splash screen. section 1-content vocabulary content vocabulary article jurisdiction supremacy clause...
TRANSCRIPT
Section 1-Content Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
• article
• jurisdiction
• supremacy clause
• amendment
• popular sovereignty
• federalism
• separation of powers
• checks and balances
• veto
• judicial review
Section 1
Structure
• The U.S. Constitution is divided into three parts:
• 1. the preamble,
• 2. seven articles
• 3. amendments.
• The Preamble explains why the constitution was written and the purpose of government.
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic
tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America
• Article I establishes the legislative branch.– Section 1 creates the Congress.
Section 1
• Sections 2 and 3 set forth details about the two houses of Congress: the House of Representatives and the Senate.
– Article II creates an executive branch to carry out laws created by Congress.
• Its sections outline the detail of presidential powers, describe required presidential qualifications, and provide for a vice president.
Structure (cont.)
Section 1
• Section I establishes a Supreme Court to head the judicial branch.
• Section 2 outlines the jurisdiction, or authority, of the Supreme Court and other federal courts.
• Section 3 defines treason.
Structure (cont.)
– Article III creates a judicial branch.
– Article IV explains the relationship of the states to one another and to the national government.
Section 1
– Article V spells out the ways the Constitution can be amended.
– Article VI contains the supremacy clause, establishing that the Constitution, laws passed by Congress, and treaties of the United States shall be the supreme Law of the Land.
Structure (cont.)
Section 1
– Article VII addresses ratification and declares that the Constitution would take effect after it was ratified by nine states.
Structure (cont.)
– The Amendments are the changes made to the Constitution.
Foundations of Personal Liberties
Section 4-Content Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
• incorporation doctrine
• prior restraint
• probable cause
• search warrant
• arrest warrant
• due process
• eminent domain
• lame duck
• poll tax
Section 4
The Bill of Rights
• Encouraged by Anti-federalists
• The Bill of Rights protects civil liberties by limiting government power.
• First ten amendments• The First Amendment protects Five freedoms:
• Religion
• Speech
• Petition
• Assembly
• Press The Bill of Rights
Section 4
• The Second Amendment ensures citizens and the nation the right to security.
– Though it seems to support the right to own firearms, it does not prevent Congress from regulating the interstate sale of weapons.
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
• The Third Amendment prohibits the government from forcing people to provide shelter for soldiers in their homes, a British practice before the Revolution.
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
• The Fourth Amendment limits the government’s power to conduct searches and seizures by protecting the right to privacy.
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
– To be lawful, a search or arrest must be based on probable cause—a reasonable basis to believe a person or premises are linked to a crime.
– A search or an arrest usually requiresa search warrant or arrest warrant.
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
• The Fifth Amendment contains four important protections for people accused of crimes:
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
– No one can be tried for a serious crime unless a grand jury has decided there is enough evidence to justify a trial.
– A person found innocent may not be tried again for the same offense.
– No one may be forced to testify against himself or herself.
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
– No one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law.
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
• The Sixth Amendment gives an accused person in a criminal case several rights, including:– the right to a speedy, public trial.
– the right to a trial by an impartial jury.
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
– the right to know the charges against them, so that they can prepare a defense.
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
• The Seventh Amendment provides for the right to a jury trial in federal courts to settle all disputes about property worth more than $20.
• The Eighth Amendment:
– prohibits excessive bail.
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
– prevents excessive fines.
– bans “cruel and unusual punishment” for crimes.
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
• The Ninth Amendment states that all other rights not spelled out in the Constitution are “retained by the people.”
The Bill of Rights (cont.)
• The Tenth Amendment states that “powers not delegated to the United States…nor prohibited…to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
The Bill of Rights
Section 4
Other Amendments
• The Eleventh Amendment prohibits a state from being sued in federal court by citizens of another state or of another nation.
• The Twelfth Amendment requires the Electoral College to use separate ballots in voting for president and vice president.
• The Thirteenth Amendment outlaws slavery.
Other Constitutional Amendments
Section 4
• The Fourteenth Amendment protects the rights of all citizens by prohibiting a state from depriving a person of life, liberty or property without “due process of law.”
Other Amendments (cont.)
• The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the government from denying a person’s right to vote on the basis of race.
Other Constitutional Amendments
• The Sixteenth Amendment gives Congress the power to levy individual income taxes.
Section 4
• The Seventeenth Amendment says that the people, not state legislatures, elect United States senators directly.
Other Amendments (cont.)
Other Constitutional Amendments
Section 4
• The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages, concluding a crusade to abolish the use of liquor that began in the 1830s.
• The Nineteenth Amendment guarantees women the right to vote.
Other Amendments (cont.)
Other Constitutional Amendments
Section 4
• The Twentieth Amendment sets new dates for when the president and vice president are inaugurated and when Congress begins its term.
– This prevented long periods of ineffective outgoing officials, or “lame ducks.”
Other Amendments (cont.)
Other Constitutional Amendments
• The Twenty-first Amendment repeals the unsuccessful Eighteenth Amendment.
Section 4
• The Twenty-second Amendment limits presidents to a maximum of two elected terms.
Other Amendments (cont.)
Other Constitutional Amendments
Section 4
• The Twenty-third Amendment gave the District of Columbia three presidential electors, the number it would receive if it were a state.
• The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits poll taxes—taxes that are paid in order to vote—in federal elections.
Other Amendments (cont.)
Other Constitutional Amendments
Section 4
• The Twenty-fifth Amendment establishes a process for the vice president to take over the office of president if that person is disabled and lays down the process for filling the vice presidency if that office becomes vacant.
• The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowers the voting age in federal and state elections to 18.
Other Amendments (cont.)
Other Constitutional Amendments
Section 4
Other Amendments (cont.)
• The Twenty-seventh Amendment makes congressional pay raises effective during the term following their passage.
Other Constitutional Amendments
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
MIR Trans
DFS Trans 1
DFS Trans 2
DFS Trans 3
DFS Trans 4
Help
Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.
Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.
Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.
Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu or Chapter Introduction slides to access the Making It Relevant Transparency for this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Section Focus Transparency.
Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.
Click the USG Online button to access online textbook features.
Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.
Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.
Click the Help button to access this screen.
Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens.
To use this Presentation Plus! product:
End of Custom Shows
This slide is intentionally blank.