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Sporting injuries (or is sport bad for you?)

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Objectives To learn about the different types of sporting injuries;To learn about their causes;To learn about treatment and rehabilitation;To share personal experiences.

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Types of injuries StrainsTorn musclesLigamentsTendonsBonesArthritisBruisesConcussionsDeath

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Causes of injuries 1. over-exertion2. Awkward movements3. Collisions and crashes4. Fatigue5. Weakness through illness6. Poor preparation7. chronic ware and tear

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The musculo skeletal system

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Key points Fluids secreted by synovial membrane Joints lubricated by synovial fluids Joints cushioned by cartilage Bones held together at joints by ligaments Attached to each other by tendons Attached to bones by tendons Movement directed by nerves Work in antagonistic pairs Muscles control movement by contraction

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Synovial joint

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Knee joint

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Different types of joints

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Sports injuries Torn Muscle Torn ligament Broken bones

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First Aid for sports Injuries

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Why RICE? Using these immediate first aid measures is believed to relieve pain, limit swelling and protect the injured soft tissue. Rest: protects the injury and prevents further damage Ice, Compression and Elevation: reduce blood flow so reducing inflammation and aiding faster repair. Ice and compression may also help reduce pain. Continue treatment for a day or two and most strains will start to heal If pain continues without improvement after 48 hours go to physician.

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You should go to the doctor if: You have severe painpain persists for more than two weeks in a joint or bone.pain radiates to another area of the bodyyou have 'point tenderness.'you have any injury to a joint that produces significant swelling.you cannot move the injured part.there is persistent numbness, tingling or weaknessyour injury doesn't heal in three weeks.you have an infection with pus, red streaks, a fever, or swollen lymph nodes.

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What is a pulled muscle Varying degrees of seriousness Strained muscles (pulled muscle) microscopic tears in muscle tissue Will heal of its own accord More serious tears may require medication to treat pain Physiotherapy MRI scanning to identify damage

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You may need an operation

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How to avoid sports injuries Train regularly Dont over do it at weekends (weekend warriors) when you dont exercise through the week. Warm up and stretch properly before each activityWarm downKeep fitDo muscle strengthening exercises !

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Returning to sport Fit healthy people heal faster than the UnfitObeseSmokersThe elderlyDue to better blood supply to damaged area.

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Steps of rehabilitation Dont start back too soon Do start strength and flexibility training as soon as possible Do get guidance from physician or physiotherapist Use discomfort as a guide if it hurts, stop doing it When you return to the sport work at 50 70% capacity

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When is it safe to return? You are pain freeYou have no swellingYou have full range of motion (compare the injured part with the uninjured opposite side)You have full or close to full (90 percent) strength (compare with the uninjured side) For lower body injuries - you can perform full weight bearing on injured hips, knees, and ankles without limping For upper body injuries - you can perform throwing movements with proper form and no pain Keep in mind that even when you feel 100 percent you may have deficits in strength, joint stability, flexibility or skill. Take extra care with the injured part for several months.

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Who here has had a sporting injury? Tell us about it; Audience and teacher to ask questions.

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Case Study 1. Patient: female aged 16 Symptoms presented: pain and inflammation in the right angle History Does not exercise, walk or normally take part in sports Yesterday started compulsory sports classes at the prepa and she slipped during a game of basket ball Questions What are the possible diagnoses? What first aid should she have had? Which facts from her history are important and why? Ask two relevant questions of her which may help diagnosis What should the patient do, and which symptom determines this? What advice would you give to the patient to aid recovery? What advice would you give to the patient to prevent further injury? Write your response as a piece of extended writing not just answers to questions. Explain your thinking.