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Bellringer, January 4

TOP 10 LISTMake a list of the top 10 things you

think should be done to make our society & life in the United States better.

As we go through the chapter, fill in this information.

Cause/

concern/ Issue

What they wanted to happen

Main leaders

Results How we deal with this now

(what needed to change)

(law, social attitude, amendment?)

(who is important on this subject?)

(what was accomplished?)

(is this still an issue today?)

Continue filling in the chart of Progressive Causes

You should already have:

workers rights

immigration issues

race relations

imperialism

Section 1The Rise of Progressivism

Progressives tried to solve the social problems that arose as the United States became an urban, industrialized nation.

Bellringer January 6

• Write a couple of paragraphs on a sheet of paper to turn in

Should historical novels be rewritten to make them more “politically correct”? What about editing movies to show them on broadcast TV?

Section 1Progressivism was a series of responses to problems in American society.

Facts about progressives:

The Rise of Progressivism (cont.)

urban, educated, middle-class Americans

both major political parties

strong faith in science and technology

social gospel & social management

Section 1 government had to be fixed before it could fix other problems

against laissez-faire economics and its unregulated markets

industrialization and urbanization created many social problems.

pragmatic / pragmatists

The Rise of Progressivism (cont.)

Section 1• muckrakers

crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption

The Rise of Progressivism (cont.)

− Jacob Riis

− Lincoln Steffens

Section 1

Why We Don't Want Men to Vote

Because man's place is in the army.

Because no really manly man wants to settle any question otherwise than by fighting about it.

Because if men should adopt peaceable methods women will no longer look up to them.

Because men will lose their charm if they step out of their natural sphere and interest themselves in other matters than feats of arms, uniforms, and drums.

Because men are too emotional to vote. Their conduct at baseball games and political conventions shows this, while their innate tendency to appeal to force renders them unfit for government.

Suffrage

Many progressives joined the movement to win voting rights for women.

Suffrage

Woman suffrage

suffragettes / suffragists

Section 1• The debate over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments split the suffrage movement into two groups:

Suffrage (cont.)

− The New York City-based National Woman Suffrage Association

− Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

− The Boston-based American Woman Suffrage Association

The Woman Suffrage Movement

Bellringer Thursday, January 13READ the Marriage Protest handout

Plan on the chapter test on Tuesday. Your writing will be about woman suffrage AND another progressive cause of your choice.

Section 1• In 1890, the two groups united to form the

National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

• get votes state by state

• By 1900 only four states had granted women full voting rights.

• Stanton died in 1902, Anthony in 1906

• Alice Paul left NAWSA and formed the National Woman’s Party so that she could use protests to confront Wilson on suffrage.

• constitutional amendment

Section 1• In 1915 Carrie Chapman Catt became NAWSA’s leader and tried to mobilize the suffrage movement in one final nationwide push.

• On August 26, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment went into effect.

Suffrage (cont.)

Woman Suffrage, 1869–1920

Section 1Reforming Government

Progressives tried to make government more efficient and more responsive to citizens.

Section 1• make government more efficient by using ideas from business

• start small…. city government

Reforming Government (cont.)

− commission plan - departments with expert commissioners – nonpartisan

− council - manager system – hire a manager

New Types of Government

Section 1• make the political system more democratic and more responsive to citizens

• direct democracy

• secret ballot

• universal voting rights

Reforming Government (cont.)

Section 1• Wisconsin was the first progressive state

• Republican governor Robert M. La Follette

− direct primary

− experts in his Cabinet

− University Extension Program

Reforming Government (cont.)

Bellringer, Wednesday, February 10

DBQ on page 306 Read the information & answer the questions in your notebook.

Be sure you are keeping up with the chart & your workbook pages for this chapter.

Section 1• Progressives also pushed for three

additional reforms:

• initiative

• referendum

• recall.

• To counter Senate corruption, progressives wanted direct election of senators.

− In 1913, the Seventeenth Amendment was added to the Constitution.

Section 1Reforming Society

Many progressives focused on social welfare problems such as child labor, unsafe working conditions, and alcohol abuse.

Section 1• child labor

• some changes went into effect

• shorter hours for women & children

• some safety regulations

• Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire pg. 298

Reforming Society (cont.)

Section 1• Some of the changes included:

Reforming Society (cont.)

− Workers’ compensation laws

− Zoning laws

− Building and health codes

− Government regulation of business to protect workers

Section 1• temperance movement

• alcohol explained many of society’s problems.

Reforming Society (cont.)

− later prohibition.

Section 1• Many progressives agreed that big business needed regulation.

Reforming Society (cont.)

− Sherman Antitrust Act

− Interstate Commerce Commission

− socialism

− the idea that the government should own and operate industry for the community.

Section 2Roosevelt Revives the Presidency

Theodore Roosevelt, who believed in progressive ideals for the nation, took on big business.

Section 2• Roosevelt’s reforms known as the Square Deal.

• he believed in Social Darwinism and progressivism at the same time

• trusts and other large business organizations were very efficient and part of the reason for America’s prosperity

Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (cont.)

− ensure that trusts did not abuse their power

Section 2• mediate conflicts between different groups and their interests

− He urged the United Mine Workers (UMW) and mine owners to accept arbitration in the Coal Strike of 1902.

Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (cont.)

Section 2• Department of Commerce and Labor

• investigate corporations and publicize the results.

Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (cont.)

− advised the companies privately and allowed them to correct their problems without taking them to court

− regulate big business without sacrificing economic efficiency

− “Trustbuster”

Section 2• Hepburn Act

• consumer protection

Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (cont.)

− food

− patent medicines

− 1906 Upton Sinclair The Jungle

− Meat Inspection Act

− Pure Food and Drug Act

− Food and Drug Administration

Section 2Conservation

New legislation gave the federal government the power to conserve natural resources.

Section 2• environmental conservation

use natural resources wisely

Fish & Wildlife Commission

• reservation

set aside for future use

• preservation

keep as it is

National Park Service

Conservation (cont.)

Section 2Conservation (cont.)

• 1905 United States Forest Service

Gifford Pinchot

•1902 Newlands Reclamation Act - irrigation and land development projects in the West

Section 2Taft’s Reforms

William Howard Taft broke with progressives on tariff and conservation issues.

William Howard TaftHelen Herron

Taft

Ohio Republicangovernor of the

PhilippinesSupreme Court

Section 2• Taft called Congress into a special session to lower tariff rates.

Taft’s Reforms (cont.)

− tariff debate divided progressives

− Payne-Aldrich Tariff – overall cut tariffs slightly and raised them on some goods

Section 2• Some of Roosevelt’s people worked against Taft.

Taft’s Reforms (cont.)

− conservation was the biggest problem

− bad public image for Taft

Section 2• Despite his political problems, Taft had many successes:

Taft’s Reforms (cont.)

− He brought twice as many antitrust cases in four years as his predecessor had in seven.

− He established the Children’s Bureau in 1912.

− He set up the Bureau of Mines in 1910.

− income tax 16th Amendment

Section 2• 1910 Election

•Democrats controlled Congress

•Republican Party split

Taft’s Reforms (cont.)

Section 3

• Progressives - Theodore Roosevelt

• Republican – conservatives / William Howard Taft.

• Democrat – progressive/ Woodrow Wilson

The Election of 1912

Section 3• The election of 1912 was a contest between two progressives with different approaches to reform.

The Election of 1912 (cont.)

− Roosevelt called his program the New Nationalism.

− Wilson countered with what he called the New Freedom.

New Nationalism Versus New Freedom

Section 3• Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican voters, enabling Wilson to win.

The Election of 1912 (cont.)

New Nationalism Versus New Freedom

Section 3Wilson’s Reforms

President Wilson reformed tariffs and banks and oversaw the creation of the Federal Trade Commission.

Section 3• In 1913, Congress passed the Underwood Tariff, and Wilson signed it into law.

• reduced the average tariff to about 30 percent of the value of the goods and provided for an income tax.

Wilson’s Reforms (cont.)

Section 3• Needed to restore public confidence in the banking system

• The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created 12 regional banks to be supervised by a Board of Governors, appointed by the president.

Wilson’s Reforms (cont.)

Progressives Reform the Economic System

Section 3• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to monitor American business.

Wilson’s Reforms (cont.)

− The FTC had the power to investigate companies and issue “cease and desist” orders against companies engaging in unfair trade practices.

Section 3• Wilson wanted to limit business activities that unfairly limited competition, as opposed to breaking up big business.

• Unsatisfied by Wilson’s approach, progressives in Congress responded by passing the Clayton Antitrust Act in 1914.

Wilson’s Reforms (cont.)

Section 3• In 1916, Wilson signed the first federal law regulating child labor.

− The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act prohibited the employment of children under the age of 14 in factories producing goods for interstate commerce.

− The Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional in 1918.

Wilson’s Reforms (cont.)

Section 3• Wilson also supported the Adamson Act and the Federal Farm Loan Act.

Wilson’s Reforms (cont.)

Section 3Progressivism’s Legacy and Limits

Progressivism changed many people’s ideas about the government’s role in social issues.

Section 3• Americans expected the federal government to play a more active role in regulating the economy and solving social problems.

• Progressivism failed to address racial and religious discrimination.

Progressivism’s Legacy and Limits (cont.)

Section 3• In 1905 W.E.B Du Bois and 28 other African American leaders met at Niagara Falls to demand full rights for African Americans.

Progressivism’s Legacy and Limits (cont.)

− This meeting was one of the many steps leading to the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Section 3• Jewish people also faced discrimination.

• Sigmund Livingston started the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) to combat stereotypes and discrimination.

Progressivism’s Legacy and Limits (cont.)

Figure 2A

Figure 2B

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5a

Figure 5b

Figure 5c

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Answer: The two approaches were different. Roosevelt favored strengthening the federal government’s role in the economy, whereas Wilson favored reducing its role.

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