specific heat capacity · 2019. 1. 28. · •specific heat capacity (c) of a substance is the...
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Bell Ringer
• Quiz 5 on carbon, clear your desk
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Understanding Heat Transfer,
Conduction, Convection and
Radiation
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Heat Transfer
• Heat always moves from a warmer place to
a cooler place.
• Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to
room temperature.
• Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up
to room temperature.
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Question
• If a cup of coffee and a red popsickle were
left on the table in this room what would
happen to them? Why?
• The cup of coffee will cool until it reaches
room temperature. The popsickle will melt
and then the liquid will warm to room
temperature.
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Heat Transfer Methods
• Heat transfers in three ways:
–Conduction
–Convection
–Radiation
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Conduction
When you heat a metal strip at one end, the heat
travels to the other end.
As you heat the metal, the particles vibrate, these
vibrations make the adjacent particles vibrate, and so on
and so on, the vibrations are passed along the metal and
so is the heat. We call this? Conduction
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Metals are different
The outer e______ of metal atoms drift, and are free to move.
When the metal is heated, this ‘sea of electrons’ gain k_____ energy and transfer it throughout the metal.
Insulators, such as w___ and p____, do not have this ‘sea of electrons’ which is why they do not conduct heat as well as metals.
lectrons
inetic
ood lastic
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Why does metal feel colder than wood, if they
are both at the same temperature?
Metal is a conductor, wood is an insulator. Metal
conducts the heat away from your hands. Wood
does not conduct the heat away from your hands as
well as the metal, so the wood feels warmer than
the metal.
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Convection
What happens to the particles in a liquid or a
gas when you heat them?
The particles spread out and become less dense.
This effects fluid movement.What is a fluid?A liquid or gas.
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Fluid movement
Cooler, more d____, fluids sink through w_____, less dense fluids.
In effect, warmer liquids and gases r___ up.
Cooler liquids and gases s___.
ensearmer
ise
ink
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Water movement
Hot water
risesCooler
water sinks
Convection
current
Cools at the
surface
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Why is it windy at the seaside?
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Cold air sinks
Where is the freezer
compartment put in a fridge?
Freezer compartment
It is put at the top, because cool air sinks, so it cools the food on the way down.
It is warmer at the
bottom, so this warmer air rises and a convection current is
set up.
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The third method of heat transfer
How does heat energy get
from the Sun to the Earth?There are no particles
between the Sun and the
Earth so it CANNOT
travel by conduction or
by convection.
?RADIATION
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Radiation
Radiation travels in straight lines
True/False
Radiation can travel through a vacuum
True/False
Radiation requires particles to travel
True/False
Radiation travels at the speed of light
True/False
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Emission experiment
Four containers were filled with warm water. Which
container would have the warmest water after ten minutes?
Shiny metal
Dull metal
Dull black
Shiny black
The __________ container would be the warmest after ten
minutes because its shiny surface reflects heat _______ back
into the container so less is lost. The ________ container
would be the coolest because it is the best at _______ heat
radiation.
shiny metal
radiationdull black
emitting
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Absorption experiment
Four containers were placed equidistant from a heater. Which
container would have the warmest water after ten minutes?
The __________ container would be the warmest after ten
minutes because its surface absorbs heat _______ the best.
The _________ container would be the coolest because it is
the poorest at __________ heat radiation.
dull blackradiation
shiny metal
absorbing
Shiny metal
Dull metal
Dull black
Shiny black
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Convection questions
Why are boilers placed beneath hot water
tanks in people’s homes?
Hot water rises.
So when the boiler heats the water, and the hot water
rises, the water tank is filled with hot water.
Why does hot air rise and cold air sink?
Cool air is more dense than warm air, so the
cool air ‘falls through’ the warm air.
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Radiation questions
Why are houses painted white in hot countries?
White reflects heat radiation and keeps the house cooler.
Why are shiny foil blankets wrapped around marathon
runners at the end of a race?
The shiny metal reflects the heat radiation from the runner
back in, this stops the runner getting cold.
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1. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?
A. Radiation
B. Insulation
C. Conduction
D. Convection
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2. In which of the following are the particles closest together?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Fluid
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3. How does heat energy reach the Earth from the Sun?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Insulation
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4. Which is the best surface for reflecting heat radiation?
A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
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5. Which is the best surface for absorbing heat radiation?
A. Shiny white
B. Dull white
C. Shiny black
D. Dull black
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Your turn…
• Practice and more practice..
• Home learning: book outline pg 603-4
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Day 2
• Bell ringer: please balance the following equation:
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Specific Heat Capacity
Or the amount of energy needed to heat substances up
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• Specific Heat Capacity can be thought of as a measure of how much heat energy is needed to warm the substance up.
• You will possibly have noticed that it is easier to warm up a saucepan full of oil than it is to warm up one full of water.
http://www.cookware-manufacturer.com/photo/418fa6490f24202f2cc5b5feee0fdde3/Aluminum-Saucepan.jpg
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• Specific Heat Capacity (C) of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of the substance by 1oC (or by 1 K).
• The units of specific heat capacity are J oC-1 g-1
or J K-1 g-1. Sometimes the mass is expressed in kg so the units could also be J oC-1 g-1 or
J K-1 kg-1
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• The next table shows how much energy it takes to heat up some different substances.
• The small values show that not a lot of energy is needed to produce a temperature change, whereas the large values indicate a lot more energy is needed.
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• Approximate values in J / kg °K of the Specific Heat Capacities of some substances are:Air 1000 Lead 125Aluminium 900 Mercury 14Asbestos 840 Nylon 1700 Brass 400 Paraffin 2100 Brick 750 Platinum 135 Concrete 3300 Polythene 2200 Cork 2000 Polystyrene 1300 Glass 600 Rubber 1600 Gold 130 Silver 235 Ice 2100 Steel 450 Iron 500 Water 4200
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The amount of heat energy (q) gained or lostby a substance = mass of substance (m) Xspecific heat capacity (C) X change intemperature (ΔT)
q = m x C x ΔT
The equation:
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An example of a calculation using the specific heat capacity equation:
How much energy would be needed to heat 450 grams of copper metal from a temperature of 25.0ºC to a temperature of 75.0ºC?
(The specific heat of copper at 25.0ºC is 0.385 J/g ºC.)
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Explanation:
The change in temperature (ΔT) is:
75ºC - 25ºC = 50ºC
Given mass, two temperatures, and a specific heat capacity, you have enough values to plug into the specific heat equation
q = m x C x ΔT .
and plugging in your values you get
q = (450 g) x (0.385 J/g ºC) x (50.0ºC)
= 8700 J
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Your turn
• Practice
• Food project due
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Day 3
• What is the difference between a single replacement and a double replacement reaction?
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Lab Time
• Follow all directions, clean up after yourself and answer all the lab questions
• Lab discussion
• Home learning: book outline pg 575-579 and study for quiz 6 on specific heat