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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: Migration to the Americas Section 2: Cities and Empires Section 3: North American Peoples Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. Migration to the Americas Essential Question How did agriculture change the lives of early people?. Chapter Intro. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Migration to the Americas
Section 2: Cities and Empires
Section 3: North American Peoples
Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro
Migration to the Americas
Essential Question How did agriculture change the lives of early people?
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Chapter Intro
Cities and Empires
Essential Question How did the early civilizations of Mexico and Central America develop socially, politically, and economically?
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Chapter Intro
North American Peoples
Essential Question How was the way of life of the Native Americans of North America related to their environment?
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Section 1-Essential Question
How did agriculture change the lives of early people?
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Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• archaeology
• artifact
• nomad
• migration
• maize
• carbon dating
• culture
Academic Vocabulary
• source
• estimate
Reading Guide
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Section 1-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Ice Age
Reading Guide (cont.)
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A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Which do you believe came first, agriculture or culture?
A. Agriculture
B. Culture
0%0%
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Section 1
The Journey From Asia
The first Americans were hunters and gatherers who came from Asia and spread throughout the Americas.
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Section 1
• Archaeologists, experts in archaeology, believe that many early peoples reached the Americas by crossing a strip of land known as Beringia, which was exposed during the last Ice Age.
• As the centuries passed, many people migrated across Beringia and spread out across the Americas.
The Journey From Asia (cont.)
Prehistoric Migrations to the Americas
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Section 1
• The earliest Americans were nomads who were skilled at hunting large animals such as the wooly mammoth.
• Eventually these mammals began to die out, and early Americans had to find other sources of food.
The Journey From Asia (cont.)
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
During which period of time was the land bridge known as Beringia exposed?
A. Ice Age
B. Renaissance
C. Viking Age
D. Victorian Era
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Section 1
Settling Down
Agriculture changed the way of life for early Americans.
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Section 1
• Agriculture began in the Americas about 9,000 years ago as people living in what is now Mexico learned to plant and raise maize.
• Using a method called carbon dating to study artifacts, scientists know that permanent settlements arose about 5,000 years ago.
Settling Down (cont.)
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Section 1
• Over time, the groups of people living in settlements developed their own cultures.
Settling Down (cont.)
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
Which of the following was NOT a crop grown by early Americans?
A. Maize
B. Oranges
C. Pumpkins
D. Beans
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Section 2-Essential Question
How did the early civilizations of Mexico and Central America develop socially, politically, and economically?
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Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• civilization
• theocracy
• hieroglyphics
• Quechua
• quipu
• terrace
Academic Vocabulary
• complex
• link
Reading Guide
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Section 2-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Olmec
• Maya
• Aztec
• Inca
Reading Guide (cont.)
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2-Polling Question
Which of the following do you think is most important in the successful development of a civilization?
A. A system of writing
B. Advancements in agriculture
C. Advancements in architecture
D. A powerful military A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
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Section 2
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec civilizations of Mexico and Central America flourished long before the arrival of Europeans.
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Section 2
• Long before the Europeans arrived in the early 1500s, several civilizations arose in what is now Mexico and Central America.
• These civilizations developed complex systems for the following:
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
– Writing
– Counting
– Tracking time Maya Mathematics
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Section 2
• The three largest and most advanced of the early civilizations were the:
– Olmec
– Maya
– Aztec
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
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Section 2
• Facts about the Olmec:
– Farmers produced enough food to sustain cities containing thousands of people.
– Workers sculpted large stone monuments and built stone pavements and drainage systems.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
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Section 2
• Facts about the Maya:
– Each city had at least one stone pyramid.
– Their civilization was a theocracy.
– They developed hieroglyphics.
– Traders traveled on a network of roads carved out of the jungle.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
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Section 2
• Facts about the Aztec:
– They built Tenochtitlán, one of the greatest cities in the Americas.
– They were a military empire.
– They organized their society around religion.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
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A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2
Which of the following civilization was still flourishing when the Europeans arrived?
A. Olmec
B. Maya
C. Aztec
0% 0%0%
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Section 2
The Inca
The Inca in South America developed a well-organized empire with a structured society.
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Section 2
• Facts about the Inca:
– The Inca state was built on war and the Inca army was powerful.
– The Inca Empire had a population of more than 9 million, and built at least 10,000 miles of roads in order to keep the empire linked.
The Inca (cont.)
The Inca Empire
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Section 2
– Quechua was the official language.
– They cut terraces into steep slopes in order to farm mountainous lands.
The Inca (cont.)
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
How did the Inca record information?
A. Using hieroglyphics
B. Using quipu
C. Using an abacus
D. Using the alphabet
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Section 3-Essential Question
How was the way of life of the Native Americans of North America related to their environment?
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Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• pueblo
• federation
• clan
Academic Vocabulary
• channel
• structure
Reading Guide
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Section 3-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Mound Builders
• Iroquois
Reading Guide (cont.)
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A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Do you feel that you could adapt easier to a cold climate or a warm climate?
A. Cold
B. Warm
0%0%
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Section 3
Early Native Americans
The Hohokam, the Anasazi, and the Mound Builders were among the most advanced of early North American civilizations.
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Section 3
• Facts about the Hohokam:
– Their way of life depended on irrigation channels they dug to carry river water into their fields.
– They left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells etched with acid.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
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Section 3
• Facts about the Anasazi:
– They built pueblos–huge structures made of stone and earth.
– They also built dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
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Section 3
• Facts about the Mound Builders:
– Some of the mounds contained burial chambers, while some were topped with temples.
– The Adena and the Hopewell were two cultures that built mounds.
– The largest settlement of the Mound Builders was Cahokia.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
Selected Sites of the Mound Builders
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A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 3
The Mound Builders appeared to be related to which two cultures?
A. Anasazi and Hopewell
B. Maya and Aztec
C. Inuit and Iroquois
0% 0%0%
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Section 3
Other Native North Americans
The early inhabitants of North America developed ways of life that were well suited to their environments.
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Section 3
• The people who settled in the northern-most part of North America built igloos in the winter, and were hunters and fishers.
• Peoples of the West depended on the forest and the sea.
• Most of the peoples of the Southeast and Southwest farmed, but the Apache and Navajo were hunters and gatherers.
Other Native North Americans (cont.)
Native American Cultures
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Section 3
• Peoples of the Plains were nomadic.
• Peoples of the East formed complex societies.
Other Native North Americans (cont.)
– The Iroquois and Cherokee had formal law codes and formed federations.
– The different members of the Iroquois League were organized according to clans.
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
People from which area used horses to hunt and fight?
A. Southwest
B. Plains
C. East
D. Southeast
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Figure 4
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Figure 5
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Figure 6
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Figure 7
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Vocab1
archaeology
the study of ancient peoples
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Vocab2
artifact
an item left behind by early people that represents their culture
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Vocab3
nomad
person who moves from place to place in search of food or grazing land
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Vocab4
migration
a movement of a large number of people into a new homeland
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Vocab5
maize
an early form of corn grown by Native Americans
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Vocab6
carbon dating
a scientific method used to determine the age of an artifact
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Vocab7
culture
a way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs
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Vocab8
source
a supply
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Vocab9
estimate
approximate number
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Vocab10
civilization
a highly developed culture, usually with organized religions and laws
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Vocab11
theocracy
a form of government in which the society is ruled by religious leaders
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Vocab12
hieroglyphics
an ancient form of writing using symbols and pictures to represent words, sounds, and concepts
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Vocab13
Quechua
language spoken by the Inca
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Vocab14
quipu
calculating device developed by the Inca
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Vocab15
terrace
a raised piece of land with the top leveled off to promote farming
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Vocab16
complex
complicated; highly detailed
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Vocab17
link
join or connect
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Vocab18
pueblo
home or community of homes built by Native Americans
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Vocab19
federation
a type of government that links different groups together
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Vocab20
clan
a group united by a common interest or characteristic
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Vocab21
channel
a trench or groove to allow the passage of water
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Vocab22
structure
something that is constructed or built
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