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Part 01 Pronunciation skills

Phonemes

A Phoneme is the smallest constructive linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning. According to American pronunciation English has 44 Phonemes which are classified into two groups.

1. Vowels- 19 2. Consonants- 25

Then vowels are divided into three:- 1. Monophthongs- 12 2. Diphthongs - 5 3. Triphthongs- 2

Again Monopthongs are divided into two

1. Long sounds 2. Short sounds

Phonemic chart (According to American Pronunciation)

Consonant sounds (25)

Phonemes (44)

Vowel sounds (19)

Monophthongs (12) Diphthongs (5)

Long sounds (5) Short sounds (7)

Triphthongs (2)

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Consonant sounds: 25

Which is first, Vowel or consonant? Learners should start practicing sound with consonants. Because-

(1) Consonants contribute more to make English understand than vowels do. (2) Consonants are generally made by a definite interference of the vocal organ with the air stream, and are easier to describe and understand.

25 consonant sounds: at a glance

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How to pronounce as in pay `yB †VvU wgwj‡q m‡Rv‡i evZvm †ei Kiæb

as in bay `yB †VvU wgwj‡q D”PviY Kiæb

as in town wRnevi AMÖfvM Dc‡ii `v‡Zi gvwo‡Z †VwK‡q nvjKv K‡i D”PviY I m‡Rv‡i evZvm †ei Kiæb

as in down wRnevi AMÖfvM Dc‡ii `v‡Zi gvwo‡Z †VwK‡q ev nvjKvfv‡e ejyb

as in coat wRnevi †klcÖvšÍ Z_v Mjvi wfZi †_‡K m‡Rv‡i evZvm †ei Kiæb

as in goat wRnevi †klcÖvšÍ Z_v Mjvi wfZi ‡_‡K ejyb

as infast Dc‡ii `vZ wb‡Pi †Vv‡Ui mv‡_ wgwj‡q ejyb

as in vast Dc‡ii `vZ wb‡Pi †Vv‡Ui mv‡_ wgwj‡q ejyb

as in thesis wRnevi AMÖfvM `yB `v‡Zi cvwUi gv‡S †i‡L ejyb

as in this is wRnevi AMÖfvM `yB `v‡Zi cvwUi gv‡S †i‡L ejyb

as in cherry wRnevi AMÖfvM Zvjyi mv‡_ wgwk‡q ejyb

as in jerry wRnevi AMÖfvM Zvjyi mv‡_ wgwk‡q D”PviY Kiæb

as in sink wRnevi m¤§yLfvM Zvjyi mv‡_ wgwk‡q D”PviY Kiæb

as in Zink wRnevi AMÖfvM `v‡Zi mv‡_ wgwk‡q ejyb

as in mission wRnevi AMÖfvM wkk w`‡q ejyb

as in vision wRnevi AMÖfvM Dc‡ii `v‡Zi ‡Mvovi gvwoi mv‡L bv jvwM‡q ejyb

as inmight `yB ‡VvU wgwj‡q D”PviY Kiæb

as in night wRnevi m¤§yLfvM Zvjy‡Z nvjKvfv‡e †VwK‡q ejyb

as in sing wRnevi ‡klfvM Zvjy‡Z nvjKvfv‡e †VwK‡q ejyb

as in light wRnevi AMÖfvM Dc‡ii `v‡Zi gvwo‡Z ¯úk© K‡i D”Pvib Kiæb

as in right wRnevi AMÖfvM Zvjy‡Z nvjKvfv‡e ¯úk© K‡i ejyb

as in height Mjvi wfZi ‡_‡K ejyb

as in yet wRnevi ga¨fvM Zvjy‡Z nvjKvfv‡e ¯úk© K‡i ejyb

as in `yB ‡VvU †Mvj K‡i D”PviY Kiæb

wRnevi AMÖfvM Zvjyi mv‡_ wgwk‡q ejyb

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More Examples

people baby public basic problem basis pen battle paper beautiful

table daily talk danger target dare task data technique decision television decorate today dictionary

keep gain key game kill garden kind gate kiss general come good

face vacation fail valid family vast famous vegetable formal very fortune view

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think that thank then thin this thousand there throw though

challenge jam change joy channel job chart June

sit busy sink easy soul nose send these city lazy

she Asia shoe decision show confusion shop conclusion share usual

Pronunciation Tips

Suffix age/ege always sounds like / Word Transcription Word Transcription

advantage age average cage baggage engage bandage page cottage rage passage sage

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Correct Pronunciation of Some Important Words

Academic Brother BTV Bridge College Cambridge Cute Capsule Carpet Computer Control Care Couch Commonsense Come Dictionary Daughter house Jacket Kea board Mother Madam Nonsense Open Over OK Office Package Practice Phonetics Passage Pen Pencil Quick

Lesson 1.2

Suffix age/ege always sounds like / Word Transcription Word Transcription advantage age average cage baggage engage bandage page cottage rage passage sage

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Part 02 Spoken Skills (Fluency Process)

Fluency in with Modals (4 styles)

Lesson 2.1

I can take I can’t take Can you take? Can’t you take?

Avwg wb‡Z cvwi

Avwg wb‡Z cvwibv Zzwg wK wb‡Z cvi?

Zzwg wK wb‡Z cvibv?

I should go I shouldn’t go Should I go? Shouldn’t I go?

Avgvi hvIqv DwPZ

Avgvi hvIqv DwPZ bq Avgvi wK hvIqv DwPZ?

Avgvi wK hvIqv DwPZ bq?

You have to do You don’t have to do Do I have to do? Don’t I have to do?

†Zvgv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e †Zvgv‡K Ki‡Z n‡ebv Avgv‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡e? Avgv‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡e bv?

I had to do I didn’t have to do Did you have to do? Didn’t you have to do?

Avgv‡K Ki‡Z n‡qwQj Avgv‡K Ki‡Z nqwb †Zvgv‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡qwQj? †Zvgv‡K wK Ki‡Z nqwb?

I have been able to do Avwg Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ / I haven’t been able to do Avwg Ki‡Z m¶g nBwb / Have you been able to do? Zzwg wK Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qQ? /

I will be able to come I won’t be able to come Will you be able to come? Won’t you be able to come?

Avwg Avm‡Z m¶g ne / Avwg Avm‡Z cvie Avwg Avm‡Z m¶g nebv / Avwg Avm‡Z cvie bv Zzwg wK Avm‡Z m¶g n‡e? / Zzwg wK Avm‡Z cvi‡e? Zzwg wK Avm‡Z m¶g n‡ebv / Zzwg wK Avm‡Z cvi‡e bv?

Haven’t you been able to do? Zzwg wK Ki‡Z m¶g nIwb? /

Lesson 2.2

You must have smartness You mustn’t have smartness

‡Zvgvi Aek¨B smartness _vK‡Z n‡e ‡Zvgvi Aek¨B smartness _vK‡Z n‡e bv

You should have smartness You shouldn’t have smartness

‡Zvgvi smartness DwPZ ‡Zvgvi smartness DwPZ bv

You can have smartness You can’t have smartness

‡Zvgvi smartness _vK‡Z cv‡i ‡Zvgvi smartness _vK‡Z cv‡ibv

You could have smartness You couldn’t have smartness

‡Zvgvi smartness _vK‡Z cviZ ‡Zvgvi smartness _vK‡Z cviZbv

He may have smartness He mayn’t have smartness

‡Zvgvi smartness _vK‡Z cv‡i ‡Zvgvi smartness _vK‡Z cviZ

Sense of duty sense of time

sense of beauty much knowledge

punctuality regularity devotion sympathy patience

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Part 03 Practical Session

Lesson 3.1

1. What is your name? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Where do you come from? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Where is your home district? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.Can you cook? How? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.Where was your last tour? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.With whom was it? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7.Describe one of your memorable gifts? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8.What type of clothing do you like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9.Which is your favorite shopping centre? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. Tell me its specialty? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11. Describe your memorable moment? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12. What is your favourite colour and why? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13. What sort of activities do you do with your best friend? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14. What is your opinion about love marriages? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15. What are the problems in the area in which you live? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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16. Say something about your primary school? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17. How much time do you spend in reading? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18. What will you do to be a famous person? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19. What will you do if you meet a famous person? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20. Do you watch cartoons? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21. Which cartoon do you like most? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22. If a foreign company offers you to join the company, will you join? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23. Why or why not? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24. How do you spend your weekends? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25. What is your goal in life? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 26. With whom do you usually enjoy your weekends? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27. Describe the area in which you live? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Lesson 3.2

Traffic Jam in Dhaka City

Source: Daily Star (Edited)

I live in Dhaka, only 20 minutes away from my university; but I get out from my house about 1 hour and 15 minutes before class will start. Because of terrible traffic jam, most of the time it takes about an hour to reach university.

Dhaka is a mega city. More than twelve million people live here. Day by day the number is increasing and most part of Dhaka is badly affected by the population growth. More than 7 hundred thousand rickshaws ply the city road, but only 75 thousand have legal number. This huge number of rickshaws is creating traffic jam.

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Traffic jam is obstructing trade and commerce. Illegal parking is another reason for traffic jam. Cars, trucks and other vehicles are parked almost everywhere. Faulty traffic signaling systems, inadequate manpower and narrow road spaces and overtaking tendency of drivers create pro-longed traffic congestions and intensify sufferings of commuters keeping people motionless as well as creating suffocating condition in the streets. Also there are bus terminals not authorized by the traffic department and drivers do not go by traffic rules.

VIP protocol maintaining is another reason for frequent traffic jams in the streets and divider problem in the city’s different important roads also causes congestion. Besides, illegal car parking, and unplanned road excavating on the same road by Water and Sewer Authority (WASA), Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA), telephone and telegraph agencies without any integration among them, is responsible for intolerable traffic jams. The traffic managers have failed to do anything about this problem and the situation is going from bad to worse day by day. Most of time, I see that during jam traffic police just let one side go for like 5 minutes or more which increase the jam more. They should manage it more professionally; they could let go each side 1 minute.

To reduce traffic jam we can take steps such as:

Have a good public transport system so people would use it Ban rickshaw from the main roads of Dhaka Good traffic system Good lane system Traffic police should do their duty properly Use zebra cross and foot over bridge Respect the law

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Lesson 3.3

Home work

Traffic Jam in Dhaka City Hello friends,

This is …………………………………….. before you. I am really pleased to

be here in this beautiful evening. Now I would like to say something about

Traffic Jam in Dhaka City……

Hints

1. Traffic Jam

2. The cause of Traffic Jam in Dhaka City

3. The effect of Traffic Jam in Dhaka City

4. Your plan to solve this

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Part 04 Additional Study Materials ( Not for class)

Lesson 4.1

1.1 Everyday words/Expressions

No. Words/Expressions Meaning Make sentences by your own

01. Without any cause (AKvib)

02. Key leader (¸i“Z¡c~Y© †bZv)

03. Key note (cÖavb welqe ‘)

04. without doubt (wbtm‡›`‡n)

05. A man of iron (†jŠngvbe)

06. Worth-watching (†`Lvi gZ)

07. Worth-remembering (g‡b ivLvi gZ)

08. Go without saying (bv ej‡jI P‡j)

09. Universal suffrage (mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKvi)

Lesson 4.2

1.2 Expressions for better speaking

No. Expressions Meaning Translate into English (oral)

01. Ifs and buts (ARynvZ) GZ ARynvZ †`Lv”Q †Kb?

02. No buts (†Kvb wKš‘ bq) KvRwU GLbB †kl Ki| †Kvb wKš‘ bq|

03. No more buts (Avi †Kvb wKš‘ bq) Avwg A‡bK mn¨ K‡iwQ| Avi †Kvb wKš‘ bq|

04. Tolerate grumbling

and mumbling

(N¨vb N¨vb c¨vb c¨vb mn¨

Kiv)

Avwg †Zvgvi N¨vb N¨vb c¨vb c¨vb mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv|

05. As long as (hZw`b) Avwg hZw`b GB Awd‡m AvwQ †Kvb Awbqg mn¨ Ki‡ev bv|

06. On second thoughts (Av‡ivI wPš—v fvebv ci) Av‡iv wPš—v fvebv K‡i Avgv‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi|

07. A quick temper (mn‡R ivM Kivi ¯fve) †m mn‡RB ivM K‡i e‡m|

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Lesson 4.3

Indefinite strike (Awbw ©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ag©NU) Legitimate rights (b¨vqm½Z AwaKvi) Turbulence (PovB DrivB) In conformity with (Abyhvqx) Copying free (bKjgy³) Open economy (gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ) In collaboration with (mn‡hvMxZvq) Much earlier (A‡bK Av‡M) Colourful rally (eY©vX¨ i¨vwj) Nook and corner (Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P) Groundwork (cÖv_wgK KvR) Recommendation (mycvwik) Stage demonstration (we‡¶vf cÖ k©b Kiv) Hardship (Kó, y‡f©vM) Mosque based (gmwR` wfwËK) School going (¯‹zjMvgx) Drop out (S‡i cov) Livelihood (RxweKv) A Couple of months ago (K‡qKgvm Av‡M) Social responsibility (mvgvwRK `vqe×Zv) As long as/ so long as- (hZw`b)