speech perception1 fricatives and affricates we will be looking at acoustic cues in terms of …...
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Speech Perception 1
Fricatives and Affricates
• We will be looking at acoustic cues in terms of …– Manner– Place– voicing
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Speech Perception 2
Fricatives and Affricates (manner)
• Manner– Different from stops in that fricatives are continuants.
– Noisy aperiodic component
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Speech Perception 3
Fricatives and Affricates (place)
• Place– Absolute intensity of fricative.– Spectral frequency
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Speech Perception 4
Fricatives and Affricates (place)
– Center frequencies will change depending upon vowel context (adaptation)
– Other fricatives have more spectral spread and is difficult to identify by spectral frequency alone.
– F2 transition points roughly to center frequency. e.g., the F2 transition for /s/ points to about 4000 Hz. These transitions are important for perception of other fricatives which have weak center frequencies.
• Affricates contain aspects of both stops and fricatives.
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Speech Perception 5
Fricatives and Affricates (place)
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Speech Perception 6
Suprasegmentals
• Suprasegmental perception is poorly understood when compared to suprasegmental production.
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Speech Perception 7
Suprasegmentals (intonation)
• Intonation– Ability to changes in intonation is dependent upon ability to track pitch.
– Physiological mechanisms for decoding are unknown be probably in Wernike’s area.
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Speech Perception 8
Suprasegmentals (intonation)
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Speech Perception 9
Suprasegmentals (intonation)
• System analyzes speaker’s harmonic structure of speech and then can determine fo and track pitch and fo changes by analyzing change in harmonics (e.g., hearing aids and telephones).
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Speech Perception 10
Suprasegmentals (stress & juncture)
• Stress is determined by changes in pitch, loudness and duration.
• Juncture is determined by silent periods, vowel duration or other features such as voicing or aspiration.
• Physiological mechanisms for loudness and duration are also thought to be in temporal lobe of cortex.
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Speech Perception 11
Context
• Perception of allophones, phonemes, syllables, words or even phrases are dependent upon context. (e.g., spin test)
• Being able to identify context is important for speech perception, especially for people with hearing loss.
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Speech Perception 12
Categorical Perception
• Refers to ability of a listener to discriminate on phoneme or perceptual cue from another based on subtle differences in the acoustic cues.
• Categorical boundaries are an important part of categorical perception. Provide examples.
• Study by Liberman (1957) shows how changes in F2 formant frequency can influence perception. They looked at ability to identify phonemes and to discriminate between phonemes.
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Speech Perception 13
Categorical Perception• Describe study
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Speech Perception 14
Categorical Perception
• Similar studies have been used to study virtually every known acoustic cue.
• People with cochlear hearing loss interferes with categorical perception. What are implications?
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Speech Perception 15
Categorical Perception
• Effects of Language• Effects of Instinct• Best guess is both play an important role.
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Speech Perception 16
Hearing Loss and Speech Perception
• Review Audiogram• Effect on speech dynamics and specific phonemes
• Effect on suprasegmentals• Effect on categorical perception
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Speech Perception 17
Summary