sports nutrition 13. food quality and safety americans have the basic assumption that the food that...

Sports Nutrition 13

Food Quality and Safety

Americans have the basic assumption that the food that is offered for up to eat is safe and of high quality.

Several federal agencies have the job of assuring that this is true. HOWEVER……..


From the time a seed is sold, planted, harvested, processed and sold for food, a lot can happen.

It could have been treated with pesticides, contaminated with bacteria or have been improperly handled.


Food Biotechnology - Food biotechnology has been around for thousands of years. Farmers have used plant breeding techniques to enhance desired traits, produce higher yields, or to resist pests and disease.


BiotechnologyToday, genetic engineering can insert a favorable gene, is a key feature of food biotechnology. This process was designed to improve human nutrition.


Genetic engineering may:- produce more food- help prevent spoilage- improve food quality or nutritionFor example, rice could be enhances with Vitamin A. This could help prevent several million deaths each year associated with Vitamin A deficiency,


So are they safe? In 1992 the FDA determined that the risks from bioengineered foods are basically the same as the risks from other foods.


What about GMO’s?http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/10/14/2000-reasons-why-gmos-are-safe-to-eat-and-environmentally-sustainable/2/

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/10/14/2000-reasons-why-gmos-are-safe-to-eat-and-environmentally-sustainable/2/




http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/8-corn/




Critics say:- research is not adequate- allergic response to a protein created- long-term effects on children are unknown


How about Pesticides?More than 2000 weeds, insects and diseases damage almost ⅓ of our nation’s farm crop each year. Synthetic herbicides and pesticides have been developed to control weeds and pests.


Synthetic herbicides and pesticides may effectively control weeds and pests harmful to plants, but the function differently in the human body. A number of human illnesses have been attributed to prolonged exposure to these chemicals.


Some things linked to these synthetic chemicals are:- cancer- nervous system disorders- genetic mutations- birth defects- miscarriages


Most of the serious diseases from pesticide use have been associated with people who work with them on a daily basis. Farm workers, Crop dusters, etc.


However, direct exposure to even small amounts of household insect spray has been known to alter brain function, causing irritability, insomnia and reduced concentration. Contact with these should be avoided as even washing with soap and water has little effect on the absorption thru the skin.


http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/human.htm#healtheffects

The National Academy of Sciences analyzed data on more than 200 known carcinogens in foods. They concluded that they are consumed at such low levels that they pose little threat.




The dirty dozen (high pesticide content)Celery - 100 Peaches - 99Strawberries - 95 Apples - 89Blueberries - 83 Nectarines- 81Bell Peppers - 78 Spinach - 76Cherries - 75 Kale - 73Potatoes - 68 Grapes - 63


The cleanest dozenOnions - 1 Avocado - 1Sweet corn (frozen) - 2 Pineapple-6Mango - 9 Sweet Peas (frozen)-10Asparagus - 10 Kiwi - 13Cabbage - 16 Cantaloupe - 22Watermelon - 24 Grapefruit - 27


Interestingly enough, GMO’s may reduce the need for pesticides.

http://www2.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef130.asp




Unfortunately, currently there is not good understanding of how levels of exposure will affect human health. Based on current knowledge:- avoid direct skin contact or breathing

pesticides


- Use the following to reduce consumption- Wash produce thoroughly- Peel apples, carrots, cucumbers, grapes, oranges,

peaches and potatoes- Remove outer leaves of produce- Cooking helps with broccoli, green beans, potatoes

and tomatoes


- Eat less animal fat- Eat less seafood from contaminated water- Buy fruits and vegetables locally and in

season- Eat a wide variety of foods- Choose certified organic foods- http://www.ewg.org/foodnews/

http://www.ewg.org/foodnews/


ORGANIC FOODSIn order to be labeled organic foods must not be raised with synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Also they must not use antibiotics or growth hormones. The use of irradiation and gmo’s is prohibited.

Food Safety and Quality

PESTICIDESScientists studied 94,000 food samples. The conclusion was that organic food has lower pesticide residue than conventionally grown food. The significance of this is limited as the level of consumption in both cases is well below acceptable limits.


Most health professionals agree that you should not cut down on the amount of fruits and vegetables, because the health benefits far outweigh the potential risk from pesticides.


Organic Food and BacteriaDoes organic mean safe?The Center for Science in the Public Interest indicated that organic fruits and vegetables are no less likely to be contaminated with bacteria than conventional ones.


Bacteria and Organic FoodThe same institute noted that chickens labeled organic were more likely to harbor salmonella bacteria than conventionally produced broilers.


Organic and Nutritional ValueResearch suggests that there is no difference in nutritional value of organic food. Many promote organic food as a way to protect the environment or raise food by a more humane method.


Commercial Food Production and SafetyIdeally, commercial food processing would make foodhealthy, safe,attractive andstable


In many cases it does. There are, however, some potential risks. A major feature of the Prudent Health Diet is consuming a wide variety of natural, low-fat foods with a minimum of processing.


Processing can convert a healthful food into a potentially harmful one. They might add sugar. They might add salt.The bleaching and processing of wheat into flour 22 essential nutrients are removed.


Commercial ProcessingMany fruits and vegetables are artificially ripened before they have reached maturity and contain smaller quantities of vitamins and minerals than naturally ripened ones do.


Most people think that all processed foods are inferior to natural ones. Some frozen foods may have higher concentrations of nutrients than their fresh counterparts because they are usually flash frozen soon after picking. Nutrients are not lost during shipping.


http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/26/business/worldbusiness/26food.html?_r=0NDSU Our Traveling Food

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/26/business/worldbusiness/26food.html?_r=0



Commercial Food ProcessingFood companies may add to food.Enriched foods have nutrients lost in processing returned. Fortified foods have more nutrients that the original. Vitamin D is added to milk, etc.


Processing food of and in itself does not mean that they are necessarily an inferior product.Even if processing decreases nutrition, it ensured that there is a larger and more varied food supply.


The main problem with processing is the excessive use of fat, salt and sugar. Another problem is that some single foods are fortified up to 100% of the daily allowance. If more is consumed or multiple fortified foods are consumed, the UL can be exceeded.


Key Concepts- In general, current food biotechnology

techniques, such as GM food, help provide a food supply that is high quality and safe.

- Pesticide residue in food is minimal, but some foods may contain more than others.


Key Concepts- Organic food contain less pesticide residue,

but they do not contain less bacteria or more nutrients.

- Commercial food processing can provide safe and healthful foods if the addition of unwanted things is avoided.

sports nutrition 13. food quality and safety americans have the basic assumption that the food that...

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