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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: Migration to the Americas Section 2: Cities and Empires Section 3: North American Peoples Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. Migration to the Americas Essential Question How did agriculture change the lives of early people?. Chapter Intro. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Migration to the Americas
Section 2: Cities and Empires
Section 3: North American Peoples
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro
Migration to the Americas
Essential Question How did agriculture change the lives of early people?
Chapter Intro
Cities and Empires
Essential Question How did the early civilizations of Mexico and Central America develop socially, politically, and economically?
Chapter Intro
North American Peoples
Essential Question How was the way of life of the Native Americans of North America related to their environment?
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Preview-End
Section 1-Essential Question
How did agriculture change the lives of early people?
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• archaeology
• artifact
• nomad
• migration
• maize
• carbon dating
• culture
Academic Vocabulary
• source
• estimate
Reading Guide
Section 1-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Ice Age
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Which do you believe came first, agriculture or culture?
A. Agriculture
B. Culture
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Section 1
The Journey From Asia
The first Americans were hunters and gatherers who came from Asia and spread throughout the Americas.
Section 1
• Archaeologists, experts in archaeology, believe that many early peoples reached the Americas by crossing a strip of land known as Beringia, which was exposed during the last Ice Age.
• As the centuries passed, many people migrated across Beringia and spread out across the Americas.
The Journey From Asia (cont.)
Prehistoric Migrations to the Americas
Section 1
• The earliest Americans were nomads who were skilled at hunting large animals such as the wooly mammoth.
• Eventually these mammals began to die out, and early Americans had to find other sources of food.
The Journey From Asia (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
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During which period of time was the land bridge known as Beringia exposed?
A. Ice Age
B. Renaissance
C. Viking Age
D. Victorian Era
Section 1
Settling Down
Agriculture changed the way of life for early Americans.
Section 1
• Agriculture began in the Americas about 9,000 years ago as people living in what is now Mexico learned to plant and raise maize.
• Using a method called carbon dating to study artifacts, scientists know that permanent settlements arose about 5,000 years ago.
Settling Down (cont.)
Section 1
• Over time, the groups of people living in settlements developed their own cultures.
Settling Down (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
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Which of the following was NOT a crop grown by early Americans?
A. Maize
B. Oranges
C. Pumpkins
D. Beans
Section 1-End
Section 2-Essential Question
How did the early civilizations of Mexico and Central America develop socially, politically, and economically?
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• civilization
• theocracy
• hieroglyphics
• Quechua
• quipu
• terrace
Academic Vocabulary
• complex
• link
Reading Guide
Section 2-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Olmec
• Maya
• Aztec
• Inca
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2-Polling Question
Which of the following do you think is most important in the successful development of a civilization?
A. A system of writing
B. Advancements in agriculture
C. Advancements in architecture
D. A powerful military A B C D
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Section 2
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec civilizations of Mexico and Central America flourished long before the arrival of Europeans.
Section 2
• Long before the Europeans arrived in the early 1500s, several civilizations arose in what is now Mexico and Central America.
• These civilizations developed complex systems for the following:
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
– Writing
– Counting
– Tracking time Maya Mathematics
Section 2
• The three largest and most advanced of the early civilizations were the:
– Olmec
– Maya
– Aztec
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
Section 2
• Facts about the Olmec:
– Farmers produced enough food to sustain cities containing thousands of people.
– Workers sculpted large stone monuments and built stone pavements and drainage systems.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
Section 2
• Facts about the Maya:
– Each city had at least one stone pyramid.
– Their civilization was a theocracy.
– They developed hieroglyphics.
– Traders traveled on a network of roads carved out of the jungle.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
Section 2
• Facts about the Aztec:
– They built Tenochtitlán, one of the greatest cities in the Americas.
– They were a military empire.
– They organized their society around religion.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2
Which of the following civilization was still flourishing when the Europeans arrived?
A. Olmec
B. Maya
C. Aztec
0% 0%0%
Section 2
The Inca
The Inca in South America developed a well-organized empire with a structured society.
Section 2
• Facts about the Inca:
– The Inca state was built on war and the Inca army was powerful.
– The Inca Empire had a population of more than 9 million, and built at least 10,000 miles of roads in order to keep the empire linked.
The Inca (cont.)
The Inca Empire
Section 2
– Quechua was the official language.
– They cut terraces into steep slopes in order to farm mountainous lands.
The Inca (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
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How did the Inca record information?
A. Using hieroglyphics
B. Using quipu
C. Using an abacus
D. Using the alphabet
Section 2-End
Section 3-Essential Question
How was the way of life of the Native Americans of North America related to their environment?
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• pueblo
• federation
• clan
Academic Vocabulary
• channel
• structure
Reading Guide
Section 3-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Mound Builders
• Iroquois
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Do you feel that you could adapt easier to a cold climate or a warm climate?
A. Cold
B. Warm
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Section 3
Early Native Americans
The Hohokam, the Anasazi, and the Mound Builders were among the most advanced of early North American civilizations.
Section 3
• Facts about the Hohokam:
– Their way of life depended on irrigation channels they dug to carry river water into their fields.
– They left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells etched with acid.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
Section 3
• Facts about the Anasazi:
– They built pueblos–huge structures made of stone and earth.
– They also built dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
Section 3
• Facts about the Mound Builders:
– Some of the mounds contained burial chambers, while some were topped with temples.
– The Adena and the Hopewell were two cultures that built mounds.
– The largest settlement of the Mound Builders was Cahokia.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
Selected Sites of the Mound Builders
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 3
The Mound Builders appeared to be related to which two cultures?
A. Anasazi and Hopewell
B. Maya and Aztec
C. Inuit and Iroquois
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Section 3
Other Native North Americans
The early inhabitants of North America developed ways of life that were well suited to their environments.
Section 3
• The people who settled in the northern-most part of North America built igloos in the winter, and were hunters and fishers.
• Peoples of the West depended on the forest and the sea.
• Most of the peoples of the Southeast and Southwest farmed, but the Apache and Navajo were hunters and gatherers.
Other Native North Americans (cont.)
Native American Cultures
Section 3
• Peoples of the Plains were nomadic.
• Peoples of the East formed complex societies.
Other Native North Americans (cont.)
– The Iroquois and Cherokee had formal law codes and formed federations.
– The different members of the Iroquois League were organized according to clans.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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People from which area used horses to hunt and fight?
A. Southwest
B. Plains
C. East
D. Southeast
Section 3-End
VS-End
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Vocab1
archaeology
the study of ancient peoples
Vocab2
artifact
an item left behind by early people that represents their culture
Vocab3
nomad
person who moves from place to place in search of food or grazing land
Vocab4
migration
a movement of a large number of people into a new homeland
Vocab5
maize
an early form of corn grown by Native Americans
Vocab6
carbon dating
a scientific method used to determine the age of an artifact
Vocab7
culture
a way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs
Vocab8
source
a supply
Vocab9
estimate
approximate number
Vocab10
civilization
a highly developed culture, usually with organized religions and laws
Vocab11
theocracy
a form of government in which the society is ruled by religious leaders
Vocab12
hieroglyphics
an ancient form of writing using symbols and pictures to represent words, sounds, and concepts
Vocab13
Quechua
language spoken by the Inca
Vocab14
quipu
calculating device developed by the Inca
Vocab15
terrace
a raised piece of land with the top leveled off to promote farming
Vocab16
complex
complicated; highly detailed
Vocab17
link
join or connect
Vocab18
pueblo
home or community of homes built by Native Americans
Vocab19
federation
a type of government that links different groups together
Vocab20
clan
a group united by a common interest or characteristic
Vocab21
channel
a trench or groove to allow the passage of water
Vocab22
structure
something that is constructed or built
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