special topic seminar2

7/29/2019 Special Topic Seminar2

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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G)

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

With the rapid development of communication networks, it is expected that fourthgeneration mobile systems will be launched within decades. Fourth generation (4G) mobile

systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including GSM,

wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. The future of mobile communication is FAMOUS-Future

Advanced Mobile Universal Systems; 4G must be hastened, as some of the video applications

cannot be contained within 3G. Finally, this report describes how 4G mobile communication

can be used in any situation where an intelligent solution is required for interconnection of

different clients to networked applications over heterogeneous wireless networks. This reportgives the details about the need for mobile communication and its development in various

generations. In addition, the details about the working of 4G mobile communication were

given.

The problem with 3G wireless systems is bandwidth, these systems provide only

WAN coverage ranging from 144 kbps (for vehicle mobility applications) to 2 Mbps (for

indoor static applications). Segue to 4G, the next dimension of wireless communication. The

4g wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and smart antenna.

Data rate of 20mbps is employed. Mobile speed will be up to 200km/hr. Frequency band is 2

8 GHz. it gives the ability for worldwide roaming to access cell anywhere.

The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected

to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide

variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate

wireless channels. The features of 4G systems might be summarized with one word-

Integration. The 4G systems are about seamlessly integrating terminals, networks, and

applications to satisfy increasing user demands. The continuous expansion of mobile

communication and wireless networks shows evidence of exceptional growth in the areas of

mobile subscriber, wireless network access, mobile services, and applications.


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CHAPTER 2

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The radio telephone system contained one central antenna tower per region. Thecentral antenna required radio phones to have a powerful transmitter, capable of transmitting

up to 50 miles is OG. In 1G, Narrow band analogue wireless network is used, with this we

can have the voice calls and can send text messages then in case of 2G Narrow Band

Wireless Digital Network is used. Both the I G and 2G deals with voice calls and has to

utilize the maximum bandwidth as well as a limited till sending messages i.e. SMS. But the

greatest disadvantage as concerned to 1G is that with this we could contact with in the

premises of that particular nation, where as in case of 2G the roaming facility a semi global

facility is available. Then the point to be noted is that 3G gives clarity of voice as well can

talk without any disturbance. Not only has these but also had entertainments such as Fast

Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video Conferencing, Video Calls, and Multi Media

Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-Gaming etc. are also available with 3G

phones.

Comparison of 3G Wireless Networks and 4G Wireless Networks:

Generation Time Period Definition Characteristics Speed

I (1G) 1980-1990 ANALOG Voice only 14.4 Kbps(peak)

II (2G) 1990-2006 DIGITAL narrowband circuit

data/packet data

Data along voice,MMS,

web browsing.

56 Kbps to 115Kbps

IV (3G) 2006-2011 Digital broadbandpacket data

Universal access,portability,video calling

5.8 mbps to14.4 Mbps

V (4G) Now(Upcoming) Digital broad bandpacket very high

throughput

HD streaming,portabilityincreased toworldwideroaming.

100 mbps to1 Gbps

Table 1: Comparison of l G to 4 G


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CHAPTER 3

VISION OF 4G

This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 3G

systems, perhaps in 5 to 10 years. Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a seamless

connection to a wide range of information and services, and receiving a large volume of

information, data, pictures, video, and so on, are the keys of the 4G infrastructures. The

future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks using IP (Internet protocol)

as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose every

application and environment. Based on the developing trends of mobile communication, 4G

will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will

focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of wireless systems and networks. The

key concept is integrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile technologies

through advanced technologies. Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are the

main features of 4G services of interest to users.

These features mean services can be delivered and be available to the personal

preference of different users and support the users' traffic, air interfaces, radio environment,

and quality of service. Connection with the network applications can be transferred into

various forms and levels correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this

pool of information will be the mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly access the

voice communication, high-speed information services, and entertainment broadcast services.

Figure 1 illustrates elements and techniques to support the adaptability of the 4G

domain. The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to

private; operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G

systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband)

broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet. Thisall-encompassing integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth

generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cellular

3G and 3G systems to WLL (wireless local loop) and FWA (fixed wireless access) to WLAN

(wireless local area network) and PAN (personal area network),all with IP as the integrating

mechanism. With 4G, a range of new services and models will be available. These services

and models need to be further examined for their interface with the design of 4G systems.

Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate the key elements and the seamless connectivity of the networks.


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Figure 3.1: 4G visions

Figure 3.2: seamless connections of networks

Figure 3.3: key elements of 4G visions


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CHAPTER 4

4G TECHNOLOGY

When talking about 4G, question comes to our mind is what is 4G Technology. 4G isshort for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G Technology is basically the extension in

the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. But at this time

nobody exactly knows the true 4G definition. 4G technology concerns. One of the main

concerns about 4G is that due to high speed of the Frequency, it will experience severe

interference from multipath secondary signals reflecting off other objects. To counter this

problem, a number of solutions have been proposed, including use of a variable spreading

factor and orthogonal frequency code-division multiplexing some people say that 4Gtechnology is the future technologies that are mostly in their maturity period. WiMAX or

mobile structural design will become progressively more translucent, and therefore the

acceptance of several architectures by a particular network operator ever more common.

4.1 4G Possibilities

4G Technology offers high data rates that will generate new trends for the market and

prospects for established as well as for new telecommunication businesses. After successfulimplementation,4G technologies is likely to enable ubiquitous computing, that will

simultaneously connects to numerous high date speed networks offers faultless handoffs all

over the geographical regions.

Figure 4.1: Growth Comparison for 3G and 4G


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Enhanced Mobile Gaming-Experience enhanced wireless capabilities that deliver

mobile gaming interaction with latency less than five milliseconds. Virtual Presence -Use

hologram-generating virtual reality programs that provide an artificial presence just about

anywhere.

4.2 4G Access Options

The communication industry is undergoing cost saving programs reflected by

slowdown in the upgrade or overhaul of the infrastructure, while looking for new ways to

provide services and features with the infrastructures like (World Interoperability for

Microwave Access) -WiMAX. There are two main applications of Wi MAX: Fixed WiMAX

(IEEE 802 .16)Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of

last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes and

businesses. Mobile WiMAX (IEEE8 02 .16) - Mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of

cellular networks at true broadband speeds.

4.3 WIMAX Adoption

Fixed WiMAX Adoption

Fixed WiMAX provides greater benefits for developing countries that do not already have

physical infrastructure to support wired broadband access.

Figure4.2: Fixed WiMAX architecture Mobile


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Mobile WiMAX Adoption

Mobile WiMAX equipment testing typically takes between 12 to 18 months before the

equipment is introduced to the consumer market.

Figure4.3: Mobile WiMAX Architecture

4.4 WiMAX VS Wi-Fi:

WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing slightly different needs.

WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like service with guaranteed

performance to larger public areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today. Wi-Fi uses

shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it ideal for low-cost.

4.5 Architectural Changes in 4G Technologies

In 4G architecture, focus is on the aspect that multiple networks are able to function in

such a way that interfaces are transparent to users and services. However 3G networks and

few others, packet switching is employed for delay insensitive data transmission services.

Wireless networks and with wire line networks. Emergence of a true IP over the air

technology. Highly efficient use of wireless spectrum and resources. Flexible and adaptive

systems and networks.


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Figure 4.4: 4G Network architecture


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CHAPTER 5

FEATURES OF 4G

5.1 Key Features of 4G Technologies & Terminal Mobility

Some key features (mainly from the users point of view) of 4G networks are High

usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology. Support for multimedia services at

low transmission cost and integrated services. Finally, 4G systems also provide facilities for

integrated services. Users can use multiple services from any service provider at the same

time. To migrate current systems to 4G to provide wireless services at anytime and anywhere,

terminal mobility is a must in 4G infrastructures, terminal mobility allows mobile client to

roam across boundaries of wireless networks. There are two main issues in terminal mobility:

location management and handoff management. With the location management, the system

tracks and locates a mobile terminal for possible connection. Location management involves

handling all the information about the roaming terminals authentication information, and

Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities. On the other hand, handoff management maintains on-

going communications when the terminal roams.Fig.5.1. shows an example of horizontal and

vertical handoff. Horizontal handoff is performed when the terminal moves from one cell to

another cell within the same wireless system. Vertical handoff, however, handles the terminal

movement in two different wireless systems (e.g., from WLAN to GSM).

Figure 5.1: Vertical and Horizontal handoff of a mobile terminal.


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5.2 Main 4G Features

When It is still to estimate as to how many number of people have moved on from

2G to 3G , technology has come up with the latest of its type namely 4G.A successor of 2G

and 3G, 4G promises a downloading speed of 100 Mbps and is yet to shower its wonders on.

then with the case of Fourth Generation that is 4G in addition to that of the services of 3G

some additional features such as Multi-Media Newspapers, also to watch T.V programs with

the clarity as to that of an ordinary T.V. In addition, we can send Data much faster that that of

the previous generations.

5.3 Authentication and Key Agreement

For Example, GSM provides highly secured voice communication among users.

However, the exiting security schemes for wireless systems are inadequate for 4G networks.

The key concern in security designs for 4G networks is flexibility. As the existing security

schemes are mainly designed for specific services, such as voice service, they may not be

applicable to 4G environments that will consist of many heterogeneous systems. Moreover,

the key sizes and encryption and decryption algorithms of existing schemes are also fixed.

5.4 Companies that Make Available 4G Services In India:

It is the Reliance industry that has got 4G licence in the 22 circles of the country. It was

possible due to its adoption of the company Infotel. Airtel has got licence in four circles,

which include Kolkata. Other companies: BSNL (20 circles), Aircel (8circles), Tikona(5

circles), Qualcomm( 4 circles), MTNL( 2 circles), Auger( 1 circle). Even though Qualcomm

has got licence, it hasn't got spectrum yet.


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CHAPTER 6

COMPARISON OF 3G AND 4G ARCHITECTURE

3G is currently the worlds best connection method when it comes to mobile phones, and especially mobile Internet. 3G stands for 3rd generation as it is just that in terms of the

evolutionary path of the mobile phone industry. 4G means 4th generation. This is a set of

standard that is being developed as a future successor of 3G in the very near future. Both the

Figures below provide the key components of these two architectures.

Figure6.1: 3G architecture

Several key differences in a LTE network enable more flexibility in its architecture

than in a 3G. A functional representation of 3G network architecture is shown in Figure 1. In

this network, the Base Terminal Station (BTS)/Node Bs aggregate the radio access network

(RAN) traffic and transport it over a mobile backhaul network to the Radio NetworkControllers (RNCs)/Base Station Controller (BSCs). Typically this transport is over T1/E1

copper facilities. If fibre is available at or near the cell site, then the cell traffic is transported

over SDH/SONET rings or, more recently, a carrier Ethernet network when the eNodeBs are

equipped with IP/Ethernet interfaces. The bearer traffic from a number of RNCs/BSCs is

multiplexed at the Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) and then transported via

direct tunnelling to the Gateway GPRS Serving Nodes (GGSNs) in the hub data centre. This

transport is normally over a SDH/SONET ring or a carrier Ethernet network. This tieredaggregation and transport structure lends itself to a point-to-point network topology to


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minimize both the amount of aggregation equipment required and the transport backhaul

expense. In a 3G pre-Release 8 network, the RNCs and SGSNs are designed to support both

the signalling and bearer plane processing and bandwidth requirements. The emphasis in the

design for these network elements is in providing the processing necessary to support the

high subscriber counts and Packet Data Protocol PDP contexts as the bandwidth requirements

for delivery of the initial 3G data services (text and e-mail) were not significant. Since the

data services that typically ran over these systems is not real-time neither QoS or latency was

an issue. Therefore, the placement of these elements is usually in locations that primarily

meet the PDP context and network latency requirements. Thus, the current 3G packet core

architecture is typically a centralized network design with the GGSNs deployed in major data

centres, and all the data services are backhauled from the SGSNs which are strategically

deployed in regional serving offices. Because the aggregate bandwidth for these services did

not increase significantly until the past few years, the backhaul transport costs were

manageable and could be supported with leased TDM or lower rate OC-n/STM-n interfaces.

Figure 6.2: 4G architecture

Above figure provides a high-level functional representation of a LTE/4G network.

This network is composed of three major sub-networks: the Evolved Universal Terrestrial

Radio Access Networks (eUTRAN),which provides the air interface and local mobility

management of the user equipment (UE), the evolved packet core (EPC), and the broadbandbackhaul network that provides the aggregation of celltraffic and transport back to the EPC.

The 3GPP LTE standards defined the EPC as a set of logical data and control plane functions

that can be implemented either asintegrated or as separate network elements. The four EPC

functions are: the Serving Gateway (SGW), the Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) that

supports the data orbearer traffic; and the Mobility Management Entity (MME) and the

Policy Charging and Rules Function (PCRF) which support the dynamic mobility

management andpolicy control traffic. The backhaul network either is owned by the wireless

operatoror is leased from a third party backhaul access provider.


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CHAPTER 7

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES USED IN 4G

1. OFDM2. Smart Antennas

3. Scheduling Among Users

7.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

OFDM, a form of multicarrier modulation, works by dividing the data stream for

transmission at a bandwidth B into N multiple and parallel bit streams, spaced B/N apart

(Figure ). Each of the parallel bit streams has a much lower bit rate than the original bitstream, but their summation can provide very high data rates. N orthogonal subcarriers

modulate the parallel bit streams, which are then summed prior to transmission.

Figure 7.1: OFDM

An OFDM transmitter accepts data from an IP network, converting and encoding the

data prior to modulation.An IFFT (inverse fast Fouriertransform) transforms the OFDM

signal into an IF analog signal, which is sent to the RF transceiver. The receiver circuit

reconstructs the data by reversing this process. With orthogonal subcarriers, the receiver can

separate and process each subcarrier without interference from other subcarriers. More

impervious to fading and multipath delays than other wireless transmission techniques,

ODFM provides better link and communication quality.

7.1.1 Error Correcting:


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4Gs errorcorrection will most likely use some type of concatenated coding and will

provide multiple Quality of Service (QoS) levels. Forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding

adds redundancy to a transmitted message through encoding prior to transmission. The

advantages of concatenated coding over convolutional coding are enhanced system

performance through the combining of two or more constituent codes into one concatenated

code. The combination can improve error correction or combine error correction with error

detection For example: For implementing an Automatic Repeat Request if an error is found.

FEC using concatenated coding allows a communications system to send larger block sizes

while reducing biterror rates.

7.2 Smart Antennas

A smart antenna system consists of multiple antenna elements with signal processing

to automatically optimize the antennas radiation (transmitter) and/or reception (receiver)

patterns in response to the signal environment. One smartantenna variation in particular,

MIMO, shows promise in 4G systems. MIMO (MultiInput MultiOutput) is a smart antenna

system where smartness is considered at both transmitter and the receiver. MIMO represents

spacedivision multiplexing (SDM)information signals are multiplexed on spatially

separated N multiple antennas and received on M antennas. Figure shows a general block

diagram of a MIMO system. Multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver

provide essentially multiple parallel channels that operate simultaneously on the same

frequency band and at the same time. This results in high spectral efficiencies in a rich

scattering environment (high multipath), since you can transmit multiple data streams or

signals over the channel simultaneously.

Figure 7.2 : Smart antenna

7.3 Scheduling among Users


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To optimize the system throughput, under specified QoS requirements and delay

constraints, scheduling will be used on different levels:

7.3.1 among sectors:

In order to cope with cochannel interference among neighbouring sectors in adjacent

cells, time slots are allocated according to the traffic load in each sector .Information on the

traffic load is exchanged infrequently via an inquiry procedure. In this way the interference

can be minimized and higher capacity be obtained. After an inquiry to adjacent cells, the

involved base stations determine the allocation of slots to be used by each base station in each

sector. The inquiry process can also include synchronization information to align the

transmission of packets at different base stations to further enhance performance.

7.3.2 among users:Based on the time slot allocation obtained from inquiry process, the user scheduler

will distribute timefrequency regions among the users of each sector based on their current

channel predictions. Here different degrees of sophistication can be used to achieve different

transmission goals.

CHAPTER 8


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DESIGN SPECIFICATION

The 3G technology provides both circuit design and packet design. Circuit design,

being the oldest, has greater ability to hold the connection for a longer duration. On the other

hand the packet design is a wireless technology and is the core part of internet data

transmission. The combination of these two patterns helps 3G technology to perform better

and faster. However, the 4G technology is kept free from circuit design with an intention to

gives nanosecond wings to data transfer and so has packet design only.

8.1 Data transmission rate (performance delivered)

3G system is based on wideband CDMA that operates in 5 MHz of bandwidth andcan produce download data rates of typically 384 kb/s under normal conditions and up to

2 Mb/s in some instances.3g phone standards have been expanded and enhanced to further

expand data speed and capacity. The WCDMA phones have added high speed packet access

(HSPA) that use higher level QAM modulation to get speeds up to 21 or 42 Mb/s downlink

(cell site to phone) and up to 7 and/or 14 Mb/s uplink (phone to cell site).whereas in 4G also

known as LTE uses a completely different radio technology. Instead of CDMA, it uses

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and OFDM access. This modulation

technique divides a channel usually 5, 10 or 20 MHz wide into smaller sub channels or

subcarriers each 15 kHz wide. Each is modulated with part of the data. The fast data is

divided into slower streams that modulate the subcarriers with one of several modulation

schemes like QPSK or 16QAM. It also defines multiple input multiple output (MIMO)

operation that uses several transmitter-receiver-antennas. The data stream is divided between

the antennas to boost speed and to make the link more reliable. Using OFDM and MIMO lets

LTE deliver data at a rate to 100 Mb/s downstream and 50 Mb/s upstream under the best

conditions. In 4G the theoretical upper data rate is 1 Gb/s. That remains to be seen in practice.

8.2 Quality of service:

In 3G, network based QoS depends on following factor to provide a satisfactorily

Service as: Throughput, Packet Loss Rate, Packet Loss Rate, reliability and delay. Where as

in 4G With respect to network quality, many telecommunications providers are promising

that there will be enhanced connectivity, and the quality of data that is transmitted across the

network will be of the highest possible quality. The main challenge that 4G networks arefacing is integrating non-IP-based and IP-based devices. It is known that devices that are not


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IP address based are generally used for services such as VoIP. On the other hand, devices that

are IP address based are used for data delivery. 4G networks will serve both types of devices.

8.3Service and Billing:

3G networks those are capable of supporting an ever-increasing variety of data

services from streaming video, to gaming, to proprietary business applications, to mobile

commerce transactions for tangible goods and services. However, as 3G finally makes it into

the mainstream, its success is inextricably linked to how the CSPs (Communications Service

Providers) charge and bill for services in ways that are both intuitive and acceptable to the

end user while also being relevant to the CSPs costs and billing capabilities where as in 4G

managing user accounts and billing them has become much more complicated with 4Gnetworks. This is mainly due to heterogeneity of 4G networks and the frequent interaction of

service providers.

8.4 Features and capabilities:

3G has features with Speed of mobile communication in 3G ranges from 600-800

Kbit/sec. Also it provides high quality wireless sound and facilitates with global roaming. It

accommodates distance surveillance and enables mobile TV whereas the ambitious goal of

4G is to allow everyone to access the Internet anytime and everywhere. The provided

connection to Internet will allow users to access all type of services including text, databases,

and multimedia. 4G will also provide higher bandwidth, data rate, lower authentication

overhead, and will ensure the service is constantly provided to the user without any

disruption.

Table 8.1: comparison between 3G and 4G.


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Table 8.2: comparison between 3G and 4G in detail.


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CHAPTER 9

APPLICATIONS OF 4G

9.1 4G Car

With the hype of 3G wireless in the rear view mirror, but the reality of truly mobile

broadband data seemingly too far in the future to be visible yet on the information super

highway, it may seem premature to offer a test drive 4G. But the good news is, 4G is finally

coming to a showroom near you.

9.2 4G and public safety

There are sweeping changes taking place in transportation and intelligent highways,

generally referred to as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS is comprised of a

number of technologies, including information processing, communications, control, and

electronics. Using these technologies with our transportation systems, and allowing first

responders access to them, will help prevent or certainly mitigate future disasters.

Communications, and the cooperation and collaboration it affords, is a key element of any

effective disaster response. Historically, this has been done with bulky handheld radios that

provide only voice to a team in a common sector. And this architecture is still cellular, with a

singular point of failure, because all transmissions to a given cell must pass through that one

cell. If the cell tower is destroyed in the disaster, traditional wireless service is eliminated. 4G

wireless eliminates this spokeandhub weakness of cellular architectures because the

destruction of a single node does not disable the network. Instead of a user being dependent

on a cell tower, that user can hop through other users in dynamic, self-roaming, selfhealing

rings. This is reason enough to make this technology available to first responders. But there is

more: mobility, streaming audio and video, highspeed Internet, realtime asset awareness,

geolocation, and inbuilding rescue support. All this at speeds that rival cable modems and

DSL. Combining 4G with ITS infrastructure makes both more robust. In 4G architectures, the

network improves as the number of users increases. ITS offers the network lots of users, and

therefore more robustness. Think of every light pole on a highway as a network element, a

user that is acting as a router/repeater for first responders traveling on those highways.

Think of every traffic light as a network element, ideally situated in the center of intersections


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with a 360degree view of traffic. This is the power of the marriage between 4G networks

and ITS

9.3 Sensors in public vehicle

Putting a chemical biological nuclear (CBN) warning sensor on every

governmentowned vehicle instantly creates a mobile fleet. As these vehicles go about

their daily duties of law enforcement, garbage collection, sewage and water maintenance,

etc., municipalities get the added benefit of early detection of CBN agents. The sensors on the

vehicles can talk to fixed devices mounted on light poles throughout the area, so positive

detection can be reported in real time. And since 4G networks can include inherent geo-

location without GPS, first responders will know where the vehicle is when it detects a CBN

agent.

9.4 Cameras in traffic light

Some major cities have deployed cameras on traffic lights and send those images back

to a central command centre. This is generally done using fiber, which limits where the

cameras can be hung, i.e., no fibre, no camera. 4G networks allow cities to deploy cameras

and backhaul them wirelessly. And instead of having to backhaul every camera, cities can

backhaul every third or fifth or tenth camera, using the other cameras as router/repeaters.

These cameras can also serve as fixed infrastructure devices to support the mobile sensor.

9.5 First responder route selection

Using fibre to backhaul cameras means that the intelligence collected flows one way:

from the camera to the command centre. Using a 4G network, those images can also be sent

from the command centre back out to the streets. Ambulances and fire trucks facing

congestion can query various cameras to choose an alternate route. Police, stuck in traffic on

major thoroughfares, can look ahead and make a decision as to whether it would be faster to

stay on the main roads or exit to the side roads.

9.6 Traffic control during disasters

4G networks can allow officials to access traffic control boxes to change inland traffic

lanes to green. Instead of having to send officers to every box on roads being overwhelmed

by civilians who are evacuating, it can all be done remotely, and dynamically.


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CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES OF 4G SYSTEMS

1. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital(broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless

Internet.

2. 4G in principle will allow high-quality smooth video transmission.

3. In 3G only very short music clips can be downloaded. 4G is likely to enable the download

of full length songs or music pieces which may change the market response dramatically.

Music rights will be a major issue to solve.

4. 3G and 4G Mobile operators have demanded products that will offer PC capabilities in a

PDA form factor.

5. Fourth-generation (4G) cellular services, intended to provide mobile data at rates of

100Mbits/sec or more.


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CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION

The future of mobile communication is in FAMOUS-(Future Advanced Mobile

Universal Systems). The data rates targeted are 20 MBPS. That will be the FOURTH

GENERATION 4G in the mobile communication technology. 4G must be hastened, as some

of the video applications cannot be contained within 3G.This report highlights that current

systems must be implemented with a view of facilitate to seamless integration into 4G

infrastructure. In order to cope with the heterogeneity of network services and standards,

intelligence close to end system is required to map the user application requests onto networkservices that are currently available. This requirement for horizontal communication between

different access technologies has been regarded as a key element for 4G systems. Finally, this

report describes how 4G mobile communication can be used in any situation where an

intelligent solution is required for interconnection of different clients to networked

applications over heterogeneous wireless networks.


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[2]Prof. D. U. Adokar, Priti J. Rajput, Wireless Evolution with 4G Technologies,

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and

Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 1, Issue 4, October 2012

[3]B.G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of 4G," Electronics &Communication

Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 293-303, Dec.2000.

[4]C. R. Casal, F. Schoute, and R. Prasald, "A novel concept for fourth generation

mobile multimedia com munication," in 50th Proc. IEEE Vehicular TechnologyConference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sep. 1999, Vol. 1, pp. 381-385.

[5]www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

[6]www.uscwc.com/4GReport
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://www.uscwc.com/4GReporthttp://www.uscwc.com/4GReporthttp://www.uscwc.com/4GReporthttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

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