specification and description language lecture 5 sdl department of software engineering
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Specification and Description Language
Lecture 5SDL
Department of Software Engineering
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Summary What is SDL
Intro History Goal SDL Characteristics
SDL Structure Example Glossary References
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IntroductionWhat is SDL
When designing, languages are used to formalize, partition and
structure the concept, so that it can be divided into more easily implemented pieces. Formal languages are often used to communicate between design engineers.
A key feature is that SDL is used for specification, design and implementation thus avoiding errors introduced when converting between different languages for different phases. It also combines the power of expression and communication of graphical presentation with the formality required to carry out thorough analysis.
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What is SDL SDL is used to apply to System Design Languages (in
particular the ITU specification and description language and other related languages such as ASN.1( Abstract Syntax Notation One ), MSC(Message Sequence Charts ) and TTCN (Tree and Tabular Combined Notation) from ITU and UML from OMG.
SDL (Specification and Description Language) is an object-oriented, formal language developed and standardized by The International Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
SDL is a broad-spectrum language that can be used from requirements capture to implementation.
proposed for the specification of complex, event-driven, real-time, and interactive application involving many concurrent activities that communicate using discrete signals
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What is SDL
SDL describe the architecture, behaviour and data of distributed systems in realtime environments
Useful for specifying the normative(THINGS LIKE TO BE) requirements of telecommunications protocol standards
Wide spectrum language - specification to implementation
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History 1968 Development of SDL arose out of an ITU study
started of the way to handle stored programmed control switching systems.
1972 Result of this study was to agree in 1972 that languages were needed for specification, programming and human machine interaction.
1976 First pre-release :The first, small SDL standard was produced in 1976 as the language for specification
1980-1984Graphics, process semantics, structure, data,definition more thorough, start of tools, user guide
1988 SDL88, the first standard
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History 1992 SDL92, MSC [ VDM (alias Meta IV) to underpin
the natural language description].
intro of OO and methodology guidelines
1995 SDL with ASN.1
1999 SDL-2000 MSC-2000 Object modelling supportImproved implementation support
2001 SDL-2001 Meeting UML
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Application area
Type of systems:
Type of information: Level of abstraction:
Real time Interactive Distributed Heterogeneous (diverse number of other areas ranging over aircraft, train control, medical )
Behavior, structure Overview to details
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Use of SDL
SDL(and MSC)
Interpreted as
C++ etc.
Product
used tocreate
used toproduce
SpecificationIdeas
Customer
modelled byDesign
Engineers
Design
Implementation Software
Engineers
modelled by
made as
executesas
Interpreted as
Tools
transformed by
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Goals
Provide a better way to describe behavior
Support human communication and understanding
Easy verification conformance of implementation of specifications
Design optimization Analyzing specifications for
completeness and correctness
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Goals
Use of computer based tools to create, maintain and analyze specifications
Formal high quality descriptions produced better, quicker and cheaper
Provide to programmers an easy way to do verification, validation of the design, failure testing, automatic documentation and simplified maintenance
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SDL Characteristics
Graphical form Based on communicating processes OO description of components Nonproprietary internationally
standardized language Formality and clarity High degree of testability Portable, scalable (upgraded easily and for
a long time ) , open, reusable
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Examples
Cellular phones Switches GPRS (General-Packet Radio Service UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System )
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network )
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SDL & others languages
SDL is well suited to be the core of full-scale projects because of its abilities to interface with other languages.
UML
MSC ASN.1
TTCN
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SDL Structure (MORE DETAIL) Comprises four main hierarchical levels:
System Block Process Procedure
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SDL Structure (MORE DETAIL)
A system contains one or more blocks, interconnected with each other and with the boundary of the system by channels
The block is the main structuring concept
A block can be partitioned into sub-blocks and channels A channel is a means of conveying signals Channels connected to a block are connected to signal routes within the block Signal routes carry the signals sent by a process
instance of the set to which the route is connected
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System In SDL/GR the system definition is called system diagram A system diagram usually contains the following elements:
1. system name (Daemongame )2. signal descriptions (for the types of signals
interchanged between the blocks of the system or between the blocks and the environment; Newgame, Probe, etc)
3. channel descriptions (for the channels connecting the blocks of the system to one another and to the environment of the system; Daemonserver, etc.);
4. data type descriptions (for the user defined data types, visible in the whole system and its environment; there are no user defined data types);
5. block descriptions (for the blocks into which the system is partitioned; the system contains only one block: Blockgame)
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System
A signal definition contains a signal name and the types of values conveyed by the signal (the signal Score can convey a value of the type Integer).
Definitions written in the textual syntax (such as the description of signals and user defined data types) are placed inside a text symbol in SDL/GR.
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Block
A block is a part of the system that can be treated as a self-contained object
c_ins
c_outt
P
1(1)block B
routrin
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Block A block diagram usually contains the following elements:
1. block name (Blockgame )2. signal descriptions or the signals local to the block,
i.e. not visible outside the block; (Gameover, Gameoverack )
3. signal route descriptions (for the signal routes connecting the processes of the block to one another and to the environment of the block; in R1, R2, etc.);
4. channel-to-route connections (the specification of the connections between the channels external to the block and the signal routes internal to the block; Daemonserver to R4, etc.):
5. process descriptions (for the process types that describe the behaviour of the block; Monitor, Game).
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Process A process in SDL is an extended finite state machine [The transition can be expressed by an “if statement” consisting of a set of
trigger conditions. If trigger conditions are all satisfied, the transition is fired, bringing the machine from the current state to the next state and performing the specified data operations.The behavior of a finite state machine is described by states and transitions]
A process description is given through a process diagram
In SDL there are five basic constructs for the description of a process
task
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Process
A process diagram usually contains the following elements:1. Process name2. Formal parameters3. Variable descriptions4. Process graph 5. Procedure Descriptions6. Timer descriptions
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Process Example
Process P
dcl c character;
procedure proc;
c
Proc
FPAR v1 Integer
Proc
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2
3
4
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c
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Procedure The procedure construct in SDL is similar to the one
known from programming languages
A procedure is a finite state machine[the transition is associated
with a set of input Boolean conditions and a set of output Boolean functions] within a process. It is created when a procedure call is interpreted, and it dies when it terminates
A procedure description is similar to a process description, with some exceptions.
The start symbol is replaced by the procedure start symbol
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Procedure
A return symbol is introduced:
When a procedure is running, the calling process or procedure is suspended in the transition containing the procedure call
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Describing behavior with SDL
The behaviour of a system is constituted by the combined behaviour of the processes in the system
A process is defined as finite state machine, that works autonomously and concurrently with other processes
A process reacts to external stimuli in accordance with its description
A process is either in a state waiting, or performs a transition between two states
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Describing behavior with SDL
The co-operation between the processes is performed asynchronously by discrete messages called signals
Every process has an infinite input queue associated, which acts like a FIFO queue
Any signal arriving at the process is put into its input queue
A
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Describing behavior with SDL
When a signal has initiated a transition, it is removed from the input queue
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Process Addressing Every process has a unique address
The address is not determined by the user, but is rather created by some abstract SDL machine during the creation of a process
For any signal sent by a process there must be one and only one destination
Destination can be specified: Implicitly explicitly
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Explicit Addressing
SDL has the TO construct for the explicit addressing of processes
The keyword TO is used in an output, and it is followed by an expression containing the address of the destination process
A
TO P2_ADDRESS
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Implicit Addressing
The explicit specification of a destination address is not necessary if the destination is uniquely defined by the system structure
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Process Creation/Termination
Processes can be created by other processes dynamically at interpretation time
This is indicated in a block diagram by a dashed line from the creating process to the created process
The creating and created process must belong to the same block
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Process Creation/Termination
A
P2(A,true)
S2
S1
Process P1
Process P2
dcl v3 Integer
V3 = v1 * 2
v3
FPAR v1 Integer, v2 Boolean
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Glossary ASN.1
Abstract data type CCITT
Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique; the former name of ITU-T
FSMFinite state machine
IDLInterface description language; textual representation that enables
designers to capture interfaces and data types of objects IPC
Interprocess communication ITU
International Telecommunications Union OMG
Object Modeling Technique; a notation for capturing requirements with object analysis
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Glossary
ITU-TTelecommunications standardization body
OMTObject Modeling Technique; a notation for capturing
requirements with object analysis
SDL-GRGraphical notation for SDL
SDL-PRTextual notation for SDL
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References SDL Forum Society http://www.sdl-forum.org
Specification and Description Language Tutorialhttp://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/sdl/
SDL 2001: Meeting UML10th International SDL ForumCopenhagen, Denmark, June 2001ProceedingsRick Reed, Jeanne ReedEd Springer
Documenting Software Architecture: Documenting Behaviorhttp://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/02.reports/02tn001.htmlBachmann, Bass, Clements, Garlan, Ivers, Little, Nord, Stafford
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References SAM work shop
SDL & MSC workshop (open discussion platform)http://www.irisa.fr/manifestations/2000/sam2000/papers.html
SDL Shapes Name
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The table below gives the shape names and the corresponding node shapes.
The End