special double issue: poverty and inequality in latin america || front matter

Front MatterSource: Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 38, No. 2/3, Special DoubleIssue: Poverty and Inequality in Latin America (Summer - Autumn, 1996), pp. 14-208Published by: Center for Latin American Studies at the University of MiamiStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/166356 .

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Journal of I nterameric an Studies

& World Affairs

VOLUME 38, NUMBER 2/3 SUMMER/FALL 1996



Journalof Interamerican Studies

& World Affairs

EDORIAL STAR Jaime Suchlicki, Editor Jane G. Marchi, Managing Editor William Ratliff, Book Review Editor Erick Bridoux, Assistant Editor

BOARD OF EDrTRS

Ambler H. Moss, Jr., Chairman Bruce M. Bagley, University of Miami Abraham F. Lowenthal, University of Southern California Richard Bard, The Miami Herald Markos Mamalakis, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Anthony Bryan, North-South Center, University of Miami Heraldo Munoz, Chilean Ambassador to Brazil Jorge I. Domlnguez, Harvard University Robert Pastor, Emory University Federico G. Gil, Professor Emeritus

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Susan Kaufman Purcell, Americas Society, New York City Edward Gonzialez, University of California, Los Angeles Riordan Roett, The Johns Hopkins University Irving Louis Horowitz, Rutgers University Lord Hugh Thomas, Centre for Policy Studies, London Jennie Lincoln, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Viron Vaky, Georgetown University Howard Wiarda, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

PUBUCATIONS STAFF

Mary M. Mapes, Publications Director Susan K. Holler, Associate Publications Director Mercy F. Vega, Copyrights and Back Issues

? Copyright 1996 University of Miami Published for the Graduate School of International Studies by

North'South Center Press UU NIVERS ITY OF MIA MI

Distributed by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.



Journal of Interamerican Studies

& World Afairs VOLUME 38, NUMBER 2/3 SUMMER/FALL 1996

SPECIAL DOUBLE IssuE: POviiVE AND INEQUALHY IN LI AMCA

introduction MarkosJ. Mamalakis .............................................. 1

On Poverty and InequaliRty in Latin America Gert Rosenthal .............................................. 15

Some Sources of Income Inequality in Latin America Lloyd G. Reynolds .............................................. 39

Economic Development and Social Equity: A Lain American Perspective

Oscar Altimir ............................................ 47

Poverty and Inequality in Chile: Are Democratic Politics and Neoliberal Economics Good for You?

David E. Hojman .............................................. 73

Economic Reforms in Jamaica Anders Danielson .............................................. 97

Income and Land Distibution in Raid: Some Remarks on Available Statistics

Mats Lundahl .............................19................. l



Wi Latin America Now Put a Stop to "Stop-and-Go"? Gustav Ranis ........................................... 127

Poverty and Inequality in Latin America: A Neostructural Perspective

Joseph R. Ramos .......................... ................. 141

Istitutions and hIequality in Latin America: Text and Subtext

William Glade ..................... ...................... 159

Poverty and Inequality in Latin America: Mesoeconomic Dimensions ofJustice and Entitlements

Markosf Mamalakis ........................................... 181

Review Essay Poverty and Exclusion in Latin America: Diagnosis and Remedial Strategies

Markosj Mamalakis ........................................... 201

Books Received ........................................... 209



ALDVANCING THE MIAMI PROCESS: -- ---------- CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE SE . ~SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS

- il lli l tB >g 3 | edited d- Robin Rosenberg and Steve Stein

| 11! || 1 !| !l 11| r hi collection of 44 official documents, intergovem- - | |11 W! ! l! l | 1mental publications, and non-governmental proposals

(e{S2ie@ W |g U l and nine postscripts will serve as an historical record of Xe>;;::<^:2g^^MiS>>i.sFEs-the 1994 Summit of the Americas. With a preface by

t"'X>t|||3&..-..>:;: President Bill Clinton and an introducfion by Cadiryn L. =s,;xX;.g..BSx.@.? b^ S-W><m:S;>?X orup, the volume is intended to promote goverrnment- --_- NGO discussions and to provide a mechanism for infor-

. ,,.ge-.,._,l,,:> >e,mation sharing for the ongoing Miami Process. Robin Rosenberg is deputy director of the North-South Center, Univqrsity of Miami.

Steve Stein is professor of history at the University of Miamni and a senior research associate at the North-South Center.

1995/464 pages, ISBN: 0-935501-99-1, 8.5"1 x 11"1 paper/$29.95

GOVIERNMENT R-ESPONSES TO THE ILATIN AMERICAN DEBT PROBLEM

edited by Rober Grosse _

The Latin American debt crisis has been examined from ... n nmerous perspectives. This volume specifically focuses on * _

the most recent phase of the external debt problem: during the | _ 1 past decade, many of the indebted governments have worked to overcome a debt crisis and have embarked on paths of renewed economic growth. The contributors study five Latin American countries -Chile, B>zil, Peru, Bolivia, and Mexico -and analyze their success in dealing with the debt crisis. Also included is an analysis of the Brady Plans, which have been negotiated by five countries, and a comparison of ten countries' return to intemational creditworthiness, focusing on the factors that have contributed most to improvement.

Robert Grosse is professor of international business and chairman of the World Business Departmnent at the American Graduate School of Internafional Management, Glendale, Arizona.

1995/224 pages, ISBN: 0-935501-96-7, 6" x 9" paper/$24.95

iNort Sout Center Press U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I A M I

Order from LYNNE RiENNER PUBLISHERS 1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 444-6684; Fax (303) 444-0824.



Urnderetanding ContamporQry Leatedbn RAr S. Hil imaQ:

edited by Richard S. Hillman

Understanding Contemporary Latin America treats the crucial issues

facing this vital region in the advent of the twenty-first century. Designed as a core text for "Introduction to Latin America" courses, it can also be used effectively as a supplemental reader in a wide variety of discipline-oriented curriculums.

The authors provide up-to-date, thor- ough analyses not only of history, politics, and economics, but also of class and ethnicity, the role of women, reli- gious beliefs, education and cultural expression, and the environment. Each topic is covered with reference to the latest available scholarship.

Encouraging an appreciation of Latin America as an area profoundly influ- enced by colonial legacies, develop- mental transitions, and the democrati- zation of formerly authoritarian sys- tems, grappling now with the critical problems caused by shifting demo- graphics, widespread poverty, inflation, international debt, corruption, and nar- cotrafficking, Understanding Cont- emporary Latin America reveals the complexity of Latin America's challenges, their global impact, and the prospects for the future of the region.

Richard S. Hillman is professor and chair of political science at St. John Fisher College.

October 1996/ca. 375 pages

TO ORDER: CALL (303) 444-6684; fAX (303) 444-0824 or MAIL to: Lynne Rienner Publishers (Q3), 1800 30th Street, Suite 31;4, Boulder, CO 80301

YES, please send me copy(s) of Hillman's nderstnding ContemporarLatin America: Li paperback (875750) for $19.95 each, plus $3.50 postage, for a total of $23.45. 0 hardcover (875467) for $49.95 ach, plus $3.50 postage, for a total of $53.45

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PRIVATIZATION AMIDST POVERTY: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN LAnN AMIEmcAN POLmCAL ECONOMY

edited b3yJorge A. Lawton M /[any Latin American governments have adopted neoliberal

economic reforms and privatized public enterprises, drastically revamping fiscal policies and adopting market price structures, in order to pursue longer-term growth strategies and enhance international competitiveness. The social costs of these needed reforms can be overwhelming, especially in the short- and medium-term transition. Privatization Amidst Povety analyzes the twin demands of economic growth and social equity and examines the role of inter-

national financial institutions and specialized, non-market, state programs designed to alleviate worker displacement and other costs of the transition.

Jorge A. Lawton is director of South-North Communications, an international consulting firm, and is Human Rights and Human

Development Fellow at Emory University's Center for Ethics in Public Policy and the Professions in Atlanta.

hIbe eaperiences of structural adjustment in _h the Latin American and Caribbean region

--_____ have been significant. Yet, as Dr. Lawton says -

1 S in his introduction to this very important work, '7bree-quarters of the Western Hemibphere'spopulation still experience some degree of malnutrition. 'How this has happened and wbat needs to be done are the

subjects of this volume, which should be read by allpolicymakers in the region." - Michael Manley, former Prime Minister of Jamaica

e Nort' South Center Press U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I A M I

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THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATON: EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS

edited by Peter H. Smith

T he movement toward free trade has taken on increasing momentum

throughout the Americas. As part of this development, questions have been

raised conceming the most effective forms of regional integration, political obstacles that

may emerge, and lessons to be learned from the European

Community. In this volume, policy experts from Europe, the United States, and Latin

America offer stimulating insights on these issues. They examine motivations and pat-

terns underlying the contemporary drive toward integration in

Europe and the Americas. Some contributors discuss spe-

cific policy issues, including labor, migration, environmental protection, and macroeconomic

coordination, Others take a hypothetical approach, extract- ing lessons from the European experience and speculating about their application to the Western Hemisphere.

Peter H. Smith is professor of political science, Simon Bolivar professor of Latin American Studies, and director of

the Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies at the

University of California, San Diego.

ISBN: 1-56000-687-0 430 pp $21.95

INTGRATNG THE AMERCm: SHAPING FmuTuIE TRADE PoucY

edited Sdn Weintraub

old new economic policies are sup- Liplanting traditional notions about the relationship between national and international markets throughout Latin America.

Regional integration and neoliberal reforms have combined to over- turn more traditional approaches to national development in the region. This volume captures the content of these changes and analyzes their implications for the Western Hemisphere. Prospects for strengthening the separate integration arrangements are sug- gested, and proposals for consoli- dating them into a hemisphere -wide free trade area are analyzed. Contributors are economists and authorities on trade reform and developments in regional integration from Latin America, the United States, and Canada. European and Japanese experts also examine current changes in the Western Hemisphere from their

perspectives. Sidney Weintraub is the William E.

Simon Chair in Political Economy, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C., and Dean Rusk Professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs of the University of Texas at Austin.

ISBN: 1-56000-769-9 224 pp $19.95

1 .. .. ..

jNorthSouth Center Press "U N IVER S ITY O F M IAM I

Order from LYNNE RIENNER PUBUSHERS 1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 444-6684; Fax (303) 444-0824.



A I

SOVIET-CUBAN ALUANCE: 1959-1991

Yuri Pavlov

IIi-ance f\uring the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, Yuri Pavlov IEinterpreted for Nikita Khrushchev. In 1982, he was

appointed Soviet Ambassador to Costa Rica, and in 1987, he became head of the Foreign Ministry's Latin American Directorate and was responsible for Soviet-Cuban bilater-

*. at relations. Pavlov draws upon these experiences to give both a personal and a political account of the history of the Soviet-Cuban alliance and speculates about the future

- ---- -Irelationship between Cuba and Russia.

Pavlov believes that the two nations became allies only as a result of the Cold War; when this period passed into history, the Soviet Union no longer needed nor could it afford Cuba's dependent relationship, which had become ruinous economically and embarrassing politically. The disintegration of the Soviet Union only accelerated, and finally completed, the process of separation. Pavlov provides the first eyewitness appraisal of the history of this alliance, as well as important insights into the current confused and contradictory Russian policy toward Cuba.

Yuri Pavlov, a veteran officer of the former Soviet Foreign Service, has had extensive experience in international and Latin American affairs. He is now a vis- iting scholar in international studies at Oregon State University, Corvallis.

'A fascinating insider's view of the vicissitudes of the Soviet relationship with Cuba &y a former Sovietforeign service officer.... Pavlov's account of his discus-

sion with Bush administration officials and the Cubans during the twilight years of Gorbachev provides much new material unavailable elsewhere."

- Kenneth Maxwell, Foreign Affairs

ISBN 1-57454-004-1 (second impression, with an index) 1996/288 pp, paper/$22.95

},North South Center Press UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI

Order from LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS, Inc. 1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301-1026

Phone (303) 444-6684; Fax (303) 444-0824.



LYNNE RIENNL ERPUBLISHERS

Leading the way ... in Latin American Studies

2nd edition Latin America's Economic Development: Confronting Crisis edited by James L. Dietz "Convincingly demon- strates that neoclassi- cal economic thinking is not the only way to understand the problematic of Latin American development."-Latin American

Research Review 1995 * pb $23.95

New Paths to Democratic Development in Latin America: The Rise of NGO- Municipal Collaboration edited by Charles A. Reilly 1995 * pb $29.95

State, Capitalism, and Democracy in Latin America Atilio A. Boron 1995 * hc $49.95

Coping with Capital Surges: The Return of Finance to Latin America edited by Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Stephany Griffith-Jones 1995 * hc $49.95e pb $29.95

Economic Crisis and the State in Brazil: Toward a New Interpretation of Latin America Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira 1995* hc $55

The Challenge of Institutional Reform in Mexico edited by Riordan Roett "One of the more inter- esting collections ... on the relations between economic liberalization and political opening in Mexico."

-International Affairs 1995 * hc $37.50

LOCAL 6OVERNMENT

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Local Government in Latin America R. Andrew Nickson "A landmark study.... Will be equally useful to students and to practi- tioners of local govem- ment reform and urban management improvement." -Local

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Foreign Policy and Regionalism in the Americas edited by Gordon Mace and Jean-Philippe Therien 1996 * hc $48 * pb 19.95

Political Reformism in Mexico: An Overview of Contemporary Mexican Politics Stephen D. Morris 1995 * hc $49.95e pb $19.95

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DISTANT CousuIS: -C AIImBIiI-T AMERICAN

RELATIONSIP edited by Anthony T. Bryan and Andrts Serbin

Drofound cultural and political differ- | ences exist between Latin America

and the Caribbean, despite their geo- graphical proximity. Recent transfor- mations in the global politico- economic system have brought about closer cooperation between the two areas, and this volume provides useful insights into their changing relationship. Contributors represent diverse academic backgrounds and provide a multidisciplinary analysis of topics, including geopolitics, ethnicity, economics, and culture. All those inter- ested in the larger issue of regional cooperation will find the work useful.

Anthony T. Bryan, a Trinidad-born scholar, is director of the Caribbean Program and senior research associate at the North-South Center, University of Miami.

Anldrts Serbin is director of the Venezuelan Institute of Politics and Social Studies and a professor at the School of Sociology and International Relations and the Graduate School of Social Sciences at the Central University of Venezuela.

ISBN: 1-57454-0003-3, ca. 150 pages, paperback $19.95

lNorth' South Center Press U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I A M I

Order from LYNNE RENNwE PuBusHERs, INC. 1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301-1026

Phone (303) 444-6684; Fax (303) 444-0824.



special double issue: poverty and inequality in latin america || front matter

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