sped 508 by kyanne russell. an orthopedic impairment is a bodily impairment that is severe enough...
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Orthopedic Impairments
SPED 508By Kyanne Russell
An orthopedic impairment is a bodily impairment that is
severe enough to negatively affect a child’s educational performance.
They are also known as physical disabilities or other health impairments.
This disability category includes all orthopedic impairments, regardless of cause. Examples of potential causes of orthopedic impairment include genetic abnormality, disease, injury, birth trauma, amputation, burns, or other causes.
Orthopedic Impairments
Disabling physical problems such as those resulting
from poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or contractures from burns would be considered as orthopedic impairments under the IDEA.
People with orthopedic impairments usually need physical accommodations or assistive technology in work and life and have legal rights to this support under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
Orthopedic Impairments
The U.S. Department of Education reports
5,971,495 students receiving special education services in the 2003-2004 school year.
Of that number, roughly 1.1%, or 68,188 students, received special education services based on a classification of orthopedic impairments.
Orthopedic ImpairmentPrevalence
The IDEA category of orthopedic impairments
contains a wide variety of disorders. These can be divided into three main areas: neuromotor impairments degenerative diseases musculoskeletal disorders
Orthopedic ImpairmentTypes & Characteristics
A neuromotor impairment is an abnormality of, or
damage to, the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system that sends impulses to the muscles of the body. These impairments are acquired at or before birth, and often result in complex motor problems that can affect several body systems.
These motor problems can include limited limb movement, loss of urinary control, and loss of proper alignment of the spine. The two most common types of neuromotor impairments are cerebral palsy and spina bifida.
Types of Orthopedic Impairments
Degenerative diseases are composed of
various diseases that affect motor development.
The most common degenerative disease found in the school population is muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness from degeneration of muscle fibers.
Types of Orthopedic Impairments
Musculoskeletal disorders are composed of
various conditions that can result in various levels of physical limitations.
Two examples of musculoskeletal disorders include juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and limb deficiency.
Types of Orthopedic Impairments
The specific impact on learning of an individual is
contingent upon the disease, its severity, and individual factors. Two individuals with identical diagnoses may be quite different in terms of their capabilities.
Many students with orthopedic impairments have no cognitive, learning, perceptual, language, or sensory issues. However, individuals with neuromotor impairments have a higher incidence of additional impairments, especially when there has been brain involvement. For most students with orthopedic impairments, the impact on learning is focused on accommodations necessary for students to have access to academic instruction.
Orthopedic Impairments
As with most students with disabilities, the classroom
accommodations for students with orthopedic impairments will vary dependent on the individual needs of the student. Since many students with orthopedic impairments have no cognitive impairments, the general educator and special educator should collaborate to include the student in the general curriculum as much as possible.
In order for the student to access the general curriculum, the student may require these accommodations:
Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements
Instruction focused on development of gross and fine motor skills
Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices
Awareness of medical condition and its affect on the student (such as getting tired quickly)
Orthopedic ImpairmentAccommodations
Because of the multi-faceted nature of orthopedic impairments, other specialists may be involved in developing and implementing an appropriate educational program for the student. These specialists can include: Physical Therapists who work on gross motor skills (focusing on the
legs, back, neck and torso) Occupational Therapists who work on fine motor skills (focusing on
the arms and hands as well as daily living activities such as dressing and bathing)
Speech-Language Pathologists who work with the student on problems with speech and language
Adapted Physical Education Teachers, who are specially trained PE teachers who work along with the OT and PT to develop an exercise program to help students with disabilities
Other Therapists (Massage Therapists, Music Therapists, etc.)
Orthopedic ImpairmentAccommodations
Devices to Access Information: These assistive technology devices focus on aiding the student to access the educational material. These devices include: speech recognition software screen reading software augmentative and alternative communication devices (such as
communication boards) academic software packages for students with disabilitiesDevices for Positioning and Mobility: These assistive technology devices focus on helping the student participate in educational activities. These devices include: canes walkers crutches wheelchairs specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture
development
Orthopedic ImpairmentAssistive Technologies
Primo! is a popular, easy-to-use, affordable dynamic
device providing remote control of the immediate environment to give independence and reassurance for users and caregivers. Every Primo! system is tailored to meet the exact needs of each individual and can be adapted as users’ needs change.
Primo's! functionality also extends to the operation of enabling access to the internet, email, electronic media, and desktop applications. Primo! can also provide full access to, and control of, communication aids giving freedom of expression and increased independence.
Assistive TechnologyPrimo! Touchscreen
Primo! can be used as a simple system providing
a limited number of functions or can be configured to control a comprehensive environmental control system incorporating remote control telephones, intercoms as well as many other items.
Primo! is quick and simple to set up and enables easy user adjustments for volume brightness and scan speeds. Users may operate the Primo! by touching individual cells, any part of the screen, or external switch.
Primo! TouchscreenEnvironmental Control Unit
Remote Control of: TV, DVD, Digital, Satellite, and cable set top
boxes Lights Curtains/Blinds* Telephone* Intercom and Doors* Emergency contact - via phone, pager, alarm* Bed, Riser/Recliner Chair Communication Aids*
Primo! TouchscreenEnvironmental Control Unit
Can be programmed to perform over 179 functions Easy to use, full on-board programming, no tools
or hardware required Built-in infrared capture Macros (scenes) fully editable with up to 20
functions per macro Changeable telephone numbers and basic
functions User-adjustable volume, brightness, and scan rate Custom template design, 18 "get started" device
templates – Satellite, DVD, bed, etc.
Primo! TouchscreenEnvironmental Control Unit
http://
www.ablenetinc.com/Assistive-Technology/Environmental-Control-Units-ECU/Primo
Primo! Environmental Control Unit $2700
Primo! Touchscreen
http://www.ablenetinc.com/Assistive-Technology/Enviro
nmental-Control-Units-ECU/Primo
Gargiulo, R.M. (2006). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Turnbull, A., Turnbull, R. & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2007). Exceptional lives: Special education in today's schools. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
http://www.projectidealonline.org/orthopedicImpairments.php
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