specification b foundation tier unit 2 section...

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This paper is to be given out after Section A has beencollected in.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

Resource folder.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Use black ink or black ball-point pen.Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.Answer all parts of this question.Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.If additional space is required you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question.You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication used in your answer that involves extended writing (Part C).In addition, your ability to spell, punctuate and use grammar accurately will be assessed in your answer to Part C.

CJ*(S13-4242-02)

Surname

Other Names

CandidateNumber

0

CentreNumber

GCSE

4242/02

GEOGRAPHYSPECIFICATION BFOUNDATION TIERUNIT 2SECTION B

A.M. WEDNESDAY, 12 June 2013

1 hour 30 minutes

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

For examiner’s use only

Part A

Part B

Part C

Total Marks

023

026

411

460

BLANK PAGE

(4242-02)© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

2

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Part A

You are advised to spend about 25 minutes on this part.

Part A examines the climate of Bauchi and its effects on people.

(a) Study the maps on page 2 of the separate Resource Folder.

Complete the passage below to describe the location of Bauchi. Circle the correct answers in the following passage. [3]

Bauchi State is in Mali / Nigeria / Mauritania.

It is in the north-east / south-west / north-west of that country.

The rivers Jamaare and Hadejia / Yobe / Misau flow through Bauchi State.

Bauchi is located in West Africa. The people who live there are being affected by the growth of desert conditions (desertification).

Marks

Part A: examines the climate of Bauchi and its effects on people. 23

Part B: considers options for responding to desert growth (desertification) in Bauchi 26

Part C: asks you to choose one option to respond to desert growth in Bauchi. 15

Total marks 64

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(b) A climate graph for Bauchi, the capital city of Bauchi state.

(i) Complete the graph below to show that May has 75 mm of rainfall. [1]

Jan5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

Average maximum temperaturePrecipitation

prec

ipita

tion

(mm

)

aver

age

max

imum

tem

pera

ture

(°C)

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

(ii) Complete the passage below to describe the climate of Bauchi. Select from the list below. [3]

July 9 12 March 6 August

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The highest monthly rainfall at Bauchi is 287 mm in the month of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There is a dry season of five months between November and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Average daily temperatures vary according to the amount of rainfall. The annual range

of average daily temperature is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ° centigrade (C).


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(iii) Northern parts of Bauchi state are semi desert. Complete the following heads and tails to explain some effects of living in a hot,

dry climate. One has been done for you. [3]

Afternoon temperatures are over 28°C so people risk water-borne disease

Water is scarce for farming so manual work is difficult

Clean drinking water supply is irregular so farm animals dehydrate

Water holes often dry up so crop yields are low

A drought is a period when much less water than normal is available for use.

(c) Study the graph on page 3 of the separate Resource Folder.

Describe the pattern of rainfall between 1930 and 2007. [3] Use figures in your answer.

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(d) Frequent droughts can cause deserts to grow. Activities like those below make desert growth even more likely. Activities like:

1. overgrazing by farm animals 2. deforestation

3. using fossil fuels in power stations 4. use of poor irrigation techniques

(i) Select one of the above activities to explain how local people may speed up the growth of deserts. [1]

Activity number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Explanation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Select one of the activities above to explain how people outside the local area may speed up the growth of deserts. [1]

Activity number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Explanation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Suggest how the growth of deserts may affect the quality of life of people in areas like Bauchi. [3]

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(e) Study the table on page 3 of the separate Resource Folder. It shows a range of development indicators for Bauchi and Nigeria as a whole.

(i) Gross National Product (GNP) per person is a measure of wealth. Explain why GNP per person may be accepted as a useful measure of the

development of a place. [1]

(ii) Use evidence from the table to compare the quality of life in Bauchi to Nigeria as a whole. [4]

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Part B


Part B considers options for responding to desert growth (desertification) in Bauchi.

(a) An international option: planting the Great Green Wall of trees.

Study the information on page 4 of the separate Resource Folder.

(i) Use information from the map to complete the passage below. [3]

The great Green Wall of trees will stretch from Ethiopia in the east

to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the west.

Its straight line length from X to Y will be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kilometres.

It is intended to protect areas to the south of the ‘wall’ from the growth of

the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Desert.

(ii) Use evidence to suggest why some people feel the Great Green Wall will fail to prevent the growth of the desert. [2]

(iii) Choose two statements from beneath the map that suggest the ‘wall’ will have a positive effect on the lives of people. Explain how they will help. [4]

First statement: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Explanation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second statement: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Explanation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

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(b) A national government option: a proposal to build the Kafin Zaki Dam creating a reservoir.


(i) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of the dam. [2]

Advantage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disadvantage: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain why different groups of farmers might think differently about the building of a new dam. [3]

(iii) Which area on the diagram is likely to suffer most from future desertification? Explain your choice. [3]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

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(4242-02)

(c) A local community option: Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) aided self-help projects.


(i) One advantage of the project is that villagers can now send children to school. Explain why this is an advantage. [1]

(ii) Choose one disadvantage of the project. Explain why it is a disadvantage. [2]

(d) (i) Study the pie charts on page 7 of the separate Resource Folder.

What do they tell you about the willingness of farmers to get involved in new projects? [3]

(ii) Suggest why villagers who change their farming practices are more likely to withstand the effects of desertification. [3]

End of Part B

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

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Part C


Part C asks you to choose one option to respond to desert growth in Bauchi.

The options are:

1. An international option: a proposal to extend the Great Green Wall

2. A national government option: a proposal to build the Kafin Zaki Dam

3. A local community option: NGO aided self-help projects

Use the Factfile on page 8 of the separate Resource Folder to complete the following matrix to help you organise some ideas.

One line of the matrix has been completed for you.

You should spend about 15 minutes completing the matrix.

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

11


Opt

ion

Fact

Doe

s th

is f

act

supp

ort

the

option

(Y/

N). W

hy?

Inte

rnat

iona

l:

The

Gre

atGr

een

Wal

l

Mos

t la

nd in

rur

al a

reas

is n

eede

d fo

r cr

ops

(N) B

ecau

se p

lant

ing

with

tre

es w

ill r

educ

e la

nd

avai

labl

e fo

r cr

op p

rodu

ctio

n.

Mos

t m

oney

nee

ded

com

es f

rom

out

side

of

Nig

eria

The

sch

eme

enco

urag

es in

tern

atio

nal

co-o

pera

tion

Nat

iona

l:

The

Kaf

in Z

aki

Dam

Live

s of

10

mill

ion

peop

le p

ut a

t ri

sk a

s ri

ver

drie

s up

dow

nstr

eam

The

pro

ject

wou

ld p

rovi

de o

ver

one

mill

ion

new

jobs

The

cos

t of

the

dam

is a

roun

d U

S $1

17 m

illio

n

Loca

l:

NGO

aid

edse

lf-h

elp

proj

ects

Villa

gers

wor

k to

geth

er

Effe

cts

are

smal

l sca

le a

nd lo

cal

The

vill

ager

s co

ntri

bute

no

mon

ey, j

ust

work

12

(4242-02) Turn over.© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Use the information in your matrix on page 12 to help you write a letter to the Governor of Bauchi state. You should also use information from other parts of this paper and ideas of your own.

You should advise which one option is best to respond to desertification.

Your ability to spell, punctuate and use grammar accurately will be assessed in your answer to Part C.

You should:

• explain why you have chosen this option

• explain why your choice is better than the other two options.

To the Governor of Bauchi state

I am writing to advise you to support:

Tick (√)

An international option: The Great Green Wall

A national option: The Kafin Zaki Dam

A local community option: NGO aided self-help projects

Tick (√) your chosen option. [11+4]

I have chosen this because

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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End of Part C

END OF PAPER

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© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (4242-02) Turn over.

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16

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

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4242

02A

001

CJ*(S13-4242-02A)

GCSE

4242/02-A

GEOGRAPHYSPECIFICATION BRESOURCE FOLDER UNIT 2, SECTION BFOUNDATION TIER

A.M. WEDNESDAY, 12 June 2013

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

RESOURCE FOLDERThis folder is for use with questions in Unit 2, Section B Foundation Tier.This folder need not be handed in with your answer.

How should Bauchi manage desertification?

A local community option: self-help irrigation project

An international option: planting theGreat Green Wall

A national option: building theKafin Zaki Dam

(4242-02A)

2

The location of Bauchi State

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

AtlanticOcean

0 500 1000km

MALI

N

BURKINAFASO

NIGER

NIGERIA

CHAD

MAURITANIA

YOBESTATE

BORNOSTATE

KANOSTATE

JIGAWASTATE

BAUCHISTATE

ChallawaGorge Dam

Kano

JosBauchi

Nguru

Hadejia

Katagum

Tiga Dam

Proposed Kafin Zaki

Dam

Kanoriver

irrigation

Hadejiavalley

irrigation Hadejia-Nguruwetlands

LakeChadArea

Yobe R.

Hadejia R.

Misau R

.Jam

aare

R.

KEYriver

0 50km

seasonal river

wetlands

irrigation project

reservoir

proposed reservoir

cities

state boundariesinternationalboundaries

N

ejj

AFRICA

SENEGAL

Turn over.

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3

–100

–150

–50

0

50

100

150

1930 1940 1950 1960

Year

Rain

fall

(mm

)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

How rainfall has varied in Bauchi compared with average annual rainfall

Indicators of development for the whole of Nigeria and Bauchi state

Source: Human Development Report Nigeria 2008-2009 UNDP

Indicator Bauchi State Nigeria

Gross National Product(GNP) per person $US 167 1157

Adult literacy % 38.7 64.2

Life expectancy at birth 50 50

Access to improveddrinking water % 35.2 49.1

(4242-02A)

4

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

trees prevent sand movement

people in rural areas usetrees for firewood

trees help to keep moisturein the soil

some people water theircrops rather than the trees

The Great Green Wall

KEY

“Great Green Wall”

hot desert

SENEGAL

MAURITANIAMALI

BURKINAFASO

NIGERIA

NIGER

A A S A H A R AR ARR A D E S E R TD R DD DA R A B I A N D E S E R T

CHAD SUDAN ERITREA

ETHIOPIA

DJIBOUTI

0 1000km

semi desert

Total area: 11,662,500 hectares

savannah

rain forest

Great Green Wall

The Great Green Wall is a project developed by the African Union toreduce desertification. The project aims to create a green belt of trees and otherplants as shown on the map.

N

XY

© w

ww

.loe.

org

Turn over.(4242-02A)

5

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Option 2: A national government option: A proposal to build the Kafin Zaki Dam

Dam

Area on shoresof reservoir

some farms flooded reliable water supply unreliable water supplyadvantages

disadvantages

Key

river no longerfloods annually

2 or 3 crops a year

cash crops

fish added to diet

Area justdownstream of dam

Area fardownstream of dam

(4242-02A)

6

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Charities help bring new farming methods to some Bauchi villages

Image: www.absoluteloveforchildren.org

Seed of new crop varieties can be expensive to buy

Profits from sale ofcrops are invested in

the new methods

New deep wells havebeen drilled for

irrigation

Villagers can nowafford to educate

their children

Villagers need tolearn new farming

methods

Not all villagers aremembers of this new

project

Turn over.(4242-02A)

7

0%

50%60%

70%

10%

20%

30%

40%

80%

90%

YES

NO

UNSURE

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Willingness of villagers to change farming practices in response to drought and desertification

Willingness to reduce herd sizes: Farmers in a village were asked if they would be willing to reduce the numbers of animals they farm.

Willingness to change crop types: Farmers in a village were asked if they would be willing to change to higher yielding and drought resistant crops.

0%

50%60%

70%

10%

20%

30%

40%

80%

90%

YES

NO

UNSURE

(4242-02A)

8

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Factfile

International: the Great Green Wall

• Mostlandinruralareasisneededforcrops

• MostmoneyneededcomesfromoutsideofNigeria

• Theschemeencouragesinternationalco-operation

National: the Kafin Zaki Dam

• Livesof10millionpeopleputatriskasriverdriesup downstream

• Theprojectwouldprovideoveronemillionnewjobs

• ThecostofthedamisaroundUS$117million

Local: NGO aided self-help projects

• Villagersworktogether

• Effectsaresmallscaleandlocal

• Thevillagerscontributenomoney,justwork

specification b foundation tier unit 2 section...

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