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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: First in Freedom Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina Section 3: Rights of Citizens Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: First in Freedom
Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina
Section 3: Rights of Citizens
Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement
Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro 1
You can learn about North Carolina history from colonization to the present by visiting monuments, parks, and historical buildings. North Carolinians are devoted to preserving their state’s history.
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 1: First in Freedom
Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. North Carolina was one of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule in the American Revolution.
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina
A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it. The Constitution of North Carolina is the state’s fundamental law.
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 3: Rights of Citizens
The constitution establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties. While the right to vote is widely recognized as a fundamental right today; this was not always true.
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement
In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas. The campaign for equality gained momentum in the 1960s.
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Section 1-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
Political principles and major events shape how people form governments.
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Section 1-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• unicameral
• bicameral
• federal system
Academic Vocabulary
• levy
• consent
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A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think the federal government should have more power than state governments?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
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Section 1
Colonial North Carolina
North Carolina’s state and local government developed from the state’s foundation as an English colony.
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Section 1
Colonial North Carolina (cont.)
• Colonial North Carolinians defended their “rights as Englishmen.”
– Representative government
– Only elected assembly could levy, or impose taxes.
– Charter of Carolina (1663)
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Section 1
Colonial North Carolina (cont.)
• Legislature
– Operated as unicameral, or one house legislature, for more than 30 years
– Adopted bicameral, or two-house, legislature in 1697
– “Power of the purse”
North Carolina Counties, 1775
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A. A
B. B
Section 1
A bicameral legislature, compared to a unicameral legislature, better represents the views of the people.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
0%0%
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Section 1
Toward Independence
After a war lasting several years, the American colonists won their independence from Great Britain.
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Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
• First in Freedom
– First Provisional Congress (August 25, 1774)
– Elected representatives to the Continental Congress
– Edenton “tea party” (October 1774)
– The Mecklenburg Declaration (May 1775)
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Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
• Fourth Provisional Congress
– Halifax Resolves (April 12, 1776)
– First colonial government to call for total independence from Great Britain
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Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
• The Constitutional Convention
– Convened to reform the Articles of Confederation
– The new U.S. Constitution created a federal system of government.
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Section 1
Toward Independence (cont.)
– North Carolina convention in Hillsborough (1788) called for a bill of rights
– Ratification convention in Fayetteville (1789) ratified the U.S. Constitution, confident that a bill of rights would be included
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A. A
B. B
Section 1
The North Carolina convention in Hillsborough was correct not to ratify the U.S. Constitution without a bill of rights.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
0%0%
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Section 2-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it.
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Section 2-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• preamble
• popular sovereignty
• separation of powers
• checks and balances
• amend
Academic Vocabulary
• similar
• authority
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A. A
B. B
Section 2-Polling Question
Considering protections offered by the United States Constitution, are state constitutions important in protecting individual rights?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
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Section 2
Power of the People
While differing in details, all state constitutions share many characteristics.
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Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
• The North Carolina Constitution includes:
– A preamble
– A bill of rights
– An outline of the framework of government
– A listing of state powers and responsibilities
Road to Statehood
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Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
– A provision for local government
– An amending clause that details the methods of formal constitutional change
• Popular sovereignty means that people are the ultimate source of power.
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Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
• Separation of powers
– Government power in North Carolina is divided among the legislature, executive, and judicial branches.
– Articles II, III, and IV of the Constitution of North Carolina spell out limitations and responsibilities of each branch.
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Section 2
Power of the People (cont.)
• A system of checks and balances exists so that each branch of North Carolina government exercises some control over the other.
• The authority to amend, or change, the Constitution of North Carolina is derived from Articles XVIII of the U.S. Constitution.
• The amendment process provides a way the constitution can remain responsive to the needs of a changing state.
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A. A
B. B
Section 2
One branch of government should have final authority over the others.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
0%0%
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time
The amendment process provides a way for the Constitution of North Carolina to respond to changing times.
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• The purpose of a constitution:
– To protect the rights of the individual from encroachment by the State
– To provide a framework of government for the state
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• The Constitution of 1776 (adopted December 18, 1776) established:
– North Carolina General Assembly
– Executive branch divided between the governor and Council of State
– A court system
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• Major changes in 1835:
– Voters gained power to elect the governor and approve or reject constitutional amendments
– Took voting rights away from free men of African decent and Native Americans
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• Constitution of 1971:
– North Carolina’s present constitution
– Guarantees freedom of speech and equal protection of the laws
– Guarantees free elections
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Section 2
The Constitution Over Time (cont.)
• Later amendments include:
– Changing voting age from 21 to 18 (1972)
– Permitting governor to serve to consecutive four-year terms (1977)
– Power of governor to veto legislation (1996)
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A. A
B. B
Section 2
Does limiting a governor to two consecutive terms infringe on the right of the people to choose who they would like to elect?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
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Section 3-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
The constitution establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties.
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Section 3-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• suffrage
• segregation
Academic Vocabulary
• impose
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A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Do you feel that voting rights should be a state or federal issue?
A. State
B. Federal
0%0%
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Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote
While the right to vote is widely recognized as a fundamental right today, this was not always true.
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Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• At independence, voting was limited to free, male, property-owning citizens at least 21 years old
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Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) of the United States Constitution:
– Defined a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in the United States
– Required each state to grant its citizens “equal protection of the laws”
– Article I, Section 19 of the Constitution of North Carolina guarantees equal protection
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Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) of the United States Constitution:
– Extended voting rights to all male citizens who were 21 years or older
– Specifically excluded “race, creed, color, or previous condition of servitude” as a condition of voting
– Landmark on the road to full suffrage
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Section 3
North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.)
• Fearing the growing influence of African Americans in government, some white leaders led a drive for racial segregation, or separation.
• By 1900, the North Carolina General Assembly had established discriminatory tests that kept most African American and Native American men from voting.
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A. A
B. B
Section 3
Should only people who own property be able to vote on property taxes?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage
Women struggled for many years to win the right to vote.
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• Suffrage movement in North Carolina:
– First public woman suffrage meeting in Asheville (November 15, 1894)
– North Carolina Equal Suffrage League (1914)
– Equal Suffrage Bill (1915)
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920):
– Gave women the right to vote in national elections
– Lillian Exum Clement became first female General Assembly member (1921)
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• Voting reforms:
– Civil Rights Act of 1964
– Voting Rights Act of 1965
– Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1971)
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
• To vote today in North Carolina a person must:
– Be a citizen of the United States
– Be at least 18 years old by the next general election
– Have lived in his or her voting precinct for at least 30 days
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Section 3
Woman Suffrage (cont.)
– Not be serving a sentence for conviction as a felon
– Be registered to vote
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A. A
B. B
Section 3
Do you think that voter registration should automatically occur when a person turns 18?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
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Section 4-Main Idea
Guide to Reading
Big Idea
In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas.
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Section 4-Key Terms
Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• civil rights
• boycott
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A. A
B. B
Section 4-Polling Question
Do you feel that voting rights should be a state or federal issue?
A. State
B. Federal
0%0%
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Section 4
What Are Civil Rights
The democratic ideal is for all people to have equal rights and treatment before the law.
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Section 4
What Are Civil Rights (cont.)
• Civil rights are the protections granted in the Constitution that recognize that all citizens must be treated equally under the law.
• Racial discrimination is treating members of a race differently.
• Segregation is separation of people from the larger social group.
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Section 4
What Are Civil Rights (cont.)
• Legalizing segregation:
– Jim Crow laws
– 1875 Constitution of North Carolina
– Plessy v. Ferguson (1876)
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Section 4
What Are Civil Rights (cont.)
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954):
– Overruled Plessy v. Ferguson
– The Pearsall Commission
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Section 4
Moving Toward Integration
The civil rights movement used many tactics to fight segregation.
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Section 4
Moving Toward Integration (cont.)
• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education declared the Pearsall Plan unconstitutional.
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Section 4
Moving Toward Integration (cont.)
• The Sit-in Movement:
– Marches, demonstrations, and boycotts
– F.W. Woolworth’s, Greensboro (February 1960)
– Spread to multiple states
– “Greenville Eight”
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A. A
B. B
Section 4
Boycotts are more effective than mass demonstrations in promoting social change.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
0%0%
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VS 1
The Road to Independence
• The Mecklenburg Declaration of 1775 renounces America’s ties with Great Britain.
• The Halifax Resolves of 1776 recommends independence from Great Britain.
• The Declaration of Independence announces the independence of the United States.
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VS 2
The Constitution of North Carolina
• The Constitution of North Carolina ensures that the government’s power comes from the people and that the government is limited.
• North Carolina’s declaration of Rights protects the freedom of individual people.
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VS 3
The Constitution of North Carolina (cont.)
The Constitution of North Carolina is similar in structure to the U.S. Constitution. It includes the following:
• a preamble
• a bill of rights
• an outline of the framework of government
• a listing of state powers and responsibilities
• a provision for local government
• the methods of amending the constitution
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VS 4
Rights of the People
• The Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution protects the rights of Americans.
• Women won the right to vote with passage of the Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
• Groups of African Americans joined together to fight for equality in a struggle called the civil rights movement.
• Reforms in the 1960s protected the rights of citizens to vote.
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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TIME Trans
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DFS Trans 1
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DFS Trans 2
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DFS Trans 3
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DFS Trans 4
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Vocab1
unicameral
one-house legislature
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Vocab2
bicameral
a legislature consisting of two parts, or houses
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Vocab3
federal system
the sharing of power between the central and state governments
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Vocab4
levy
to require taxes to be paid
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Vocab5
consent
to express willingness or to agree
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Vocab6
preamble
the opening section of the Constitution
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Vocab7
popular sovereignty
the notion that power lies with the people
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Vocab8
separation of powers
the split of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
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Vocab9
checks and balances
a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others
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Vocab10
amend
to change
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Vocab11
similar
having qualities in common or resembling
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Vocab12
authority
power or influence over other people or groups; person or persons having the power of government
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Vocab13
suffrage
the right to vote
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Vocab14
segregation
the social separation of the races
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Vocab15
impose
to establish as a charge or penalty
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Vocab16
civil rights
the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law
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Vocab17
boycott
the refusal to purchase certain goods
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