special metals corp · oilfield – nace mr0175, api 6a718. aerospace alloy 718 maximum strength...
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Special Metals Corp:Nickel-Base Alloys for
High Performance Fasteners
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Special Metals CorporationPCC Energy Group of Companies
World leader in the design,development and productionof nickel-base and other highperformance alloys.
Most comprehensive rangeof alloys and product formsavailable from any onemanufacturer worldwide.
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Corporate Structure
Precision Castparts Corp.
PCC Forged Products
PCC Energy Group
Special Metals Corp.
Huntington Alloys
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Mill Product Forms
IngotBillet for forgingBarSheet/StripPlateWire RodSeamless TubingExtruded Shapes
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Melting / Refining / RemeltingVIM (Vacuum Induction Melting)AIM (Air Induction Melting)EAF (Electric Arc Furnace)AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization)ESR (Electro-Slag Remelting)VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelting)
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ProcessingForgingHot RollingCold RollingCold DrawingExtrusionCutting & Shearing
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SMC Alloy Markets
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Aerospace Manufacturerssupplied by Special Metals
General Electric
Pratt & Whitney
Rolls-Royce
Snecma
Turbomeca
Boeing
Airbus
Honeywell
MTU
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SMC Aerospace History
80% of aerospace nickelalloys were developedthe current SpecialMetals group ofcompanies
Vacuum melting ofnickel alloys waspioneered by SpecialMetals.
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Development of the jet engine by Sir Frank Whittle in theUnited Kingdom was greatly assisted by the simultaneousdevelopment of NIMONIC superalloys at Henry Wiggin & Co.,Ltd. (now Special Metals Wiggin, Ltd.) in Hereford.
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Perhaps the first aerospace use of a nickel alloy was theMonel Metal (now MONEL alloy 400) radiator jacket usedto cool the 90 horsepower gasoline engine of the CurtisJN4-D “Jenny” WWI U.S. Military Aircraft.
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SMC has always beenheavily involved in theUS space program.
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Bar & Wire Rod
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Nuts, bolts, and other forms of fasteners for servicein corrosive environments are manufactured fromSMC products including INCONEL 625, 686, 718 &725 & MONEL 400, R-405 & K-500.
Bar & Rod for Fasteners
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Aerospace Engine Applications
Discs & ShaftsBlades & VanesCasesRings & SealsCombustorsFasteners
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SMC Alloys in Land Base Gas Turbines
Wheels, Spacers, Shafts – INCONEL alloy 706 & 718 Bar & Forgings
Hot Gas Path Components, Combustors
INCONEL alloy HX, 617 & N06230 & UDIMET alloy 188 Plate
Superalloy Fasteners – INCONEL alloys 718,X-750, & 783 & NIMONIC alloys 80A & 90 Bar
Blades – NIMONIC alloy 90,105, 115 & PE16 Blade Bar
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SMC Aerospace AlloysINCONEL®
600, 617, HX, 625, 625LCF,718, X-750, 783
NIMONIC®
75, 80A, 90,105,115, 263
INCOLOY®
903, 907, 909, A-286
UDIMET®
720, 720LI, R41, L-605, 188
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SMC Aerospace Alloys
Precipitation Hardened
Solid Solution Strengthened
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Precipitation Hardened AlloysHardened by precipitation reaction induced
by heat treatment.
Nickel alloys – gamma prime (Ni3Al,Ti,Nb)strengthened.
Greater strength possible by the combinationof cold work & age hardening heat treatment.
Applications limited to precipitation hardeningheat treatment range. Overaging results inloss of strength.
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Alloy Ni Co Fe Cr Mo W Nb Al Ti
INCOLOY A-286 26 - Bal 15 1 - - - 2
INCONEL X-750 Bal - 7 16 - - 1 0.5 2.5
INCONEL 718 54 - Bal 18 3 - 5 0.5 1
Waspaloy Bal 14 - 20 4 - - 1.5 3
UDIMET 720 Bal 15 - 16 3 1 - 2.5 5
NIMONIC 90 Bal 18 - 20 - - - 1.5 2.5
NIMONIC 105 Bal 20 - 15 5 - - 4.5 1.5
INCONEL 783 28 Bal 26 3 - - 3 5.5 -
Chemical CompositionNickel-Base Superalloys
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1
10
100
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
Str
ess,ksi
LMP = [(T+460)*(20+log(rl)]*0.001T in °F, rl in hours
U720
Waspaloy
740H
90
263
188
617
N06230
625 Grade 2
HX
Larson Miller Stress Rupture Plot of Nickel Alloys
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INCOLOY alloy A-286
Age Hardenable FeNiCrTi “Stainless Steel”
25% Nickel = Economy
“Poor man’s 718”
Automotive fasteners for elevatedtemperature service
Aerospace & turbine applications
Corrosion & heat resistance
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INCONEL alloy X-750
Age hardenable INCONEL alloy 600
High nickel content – 72%
Resistance to stress cracking
Nuclear steam & water service (‘HTH’)
Connecting & reinforcing rod
Steam turbine applications
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INCONEL alloy 718
Age Hardenable NiCrMoNbTi Superalloy
Aerospace & Oilfield / Marine grades
Aerospace – 150 ksi min YS
Oilfield – 120 ksi min YS + toughness
Specifications
Aerospace – AMS 5662, 5663, 5664
Oilfield – NACE MR0175, API 6A718
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Aerospace alloy 718
Maximum strength & rupture strength
Long term heat treatment (18 hours)
Precipitation of gamma prime & delta phase
Limited toughness
Elevated temperature service
SAE AMS 5662, 5663, 5664
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Oilfield / Marine alloy 718
Reduced strength for increased ductility,toughness & impact
Short term heat treatment (6 to 8 hours)
Corrosion resistance
Free of delta phase
Resistant to hydrogen embrittlement
Low temperature applications
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INCONEL alloy 718Time-Temperature-Transformation
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Waspaloy
Old, well-established aerospace alloy
NiCoCrMoTi age hardenable superalloy
Introduced in 1960’s … still widely used
Excellent high temperature properties
Especially useful at 1200 to 1600ºF
blades, seals, rings, shafts, turbinedisks … and fasteners
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UDIMET alloy 720
Precipitation hardened by gamma prime
Solid solution strengthened by tungstenand molybdenum
Good metallurgical stability – ductility andtoughness after high temp exposure
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NIMONIC alloy 90
Age hardenable NiCrCoTiAl superalloy
Creep & rupture properties to 1700ºF
Oxidation resistance
Land base gas turbine fasteners
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INCONEL alloy 783
CoNiFeAlNbCr superalloy
Low coefficient of thermal expansion
Cr + Al for oxidation resistance
Age hardenable for high strength
Unique combination of properties
Aerospace, gas & steam turbines
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Solid Solution Strengthened Alloys
Strength controlled by composition
Additional strength from cold work
Serviceable at high temperatures
Metallurgical stability
Conventional fabrication
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Chemical CompositionSolid Solution Strengthened Alloys
Alloy Ni Cr Co Mo Fe W Al
INCONEL HX 48 22 1 9 18 1 ---
INCONEL 617 52 22 12.5 9 1.5 --- 1.2
INCONEL 686 58 21 --- 16 1 4 ---
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INCONEL alloy HX
Solid solution strengthened
Well established NiCrMo alloys for serviceat elevated temperature
Well known in the aerospace community
Strength + Heat Resistance
Applications to 2200ºF
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INCONEL alloy 617
NiCrCoMo solid solution strengthened alloy
Chromium + Aluminum for enhanced heatreisistance, especially at very hightemperatures
Cobalt + molybdenum for high strength
Excellent weldability and a good weldingproduct, especially for dissimilar welding
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INCONEL alloy 686
Cold worked to 85, 125 & 150 ksi YS
Excellent resistance to corrosion in seawater
Qualified by US Navy for ship construction
MIL-DTL-1222 USN fastener specification
Currently in serviceon US Navy ships &submarines
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What’s New ???
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INCOLOY alloy 945
FeNiCrMo corrosion-resistant alloy
Precipitation hardenable
Minimum yield strength of 140 ksi
Qualified per NACE MR0175 Level VIIat 400ºF and Level VI for 450ºF.
Resistant in elemental sulfur tests to350ºF
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INCOLOY alloy 945X
Higher strength grade of alloy 945
Minimum yield strength of 140 ksi
Minimum yield strength of 160 ksi forsome products
Cold worked / aged minimum yieldstrength of 210 ksi with 12% minimumelongation
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INCONEL alloy 740H
Ni - 20Co - 25Cr - 2Nb - 2Ti - 1Al
Developed for Advanced Ultra-Supercritical(A-USC) Boiler Service
Age Hardened + Stability + Heat Resistance
Service to 800ºC
Weldable in heavy sections after agehardening
Candidate for High Temperature Fasteners
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INCONEL alloy 740H15” OD x 3” wall14K lbs. x 34 ft.
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Nickel Alloy Metallurgy 101
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How Metals React to Stress
Distortion
Relaxation
Creep
Relaxation Cracking
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Distortion during Aging
Most nickel-base alloy contract slightlyduring the precipitation heat treatment… up to about 0.07%. Thus, either:
Machine in the aged condition.
Machine oversize, precipitation heattreat, and machine or grind to finaldimensions.
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Galling
Nickel-base alloys are very subject togalling. Threshold galling stress < 2 ksi.To improve resistance:
Dissimilar metal coupling
Oxide-on
Lubricants & coatings
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Age Hardened Alloys atHigh Temperatures
Use limited by aging temperature range
Alloys overage (gamma prime coarsening)when used in the aging range.
Creep & relaxation
Torque monitoring & tightening required
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Special Metals Corporation
“Technology in Action”
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A World Leader inHigh Performance Alloys
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