special book 02 - myanmarinfodigest.com · 2015 ckespf atmu fw dkbm 28 &u fwgi f urÇmhbp fu...

3

yHkESdyfrSwfwrf;t,f'DwmcsKyfrsKd;jrihfndrf;

wm0efcHt,f'DwmroDwm(prf;acsmif;)

t,f'Dwm[efaZmf

vufaxmuft,f'Dwm

atmifNzdK;aZmfowif;axmuf

cefYnm;armifarmifacgif;pD;'DZkdif;[efqef;

'DZdkif;tjyiftqifcspfESif;jzL? jzLjzL0if;

pmjyifvIdifvIdifjrifh

aps;uGufwm0efcHjzLyGifhaZmfwefzkd;

tcrJhjzefYa0onf/umvmcGJ

Sunn Scangraphics

xkwfa0olOD;rsKd;jrifhndrf;(00630)

trSwf(401)?wdkuf(17^19)?

52vrf;?&efukefNrdKU/yHkESdyfol

aeva&mifyHkESdyfwdkuf(02431) 11 vrf;/

qufoG,f&efawmf0ifpifwm(wwd,vTm)jynfvrf;?

vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKU?

zkef;-09975556048

rmwdum

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIqdkif&mtajctaeESifUñTef;udef;rsm;

5

jrefrmEdkifiHESifUjynfywdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

16

2015 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJESifUtpdk;&opf

23

tm;vyf&ufrsm;twGif;jrefrmEdkifiHtESHhtjym;odkhc&D;xGufMur,f

41

cg;rematmif b,fvdkxdkifMurvJ

49

4

rsufESmzHk;rSwfpk

&efukefNrdKU?urÇmat;bk&m;vrf;ay:&Sd

qD'dkem;[dkw,f? jrefrmpifwmESifhtrsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf?Ouú|?a':atmifqef;pkMunf

wdkY\"mwfyHkrsm;udkrsufESmzHk;tjzpf

toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/

rsufESmzHk;"mwfyHkudk

cefYnm;armifarmifu

½dkuful;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

t,f'DwmUpum;]EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'ESifhjrefrmha&SUa&;}

w&m;rQwrI rjynfh0cJhaomfvnf; vGwfvyfrItweftoifh&SdcJhaom a&G;aumufyGJum; rJwpfrJ\ wefzdk;udk t&mtm;vHk;xuf tav;xm;cJhMuaomrdbjynfolrsm;\ rysufruGuf wpfcJeuf rJay;rIaMumifh atmifjrifat;csrf;pGmNyD;ajrmufcJhNyD; jzpfayonf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu twnfjyKpm&if;rsm;tm;vufvDpdwfxkwfjyefaeonfhwdkif wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzifhtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfuomvQif rJqEe,fajrtrsm;pkudk tEdkif&cJhaMumif; odae&ayonf/wpfenftm;jzifh 2016 rwfv0ef;usifwGif ay:aygufvmrnfh tpdk;&opfudkOD;aqmifzGJUEdkifcGifhudk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu &&SdEdkifrnfh taetxm;odkYa&mufaeNyDjzpfonf/ 2008 zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'\ xl;jcm;vSpGmaom 0daoorsm;aMumifh ,ckay:vmrnfh tpdk;&tzGJUonf wyfrawmfESifhtmPmcGJa0 xrf;aqmif&rnfhtaetxm;wGif &Sdaeonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmwGif tpdk;&tzGJUzGJUpnf;&ef umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu wdkuf½dkufa&G;cs,fcefYxm;rnfh umuG,fa&;0efBuD;? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;ESifhe,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;rsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJtEdkif&ygwDuOD;aqmifNyD; a&G;cs,fcefYxm;cH&rnfh useftpdk;&tzGJU0if 0efBuD;rsm;ESifhtvkyfwGJvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ odkYjzifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfonf tvHk;pHktmPmudk rarQmfrSef;Edkifacs/ tvm;wl 25 %aomwyfrawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;aMumifh Oya'jyKa&;tmPmwGifvnf; tvHk;pHktmPm&rnfr[kwfay/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh tpdk;&-vTwfawmfa&m>yrf;aom EdkifiHa&;pepfua&SUc&D;wGif&Sdaeavonf/ onftaetxm;wGif rMumrDusif;yrnfhjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;rsm;ü rnfonfhOya'topfrsm; xGufay:vmOD;rnfenf;[lonfrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfonf/ txl;ojzifhEdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'udktjref jy|mef;xkwfjyef&ef trsm;pku pdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf/ a&G;aumufyGJ&v'ft& trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf rJtrsm;pktEdkif&jcif;uvnf; EdkifiHwumrS&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;udk ydkrdkqGJaqmifrI&Sdaponf/ rnfodkYyiftmPmudk tvHk;pHkrusifhoHk;Edkifapumrl ydkrdkyGifhvif;jrifomonfh tpdk;&wpf&yfudk rJtEdkif&xm;aom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu tmrcHEdkifrnf[lonfhtjrifu EdkifiHwum&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;wGif &SdaeEdkifonf/ jrefrmha&SUa&;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;omru zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;udkyg 'GefwGJum aqmif&Guf&rnfhtaetxm;wGif&Sdaeonfjzpf&m EdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'onfjrefrmhypöKyÜeftwGufomru tem*wftwGufygta&;BuD;rnfh Oya'jzpfonf/odkY&mwGif jrpfqHkpDrHudef;wdkYuJhodkU uwdvGefcJhNyD;jzpfonfh EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIpDrHudef;BuD;rsm;ESifhywfoufívnf; xdkOya'ygtcsufrsm;u vGefqGJum ckcHumuG,fEdkifrnfvm;? rnfodkYaom EdkifiHjcm;&if;EDS;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;udk rnfuJhodkUaomrlabmifay:tajccHí a&;qGJjy|mef;twnfjyKrnfenf;[lonfh ar;cGef;onfvnf;usef&Sdaeao;aom ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfaeonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap jynfwGif;o,HZmwxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;ESifh jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI cGifhjyKBudKqdka&;wdkY Mum;ucsdefcGifvQmudk aemiftpdk;&tqufquf xdef;nd§Edkifa&;twGuf tajccHMu&rnfhjynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'aumif;wpfckudk ,cktpdk;&vufxuf vTwfawmfBuD;u rnfodkY rnfyHktwnfjyKrnf? rjyKrnfudk rMumrD odEdkifMurnfjzpfaMumif;today;tyfygonf/ t,f'DwmtzGJU

5

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIqdkif&mtajctaersm;ESifUñTef;udef;rsm;

&efukefNrdKU? &efuif;NrdKUe,f? opömvrf;&Sd jrefrmEdkifiH&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaumfr&SifESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xmeudk awGU&pOf/

2011-2012 b@mESpfrS

2015-2016 b@mESpf(atmufwdkbm)txd

jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmPrSm

usyfoef;aygif; 5871287

.

94 oef;jzpfNyD;

pD;yGm;a&;u@ 11 ckwGif

vkyfief;ta&twGufpkpkaygif; 347 ckü

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJUonf/

"mwfyHk-cefYnm;armifarmif"mwfyHk-cefYnm;armifarmif

6

urÇmhbPf\ pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI 2016 ckESpftpDt&ifcHpmrS nTef;udef;

]]pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI 2016 ckESpftpDt&ifcHpm(Doing Business 2016

Report)udk 2015 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 28 &ufwGif urÇmhbPfu xkwfjyefcJhonf/ tqdkygtpDt&ifcHpmonf urÇmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;\ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&mwGif rnfrQvG,fulacsmarGUonfudk tcsufBuD; 10 csufjzifhwdkif;wmygonf/ tqdkygtcsuf 10 csufrSm

1/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfck pwifjcif;2/ taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfcGifh&&Sda&;aqmif&Gufjcif;3/ vQyfppf"mwftm; &&SdrItajctae4/ ydkifqdkifrIrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;5/ aiGaMu;taxmuftyHh&&Sdjcif;6/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tenf;i,fomaqmif&GufEdkifolrsm;udk umuG,fjcif;7/ tcGefay;aqmifjcif;8/ pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; touf0ifrI&Sdjcif;9/ jynfyul;oef;a&mif;0,frI tajctae10/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; pm&if;&Sif;vif;aqmif&GufEdkifjcif; wdkYjzpfonf/

EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tajctae(2015 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 15 &uftxd)

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme\ xkwfjyefcsuft& EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI ukrÜPDaygif; 3043 ckonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vkyfief;vma&mufaqmif&GufaeaMumif; Daily Eleven owif;pmwGif Edk0ifbm 3&ufu azmfjycJhonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme\ nTef;udef;rsm;t& &efukef½Hk;csKyfESifh½Hk;cGJrsm;odkY vma&muftaMumif;Mum;onfh EdkifiHjcm;ukrÜPDrsm;pm&if;udk atmufygZ,m;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ 2015 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 15 &uftxd pm&if;jzpfygonf/

pOf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm; pkpkaygif;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme

1/ &efukef½Hk;csKyf 29372/ aejynfawmf½Hk;cGJ 813/ rEÅav;½Hk;cGJ 194/ &Srf;jynfe,f½Hk;cGJ 25/ rGefjynfe,f½Hk;cGJ 4

pkpkaygif; 3043

urÇmhbPf\ pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI 2016ckESpftpDt&ifcHpmudk2015 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 28 &ufwGif urÇmhbPfu

xkwfjyefcJh&m jrefrmEdkifiHonf tqifh 15 qifhodkYwdk;wufrI&&SdcJhonfudk awGU&Sd&onf/

7

jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI tpDt&ifcHpmwGif xnfhoGif;tuJjzwfjcif;udk 2013 ckESpfwGif urÇmhbPfu pwifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ urÇmhpD;yGm;a&;todkuft0ef;ESifhjrefrmEdkifiHonf xdawGUrIenf;yg;cJhaomaMumifh urÇmhbPfonf jrefrmEdkifiHudk xnfhoGif;tuJjzwfrI rjyKcJhaMumif;od&onf/

pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI tpDt&ifcHpmwGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf 2014 ckESpfüpwifyg0ifvmcJhonf/ &&SdcJhonfh &v'fonf aumif;rGefjcif; r&SdcJhyg/ EdkifiHaygif; 189 EdkifiHudk tuJjzwfcJh&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf tqifh 182 &&SdcJhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ atmufwGif tmz&duEdkifiHtcsKdUom usef&SdcJhonf/

pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI 2016 ckESpf tpDt&ifcHpm \ tuJjzwfcsuft&jrefrmEdkifiHonf tqifh 182 rS 167 odkY wufvSrf;cJhonf/ tqifh182 rStqifh 167 odkY tqifh 15 qifh wdk;wufrI &&SdcJhonf/

udk;um;/ / urÇmhbPf\ pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI 2016 ckESpf tpDt&ifcHpm

Source : http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/myanmar/

azmfjyygZ,m;onf Doing Business rS azmfjyxm;aom jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufonfh tuJjzwfcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/ tuJjzwfcJhaomtuJjzwfcsufrSm wpfzufwGifazmfjycJhonfh tcsufBuD; 10 csufjzpfygonf/ urÇmhbPf\ pD;yGm;a&;aqmif&GufrI tpDt&ifcHpm2016 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh udef;*Pef;rsm;jzpfygonf/

8

2015-2016 b@mESpf0uftwGif;EdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tajctae

2015-2016 b@mESpfESpf0uftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHodkY EkdifiHjcm;wkduf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIvkyfief; 101 ck 0ifa&muf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcGifhay;cJhaMumif; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihfukrÜPDrsm;ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmerS od&onf[k Daily Eleven owif;pmu 2015ckESpf atmufwdkbm 30 &ufaeYü azmfjyonf/

2015-2016 b@mESpf {NyDvrS pufwifbmvtxdEdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

pOf vkyfief;trsKd;tpm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmPa':vm(oef;)

1/ ukefxkwfvkyfief; 590.0572/ a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiGU 2049.2003/ o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESihf 270.0

qufoG,fa&;4/ [dkw,fESifhc&D;oGm; 50.7505/ tjcm;0efaqmifrI 85.0476/ tdrfjcHajr 232.8727/ owåK 2.183

2015-2016 b@mESpf {NyDvrS pufwifbmvtxdEdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhonfh EdkifiHrsm;

2015-2016 b@mESpf {NyDvrS pufwifbmvtxd EdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhonfh EdkifiHrsm;rSm MopaMw;vs? b½lEkdif;? w½kwf? a[mifaumif?tdEd,? tif'dkeD;&Sm;? *syef? rav;&Sm;? udk&D;,m;? pifumyl? xkdif;? e,fomvef?,lau? tar&duef? AD,uferf? vlZifbwf? umwmESihf awmiftmz&duwdkYjzpfonf/ 2014-2015 b@mESpfwGif EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI a':vm&SpfbDvsHausmf0ifa&mufcJhNyD; a&eHESihfobm0"mwfaiGUu@wGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItrsm;qHk;jzpfaMumif; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihfukrÜPDrsm; ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmerS od&onf/ jrefrmEkdifiH&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaumfr&Sifonf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIjr§ihfwifa&;twGuf umv&SnfEkdifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI jr§ihfwifa&;pDrHudef;a&;qGJtaumiftxnfazmfvsuf&SdNyD;,if;pDrHudef;t& 2015-2016 b@mESpfwGif EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmPa':vmoef;ajcmufaxmif 0ifa&muf&efvsmxm;aMumif; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihfukrÜPDrsm; ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmerS od&aMumif; Daily Eleven owif;pmu 2015 ckESpfatmufwdkbm 30 &ufaeYü azmfjyonf/ 2015-2016 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodkYEdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmP tar&duefa':vm oef;ajcmufaxmif 0ifa&mufa&;twGuf vsmxm;aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm;

c&D;oGm;{nfhonfwpfOD;udk trSwfw&uwfa&mif;csaeolwpfOD;/2015-2016 b@mESpf {NyDvrS pufwifbmvtxd

[dkw,fESifhc&D;oGm;u@wGif EdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIa':vmoef;aygif; 50.750 oef;&SdcJhonf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

9

nTefMu;rIOD;pD;XmerSod&aMumif; aMu;rHkowif;pmu Edk0ifbm 4 &ufwGif azmfjyonf/

2012-2013 b@mESpfrS 2014-2015 b@mESpftxdumv&Snf EdkifiHjcm;wdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI jr§ifhwifa&;pDrHudef;

taumiftxnfazmfrItajctae

pOf b@mESpf vsmxm;csuf trSefcGifhjyKyrmPa':vm(oef;) a':vm(oef;)

1/ 2012-2013 1000 34192/ 2013-2014 3000 41073/ 2014-2015 4000 8010

udk;um;/ / aMu;rHkowif;pm? Edk0ifbm 4? 2015

2011-2012 b@mESpfrS 2015-2016 b@mESpftxd&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItajctae(2015 ckESpf pufwifbmvtxd)

2011-2012 b@mESpfrS 2015-2016 b@mESpf pufwifbmvtxdEdkifiHaygif; 33 EdkifiHrS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItaejzifh vkyfief;aygif; 543 ckudk vma&muf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhNyD; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwefzdk; pkpkaygif;taejzifh tar&duefa':vmoef;aygif; 21463.913 oef;&SdaMumif; aMu;rHkowif;pmu Edk0ifbm 4 &ufwGifazmfjyonf/

yxrae&mwGif pifumyl&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaqmif&Gufaeonfh EdkifiHrsm;teuf pifumylEdkifiHu pkpkaygif;

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmP\ 42.33 &mcdkifEIef;? w½kwfjynfolUor®wEdkifiHu 24.58&mcdkifEIef;? ,lEdkufwufuif;'rf;u 6.45 &mcdkifEIef; &SdaMumif;od&onf/

tqdkygpm&if;t& &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmPtrsm;qHk;jzifh pifumylu yxrae&mwGif &SdaeNyD;? 'kwd,ae&mwGif w½kwfjynfolUor®wEdkifiH? wwd,ae&mwGif,lEdkufwufuif;'rf;? pwkw¬ae&mwGif a[mifaumifESifh yOörae&mwGif e,fomvefEdkifiHwdkY &SdaeaMumif; od&onf/

OD;pm;ay;&if;EDS;jr§KyfESHrIOD;pm;ay;&if;EDS;jr§KyfESHaom vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm;rSm a&eHESifhobm0

"mwfaiGU? vQyfppf? pufrI? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;? tdrfNcHajr?[dkw,fESifhc&D;oGm;? tjcm;0efaqmifrI? arG;jrLa&;ESifha&vkyfief;? owåKESifh pdkufysKd;a&;wdkYjzpfonf/

udk;um;/ / aMu;rHkowif;pm? Edk0ifbm 4? 2015

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'(rlMurf;)wGifazmfjyxm;onfU

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIvkyfief;rsm;udkwm;jrpfonfUvkyfief;rsm;

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'(rlMurf;)wGiftcef;(9)? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm; cGifhjyKjcif;? tydk'f53 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIvkyfief;rsm;udk wm;jrpfonfh vkyfief;rsm;owfrSwfcsufudkatmufygtwdkif;azmfjyygonf/53/ atmufyg &if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrIvkyfief;rsm;udkwm;jrpfonfhvkyfief;rsm;tjzpf owfrSwfonf-

(u)EkdifiHawmftwGif; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;\ ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rIESihf"avhxHk;pHrsm;udkxdckdufapaomvkyfief;rsm;?(c) jynfolwdkY\ usef;rma&;udk xdcdkufapEkdifaomvkyfief;rsm;?(*) obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf a*[pepfwkdYudkxdcdkufysufpD;apEkdifaomvkyfief;rsm;?(C)EkdifiHawmftwGif;odkY ab;tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom odkYr[kwf tqdyftawmuf&SdaompGefYypfypönf;rsm;o,faqmifvmEkdifonfh okdYr[kwfay:aygufvmEkdifonfh vkyfief;rsm;?(i) EdkifiHwumoabmwlnDcsufrsm;t&ab;tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom "mwkypönf;xkwfvkyfonfh puf½Hkrsm; okdYr[kwf toHk;jyKonfhvkyfief;rsm;?(p) jynfyrS prf;oyfqJjzpfaom odkYr[kwftoHk;jyK&ef? pdkufysKd;arG;jrL&ef? twnfjyKcsufr&&Sdao;aom enf;ynmrsm;? aq;0g;rsm;?tyifESihf wd&pämefrsKd;pdwfrsm;? toHk;taqmifrsm; o,faqmifvmEkdifonfh vkyfief;rsm;/

udk;um;/ /jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'(rlMurf;)

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'onfrlMurf;tqifhwGifom&SdNyD; twnfjyK jy|mef;jcif;

r&Sdao;yg/ Oya'rlMurf;wGif tcef;aygif;(23)cef;yg0ifonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'(rlMurf;)udk

http://dica.gov.mm.x-aas.net wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

10

EdkifiHom;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tajctae(2011-2012 b@mESpfrS 2015-2016 b@mESpf(atmufwdkbm)txd)

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm;nTefMum;rIOD;pDXme(&efukef½Hk;csKyf)rS&&Sdonfh tcsuftvufrsm;t& 2011-2012 b@mESpfrS 2015-2016 b@mESpf(atmufwdkbm)txd jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmPrSm usyfoef;aygif; 5871287.94 oef;jzpfNyD; pD;yGm;a&;u@ 11 ckwGif vkyfief;ta&twGufpkpkaygif; 347 ckü &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhaMumif; od&onf/

2011 ckESpfrS 2016 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvtxd jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhaom vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm;ESifhae&ma'orsm;udk azmfjytyfygonf/

2011 ckESpfrS 2016 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvtxdjrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhaom vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm;

1/ aqmufvkyfa&;2/ vQyfppf"mwftm;3/ pufrI4/ tdrf&mtaqmufttHkwnfaqmufzGUHNzdK;rI5/ o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;6/ arG;jrLa&;ESifha&vkyfief;7/ owåK8/ [dkw,fESifhc&D;oGm;9/ pufrIZkefwnfaqmufrI10/ v,f,m11/ tjcm;0efaqmifrI

tcsuftvuf&if;jrpf - jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm; nTefMum;rIOD;pDXme

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol? jynfwGif;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;ESifhywfoufaom t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;udkjrefrmEdkifiH&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'(rlMurf;)wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf/

jynfwGif;&if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSol qkdonfrSm jrefrmEkdifiHom; odkYr[kwf EkdifiHawmftwGif; tjrJwrf;aexdkifcGihf&oludk qdkonf/ þOya'tvkdYiSm ,if;pum;&yfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHukrÜPDrsm;tufOya't& EkdifiHjcm;ukrÜPDtjzpfowfrSwfxm;onfh ukrÜPD? ½Hk;cGJ?tpkpyfvkyfief;wkdYrSwpfyg; EkdifiHawmfrS jy|mef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;ESihftnDzGJUpnf;xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf/

EdkifiHjcm;om;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol qkdonfrSm jrefrmEkdifiHom; r[kwfol okdYr[kwf EdkifiHawmftwGif; tjrJwrf;aexkdifcGifh&olr[kwfoludkqdkonf/ þOya'tvkdYiSm ,if;pum;&yfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHukrÜPDrsm;tufOya't& jrefrmukrÜPDtjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfh ukrÜPDrSwpfyg; EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHrS jy|mef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;ESihftnDzGJUpnf;xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf/

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol qkdonfrSm EkdifiHawmf\ e,fedrdwftwGif; wkduf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIudk wnfqJOya'rsm;ESihftnD vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh jynfwGif;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol odkYr[kwf EdkifiHjcm;om;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHoludk qdkonf/

udk;um;/ / jrefrmEdkifiH&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'(rlMurf;)? tcef;(1)? trnfESifht"dyÜm,fazmfjycsuf

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol? jynfwGif;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolESifU EdkifiHjcm;om;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHol t"dyÜg,fzGifUqdkcsuf

11

2011 ckESpfrS 2016 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvtxdjrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhaomae&ma'orsm;ESifh&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmP

pOf ae&ma'o &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyrmPusyf(oef;aygif;)

1/ &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; 2753832.592/ rEÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD; 1477148.673/ &Srf;jynfe,f 282027.334/ rGefjynfe,f 191781.345/ &cdkifjynfe,f 36629.716/ yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD; 233928.577/ u,m;jynfe,f 176966.338/ weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD; 168884.519/ {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; 49730.8910/ ucsifjynfe,f 94765.7811/ u&ifjynfe,f 6335.012/ ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; 45245.0713/ rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD; 33731.8514/ aejynfawmfaumifpD 320137.61

tqdkyg pm&if;t& 2011 ckESpfrS 2016 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvtxdjrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcJhaom ae&ma'owGif csif;jynfe,fyg0ifjcif;r&SdcJhaMumif;awGU&onf/


&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItrsKd;tpm;rsm;ESifU txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItrsKd;tpm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwGif EdkifiHydkiftcef;u@rS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI? or0g,rydkiftcef;u@rS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifh yk*¾vduydkif tcef;u@rS

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwdkY[lí cGJjcm;xm;ygonf/ EdkifiHydkiftcef;u@ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwGif EdkifiHawmfzGHUNzdK;rItwGuf vdktyfonfh qnfajrmif;wmwrHvkyfief; pDrHudef;rsm;? vrf;wHwm; wnfaqmufrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh tajccHvlrIpD;yGm;a&;taqmufttHk zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhaMumif; od&onf/

txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIjrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefOya'udk 2011 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif jy|mef;cJhNyD; xm;0,ftxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef? oDv0gtxl;pD;

yGm;a&;ZkefESifh ausmufjzLtxl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefwdkYudk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufvsuf&SdaMumif;? 2013-2014 b@mESpftwGif;txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIudk usyfoef; 459000.0 vsmxm;cJhNyD; 2014-2015 b@mESpftwGif; txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIudk usyfoef;aygif; 960246.0 vsmxm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/

udk;um;/ / trsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI yxr(5)ESpfpDrHudef;(2011-2012 rS 2015-2016)? jynfolA[dkjyKzGUHNzdK;rI? 2015 ckESpf Zefe0g&DtrsKd;om;pDrHudef;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI 0efBuD;Xme

12

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIqdkif&mOya'rsm;ESifUtajctae

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'(rlMurf;)jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'onf rlMurf;tqifhwGifom&SdNyD; twnfjyK

jy|mef;jcif; r&Sdao;yg/ Oya'rlMurf;wGif tcef;aygif;(23)cef; yg0ifonf/jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'(rlMurf;)udk http://dica.gov.mm.x-aas.net

wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'udk 2012 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv 2 &ufü tcef;aygif;

(20)cef;jzifh EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í twnfjyKcJhonf/EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'(EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU Oya'trSwf 10^1988)udk ½kyfodrf;cJhonf/

EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'udk http://www.myanmarparliament.gov.mm/wp-

content/uploads/2013/09/law211.pdf wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI enf;Oya'EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIenf;Oya'udk 2013 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 31 &ufü

tcef;aygif;(22)cef;jzifh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? trsKd;om;pDrHudef;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI0efBuD;Xmeu twnfjyKcJhonf/ EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI enf;Oya'udk http://dica.gov.mm.x-aas.net/wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'udk 2013 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 29 &ufü

tcef;aygif;(18)cef;jzifh EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefu vufrSwfa&;xdk;ítwnfjyKcJhonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'udk http://dica.gov.mm.x-

aas.net/wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

2014 ckESpf? jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'2014 ckESpf? jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'udk 2014 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv

23 &ufü tcef;aygif;(18)cef;jzifh EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í twnfjyKcJhonf/ jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'(EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGUHNzdK;a&;aumifpDOya'trSwf 8^2011)ESifh xm;0,ftxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'(EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDOya' trSwf17^2011)wdkYudk 2014 ckESpf? jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'jzifh ½kyfodrf;cJhonf/ 2014 ckESpf? jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'udk http://dica.gov.mm.x-

aas.net/wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef enf;Oya'jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef enf;Oya'udk 2014 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 23 &ufü

tcef;aygif;(22)cef;jzifh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? trsKd;om;pDrHudef;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI0efBuD;Xmeu twnfjyKcJhonf/ jrefrmtxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefenf;Oya'udk http://dica.gov.mm.x-aas.net/ wGif &,lEdkifygonf/


&efukefNrdKU? AdkvfcsKyfvrf;ay:&Sd aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;cGifwpfck/2011-12b@mESpfrS 2015-16b@mESpf(atmufwdkbm)txd

aqmufvkyfa&;u@(32)ckü jrefrmEdkifiHom;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIusyfoef;aygif; 453684.79 &SdcJhonf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

13

jrefrmUpD;yGm;a&;u@ wm0ef,lrI&Sda&; taxmuftuljyKXme\yGifUopfp pDrHcsuf 'kwd,tBudrftpD&ifcHpmrS tBuHjyKcsufrsm;

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;u@ wm0ef,lrI&Sda&; taxmuftuljyKXme(Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business)

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;u@ wm0ef,lrI&Sda&; taxmuftuljyKXmeonf t*wdvdkufpm;rIwdkufzsufa&;? tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&myGifhvif;jrifomrI? vlYtcGifhta&;?usef;rma&;? vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rIESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifwdkYtwGuf ar;cGef; 35 ckjzifh vkyfief;yrmPBuD;rm;aom jrefrmukrÜPD 100 \ aumfydk&dwf0ufbfqdk'frsm;udk qef;ppfavhvmí yGifhopfp tpD&ifcHpmudk 'kwd,tBudrf xkwfjyefcJhygonf/

tqdkygtpD&ifcHpmwGif jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;? tpdk;&(txl;ojzifh jrefrmEdkifiHukrÜPDtufOya'ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESHjr§KyfESHrIOya'wdkY jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;NyD;)? jrefrmvTwfawmf? tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;? t&yfbuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh rD'D,mrsm;xHodkY tBuHjyKonfh tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;azmfjycJhonf/ ,if;rS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIqdkif&mESifh ywfoufonfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;aumufEkwfwifjyygonf/

jrefrmtpdk;&odkY tBuHjyKxm;onfrsm;yGifhopfp pDrHcsuf 'kwd,tBudrf tpD&ifcHpmrS jrefrmtpdk;&odkY tcsuf 6

csufjzifh tBuHjyKxm;onf/ ,if;tcsuf 6 csufrS jrefrmtpdk;&taejzifh odoifhonfrsm;udk atmufygtcsufrsm;tjzpf tESpfcsKyfazmfjytyfygonf/

1/ jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;\ b@ma&;r[kwfaom tpD&ifcHpmtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHukrÜPDtufOya'? tydk'f 131 u ('g½dkufwmrsm; tpD&ifcHpm)üjyifqifcsufwGif owif;tcsuftvufxkwfjyefa&;ESifhywfoufaomtcsufxnfhoGif;&ef/

2/ ukrÜPDrsm;\ rSwfyHkwifpepfwpfckudk xlaxmifNyD; tpDt&ifcHpmrsm;ESifhpm&if;rsm;udk tGefvdkif;wGif vGwfvyfpGm&SmazGEdkif&eftwGuf pm&if;oGif;xm;&ef/

3/ jrefrmEkdifiH&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaumfr&Sif(MIC)u taumiftxnfazmfoihfonfhtcsufrsm;(u) ukrÜPDrsm;\ ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm? wm0ef,lrI&Sdaom

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;jzifh tpD&ifcHpmudk ukrÜPD0ufbfqdk'fwGifxkwfjyefapjcif;ESifh ,if;tpD&ifcHpmudk DICA u twnfjyKay;jcif;/

(c) ukrÜPDrsm;udk epfemrIukpm;a&;,EÅ&m;wpf&yf xlaxmifapNyD; wm0ef&SdolESifhtao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk DICA ESifhoufqdkif&m0efBuD;XmeodkY wifjyap&ef/ epfemrIukpm;a&;,EÅ&m;taumuftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHpma&;om;apjcif;/

4/ tpkd;&wif'gac:,ljcif;ESihfwif'gcsay;jcif;wkdY&Sd wm0ef&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESihfpyfvsOf;onfh b@ma&;r[kwfaom pHowfrSwf

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;\wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'(rlMurf;)wGiftcef;(16)? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;? tydk'f 75 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; jy|ef;csufudkatmufygtwdkif;azmfjyygonf/

75/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolonf-(u) EkdifiHawmftwGif;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdkY\ "avhxHk;wrf;? tpOftvm½dk;&m,Ofaus;rIwkdYudk av;pm;vkdufem&rnf/(c) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfaqmif&eftwGuftpkpyfvkyfief; okdYr[kwf wpfOD;wnf;ykdifvkyfief; okdYr[kwf ukrÜPDudk wnfqJOya'rsm;ESihftnD zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&rnf odkYr[kwf rSwfyHkwif&rnf/(*) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiH\wnfqJOya'rsm;ESihf þOya't& xkwfjyefaomenf;Oya'rsm;? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;?trdefYaMunmpmrsm;? trdefYESihfñTefMum;csufrsm;? oabmwlpmcsKyfyg pnf;urf;rsm;ESihftcGefqdkif&mwm0ef&SdrItygt0if 4if;wdkYtm;xkwfay;xm;aomtxl;jyKvkdifpif? cGihfjyKrdefYESihfvkyfief;aqmif&GufcGihfvufrSwfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh pnf;urf;csufrsm;? owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESihftnD vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/(C)&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;onf 4if;wkdYiSm;&rf;cGihf&&Sdxm;aom odkYr[kwf toHk;jyKcGifh&&Sdxm;aomajr\ ajray:ajratmufwGif cGihfjyKxm;onfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ESihf pyfvsOf;rIr&Sdaom? rlvoabmwlpmcsKyfwGif ryg0ifaom obm0wGif;xGufypönf;rsm; odkYr[kwfa&S;a[mif;ypönf;rsm;ESihf &wemodkuf tp&SdonfwkdYudkawGU&Sdygu aumfr&SifxHokdY csufcsif;owif;ay; taMumif;Mum;jcif;? aumfr&Sifu cGihfjyKvQif ,if;ajray:ü qufvufvkyfudkifEkdifjcif;? qufvufvkyfudkifcGifhr&&Sd

(pmrsufESm - 15 odkY)

14

csufrsm;yg0if&rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk yGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sdatmifaqmif&Guf&ef/

5/ obm0o,HZmwwl;azmfa&;ESifhywfoufí EITI \ pHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef/

jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;odkY tBuHjyKxm;onfrsm;yGifhopfp pDrHcsuf 'kwd,tBudrf tpD&ifcHpmrS jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;odkY tcsuf

9 csufjzifh tBuHjyKxm;onf/ ,if;tcsuf 9 csufrS jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;taejzifhodoifhonfrsm;udk atmufygtcsufrsm;tjzpf tESpfcsKyfazmfjytyfygonf/

1/ urÇmhpHcsdefpHnTef;ESifhtnD tpD&ifcHpmrsm;a&;om;Edkif&efrlabmifwpf&yfcsrSwfxm;&ef/

2/ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk 0ufbfqdk'frStvG,fwul&,lEdkif&ef pDpOfxm;&ef/3/ t*wdvdkufpm;rIwdkufzsufa&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJí taumiftxnfazmf

&ef? owif;tcsuftvufrsm; xkwfjyefay;&efESifh tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef/

4/ tpdk;&odkY wifjyonfh aiGpm&if;rsm;? obm0ywf0efusif;ESifhvlrIb0oufa&mufrIqef;ppfavhvmrIrsm;udk xkwfjyef&ef/

5/ usef;rma&;? vlUtcGifhta&;ESifh xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;twGuf udkifwG,fajz&Sif;cJhonfrsm;udk xkwfjyef&ef/

6/ obm0o,HZmw wl;azmfa&;ESifhywfoufí EITI \ pHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD aqmvsifpGm azmfjyxm;&ef/

yGifhopfp pDrHcsuf 'kwd,tBudrf tpDt&ifcHpm\ jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;odkY tBuHjyKcsuftESpfcsKyfrSm oufqdkif&mvkyfief;cGifESifhywfoufonfh owif;tcsuftvuf? vkyfaqmifrIrsm;? aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESifh trsm;jynfolyGifhvif;jrifompGmod&Sdoifhonfhtcsufrsm;udk tcsdefESifhwpfajy;nD xkwfjyefay;xm;&efjzpfonf/

vTwfawmfodkY tBuHjyKxm;onfrsm;yGifhopfp pDrHcsuf 'kwd,tBudrf tpDt&ifcHpmrS vTwfawmfodkY tcsuf 2

csufjzifh tBuHjyKxm;onf/ ,if;tcsuf 2 csufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/1/ ukrÜPDtufOya'Murf;ESihf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'Murf;rsm;udk jyifqifcsdef

wGif jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;odkY tMuHjyKcsufrsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ef/

2/ yGifhvif;jrifomNyD; trsm;jynfolod&Sdatmif wif'gac:,ljcif;ESifhwif'gcsay;jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qufvufvkyfaqmifNyD; tjiif;yGm;zG,fqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk trsm;jynfolodatmif rD;armif;xkd;jyay;&ef/

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHoltodkif;t0dkif;odkY tBuHjyKxm;onfrsm;yGifhopfp pDrHcsuf 'kwd,tBudrf tpDt&ifcHpmrS &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHoltodkif;

t0dkif;odkY tcsuf 2 csufjzifh tBuHjyKxm;onf/ ,if;tcsuf 2 csufrSmatmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/

1/ wm0ef,lrI&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;u@wGif EkdifiHwumpHEIef;rsm;ESihf

&efukefNrdKU? AdkvfcsKyfvrf;&Sd pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mtaqmuftOD;rsm;/EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI ukrÜPDaygif; 3043 ckonf

jrefrmEdkifiHodkY vma&mufívkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufaeaMumif; od&onf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

15

udkufnD&ef okdYr[kwf ausmfvGefap&efESihf ,if;wkdY\ vkyfief;vnfywfrIrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;onfh tEÅ&m,fjzpfEkdifajcrsm;ESihf oufa&mufrIrsm;ukdrnfokdYpDrHcefYcGJonfqkdonfukd aumif;rGefpGmtpD&ifcHap&ef jrefrmukrÜPDrsm;ESihfxdawGUaqmif&GufrIjyK&ef/

2/ jyifytzGJUtpnf;wpfckcku ppfaq;xm;aom tm;udk;xkdufonfh tcsuftvufrsm;ay;&ef ukrÜPDrsm;tm; wGef;tm;ay;&ef/

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;u@ wm0ef,lrI&Sda&; taxmuftuljyKXme\ yGifhopfptpD&ifcHpm('kwd,tBudrf)udk http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/pdf/

TiME/2015-2nd-Pwint-Thit-Sa-Report.pdf wGif,lí tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk avhvmEdkifygonf/ ,if;tzGJUonf trSwf(15)? &Srf;&dyfomvrf;? prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU? zkef;-01-510069 wGif wnf&Sdygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifUukrÜPDrsm; ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme\ukrÜPDrSwfyHkwifjcif;qdkif&m vrf;nTefpmtkyf

ukrÜPDrSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&m vrf;nTefpmtkyfudk ,cktcg DICA \ 0ufbfqdkuf www.dica.gov.mm wGif vG,fulpGmzwf½IEdkifygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vQifjrefpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihfukrÜPDrsm; nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme(DICA)onf “How to register your company in Myanmar” trnf&SdukrÜPDrSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&mvrf;nTefpmtkyfudk xkwfjyefcJhygonf/ ,cifuukrÜPDrSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&mvrf;nTefcsufrsm;twGuf DICA ½kH;odkY vludk,fwdkifoGm;a&muf&efvdktyfcJhaomfvnf; ,cktcgwGifrl PDF zdkiftm; tifwmeufrStvG,fwulyif&,lzwf&Iedkifygonf/

þvrf;nTefpmtkyfudk &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihf ukrÜPDrsm; nTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmeESihf *smreDEdkifiHrS EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;jzpfonhf Deutsche Gesellschaftfür

Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)wdkYyl;aygif;í a&;qGJcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/,if;vrf;nTefpmtkyfwGif ukrÜPDtrsdK;tpm;tm;vkH;twGuf rSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&maqmif&GufykHtqihfqihfrsm;ESihf ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif&mwGifvdktyfrnhf pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;tm; &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkYtjyif &efukef½kH;csKyfESihfe,fNrdKUrsm;&Sd½kH;cGJrsm;odkY qufoG,fEdkifrnhf w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrsm;ESihf tD;ar;vfvdyfpmrsm;udkvnf;xnhfoGif;azmfjyxm;&Sdygonf/ þvrf;nTefpmtkyfonf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tcGihftvrf;zGHUNzdK;a&;twGufta&;BuD;aom tqihfwpfcktjzpfcsrSwfEdkifrnf[k DICA taejzihf arQmfvihfygonf/ þvrf;nTefpmtkyfonf,cktcgwGif t*FvdyfbmomjzihfyifjzpfNyD; jrefrmbmomjzihf vrf;nTefpmtkyftm;rMumrDwGifxkwfa0rnf jzpfygonf/ tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udkwww.dica.gov.mm odkY 0ifa&mufMunhf½IEdkifygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm; nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xmeonf trSwf(1)? opömvrf;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU? zkef;-01-1657891? tD;ar;[email protected] wGif wnf&Sdygonf/

tcsuftvuf&if;jrpf - jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifhukrÜPDrsm; nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme

(pmrsufESm - 13 rS)vQif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolu a&G;cs,fwifjyonfhae&mwpfcktm; tpm;xkd;cGihfjyKcsuf&,líajymif;a&TUaqmif&Guf&rnf/(i) rdrdiSm;&rf;cGihf odkYr[kwf toHk;jyKcGihf&&Sdaom ajr\obm0 ajrrsufESmoGifjyif okdYr[kwf ajrtedrfhtjrihf taetxm;tm;odomxif&Sm;pGmajymif;vJrIudk aumfr&Sif\ cGihfjyKcsufr&SdbJ rjyKvkyf&/(p) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;taejzihf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIvkyfief;ESihfpyfvsOf;í jrefrmEkdifiH\ wnfqJOya'rsm;? enf;Oya'rsm;? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESihf EkdifiHwumwGif usifhoHk;onfhtaumif;qHk; pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;ESihftnDobm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIywf0ef;usif xdcdkufysufpD;rI? npfnrf;rI? epfemrI rjzpfap&ef vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/(q) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolonf vkyfief;qkdif&mpm&if;Z,m;rsm;? ESpfywfvnf aiGpm&if;rsm;ESihfvkdtyfonfhb@ma&;qdkif&mudpö&yf rsm;udk EkdifiHwumtodtrSwfjyK pm&if;tif;pHEIef;rsm;ESihftnD aumif;rGefpGm jyKpkrSwfwrf;wifxm;&Sd&rnf/(Z) &if;EDS;jr§KyfEHSolrsm;onf yk'fr 76 wGifjy|mef;owfrSwfxm;onfh wm0ef&SdrI tm;vHk;udk þOya'tmPmouf0ifonfhaeYrSpívdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf/(ps) &if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSolonf 4if;\vkyfief;wGiftBuD;wef;pDrHcefYcGJrI? enf;ynm? ynm&SifESihftMuHay;ae&mrsm;wGif EkdifiHom;rsm;jznhfpGufcefYtyfEkdif&eftwGuf EkdifiHom;vkyfom;rsm;udkpGrf;&nfjr§ihfwifrItpDtpOfrsm; jyKvkyfay;&rnf/

udk;um;/ /jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'(rlMurf;)

jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'onfrlMurf;tqifhwGifom&SdNyD; twnfjyK jy|mef;jcif;

r&Sdao;yg/ Oya'rlMurf;wGif tcef;aygif;(23)cef;yg0ifonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'(rlMurf;)udk

http://dica.gov.mm.x-aas.net wGif &,lEdkifygonf/

16

jrefrmEdkifiHESifUjynfywdkuf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

&mjynfUjynfywkduf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (Foreign Direct

Investment-FDI) onf EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;twGuf ta&;ygvSaom t"dutcsufrsm;teufrS wpfcsufjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwpf&yf\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItqihfonf a&&SnfpD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIudk tqHk;tjzwfjyKay;Ekdifaom tcsufvnf;jzpfonf/

odkYjzpfí jrefrmEkdifiHtpdk;&u 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif;rS pwifum jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jynfywkduf½dkuf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm; wkd;yGm;vmap&ef aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfukd pwifusihfoHk;apcJhonfhtjyifyk*¾vdu&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwkdYtwGuf jrefrmEkdifiH\pD;yGm;a&;wHcg;udk zGihfvSpfay;jcif; ponfjzifh wGef;tm;ay;aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf/

or®wOD;odef;pdefvufxuf 2012 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvtwGif;u twnfjyKxkwfjyefcJhaom EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'onf jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;twGuf usifhoHk;onfhOya'jzpfonf/

2015 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGifrl &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'rlMurf;wpf&yfudk jynfolwkdYxHrS oabmxm;rSwfcsufawmif;cH&ef tpkd;&u xkwfjyefay;cJhonf/tqdkyg Oya'rlMurf;onf 2013 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'ESihf 2012 ckESpf EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'wkdYudk aygif;pnf;um jyifqifa&;qGJxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; twnfjyKNyD;ygu tqkdygOya'ESpf&yfudk tpm;xkd;jy|mef;rnfhOya'jzpfonf/

&efukefNrdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;wGif wnfaqmufvsuf&Sdaom Sule Square taqmuftOD;udk Edk0ifbm 8&uf a&G;aumufyGJtNyD; awGU&pOf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

17

Oya'ygtcGihfta&;rsm;EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'u jynfy&if;ESD;jr§Kyf

ESHolrsm;udk qGJaqmifEkdif&eftwGuf topf0ifa&mufvmrnfh jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;tm; tcGefuif;vGwfcGihf ig;ESpfay;jcif;? taumufcGefuif;vGwfcGifhoHk;ESpf?jynfywifykdYukefypönf;rsm;twGuf ukefoG,fcGefoufomcGihfay;jcif;? vkyfief;wkd;csJU&ef pufypönf;rsm;ESihftjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; wifoGif;jcif;twGuf jynfwGif;tcGeftcrsm;ESihf taumufcGefuif;vGwfcGihfjyKjcif; ponfh rufvHk;rsm;udkvnf; ay;tyfrnfjzpfonf/tjcm;qGJaqmifrIrsm;

Oya't& ay;tyfxm;aom tcGihfta&;rsm;tjyif jrefrmEkdifiH\ o,HZmw<u,f0rI? pdkufysKd;ajraygrsm;rI? a&t&if;tjrpf<u,f0rI? vkyfom;tiftm;pk jynfhpHkvHkavmufrIwkdYuvnf; jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;tm;aumif;pGm qGJaqmifEkdifaomtcsufrsm; jzpfonf/

urÇmhausmufpdrf;xkwfvkyfrI\ 90 &mcdkifEIef;udkjrefrmEkdifiHu xkwfvkyfay;aeNyD; tpdk;&\ w&m;0ifxkwfjyefaom udef;*Pef;rsm;t& 2011 ckESpftwGif;ausmufpdrf;avvHa&mif;cs&aiGrSm tar&duefa':vm 1.7 bDvsHtxd &SdcJhonf/ EkdifiHa&;wnfNidrfrIr&Sdao;aom jrefrmjynfajrmufzsm;a'orsm;rS w&m;r0iful;oef;a&mif;0,frIrsm;udk xnfhoGif;wGufcsufrnfqkdygu 40 &mcdkifEIef;cefY xyfaqmif;wGufcsuf&rnfjzpfaMumif; uRrf;usifolwkdYu cefYrSef;Muonf/

urÇmhausmufrsuf&wemxkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;wGif xdyfwef;pm&if;0ifEkdifiHwpfckjzpfaom jrefrmEkdifiHonf ywåjrm;xkwfvkyfrIwGif urÇmhtqifh]av;}&SdNyD; eDvmxkwfvkyfrIwGif tqifh]udk;}&SdaMumif; 2015 ckESpftwGif; xkwfjyefcJhaom w&m;0iftpD&ifcHpmrsm;t& od&Sd&onf/

xkdYtjyif jrefrmEkdifiHonf tus,ft0ef;tm;jzihfurÇmhtqihf 38 om&Sdaomfvnf; pdkufysKd;xGef,ufEkdifaom ajrtus,ft0ef;rSm urÇmhtqifh 25 txd&Sdonfhtjyif vlwpfOD;csif; a&ay;a0EkdifpGrf;rSmw½kwfEkdifiHESihf tdEd,EkdifiHwkdYxuf q,fqcefYomvGefonf/ touf 15 ESpfrS 64 ESpftwGif;&SdtvkyfvkyfEkdifaom vkyfom;tiftm;pkrSmvnf; tm;

aumif;vSonf/yx0Dtaetxm;t&vnf; tdEd,ESihfw½kwf

EkdifiH ponfhvlOD;a&xlxyfvSaom EkdifiHBuD;rsm;ESifhuyfvsufwnf&Sdaeojzihf urÇmhtBuD;rm;qHk;aps;uGufBuD;rsm;ESihf wpfqufwnf; wnf&Sdaeonf[kyif qkdEkdifygonf/t[efYtwm;rsm;

jrefrmEkdifiH\ rsm;jym;vSaom tm;omcsufrsm;qGJaqmifcsufrsm;ESihf Oya't& ay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhtvrf;rsm;pGm&Sdaevifhupm;? jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdYtaejzihf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESH&rnfhEkdifiHudk a&G;cs,f&mwGif tav;xm;pOf;pm;avh&Sdonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk qef;ppfMunhfygu &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdYudk [efYwm;aeaom twm;tqD;taESmifht,Sufrsm;udkvnf;jrifawGU&rnfjzpfonf/EdkifiHa&;rl0g'

jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;udk t"dut[efYtwm;jzpfaponfhtcsufrSm EkdifiHa&;rl0g'rsm;yifjzpfonf/

ppftkyfcsKyfa&; acwftqufqufatmufwGifpD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYta&;,lrIrsm;ESihf &ifqkdifMuHKawGUcJh&aom jrefrmEkdifiHonf or®wOD;odef;pdefvufxufjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; pwifaqmif&GufvmcsdefrSpí EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0kdif;\vufurf;BudKqdkrIrsm;ESihftwl pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqkdYrIrsm; ajzavQmhay;jcif; a<u;NrDrsm; avQmfay;jcif; ponfjzihf EkdifiHzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;tcGifhtvrf;aumif;rsm; pwifykdifqkdifvmcJh&onf/

odkY&mwGif EkdifiH\rl0g'a&;&m ra&&mrI jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; aemufaMumif;jyefvSnfhrnfhtajctaeay:xGef;vmrIwkdYtjyif jyify&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolESihf EkdifiHawmfwdkYtMum;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;u &if;ESD;

jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;udk

t"dut[efhtwm;jzpfaponfUtcsufrSm

EdkifiHa&;rl0g'rsm;yifjzpfonf/

18

jr§KyfESHolwkdYudk wGefYqkwfapcJhonf/,if;tjyif obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;

qkdif&m? Oya'xdef;ausmif;rItm;enf;onfh tpdk;&\ysufuGufrIrsm;uvnf; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdY ar;cGef;xkwfzG,f&mrsm;jzpfonf/

pifppfwGifrl &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHoltrsm;tjym;u2015 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvwGif usif;yrnfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJtm; rnfrQaomtwkdif;twmtxd yGihfvif;vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&Gufay;vmrnfqdkonfudkapmifhMunfhaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ a&G;aumufyGJtvGefumvwGif vuf&SdtmPm&tpkd;&\ wkHYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJvkyfief;pOfrsm; qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;&ef vuf&Sdtpkd;&u qE´&Sd? r&Sdxkwfazmfjyonfh ta&;ygaomtñTef;wpf&yftjzpfrSwf,lapmihfMunhftuJcwfaeMujcif;yifjzpfonf/aiGaMu;qkdif&mrl0g'rsm;

EkdifiHa&;rl0g'rsm;enf;wl jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI0ifa&mufjcif;udk t[efYtwm;jzpfaponfhtcsufwpf&yfrSm aiGaMu;qdkif&mrl0g'? aiGaMu;vJvS,fEIef;qkdif&mrl0g'? a<u;NrDpDrHcefYcGJrIqkdif&mrl0g'rsm; ponfwdkYjzpfMuonf/

jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdYonf aiGaMu;qdkif&mrl0g'rsm;? tcGefqdkif&mrl0g'rsm;? ukefoG,frIqkdif&mrl0g'rsm;? wnfNidrfrIudk vkdvm;Muonf/

jrefrmtpkd;&u EdkifiHawmfA[dkbPftm; A[dkcsKyfudkifrIavQmhcsum oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGmpDrHcefYcGJ cGihfjyKvmojzihf A[dkbPfu aiGvJvS,frIpepfudk jyKjyifajymif;vJum vkyfaqmifcsufaumif;rsm; jyoEkdifcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm; vpmwkd;jr§ihfjcif;?aiGpuúLopfrsm; xyfrH½dkufESdyfjcif; ponfh aiGaMu;azmif;yGrIudk tm;ay;aomvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? aiGaMu;vJvS,fcGihfvkdifpifrsm; ½kyfodrf;jcif;? EkdifiHjcm;

urÇmausmf tar&duefMuufaMumfqdkif KFC udk jrefrmEdkifiH&efukefNrdKUü 2015 ckESpf Zlvdkifv 7 &ufwGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

19

aiGvuf0,fukdifaqmifcGihf ½kyfodrf;jcif; ponfhvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;rSmrl aiGaMu;aps;uGufwnfNidrfrIukdtaxmuftulrjzpfapEkdifcJhyg/tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;jcif;

jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdY pdk;&drfMuavh&Sdaomtjcm;wpfcsufrSm tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;onfhpepfyifjzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiH\ &mZ0wfaMumif;Oya'rsm;ESihfw&m;rOya'rsm;onf udkvkdeDacwf? NAdwdoQOya'rsm;udk yHkpH,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 2011 ckESpf rwfvwGif t&yfom;tpkd;&odkY tmPmvTJtyfNyD;aomfvnf;,ciftkyfcsKyfa&;tqihfqifh&Sd tmPmykdifwkdYu w&m;pD&ifa&;pepftay:wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;?ravsmfMoZmoHk;pGJjcif;wkdY &SdaeqJjzpfonf/

w&m;½Hk;rsm;onfvnf; rsufESmrvkdufbJ vGwfvyfpGm pD&ifqHk;jzwfEkdifpGrf;uif;rJhojzihf a'owGif;tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;a&;pepfrSm ,HkMunfudk;pm;í r&Ekdifay/

xkdYtjyif jrefrmEkdifiHonf International Cen-ter for the settlement of Investment Disputes(ZCSID)ac: &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIqdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufay;onfh EkdifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;odkYvnf;0ifa&mufxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;a&;ESihf ywfoufonfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdY\ ylyefrIukd ajz&Sif;Ekdif&eftwGuf jrefrmtpkd;&u e,l;a,mufuGefAif;&Sif; ac: Conven-tion on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral Awards odkY 2013 ckESpf {NyDvtwGif; 0ifa&mufcJhjcif;jzihf ta&;ygaom vkyfaqmifcsufwpf&yfudk aqmif&GufEkdifcJhonf/

okdY&mwGif e,l;a,mufuGefAif;&Sif;udk taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf vdktyfaomjynfwGif;Oya'rsm;udk jyKpkxkwfjyefEkdifjcif; r&Sdao;yg/ykdifqkdifrIudk umuG,fay;jcif;

Oya't& tumtuG,fay;&ef jy|mef;csufrsm;&Sdaeaomfvnf; v,f,majrodrf;qnf;rItajrmuftrsm;jzpfay:aeaom jrefrmEkdifiH\ w&m;pD&ifa&;pepfü tpkd;&tmPmykdifwkdY 0ifa&mufpGufzufrIESihft*wdvkdufpm;rIrsm;&Sdaejcif;uvnf; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolwkdYtaejzihf pdk;&drfylyifzG,f&m jzpfapygonf/

xkdYtjyif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif pdwful;pdwfoef;ESihfoufqdkifaomykdifqkdifrIudk tumtuG,fjyKonfh

Oya'rsm; vHkavmufpGmr&Sdao;yg/ rlykdifcGihf ukefoG,ftrSwfwHqdyf? vkyfief;trSwfwHqdyf ponfwdkYESihf oufqkdifaomOya'rsm;rSm acwfaemufusaeNyD;tusKd;oufa&mufrIr&SdvSyg/ rlykdifcGihfESihf 'DZdkif;rSwfyHkwifjcif;udk 1911 ckESpf tdEd,rlydkifcGihfESihf 'DZkdif;Oya't&om aqmif&GufaeqJjzpfonf/

jynfyEkdifiHrsm;\ rlykdifcGihfrSwfyHkwifudk Oya't& tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;vnf; r&Sdyg/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ukefoG,frItrSwfwHqdyfudk rSwfyHkwifxm;Ekdifaomfvnf; ukefoG,frItrSwfwHqdyfqdkif&m Oya'r&Sdyg/ pdwful;pdwfoef;ESihf oufqkdifaomydkifqkdifrIcsKd;azmufjcif;rsm;tm; ppfaq;Mum;em&ef oD;oefYw&m;½Hk;rsm; r&Sdjcif;uvnf; oDcsif;pD'D? AD'D,dkponfwkdYudk ckd;ul;a&mif;csaomvkyfief;rsm; jzpfay:vmapcJhonf/

tmqD,HtzGJUBuD;okdY 1997 ckESpfwGif 0ifa&mufcJhNyD;aemuf ASEAN Framework Agreement Intel-

lectual Property Co-operation t& jrefrmtpkd;&u

odyÜHESihfenf;ynm0efBuD;Xme tpDtpOfjzihf rlykdifcGihfqdkif&mOya'av;&yfudk rlMurf;jyKpkapcJhNyD; 2015ckESpftwGif; vTwfawmfokdY wifjyEkdifrnf[k arQmfvifh&ygonf/yGihfvif;jrifomrI

jrefrmEdkifiHonf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESihf Oya'aMumif;qdkif&mrsm;wGif yGifhvif;jrifomrItm;enf;vSonf/ ,cifuqkdygu EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI rSwfyHkwifavQmufxm;jcif;? xkwf&ef oGif;ukefvkdifpifavQmufxm;jcif;? EkdifiHjcm;aiGvJvS,fjcif; ponfhudpö&yfrsm;wGif BudKwifaMunmjcif;r&SdbJ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; tajymif;tvJrsm; jyKvkyfavh&Sdonf/

2014 ckESpfwGif jrefrmtpkd;&u Extractive

jrefrmEdkifiHonf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifU

Oya'aMumif;qdkif&mrsm;wGif

yGifUvif;jrifomrItm;enf;vSonf/

20

Industries Transpareng Initiative (EITI) ac: wGif;xGufvkyfief;rsm;qkdif&m yGifhvif;jrifomrItpDtpOfokdY 0ifa&mufcJhNyD; yGifhvif;jrifomrItm;aumif;a&;?wGef;tm;ay;aqmif&GufvmcJhygonf/t*wdvdkufpm;jcif;

t*wdvkdufpm;rIEIef; jrihfrm;jcif;uvnf; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHvkdolwkdYtwGuf t[efYtwm;wpf&yfjzpfonf/pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Siftrsm;tjym;ESihf vkyfief;&SifwkdYutBuD;qHk;t[efYtwm;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfhtcsufvnf; jzpfonf/

2014 ckESpf Corruption Perceptions Index tpD&ifcHpmu jrefrmEdkifiHudk EdkifiHaygif; 177 EkdifiHteuf tqihf 156 wGif owfrSwfazmfjycJhonf/urÇmhbPfu xkwfjyefaom 2015 Doing Business

Report wGif EkdifiHaygif; 189 EkdifiHteuf jrefrmEkdifiHudk tqihf 177 wGif owfrSwfazmfjycJhonf/

urÇmhbPfu t*wdvdkufpm;rIudk jrefrmEdkifiH\ BuD;rm;aomjyóemwpf&yftjzpf oHk;oyf½Ijrif

wpfOD;csif;0ifaiG *sD'DyDrSmrl rlvcefYrSef;vlOD;a&oef; 60 rS oef;acgifpm&if;ppfwrf;t& 51 oef;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;ojzihf wpfOD;0ifaiG tar&duefa':vmwpfaxmiftxd jrihfwufvmcJhonf/

aiGaMu;azmif;yGrIEIef;xm;rSm 2013-14 b@ma&;ESpfwGif 5.8 &mcdkifEIef;&Sd&mrS 2014-15 b@ma&;ESpfwGif 6 &mcdkifEIef;txd jrihfwufvmonf/taxGaxGpm;aomufukefaps;EIef;rsm; jrihfwufvmjcif;ESihf vQyfppfrDwmcEIef;xm;rsm; jrifhwufvmjcif;wkdYaMumihfjzpfonf[k ,lq&onf/tvkyform;a&;&m

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif 2012 ckESpf rwfvrwdkifrDtxdtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;&yfwnfcGihfr&SdcJhaomfvnf; 2011 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif jy|mef;cJhaom tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;Oya't&acwfopfjrefrmEdkifiHorkdif;wGif tajccHtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yxrqHk;tBudrftjzpf tNydKif;t½dkif;xGufay:vmcJhonf/

2015 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dvpm&if;t& tajccHtqihftvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; 1100 0ef;usifcefY&SdNyD; vkyfief;u@e,fy,ftoD;oD;wGif zGJUpnf;wnf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; zGJUpnf;cGihfjyKonfh &nf&G,fcsufaumif;rGefaomfvnf; ,if;wkdYudkxdef;ausmif;Ekdifrnfh ywf0ef;usiftajctaewpf&yfwnfaqmufjcif; rjyK&ao;rD zGJUpnf;cGihfjyKcJhjcif;jzihftajccHtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;pGmwkdYrSm txdef;tuGyfr&SdbJ qE´jyawmif;qdkrIrsm; jyKvkyfvmcJhMuonf/ nd§EIdif;zsefajza&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;rSmvnf; wdusjywfom;jcif;r&Sdojzihf tvkyf&SifESihftvkyform;tMum; csdefn§day;&eftcuftcJrsm; jzpfay:cJh&onf/

vkyfom;tiftm;pktm;aumif;aomfvnf; uRrf;usifvkyfom;&Sm;yg;rI? pDrHcefYcGJa&;0efxrf;rsm; &Sm;yg;rIwkdY &Sdaeonf/ touf 15 ESpfrS 39 ESpft&G,ftwGif;&Sd vkyfom;trsm;pkrSm enf;ynmuRrf;usifrIcsKdUwJhjcif;? t*Fvdyfpmpum;uRrf;usifrI tm;enf;jcif;wkdYudk awGU&onf/ tpkd;&0efBuD;Xmeu oifMum;a&;tpDtpOfrsm; csrSwfaqmif&Gufay;aomfvnf;jynfhpHkvHkavmufrIr&Sdao;yg/

tpdk;&u tvkyfvufrJhEIef;xm;udk w&m;0ifxkwfjyefaMunmjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; 20 &mcdkifEIef;cefY&Sdrnf[k cefYrSef;&onf/

xm;qJjzpfonf/*sD'DyDESihf aiGaMu;azmif;yGrI

jrefrmEkdifiH\ *sD'DyDwkd;wufrIEIef;rSm 2012-13 b@ma&;ESpfwGif 7.3 &mcdkifEIef;&SdcJh&mrS 2013-14 b@ma&;ESpfwGif 8.3 &mcdkifEIef;txd jrihfwufvmonf/ aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;? xkwfvkyfa&;ESihf0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm; tm;aumif;vmjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ 2014-15 b@ma&;ESpfwGifrl v,f,mu@ü wkd;wufrIavsmhusjcif;aMumihf *sD'DyDwkd;EIef;rSm 7.8 &mcdkifEIef;cefYtxd avsmhusoGm;rnf[k cefYrSef;&onf/

xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;ESifUc&D;oGm;vkyfief;wdkh

qufvufzGYH NzdK;wdk;wufvmygu

jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;udk

xyfrHqGJaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif;

apmifUMunfUavUvmolwdkhu

oHk;oyfxm;Muonf/

21

&if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrI0ifa&mufyHkrnfodkYjzpfap jrefrmEkdifiHokdY jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrI

rsm; 0ifa&mufvmapa&;twGuf tvm;tvmaumif;rsm; ,ckwkdif&SdaeqJjzpfonf/ NyD;cJhonfh q,fpkESpfrsm;twGif; &&SdcJhonfh jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwkdYrSmobm0o,HZmwvkyfief;rsm;wGifom t"du0ifa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; xkwfvkyfa&;ESihf0efaqmifrIu@rsm;odkY tenf;tusOf;rQom 0ifa&mufcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif rMumrDESpfykdif;rsm;rSpwifí jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI 0ifa&mufykHajymif;vJpjyKvmcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 2011ckESpfrSpí jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrItajrmuftrsm; 0ifa&mufcJhaom a&eHESihfobm0"mwfaiGUvkyfief;? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;? qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;? c&D;oGm;vkyfief;? vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;vkyfief;? owåKwGif;vkyfief;? pdkufysKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;ESihfa&vkyfief;u@wkdYrSm ,cktcg jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI0ifa&mufEIef;tenf;qHk; jzpfvmcJhayNyD/

xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;ESihf c&D;oGm;vkyfief;wdkYqufvufzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufvmygu jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;udk xyfrHqGJaqmifEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif; apmihfMunhfavhvmolwdkYu oHk;oyfxm;Muonf/

odkY&mwGif urÇmhbPfu xkwfjyefaom 2014

Enterprise Services Report u jrefrmEkdifiH\ &if;ESD;

jr§KyfESHrItajctae zGHUNzdK;vmapa&;twGuf aiGaMu;u@? ajr,mu@? vQyfppfu@ESifh uRrf;usifvkyfom;arG;xkwfa&; ponfhe,fy,frsm;wGif jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;pGm jyKvkyf&ef ta&;wBuD;vkdtyfvsuf&SdaMumif; a&;om;azmfjyoGm;cJhonf/ed*Hk;

Edk0ifbm 8 &ufaeY a&G;aumufyGJ&v'frsm;t&tpkd;&tzGJUtajymif;tvJwpf&yfjzpfay:&ef tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;pGm ay:xGef;aeNyDjzpf&m EkdifiHawmftusKd;pD;yGm;a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;twGuf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfaom jynfy&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;udk zdwfac:qGJaqmif&mwGif EkdifiHa&;rl0g'tajymif;tvJudkomrupDrHcefYcGJa&;qdkif&m t[efYtwm;rsm;jzpfaom txufazmfjyygtcsufrsm;udk tav;teufoHk;oyfjyifqifjcif;jzihfEkdifiHawmftusKd;pD;yGm;a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufaprnfh tajccHaumif;rsm;udk csrSwfEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/

Ref: 17 Foreign DirectInvestmentin Myanmar dated 24-25 July 2015

by Dr.Thin Thin Kyi, Lecturer,International Relations Department,

Mandalay University, Myanmar.21 Burma Investment Climate

May 2015, by James J-Shea,Economic Officer, Us Embassy, Myanmar

&mjynfh

&efukefNrdKU? r[mAE¨Kvyef;NcHvrf;&Sd jrefrmhEdkifiHjcm; ukefoG,frIbPfudk Edk0ifbm 8 &uf a&G;aumufyGJtNyD;wGif awGU&pOf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

22

*sme,faps;EIef;ESifh aMumfjimcEIef;xm;

Info Digest *sme,fjrefrmEdkifiH\ ajymif;vJaeaom tajctaersm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&; tp&Sdonfh EdkifiHom;wdkif; odoifhodxdkufaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk pmzwfolrsm; tcsdefwdktwGif;od&SdEdkif&ef owif;tcsuftvuftESpfcsKyf*sme,ftjzpf Info Digest *sme,fudkpDpOfwnf;jzwfxkwfa0ygonf/

*sme,f\ aps;EIef;

Info Digest *sme,fudk 2016 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvrSpwifí ESpfywfvQifwpfBudrfEIef;jzifh a&mif;csoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ *sme,fwpfapmif\cefYrSef;wefzdk;rSm 600 usyf jzpfygonf/ wpfvvQif ESpfapmifEIef;jzifh xkwfa0rnfjzpfygaomaMumifh wpfvvQif ESpfapmiftwGuf1200 usyf usoifhygrnf/ vtvdkuf? ESpftvdkuf usoifhrnfh aps;EIef;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf/

vtvdkuf? ESpftvdkuf aps;EIef;1/ (1)v - 2 apmif _ 600 usyf = 1200 usyf2/ (3)v - 6 apmif _ 600 usyf = 3600 usyf3/ (6)v - 12 apmif _ 600 usyf = 7200 usyf4/ (12)v - 24 apmif _ 600 usyf = 14400 usyf

*sme,fwGif aMumfjimEdkifrnfh aps;EIef;

Info Digest *sme,fudk 2016 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvrSpwifí ESpfywfvQifwpfBudrfEIef;jzifh a&mif;csoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkpmapmifrSpwifíaMumfjimrsm;udk *sme,f\ a&SUtwGif;tzHk;? aemufzHk;ESifh aemuftwGif;tzHk;wdkYwGif vufcHxnfhoGif;oGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ Info Digest

*sme,fudk 0efBuD;Xmersm;? tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;? t&yfbuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhtoif;tzGJUtoD;oD;odkY wdkuf½dkufjzefYoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/

Info Digest *sme,f\ aMumfjimcEIef;xm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/

aMumfjimcEIef;xm;(wpfBudrfEIef;)1/ *sme,f\ a&SUtwGif;tzHk; - 600000 usyf(ajcmufodef;)2/ *sme,f\ aemuftwGif;tzHk; - 600000 usyf(ajcmufodef;)3/ *sme,f\ aemuftzHk; - 800000 usyf(&Spfodef;)

rSwfcsuf/ / aMumfjimxnfhoGif;onfh aMumfjim&SifudkaMumfjimxnfhoGif;xm;onfh umvtwGif;*sme,fapmifa& 100 udk arwÅmvufaqmifay;tyfrnfjzpfNyD; aMumfjim&Sif\ vkyfief;cGiftwGif;&Sd XmecGJrsm;? ½Hk;cGJrsm;ESifhay;ydkYapvdkonfh ae&mXmetoD;oD;odkY wdkuf½dkufay;ydkY ay;ygrnf/

Info Digest *sme,f jzefYcsdonfhyHkpHInfo Digest *sme,fudk 2016 ckESpf Zefe0g&DrSpwifí ESpfywfvQif wpfBudrfxkwfa0&mwGif pmtkyfta&mif;qdkifrsm;wGif wifoGif;a&mif;cs

rnfr[kwfyJ? Xmeqdkif&mrsm;? ukrÜPDrsm;? t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhtzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;wdkYrSrSmMum;onfh ta&twGuftwdkif; wdkuf½dkufjzefYcsda&mif;csrnfjzpfygonf/ aiGay;acsjcif;udk bPfpepfjzifhjzpfap? wdkuf½dkufaiGay;acsjcif;jzifhjzpfap ay;acsEdkifygonf/

Info Digest Media HouseInfo Digest Media House udk 2015 ckESpf arvwGif pwifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ Info Digest Media House taejzifh 2 ywf wpfBudrfxkwf

*sme,fwpfapmifudk Info Digest *sme,ftrnfjzifh 2016 ckESpf Zefe0g&DrSpwifí xkwfa0Edkif&ef jyifqifvsuf&Sdygonf/ 2015 ckESpfatmufwdkbm? Edk0ifbmESifh 'DZifbmvrsm;wGif Info Digest Journal txl;pmapmifrsm;udk wpfvvQif wpfBudrftcrJh xkwfa0oGm;rnfjzpfygonf/

rjzLyGifhaZmf(aps;uGufwm0efcH)

23

2015 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGifwdkif;a'oBuD;ESifUjynfe,ftvdkuftEdkif&&SdcJUMuaom ygwDrsm;\tajctaeESifUñTef;udef;rsm;

2015 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ&v'frsm;udk trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf½Hk;a&SUwGif apmifhqdkif;Munfh½IaeonfhrJqE´&Sifjynfolrsm;udk Edk0ifbm(8)&ufnaeydkif;u awGU&pOf/

"mwfyHk-cefYnm;armifarmif"mwfyHk-cefYnm;armifarmif

24

wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifU jynfe,frsm;&SdvTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctae

rEÅav;wkdif;a'oBuD;

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 28 NrdKUe,fUSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 28 NrdKUe,f

jynfolYvTwfawmfrJqEé,fta&twGuf - 28

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfrJqEé,fta&twGuf- 12

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12

USDP

&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 45 NrdKUe,fUSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEe,f - 44 NrdKUe,f('*HkNrdKUopfawmifydkif;rNydKif)




wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfrJqEé,fta&twGuf- 90

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 90USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 89(qdyfBuD;^caemifwdk(1)rNydKif)

&efukefwdkif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

44

12

87

NLD

1 03

jynfolYvTwfawmf

wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmftrsKd;om;vTwfawmf

qE´rJay;&ef apmifhqdkif;aeMuolrsm;/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

25

rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD;







25

12

50

NLD

rauG;wdkif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

jynfolYvTwfawmf



NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqE´e,f - 55 (csrf;at;ompH(1)rNydKif)USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqE´e,f - 56

rEÅav;wdkif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

rSwfcsuf/ / wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf rJqEe,fcsrf;at;ompHtrSwf(1)wGif 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (jrefrm) u (1)ae&m tEdkif&&Sdonf/

47 jynfolYvTwfawmf


24

10

NLD USDP

4 2 8

qE´rJay;&efapmifhqdkif;aeNyD; rJ½HkyHkpHudk avhvmaeolwpfOD;/

26

ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oBuD;






NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqE´e,f - 74USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEe,f -72(aumvif;(2)? yifvnfbl;(2)rNydKif)

yJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD;







27

12

54

10 2

yJcl;wkdif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

NLD USDP

jynfolYvTwfawmf


qE´rJay;&eftwGuf rSwfyHkwif? oufaocHvufrSwfwdkYESifhtwlapmifhqdkif;aeMuaom rJqE´&Sifrsm;/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

27

ppfudkif;wkdif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

rSwfcsuf/ / wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf rJqEe,f[kr®vif;(1)wGif wdkif;vdkif (&Srf;eD)trsKd;om;rsm;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD(T.N.D.P)u (1) ae&m tEkdif&&Sdygonf/

36

68

121 0

5

NLD USDP

jynfolYvTwfawmf


{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;







{&m0wDwkdif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

25

12

49

10

3

NLD USDP

jynfolYvTwfawmf


qE´rJay;tNyD; NyHK;&TifpGmawGU&onfh rJqE´&SifwpfOD;ESifha&G;aumufyGJodkY EdkifiHwumrSvma&mufavhvmolaersm;/

28

jynfe,fvTwfawmfrJqE´e,fta&twGuf-14


u,m;jynfe,f





weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;





wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfrJqE´e,fta&twGuf-20


weoFm&Dwkdif;twGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

10 1220

NLD

jynfolYvTwfawmf


cdkifvHkrJ? y,frJrsm;udk ppfaq;a&wGufaeMuolrsm;ESifhrJ½HktzGJU0ifrsm;udk Edk0ifbm 8 &uf naeydkif;u awGU&pOf/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

29

u&ifjynfe,f







u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

rSwfcsuf/ / jynfe,fvTwfawmf rJqE´e,foHawmifBuD;(2) wGif u&if jynfolYygwD u (1)ae&m tEkdif&&Sdygonf/

6 10

NLD USDP

jynfolYvTwfawmf

jynfe,fvTwfawmftrsKd;om;vTwfawmf

101 2 3

u,m;jynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

rSwfcsuf/ / trsKd;om;vTwfawmf rJqE´e,ftrSwf(9)wGif wpfoD;yk*¾v u (1)ae&m tEdkif&&Sdygonf/

6 9

NLD USDP

jynfolYvTwfawmf


111 2 3

rJ½HktwGif; rJqE´&Sifrsm;\ qE´rJrsm;udk a&wGufaeMuaomrJ½HktzGJU0ifrsm;udk Edk0ifbm 8 &ufnaeydkif;wGif awGU&pOf/

30

csif;jynfe,f

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 9 NrdKUe,f (wD;wdefrNydKif)USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 10 NrdKUe,fZCD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomrJqEé,f - 2 NrdKUe,f (wD;wdef? wGef;ZHwGifom,SOfNydKif)



NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12ZCD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomrJqEé,f - 3 (trSwf-5?6?7 ,SOfNydKif)


NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 18USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 18ZCD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomrJqEé,f - 5 ([m;cg;-2? wD;wdef-1?2? wGef;ZH-

1?2 ,SOfNydKif)

csif;jynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

ucsifjynfe,f

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 18 NrdKUe,fUSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 17 NrdKUe,f (tif*sef;,efrNydKif)KSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomrJqEé,f - 12


7 9

NLD

jynfolYvTwfawmf


12

USDP0 1 4

ZCD

2 2 2


"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

31


NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12KSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomrJqEé,f - 8


NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 36USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 32 (rHpD-2? rkd;armuf-1? csDaAG-2?

tif*sef;,ef-1 rNydKif)KSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 30

ucsifjynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

12 10

NLD

jynfolYvTwfawmf


21

USDP

20

5

KSDP

1 03

rSwfcsuf/ / jynfolYvTwfawmf wGif aemifrGef;? acgifvefzl; ae&mwdkYtwGuf tEkdif&v'faMunmjcif;r&Sday/ aqmhavmfrJqeEé,fwGif vDqltrsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD('l;av;ygwD) u (1) ae&m tEdkif&&Sdygonf/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf wGif rJqEé,ftrSwf(1) ae&mtwGuf tEkdif&v'faMunmjcif;r&Sday/ rJqEé,ftrSwf(5)wGif wpfoD;yk*¾v u (1) ae&m tEkdif&&Sdygonf/ jynfe,fvTwfawmf wGif aemifrGef;(1?2) ESihf acgifvefzl;(1?2) ae&mwdkYtwGuf tEkdif&v'faMunmjcif;r&Sday/ &Srf;wkdif;&if; om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf u (1)ae&m? 'l;av;ygwD u (1) ae&m? pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ESihf'Drdkua&pDygwD (ucsif jynfe,f-p'u) u (1) ae&m tEdkif&&Sdygonf/

rGefjynfe,f

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 10MNP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaomrJqeEé,f - 8 (oxHk? bDvif; rNydKif)



32


NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12MNP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 9 (trSwf-9?11?12 rNydKif)


NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 20MNP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 18 (bDvif; -1?2 rNydKif)

rGefjynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

10 11

NLD

jynfolYvTwfawmf


16

MNP0 1 2

rSwfcsuf/ / jynfe,fvTwfawmf acsmif;qHk(1) wGif rGefa'ovHk;qkdif&m 'Drkdua&pDygwD u (1) ae&m? usKdufra&m(2) wGif jynf axmifpkMuHhcdkifa&;ESihfzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwD u (1) ae&m tEdkif&&Sdyg onf/

&cdkifjynfe,f

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 17 NrdKUe,fUSDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 17 NrdKUe,fANP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 17 NrdKUe,f



NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 11 (trSwf 5 rNydKif)USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 12ANP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f -12


NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 31 (rif;jym;-1? ajryHk-1?armifawm-2 rNydKif)

USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f- 34ANP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 33 (ppfawG-2 rNydKif)

1/ 2016 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 30 &ufwGif vuf&SdvTwfawmfrsm; oufwrf;ukefqHk;rnfjzpfNyD; vTwfawmftopfodkYwm0efrsm; vTJajymif;ay;tyf&rnfjzpfonf/

2/ 2016 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvqef;wGif or®wa&G;cs,fa&;twGuf vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;rsm; ac:,l&rnfjzpfonf/

3/ 2016 ckESpf rwfvukefwGif tpdk;&opfonftmPmvTJajymif;&,lrnfjzpfonf/ vuf&Sdtpdk;&oufwrf;onf 2016 ckESpf rwfv29 &ufwGif ukefqHk;rnfjzpfonf/

udk;um;/ / jrefrmEdkifiHa&G;aumufyGJ tcif; tusif;? ausmfoGifudk?

2015 ckESpf? Mo*kwf? vif;vGefcifpmay

2015 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv 8 &ufa&G;aumufyGJtNyD;

qufvufaqmif&Guf&rnfUvkyfief;rsm;

33

&Srf;jynfe,f

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 42 (rkd;eJ? refwHk? [dkyef? avmufudkif? ukef;Murf;? rufref; rNydKif)

USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 43 ([dkyHk;? qDqkdif? yifavmif;? [dkyef? rufref; rNydKif)

SNLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 37 (11 ae&mrNydKif)

rSwfcsuf/ / rkdif;vm;? aus;oD;? rdkif;&SL;? em;zef;? yefqef;? yef0dkif? rkdif;arm paom 7 NrdKUe,f a&G;aumufyGJ rusif;yyg/



NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 9 (trSwf-10?11?12 rNydKif)USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 11 (trSwf 9 rNydKif)SNLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 8 (trSwf-8?10?11?12 rNydKif)

jynfe,fvTwfawmfrJqEé,fta&twGuf- 96

NLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 86 (10 ae&mrNydKif)USDP 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 88 (8 ae&mrNydKif)SNLD 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom rJqEé,f - 75 (21 ae&mrNydKif)

&ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

12 10

ANP

jynfolYvTwfawmf


22

NLD

4 18

USDP

1 1 3

rSwfcsuf/ / jynfe,fvTwfawmf rJqEe,f ppfawG(2) wGif wpfoD;yk*¾v u (1) ae&m tEdkif&&Sdygonf/

59(c)- rdrdESihf rdrd\rdbESpfyg;vHk; EkdifiHawmf\tmPmydkifeuftwGif;ü arG;zGm;aom wkdif;&if;om;rSjzpfonhf jrefrmEkdifiHom;jzpf&rnf/59(*)- a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH&olonftenf;qHk; touf 45 ESpf jynfhNyD;oljzpf&rnf/59(C)- EdkifiHawmfta&;t&mrsm;jzpfaom EkdifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? umuG,fa&; ponhftjrifrsm;&Sd&rnf/59(p)- rdrdudk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif; rdrd\rdb wpfyg;yg;aomfvnf;aumif; rdrd\ ZeD;(odkYr[kwf) cifyGef;aomfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\w&m;0ifom;orD;wpfOD;OD;aomfvnf;aumif;? xkdw&m;0ifom;orD;wpfOD;OD;\ ZeD;(odkY)cifyGef;aomfvnf;aumif; EkdifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ aus;Zl;opömawmfudk cH,lapmihfa&Smuf½dkaool(odkY)EkdifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ vufatmufcHjzpfol(odkY)wkdif;wpfyg;\ EkdifiHom;jzpfolrsm; rjzpfap&? xkdolrsm;onf EkdifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ vufatmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;?wkdif;wpfyg;\ EkdifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aom tcGihfta&;rsm;ESihf aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udkcHpm;EkdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;rjzpfap&/

udk;um;-2008 zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'

EkdifiHawmfor®wESifU 'k-or®wt&nftcsif; owfrSwfcsuftcsKdY

34

&Srf;jynfe,ftwGif; vTwfawmfoHk;&yftwGuf tEkdif&&SdrItajctaejyyHk

rSwfcsuf/ / jynfolYvTwfawmf wGif - ]]0}}'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (1) ae&m? wtmif;(yavmif)trsKd;om;ygwD (3) ae&m?udk;uefY

'Drdkua&pDESihfnDñGwfa&;ygwD (1)ae&m? wpfoD;yk*¾v (1) ae&m?ytdk0f;trsKd;om;tzGJUcsKyf (PNO) ygwD (3)ae&m tEkdif &&Sdygonf/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf wGif-wtmif;(yavmif)trsKd;om;ygwD u rJqEe,ftrSwf(10)twGuf (1) ae&m? ytdk0f;trsKd;om; tzGJUcsKyf(PNO) ygwDu rJqE´e,ftrSwf(9) (1)ae&m tEdkif &&Sdygonf/ jynfe,fvTwfawmf wGif - ]]0}}'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (2) ae&m? wtmif;(yavmif)trsKd;om;ygwD (7) ae&m? udk;uefY 'Drdkua&pDESihfnDñGwfa&;ygwD (1)ae&m? ]]0}}trsKd;om;pnf; vHk;nDñGwfa&;ygwD (1) ae&m?ytdk0f;trsKd;om;tzGJUcsKyf (PNO)

ygwD (6)ae&m? vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD (1) ae&m? &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdku&uf wpfygwD (1) ae&m toD;oD;tEdkif&&Sdygonf/

jynfolYvTwfawmf


USDP

154

31

123

SNLD

24

NLD

123

22

jynfaxmifpke,fajr



jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfaom aejynfawmfaumifpDwGif jynfolYvTwfawmf(8)ae&mom a&G;aumufyGJudk oD;oefYusif;yjcif;jzpfonf/ ZrÁLoD&d? aZ,smoD&d?'u©dPoD&d? ykAÁoD&d? Owå&oD&d? ysOf;rem;? wyfukef;? v,fa0; wdkYyg0ifonf/

jynfolYvTwfawmf7

NLD USDP

12015 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ&v'frsm;udk tzGJUcsKyfa&SUü

apmifhMunfhí aysmf&TifaeMuaom rJqE´&Sifrsm;/

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

"mwfyHk-

cefYnm;a

rmifa

rmif

35

tEkdif&&SdcJUaom ygwDrsm;tvdkuf oufqkdif&mvTwfawmftwGuf ta&twGufESifU &mcdkifEIef;jyZ,m;

NLD - trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfUSDP- jynfaxmifpkMuHhckdifa&;ESihfzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwDSNLD - &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfDP Myanmar - 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(jrefrm)WDP - ]]0}}'Drdku&ufwpfygwDT.N.D.P - wdkif;vdkif(&Srf;eD)trsKd;om;rsm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwDKPP - u&ifjynfolYygwDL.N.D.P - vDqltrsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD('ll;av;ygwD)UDPKS - pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ESihf'Drdkua&pDygwD(ucsifjynfe,f-p'u)AMDP- rGefa'ovHk;qkdif&m'Drdkua&pDygwDTA/PL - NP- wtmif;(yavmif)trsKd;om;ygwDKDUP - udk;uefY'Drdkua&pDESihfnDñGwfa&;ygwD

PNO - ytkd0f;trsKd;om;tzGJUcsKyfygwDWNUP - ]]0}} trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ygwDLHNDP - vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwDSNDP - &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDMNP - rGeftrsKd;om;ygwDZCD - ZkdrD;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfANP - &cdkiftrsKd;om;ygwDKSDP - ucsifjynfe,f'Drdkua&pDygwDIndependent - wpfoD;yk*¾vCancelled - a&G;aumufyGJ rusif;ye,fajrNot Release - aMunmcsufrxkwfjyef

ygwDtrnf jynfolYvTwfawmf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf wkdif;^jynfe,fvTwfawmf

tEkdif& &mckdifEIef; tEkdif& &mckdifEIef; tEkdif& &mcdkifEIef;NLD 255 79 % 135 80 % 475 75 %

USDP 29 8 % 12 7 % 71 11 %

SNLD 12 3.73 % 3 1.78 % 25 3.96 %DP Myanmar 1 0.2 %WDP 1 0.31 % 2 0.32 %T.N.D.P 1 0.2 %

KPP 1 0.2 %L.N.D.P 1 0.31 % 1 0.2 %UDPKS 1 0.2 %AMDP 1 0.2 %TA/PL - NP 3 0.93 % 1 0.59 % 7 1.11 %KDUP 1 0.31 % 1 0.2 %PNO 3 0. 93 % 1 0.59 % 6 0.95 %WNUP 1 0.2 %LHNDP 1 0.2 %SNDP 1 0.2 %MNP 1 0.59 % 2 0.32 %ZCD 2 0.62% 2 1.19 % 2 0.32 %ANP 12 3.73 % 10 5.95 % 22 3.49 %KSDP 1 0.31 % 3 0.47 %Independent 1 0.31 % 2 1.2 % 1 0.2 %Cancelled 7Not Release 2 1 4

36

wkdif;ESifUjynfe,ftvkduf wkdif;&if;om;a&;&m0efBuD; tEkdif&ygwDrsm;jynfe,f^wkdif; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; ygwDtrnf

rGefjynfe,f (Arm) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(u&if) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(ytdk0fh) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

&ckdifjynfe,f (csif;) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; (&Srf;) wkdif;&if;om; wkdif;vdkif(&Srf;eD)trsKd;om;rsm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD

(csif;) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

&Srf;jynfe,f (Arm) wkdif;&if;om; jynfaxmifpkMuhHckdifa&;ESihfzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwD(ucsif) wkdif;&if;om; wpfoD;yk*¾v(vDql) wkdif;&if;om; 'l;av;ygwD(vm;[l) wdkif;&if;om; vm;[ltrsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD(tif;om;) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(tmcg) wkdif;&if;om; tmcgtrsKd;om;zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD(u,ef;^ya'gif)wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

weoFm&Dwkdif;a'oBuD; (u&if) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; (u&if) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(&cdkif) wkdif;&if;om; &cdkiftrsKd;om;ygwD

{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; (u&if) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(&cdkif) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

yJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD; (u&if) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

csif;jynfe,f 0

ucsifjynfe,f (Arm) wdkif;&if;om; &v'faMunmjcif;r&Sd(&Srf;) wdkif;&if;om; /(vDql) wkdif;&if;om; /(&0rf) wdkif;&if;om; /

u&ifjynfe,f (Arm) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(rGef) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(ytkdY0f) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

u,m;jynfe,f (Arm) wdkif;&if;om; jynfaxmifpkMuhHcdkifa&;ESihfzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwD

rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD; (csif;) wkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

rEÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD; (&Srf;) wdkif;&if;om; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

pkpkaygif; 29

37

udk,fpm;vS,ftrsm;qHk;tEkdif&&SdcJUaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf\wkdif;ESifUjynfe,ftvdkuf tEkdif&&SdrI tajctaejyZ,m;

wkdif;^jynfe,f jynfolYvTwfawmf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf wkdif;^jynfe,fvTwfawmf pkpkaygif;^&mcdkifEIef;

&efukef 45 44 12 12 90 87 143 97 %

rEÅav; 28 24 12 10 56 47 81 84 %

rauG; 25 25 12 12 50 50 87 100 %

ppfudkif; 37 36 12 12 74 68 116 94 %

yJcl; 28 27 12 12 56 54 93 97 %

{&m0wD 26 25 12 12 52 49 86 95 %

weoFm&D 10 10 12 12 20 20 42 100 %

u,m; 7 6 12 9 14 11 26 79 %

u&if 7 6 12 10 14 10 26 79 %

csif; 9 7 12 9 18 12 28 72 %

ucsif 18 12 12 10 36 21 43 65 %

rGef 10 10 12 11 20 16 37 88 %

&cdkif 17 4 12 1 34 8 13 21 %

&Srf; 48 12 12 3 96 22 37 24 %

jynfaxmifpk 8 7 7 87 %

vTwfawmfae&m tEdkif& vTwfawmfae&m tEdkif& vTwfawmfae&m tEdkif& tEkdif& &mckdifEIef;

NLD tpdk;&zGJY cGifU &NyDjrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;wGif jynfolYvTwfawmf ae&m 330 &SdNyD; NrdKUe,f 7 NrdKU e,f rusif;yEkdifonhftwGuf 323 ae&mom usef

&Sdonf/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfae&m 168 &Sdonf/ vTwfawmfESpf&yfaygif;wGif a&G;aumufcHudk,fpm;vS,f 491 OD;ESihf wyfrawmfom;udk,fpm;vS,f 166 OD;? pkpkaygif; 657 OD; pkaygif;í jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfac:,lusif;yrnfjzpfonf/

jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmf? wyfrawmfom;tpktzGJUwkdYrS 'kwd,or®wavmif; 3 OD;wifoGif;cGihf&Sd&m rJtrsm;pk&&Sdolor®wjzpfrnfjzpfí jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif udk,fpm;vS,f 657 OD;\ xuf0ufausmfjzpfaom 329 OD; tEkdif&&Sdaom ygwDuomtpdk;&zGJUEkdif&ef aocsmrnfjzpfonf/ vuf&Sdtajctaet& trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf(NLD) onf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fta&twGuft& vTwfawmfESpf&yfaygif; 390 OD; &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfí tpdk;&zGJUEkdif&ef aocsmvsuf&Sdonf/

2015 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv 14 &ufaeYxkwf EkdifiHydkifowif;pmrsm;wGifvnf; NLD u jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fta&twGuf\ xuf0ufausmfoGm;NyDjzpfí tpdk;&zGJUEdkifNyDjzpfaMumif;(owif;pOf)u aMunmcJhonf/

38

uxdefouFef;taMumif; odaumif;p&m]]ausmif;rSm odrf? ouFef;rSm uxdef}}[laom qkd½dk;pum;udk Ak'¨bmom

jrefrmwdkY Mum;zl;Murnfxifygonf/ ausmif;vSLwmjcif;twlwl odrfausmif;vSLwmu ydkjrwfonf[k qkdvdk&if;jzpfonf/ xkdYtwl ouFef;vSLwmjcif;twlwl uxdefouFef;vSL'gef;cGihf&jcif;u ydkjrwfonf[k qkdvdk&if;jzpfonf/

uxdef[laompum;onf ]]uxde}}[laom ygVdpum;udk jrefrmrIjyKxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xkdpum;\ t"dyÜm,frSm ]]MuHhcdkifjcif;? cdkifcHhjcif;? jrJjrHjcif;}}[líjzpfonf/ xdkt"dyÜm,fudk,lí-(1) uxdeftmedoifonf uxdefcif;aomausmif;wkduftwGif;ü jrJjrHcdkifcHhwnf

whHaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;(2) awmopfyifwdkY awmwGif;rSm aygufa&mufpnfum;BuD;yGm;ouJhodkY cdkifcHh

aomtvSLjzpfjcif;aMumihfvnf;aumif;(3) bk&m;tp&Sdaomolawmfaumif;wdkYu ckdifrmwnfjrJapaom tvSL\obm0

udk csD;rGrf;tyfaomaMumihf uxdefrnf\/(udk;um;- jrefrmq,hfESpfvtaMumif; - armifxif)

uxdefcif;cGifh&rnfh tcsdef&moDoDwif;uRwfvjynhfausmf 1 &ufaeYrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfaeYtxd wpf

vwdwdtcsdefumvtwGif;om vSLcGifh&Sdonf/ usefaomtcsdefrsm;üum; vSLcGifhvHk;0r&Sday/ xkdYjyif uxdefouFef;onf wpfESpfrSwpfv? wpfvrSwpf&uf?wpf&ufrS(wpfausmif;) wpfBudrfom vSLcGifh&Sdonf/

vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;

'kuk#f (ac:) ESpfxyfouFef;BuD;? {uoD? cg;0wfoif;ydkifwdkYjzpfonf/,if;wdkYteuf wpfrsKd;rsKd;udk vSLvQifvnf; uxdeftvSLyifjzpfonf/ tjcm;vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;vnf; tjcHt&Htjzpf vSL'gef;Ekdifonf/ pifppfuxdefouFef;udkvnf; &[ef;? omraP? zkd;olawmfwdkYudkvnf; vSLEkdifonf/

uxdefouFef;tvSLcHxkdufol

vSLenf;tm;jzihf oHCdu'getjzpf oHCmtm; vSL'gef;&rnfjzpfonf/rdrdMunfndKaom&[ef;? oduRrf;aom&[ef;? rdrdudk;uG,faomausmif;wGifausmif;xkdifaom&[ef; paompdwfwGif yk*¾dKvfpGJtm;jzihf &nfpl;xm;aom&[ef;udk rqkdvdk/ oHCm*dkPf;0if &[ef;tpktaygif;tzGJUtpnf;udk &nfpl;rSom oHCmudk &nfpl;onfrnf\/

oHCmawmfrsm;u xkdouFef;udk tvSLcH,lNyD; odrftwGif;ü Úwfur®0g&Gwfzwfí oihfawmfonhf&[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;tm; vSL'gef;&\/ tvSLcHaom&[ef;onfvnf; 0grusKd;rysufaom? qif;&JEGrf;yg;qHk;jzpfaom? yxrOD;qHk;ay;í vSL'gef;&rnfjzpfonf/ xkd&[ef;r&SdrS 0gBuD;aom? rax&fBuD; ponhf&[ef;wpfyg;yg;tm; vSL'gef;&rnfjzpfonf/

uxdefyGJawmfwGif vSL'gef;&ef jyifqifxm;onfh ya'omyif/oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 1 &ufrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhtxd

wpfvwdwd bkef;BuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;wGifuxdefcif;cGifh&rnfjzpfonf/

"mwfyHk-

[efaZmf

"mwfyHk-

[efaZmf

39

ouFef;trsKd;tpm; aps;EIef;^usyfw½kwf pD0kdifpD 9500

rS27ç000

333 35ç000rmwif 35ç000vDeif 35ç000'kuk#f(15 cef;) 12ç000'kuk#f(25 cef;) 14ç000pifumylrdwf'kuk#f(125 cef;) 32ç000'kuk#f(155 cef;) 36ç000'kuk#f(175 cef;) 40ç000*syefrdwf'kuk#f(175 cef;) 60ç000

70ç000oydwftrsKd;tpm; aps;EIef;

½dk;½dk; 500070008500

pwD;(8 vufr) 15ç00042ç00047ç00055ç000

xD; aps;EIef;½dk;½dk; 3000

rS7500

,yf aps;EIef;yHkrSef 1000

rS2500

zdeyf aps;EIef;yHkrSef 1500

rS7000

qGrf;cGuf aps;EIef;yHkrSef 1500

rS4500

cefYrSef;ajcaps;EIef;rsm; jzpfonf/

&[ef;awmfrsm; &&SdEkdifaom uxdeftusKd; 5 yg;(1) xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;tm; cGifhryefbJ 'g,um? 'g,dumrwdkY\ tdrfokdY

vSnfhvnfoGm;vmEkdifjcif;?(2) &[ef;awmfonf t"d|mefwifxm;aom ouFef;udk oGm;vm&mt&yfokdY

r,lbJ vGwfvyfayghyg;pGm aexkdifEkdifjcif;?(3) yifhzdwfol 'g,um? 'g,dumrwkdYu tyihftzdwfrwwfí rpyftyf

aom toHk;tEIef;jzihf yihfzdwfaomfvnf; bkOf;ay;cGihf&Sdjcif;?(4) rdrd&&SdaomouFef;udk t"d|mef0duyÜemrjyKbJ (ouFef;umv 5 v

twGif;) xm;ykdifcGihf&Sdjcif;?(5) uxdefcif;aom ausmif;wkdufrSm vSLí&orQ oHCdut0wftxnfrsm;

udk ausmif;wkduf&Sd oHCmrsm;u cGJa0,lEkdifjcif;wdkY jzpfonf/tqkdyguif;vGwfcGihf 5 rsKd;udk oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 5 &ufaeYrSpí

waygif;vjynfhaeYtxd 5 vwkdifatmif &[ef;awmfrsm; cHpm;cGihf&Sdonf/

tvSL&Sifrsm; &&SdEkdifaom uxdeftusKd; 5 rsKd;

(1) rdrdoGm;vkd&mt&yfodkY twm;tqD;? tydwftyif? taESmifht,Sufr&SdbJvGwfvGwfvyfvyf oGm;vmEkdifjcif;?

(2) rnfonfhudpörqkd aqmif&Guf&mü wm0efBuD;av;onfr&SdbJ ayghyg;vGwfvyfpGmjzihf atmifjrifpGm aqmif&GufEkdifjcif;?

(3) rnfonfhtpm;tpmudk pm;aomufonfjzpfap ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfjcif;?tpmtqdyfoihfjcif;rsm; rjzpfapEkdifjcif;?

(4) rnfonfhydkifqkdifaomypönf;rsm;udk ysufpD;atmif zsufqD;wwfaomab;&efrsm; rusa&mufEkdifjcif;?

(5) rnfonfhykdifqdkifaomypönf;Opömrsm;udk rdrdu ray;urf;bJ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r,lEkdif? rodrf;ykdufEdkifjcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/

xkdYjyif tjcm;&&SdEkdifaom tusKd;rsm;rSm a&Ttqif;uJhodkY 0g0if;aomtom;ta&&Sdjcif;? cE¨mudk,fü tnpftaMu;uif;pifjcif;? cE¨mukd,fEl;nHhajyjypfjcif;?udk,fa&mifudk,f0gawmufyjcif;? t0wftxnfrsKd;pHk qifjref;cGihf&&Sdjcif;? ausmif;trBuD; 0domcguhJokdY r[v’wmwefqm qifjref;cGihf&jcif;? edAÁmefodkY rsufarSmufjyKEkdifjcif; ponfh tusKd;rsm;vnf; &Ekdifonf/

uxdefouFef;jzpfay:vmyHk orkdif;tusOf;

"kwif tusihfudk usihfoHk;Muaom b'´0*D¾ nDaemifoHk;usdyfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk zl;jrif&ef om0wdåjynf aZw0efausmif;awmfodkY <uvm&m 0gqkd&ufeD;uyfí vrf;c&D;wpfae&mjzpfaom omauwNrdKUü 0gqkdMuonf/ 0guRwfaomfrkd;um; &Gmaeao;aomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk zl;ajrmf&ef rapmihfEkdifaomaMumihfaZw0efausmif;awmfodkY rkd;xJa&xJ &THAGufxJrSmyif yifyef;qif;&JpGm <uawmfrlMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifxHyg; a&muf&Sdaomf xkdtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u od&Sdí 0guRwfaomf&[ef;wdkYtm; uxdefcif;jcif;iSm cGihfjyK\[líuxdefouFef;qufuyfjcif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u cGihfjyKawmfrlcJhonf/

udk;um; uxdefouFef;taMumif;odaumif;p&m

40

0dkifzdkif(Wi-Fi)

0dkifzdkifqdkonfrSm enf;ynmqdkif&m pum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzpfNyD; tDvufxa&mepfud&d,mwpfckrS wpfckodkY BudK;rJhpepfjzifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk ay;ydkYEdkifaom pepfwpfckjzpfonf/ tifwmeufuGef&ufudkvnf; 0dkifzdkifpepfjzifh csdwfquftoHk;jyKEdkifonf/0dkifzdkifpepfonf rdkufc½dka0henf;ynmtay:wGiftajccHítcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwfvTwfjcif;ESifhvufcHjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfonf/

vdkifzdkif(Li-Fi)

vdkifzdkifqdkonfrSm enf;ynmqdkif&mpum;vHk;wpfvHk;jzpfNyD; tDvufxa&mepfud&d,mwpfckrSwpfckodkY BudK;rJhpepfjzifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk ay;ydkYEdkifaompepfwpfckjzpfonf/ tifwmeufuGef&ufudkvnf;vdkifzdkifpepfjzifh csdwfquftoHk;jyKEdkifonf/vdkifzdkifpepfonf tvif;udktajccHítcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwfvTwfjcif;ESifhvufcHjcif;wdkY jyKvkyfonf/

0wfqifEdkifaom uGefysLwm(Wearable Computer)

0wfqifEdkifaom uGefysLwmqdkonfrSm vlom;\ cE¨mudk,fay:wGif 0wfqifí rnfonfhae&m?rnfonfhtcsdefwGif rqdktoHk;jyKEdkifaom uGefysLwmtrsKd;tpm;udk ac:qdkonf/ 0wfqifEdkifaomuGefysLwmenf;ynmonf taxGaxGtoHk;jyKEdkif&ef? owif;tcsuftvufenf;ynmESifh rD'D,mtoHk;csrIrsm;udkwGifus,fpGmtoHk;jyKEdkif&ef? uGefysLwmwpfvHk;\vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkif&ef&nf&G,fonf/uGefysLwmudktoHk;jyKolu toHk;jyKvdkonfhtcsdefwGifuGefysLwmzGifhjcif;? ydwfjcif;udkyif jyKvkyf&efrvdkbJtoHk;jyKolESifhwpfom;wnf;&SdaeNyD; tcsdefra½G;toHk;jyKEdkif&efvnf; &nf&G,fonf/ xdkYtjyif cE¨mudk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif;rjynfhpHkonfh roefpGrf;rsm;uvnf;uGefysLwmudk vG,fvifhwultoHk;jyKEdkif&ef &nfrSef;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh 0wfqifEdkifaom uGefysLwmrsm;onfenf;ynmzuf&SiftqifhrS vlUcE¨mudk,fwGif tpm;xdk;toHk;jyKvmEdkifrnfh tajctaeodkY a&muf&SdvmEdkifonf/

enf;ynmqdkif&m odrSwfzG,f&mrsm;tdkifpDwDxkwfukefrsm;udk vlwdkif;toHk;jyKaeMu&onf/ vlwdkif;vufxJwGif rdkbdkif;zkef;wpfvHk;tenf;qHk;

&SdvmMuonf/ vkyfief;cGiftwGif;? aeYpOfaexdkifrIb0twGif; rdrdwdkYtoHk;jyKaeMuonfhtdkifpDwDenf;ynmtaMumif;rsm;udk odrSwfzG,f&mtjzpf azmfjyxm;ygonf/

41

tm;vyf&ufrsm;twGif;jrefrmEdkifiHtESHhtjym;odkh c&D;xGufMur,f

]vSnf;0if½dk;oH} wnHnH yk*Hbk&m;aygif;[laom tqkdtrdefYjzifh yk*HwGif bk&m;apwDaygif; 4ç446 &Sdonf[k rSwfom;Muonf/

]vSnf;0if½dk;oH}wnHnH yk*Hbk&m;aygif;[laom tqkdtrdefht&

bk&m;apwDaygif; 4ç446 &SdaMumif;od&aomfvnf;

tif;0acwf rdk;n§if;rif;vufxufwGif

yk*Hbk&m;ta&twGufudk

]0if;0if;xdefvsH}yk*Hbk&m;aygif;[k rSwfom;cJU&m

4ç474 ql&Sdonfudk rluGJt&awGY&onf/

"mwfyHk-cifarmif0if;(a&Ttif;om;)"mwfyHk-cifarmif0if;(a&Ttif;om;)

42

tm;vyf&uftwGif; c&D;oGm;Muygpdkhrkd;avuif;vGwfaom ,ckuJhodkY oDwif;uRwf-wefaqmifrkef;v&moDrsm;

wGif jrefrmEkdifiHol? EkdifiHom;trsm;pkonf bk&m;zl;c&D;xGufjcif;? tyef;ajzc&D;xGufjcif;wdkYudk rdom;pkvdkufjzpfap? ukrÜPDtzGJUtpnf;vdkufjzpfap bk&m;zl;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf csdwfqufí jynfwGif;c&D;oGm;vmjcif;udk trsm;qHk;jyKvkyfMuaom v&moDtcgor,jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumihf Info Digest Journal u jynfwGif;c&D;oGm;rsm;taejzihf rdrdwdkYoGm;a&mufvdkaom ae&ma'orsm;udk tqifajyacsmarGUpGm oGm;vmEkdifap&ef &nf&G,fí ,ckuhJodkY tm;vyf&uftwGif; c&D;oGm;MuygpdkY[laomu@wpf&yfudk zGihfvSpfí wpfzufwpfvrf;rS jznhfpGufwifjyay;vkdufygonf/

xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aomtxufjrefrmjynf bk&m;zl;c&D;pOfrsm;

,ckEdk0ifbmvESihf'DZifbmvtwGif; jynfwGif;bk&m;zl;c&D;oGm;rsm;taejzihftxufjrefrmjynfc&D;pOftm; trsm;qHk;oGm;a&mufvnfywfzl;ajrmfvsuf&SdaMumif;bk&m;zl;um;*dwfrsm;\ ajymMum;csuft& Info Digest rS od&onf/

txufjrefrmjynfc&D;pOfrsm;teuf yk*H-anmifOD;-ykyÜm; c&D;pOf? awmifBuD;-tif;av;-yif;w, c&D;pOfESihf rEÅav;-ppfudkif;-rHk&Gm-jyifOD;vGif c&D;pOfrsm;[lí t"duoHk;ydkif;&SdNyD; ,if;c&D;pOfrsm;ESihfqufpyfí u,m;jynfe,f?ucsifjynfe,f c&D;pOfrsm;udkvnf; wGJzufí pDpOfxm;aMumif; bk&m;zl;um;*dwfrsm;rS od&onf/ ,if;c&D;pOfrsm;onf 4 &ufc&D;pOfrsm;rS 6 &uf? 7 &ufc&D;pOfrsm;txd toD;oD;&Sdonf/

tqkdygc&D;pOfrsm;onf xrif;auR;arG;jcif;? wnf;cdkaexkdifjcif; ponhfukefusp&dwfrsm;udk bk&m;zl;,mOfvdkif;rsm;u wm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;xm;jcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/

jrefrmrSefvQif yk*Ha&mufzl;&rnf

]vSnf;0if½dk;oH} wnHnH yk*Hbk&m;aygif; [laom tqkdtrdefYt& bk&m;apwDaygif; 4ç446 &SdaMumif; od&aomfvnf; tif;0acwf rdk;n§if;rif;vufxufwGifyk*Hbk&m;ta&twGufudk ]0if;0if;xdefvsH} yk*Hbk&m;aygif;[k rSwfom;cJh&m4ç474 ql&Sdonfudk rluGJt& awGU&onf/ wpfzef ukef;abmifacwfu wnf&SdcJh[efwlaom vuFmwpfyk'fwGif ]jrwfbk&m;qla&? jzLa&TvdkY0if; yk*Hjynf? b,fwkdif;b,fXmeDESihf pHrrDvGefxif&Sm;? apmrkedrsm;}[k awGU&Sd&m ]jzLa&TvkdY0if;}rSm(aemufjyefa&wGufaomf) 4ç445 qljzpfaMumif; od&onf/ xkdYtwl 1968ckESpfaemufydkif; urÜnf;ausmufpmXmerS pepfwusjyefvnfa&wGufrIt&]ausmif;BuD;tkwfeD? udef;ESihfnD? apwD*lbk&m;}[k vuFmcsKd;cJh&m 2ç217 ql&SdaMumif; rSwfom;xm;onf/ (udk;um;-jrefrmjynfwpfcGifvrf;ñTef-wifEkdifwkd;)

tif;av;ueftwGif; avSudk ajcjzifhavSmfacwfaeolwpfOD;/tif;om;rsm;onf avSudk ajcjzifhavSmfcwfavh&Sdonf/

avSudk ajcjzifhavSmfcwfjcif;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGifomruurÇmwGifyg xif&Sm;ausmfMum;onf/

"mwfyHk-

cifar

mif0i

f;(a&Tt

if;om;)

"mwfyHk-

cifar

mif0i

f;(a&Tt

if;om;)

43

yk*H-anmifOD;-ykyÜm; c&D;pOf

yk*H-anmifOD;-ykyÜm;c&D;pOftwGif;zl;ajrmf&rnhf apwDykxdk;rsm;ESihf orkdif;tusOf;

rSwfcsuf/ / pG,fawmfjrwfav;qludk bk&m;zl;rsm;u zl;ajrmf&mü txl;owdjyK&efrSm pG,fawmfjrwfav;qltm; aeYrGef;wnhfcsdefrwdkifrDtNyD;zl;ajrmfoGm;&efvdktyfNyD; bk&m;av;qltm;uyfvSLaom e0ur®? yef;? a&csrf;? qDrD;ESihfqkawmif;jcif;udk uGJjym;rIr&SdapbJ wpfyHkpHwnf;ukodkvf'gejyKvkyf&rnfudk owdjyK&efvdkonf/ (Oyrm-a&Tpnf;cHkapwDwGif wpfaxmifusyfvSL'gef;ygu usefpG,fawmfoHk;qlwGifvnf; wpfaxmifusyfomvSL'gef;&efjzpfNyD; yef;? a&csrf; ponfwkdYudkvnf; ta&twGufwlnDpGm vSL'gef;&rnf/)

apwDykxkd;rsm; orkdif;tusOf;

a&Tpnf;cHkbk&m; taemf&xm;rif;BuD;u at'D 1059 wGifpwifwnfxm;cJhNyD; usefppfom;rif;vufxufwGiftqHk;(pG,fawmfav;ql) owfwnfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ oD[dkVfNrdKUrS pG,fawmfyGm;rsm;udk qifjzLawmfay: t"d|mefjzihfwif

vTwfcJh&m yxrOD;qHk; qifjzLawmf 0yfawmfrl&mt&yfü wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

wefYMunfawmif a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; a'opm&D<uvmaomtcg xkdawmifxdyfü&yfwefYí MunhfawmfrlaomaMumihf(pG,fawmfav;ql) wefYMunfawmif[lítrnfwGifonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf qifjzLawmf0yf&mae&mjzpfaomaMumihf

apwDwnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

avmueE´m taemf&xm;rif;BuD; t"d|mefjyKí qifjzLawmfvTwf&mwGif wwd,ajrmuf qifjzLawmf0yf&mae&m(pG,fawmfav;ql) jzpfaom avmueE´mbk&m;udk wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

wk&if;awmif a&Tpnf;cHk? wefYMunfawmif? avmueE´mwdkYESihf yHkpHwljzpfovdk qifjzLawmf pwkw¬ajrmuf0yf&m(pG,fawmfav;ql) ae&mjzpfaomaMumifh wk&if;awmifapwDudk wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

tmeE´mbk&m;

]]tEkrSm tmeE´m}} yk*Hbk&m;apwDykxdk;rsm;wGif a&S;acwftEkynmvuf&mtajrmufqHk;apwDwpfqljzpfonf/ yapöuAk'¨g&[EÅmt&SifoljrwfwdkY\ owif;oHk;awmfrl&m eE´rlvvdkPf*lyHkoP²meftwkdif; usefppfom;rif;BuD;u wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

"r®&HBuD;bk&m;

]]xkrSm "r®&H}} yk*Hbk&m;apwDykxdk;rsm;wGif xkxnftBuD;rm;qHk;apwDwpfqljzpfonf/ tavmif;pnfolrif;\om;awmf e&olu wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ yk*He,fwpf0dkufwGif rnfonhfae&murqkd zl;ajrmfEkdifonfh xkxnfBuD;rm;vSaom"r®&HBuD;bk&m;jzpfonf/

oAÁnKbk&m;

]]ÓPfrSm oAÁnK}} yk*Hbk&m;apwDykxdk;rsm;wGif ÓPfawmftjrihfqHk;jzpfNyD; ayESpf&mausmfjrihfonf/ bk&m;'g,um tavmif;pnfoljzpfí &Sifr[marm*¾vmefBuD;MuyfwnfaqmufoGm;NyD; ausmif;trBuD; 0domcgvSL'gef;onhf ykAÁm½Hkausmif;ESihfyHkoP²mefwlwnfaqmufxm;onf/

jyLapmxD;rif;onf ayguúHjynfü usm;? ½SL;ysH? 0uf? iSuf paom &efolBuD;av;OD;tjyif wpfNrdKUvHk; &pfywfvsuf&SdaomAl;EG,frsm;udk ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;í Al;oD;yHkoP²mefapwDwnfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

Al;bk&m;

44

jrapwDbk&m;- jrefrmwdkY\ orkdif;tp zcifESihfom;wdkY\ cspfjcif;arwåmudkazmfjyaom jy,k*ftjzpf om;awmf&mZukrm&frif;om;\aumif;rIawmftjzpfzcifusefppfom;rif;BuD;\ arwåmtay: &nfrSef;ylaZmfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ (2015ckESpfwGif jrapwDbk&m;0if;twGif;&Sd jrapwDausmufpmudk UNESCO -ukvor*¾ynma&;? odyÜHESihf,Ofaus;rItzGJUu urÇmhtarGtESpftjzpf owfrSwfcJhonf/)jyóm'fBuD;bk&m;- uspGmrif;BuD;onf jyó'g;aeYudk t,HktMunfr&SdonhftwGuf jyó'g;aeYwkdif;wGif þbk&m;tm;wnfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ,cktcgurÇmhvSnhfc&D;oGm;rsm;\ yk*Hae0ifcsdefudk apmihfMunhf&mapwDvnf;jzpfonf/uefawmhykv’ifbk&m;- tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD;onf ab;awmfbdk;awmfrsm;udkjypfrSm;rdcJhaomaMumihf jyefvnf&Sdcdk;uefawmhawmif;yefonfudk taMumif;jyKí uefawmhykv’ifbk&m;[lí qdkprSwfjyKMuonf/

xkdYtwl emrnfBuD;bk&m;rsm;jzpfaom rEl[mrif;bk&m;? tvdkawmfjynhfbk&m;? "r®&mZubk&m;? xD;vdkrif;vdkbk&m;? plVmrPdbk&m;? iSufypfawmifbk&m;? ykyÜm;awmifbk&m;pHkzl;? c&D;pOfrsm;udk bk&m;zl;um;*dwfrsm;u rdk;wGif;umvrSvGJí usefyGihfvif;&moDrsm;wGif ydkYaqmifay;vsuf&Sdonf/

Ekd0ifbmvtwGif; usif;yawmUrnfU a&Tpnf;cHkbk&m;yGJBuD;

wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 8 &ufaeY (Edk0ifbm 18) wGif usif;yaom anmifOD;NrdKU\ txifu&bk&m;yGJawmfrSm a&Tpnf;cHkapwDawmfBuD;\ bk&m;yGJjzpfonf/yGJawmfrSm &ufowåywfoHk;ywfausmf usif;yonf/ a&Tpnf;cHkapwDawmfBuD;0ef;usifwGif qkdifcef;rsm;? ZmwfyGJrsm;wdkYjzihf tvGefpnfum;aomyGJjzpfonf/a&Tpnf;cHkbk&m;BuD;ü qGrf;? a&csrf;uyfvSLjcif; qDrD;wpfaxmifylaZmfjcif;wdkYudktvGefcrf;em;pGm usif;yonf/

]]xkxnfBuD;wm "r®&H? vuf&mpHkwm tmeE´m? ÓPfawmfjrihfwm oAÁnK?qHawmfppfwm a&TqHawmf? wefcdk;BuD;wm a&Tpnf;cHk? 0gawmfBuD;wm a*gwr?tjypfajycsif uefawmhykv’if? tvdkjynhfwm tvdkawmfjynhf? tBuD;tuJcspfapcsif&if xD;vdkrif;vdk}}pojzihf pmcsKd;&Sd&m a&Tpnf;cHkapwDawmfjrwfBuD;onfyk*Hbk&m;rsm;teuf wefcdk;tBuD;rm;qHk;apwDwpfqljzpfonf/

twGif;tHhbG,fudk;yg;

(1) a&TxD;awmfBuD;tm; oHudkif; oHBudK;wdkYjzihf rcsnfrqkdif;wnfjcif;? (2)a&TavmifpuúLudk MumvHzsm;rS vTihfcsvQif tjyifodkY rvGifhjcif;? (3) apwDawmf\t&dyfonf wHwkdif;tjyifodkY rxGuf[taMumif;&SdrS tjyifodkYxGuf<ujcif;] ?(4) bk&m;zl;rsm; &maxmifaomif;0ifonhfwkdif jynhfusyfraejcif;? (5) yxroydwfBuD;\qGrf;OD;uyfoltjrJ&Sdaejcif;? (6) apwDawmfBuD;\wpfzufrS pnfwD;vQif usefwpfzufrSrMum;&jcif;? (7) ta0;rSzl;ajrmfvQif ukef;jrihfü wnfxm;onf[k zl;awGUxif&jcif;? (8) rkd;rnfrQ&Gmonfjzpfap a&rwifjcif;? (9)12v &moDvHk; tzl;tyGihfwdkYjzihf wihfw,faomca&yif&Sdjcif;?

yk*H-anmifOD;-ykyÜm; c&D;pOfcefhrSef;ajcaps;EIef;rsm;

4 &ufc&D;pOf

5 &ufc&D;pOf

wpfOD;vQif - 55ç000 usyf ESihf 65ç000 usyf tMum; ukefusrnf/

&&SdrnfhtcGifhta&; - pm;p&dwf? wnf;cdkcef;p&dwf? pufavSyJhaxmifp&dwfrsm;yg yg0ifNyD;jzpfonf/

,if;c&D;pOfESihfwGJvsuf yckuúL? jyifOD;vGiftESHY?rEÅav; c&D;pOftwGuf-wpfOD;vQif - 65ç000 usyf ESihf 85ç000 usyf

tMum; ukefusrnf/&&SdrnhftcGihfta&; - pm;p&dwf? wnf;cdkcef;p&dwf

tp&Sdaomp&dwfrsm; yg0ifNyD; Air-con Express um;jzihf ydkY aqmifay;rnfjzpfonf/

rSwfcsuf/ / txufygc&D;pOfrsm;twGuf bk&m;zl;jynfolrsm; rdrdwdkYwnf;cdkaexkdifvdkonfh tajctaeay:rlwnfí aps;EIef;tenf;trsm;uGmoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tedrfhqHk;aps;EIef;rsm;onf bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;wGif wnf;cdkaomp&dwfjzpfNyD;tjrihfqHk;aps;EIef;onf wnf;cdkcef;rsm;wGif wnf;cdkaom p&dwfEIef;xm;jzpfonf/

45

jrefrmEkdfifiHta&SYydkif; awmifay:a'oodkh c&D;qefhMuygpdkhuxdefyGJ? rD;yHk;ysHvTwfwifylaZmfyGJwdkYESihf qHkawGUEkdif&ef awmifBuD;c&D;pOfü

tif;av;-azmifawmfOD;? yif;w,-a&TOrif? uavm-ESD;bk&m; ponhf jrefrmEkdifiHta&SUydkif;awmifay:a'obk&m;zl;c&D;pOfrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ tqkdygc&D;pOfrsm;onf 4 &ufc&D; 5 &ufc&D; toD;oD;&SdMuNyD; ,if;awmifBuD;c&D;pOfESihfqufpyfí u,m;jynfe,fu awmifuGJapwD? xD;yGihfuefc&D;pOfrsm;udk 6 &ufMumc&D;pOftjzpf bk&m;zl;,mOfvdkif;rsm;u pDpOfxm;&Sdonfudk Info Digest u od&onf/

awmifBuD;-tif;av;-yif;w, c&D;pOf

awmifBuD;-tif;av;-yif;w, c&D;pOftwGif;zl;ajrmf&rnhf apwDykxdk;rsm;ESihf orkdif;tusOf;


arGawmfuuúL awmifBuD;NrdKU uuúLaus;&Gmtpk&Sd arGawmfuuúLbk&m;onfukef;abmifacwfuyif txift&Sm;&SdcJhonf/ aemifcJbkef;awmfBuD; OD;aome\ rSwfwrf;t& 1918 ckESpfwGif bk&m; 2402ql&SdaMumif;od&onf/ (waygif;vjynhfaeYwGif bk&m;yGJusif;yonf)

xrfhprf;vdkPf*l awmifBuD;-vGdKifvif um;vrf;eHab;wGifwnf&SdNyD; obm0xHk;ausmufvdkPf*ljzpfí tjrihfay 50&Sdonf/ vdkPf*lt&Snf wduspGmrod&aomfvnf; ay 6 axmifcefY wkdif;wmcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif;ESihfvdkPf*ltwGif; Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmf 108 ql wnfxm;udk;uG,fxm;onf/

tif;av; odMum;rif;u bDvl;rqufoaomo&u©efopfom;udk Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmf 5 qljyKvkyfum tavmif;azmifawmfOD;bk&m; pnfolrif;tm;ay;tyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ av;qlrSm Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfjzpfNyD; usefwpfqlrSm &[EÅm½kyfwk

[k qkd\/ a'opm&DvSnhfvnftylaZmfcH&mwGif av;qlom<uavh&Sdonf/ (oDwif;uRwfvjynhf0ef;usifwGif bk&m;yGJusif;yavh&Sdonf)

yif;w,a&TOrif blrdaA'ynm&Sifrsm;\ tqdkt& vGefcJhaomESpf oef; 200 cefYu ay:aygufcJhaomvdkPf*ljzpfNyD;yif;w,awmifwGif vdkPf*loHk;vHk;&SdNyD; awmifbufvdkPf*ljzpfívdkPf*ltwGif; acwftqufqufu vuf&myHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;aomAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk zl;awGUEkdifonf/ OriftwGif;ausmuf*leH&Hrsm;rSa&rsm; wpdrfhpdrfhxGufí obm0ausmufpufyef;qGJrsm;&Sdonf/ xkda&TOrifbk&m;\ rlv'g,umonf taomurif;w&m;BuD;jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfMuNyD; yk*Hjynfh&Siftavmif;pnfolrif; xyfrHjyKjyifylaZmfcJhonf[k qkdonf/

jrif;rxdvdkPf*l jrif;rxdawmifonf yifv,fa&jyiftxuf 1075 ayjrihfNyD; vdkPf*lawmftwGif;ü xD;oHk;qihfqkawmif;jynfhjrwfpGmbk&m;wnf&Sd\/ a&S;yk*Hacwfuyif wnf&SdcJhNyD; *l0rS xGufayguftxd1028 ay &Snfvsm;ygonf/

xdkYtwl txufygc&D;pOfrsm;ESihfwGJvsuf emrnfBuD;bk&m;apwDykxkd;rsm;jzpfaom plVmrPdapwD? tvdkawmfaygufapwD? awmifBuD;NrdKUraps;? ig;z,faMumifckefausmif;? uHkvHkq&mawmf½kyfuvmyf? ykef;wvkwfuef wdkYudkvnf; zl;ajrmfavhvmEkdifonf/

46

Ekd0ifbmvtwGif; usif;yawmUrnfU awmifBuD;rD;yHk;ysHyGJ

wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 10 &uf(Ekd0ifbm 20)&ufwGif usif;yavh&Sdaom&Srf;jynfe,fawmifBuD;NrdKUrS rD;yHk;ysHyGJonf &ufowåywfwpfywfcefY MumjrihfaomyGJawmfjzpfonf/ ytdk0fhjynfolwkdY\ ½dk;&myGJjzpfNyD; rD;yHk;ysHudk t½kyfBuD;rsm;yHkoP²mefjyKvkyfí aeYa&mnyg NydKifqkdifvTwfwifMuonf/ vSyaomrD;yHk;ysHBuD;rsm;udkrdIif;roGif;cif o,faqmifNyD; NrdKUwGif;ü vSnhfvnfí &Srf;½dk;&mtursm;jzihfwD;rIwfuckefMuonf/ bk&m;? bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;odkY yef;? a&csrf;vSLzG,fypönf;rsm; ay;ydkYvSL'gef;NyD; rD;yHk;ysHvTwfuGif;odkY o,faqmifum vTwfwifMuonf/

ntcsdefvTwfwifaom rD;yHk;ysHrsm;ü rD;½SL;? rD;yef;rsm;yg csdwfqGJvTwfwifypfazmufMuonf/ rD;yHk;ysHvTwfyGJESihf wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif rodk;ouFef;&ufNydKifyGJudkvnf; awmifBuD;NrdKUü usif;yonf/ ,if;umvtwGif; jyifOD;vGifNrdKUüvnf; rD;yHk;ysHvTwfyGJudk pnfum;pGmusif;yonf/

awmifBuD;-tif;av;-yif;w,c&D;pOf cefhrSef;ajcaps;EIef;rsm;

4 &uf&D;pOf

6 &ufc&D;pOf


&&SdrnfhtcGifhta&; - pm;p&dwf? wnf;cdkcef;p&dwf? pufavSyJhaxmifp&dwfrsm;yg

yg0ifNyD;jzpfonf/

,if;c&D;pOfESihfwGJvsuf u,m;jynfe,f vGdKifaumfc&D;pOf(awmifuGJapwD? xD;yGihfuef)twGufwpfOD;vQif - 75ç000 usyf ESihf 100ç000usyf

tMum; ukefusrnf/&&SdrnhftcGihfta&; - pm;p&dwf? wnf;cdkcef;p&dwf

tp&Sdaomp&dwfrsm; yg0ifNyD; Air-con Express um;jzihf ydkY aqmifay;rnfjzpfonf/

rSwfcsuf/ / txufygc&D;pOfrsm;twGuf bk&m;zl;jynfolrsm; rdrdwdkYwnf;cdkaexkdifvdkonfh tajctaeay:rlwnfí aps;EIef;tenf;trsm;uGmoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tedrfhqHk;aps;EIef;rsm;onf bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;wGif wnf;cdkaomp&dwfjzpfNyD;tjrihfqHk;aps;EIef;onf wnf;cdkcef;rsm;wGif wnf;cdkaomp&dwfEIef;xm;jzpfonf/ (rD;yHk;ysHyGJawmfumvjzpfí txufygaps;EIef;rsm;onf yHkrSefc&D;pOfwefzkd;xuf usyfwpfaomif;ausmfcefY uGm[aejcif;jzpfonf/)

xaemif; ? wrm&eHheJh tnmbk&m;zl;yljyif;ajcmufaoGUaom&moDOwkudk ydkifqkdifxm;onhf jrefrmEkdifiHtv,fydkif;

rEÅav;-ppfudkif;-rHk&Gm-jyifOD;vGif c&D;pOfwGif tnma'o\ jy,k*fjzpfaomxef;yif? xaemif;yif? vufyHyifwdkY jc,frIef;xm;onhf jrifuGif;tpHkpHk? zkeftvdrf;vdrf;? wrm&eHYwoif;oif;jzihf tnma'obk&m;zl;udkvnf; oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmfEdkif&ef Info Digest *sme,frS ukokdvfjyKvrf;ñTefay;vdkufygonf/ ppfudkif;odkYa&muf&SdcJhvQifvnf; avhvmMunfndKzG,f&m apwDykxkd;rsm;u txl;rsm;jym;vSonf/ Ak'¨bmomolawmfpifwdkY w&m;arGUavsmf&m ppfudkif;awmif½dk;BuD;udkvnf;oGm;a&mufavhvmzl;ajrmfEkdifrnfjzpfonf/

rEÅav;-r[mjrwfrked

rEÅav;-ppfudkif;-rHk&Gm-jyifOD;vGif c&D;pOf

rEÅav;-ppfudkif;-rHk&Gm-jyifOD;vGif c&D;pOftwGif;zl;ajrmf&rnhf apwDykxdk;rsm;ESihf orkdif;tusOf;

&ckdifa'orS yihfaqmifvmcJhonhf½kyfyGm;awmfrsm; bdk;awmfbk&m;u bHkudk;qihf&Sd a&Tjyom'fawmfjzihf wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhonf/ 1883 ckESpfu rD;oihfcJh&moDaygrif;u rudk#f? a&TpvG,frsm; jyefvnfjyKjyifvsuf rsufESmawmfzGihfay;cJhonf/ ÓPfawmfrSm 12 ay 7 vufr? yv’ifrSm 7 ayjrihfonf/

rEÅav;awmif

yifv,fa&rsufESmjyiftxuf 954 ayjrihfí rif;wkef;rif;u awmifxdyfüAsm'dwfay;[ef½kyfyGm;awmfxkvkyfcJhNyD; &aohBuD; OD;cEÅDu rEÅav;awmifwpfcGif&Sd apwDbk&m;rsm;udk jyKjyifwnfxm;rIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/

47

awmiforeftif;ESihfOD;ydefwHwm;

awmiforeftif;onf a&S;,cifu ewfbDvl;wpfOD;\trnfjzpfNyD; tqkdygtif;twGif; urÇmausmfopfom;wHwm;wnfaqmufcJhol OD;ydeftm;tpGJjyKí OD;ydefwHwm;[k ac:wGifaom wHwm;wpfpif;&Sdonf/ ,if;udk OD;ydefu (c&pfESpf1851)ckESpfu aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;cJhonf/

txufygbk&m;zl;c&D;pOfrsm;ESihftwl rEÅav;eef;wGif;? ppfudkif;awmifay:bk&m;pHk? ausmuúma&T*leD? yGJaumufa&wHcGef? rdk;n§if;orÁKa'¨bk&m;? uefawmfBuD;½ku©aA'O,smOf wkdYudkvnf; qufvufavhvmzl;ajrmfEkdifrnf/

rHk&Gm-rdk;n§if;orÁKa'¨bk&m;yGJawmfBuD;rHk&GmNrdKUawmifbuf 7 rdkiftuGmwGif tif;0acwfu rdk;n§if;rif;vufxuf

a&Tpnf;cHkapwDawmfESihf a&Tausmif;awmfaqmufvkyfvSL'gef;cJhzl;&m rkd;n§if;awm&teD; rkd;n§if;q&mawmfu 1929 ckESpfwGif orÁKa'¨apwDawmfudk wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhonf/ bk&m;qif;wkaygif; 573888 ql xkvkyfum vdkPf*lwkdufcef;eH&HrsufESmMuufrsm;wGif udk;uG,fxm;&SdcJh&m 10 ESpfausmfMumrS NyD;pD;cJhonf/

wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 13 &uf (Edk0ifbm 23) wGif orÁKa'¨bk&m;yGJawmftm; 3 &ufMum ESpfpOfusif;yavh&SdNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHt0ef;rS bk&m;zl;rsm;ESihfteD;tem;rS aus;vufjynfolrsm; pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm vma&mufzl;ajrmfMuonf/

rEÅav;-ppfudkif;-rHk&Gm-jyifOD;vGifc&D;pOf cefhrSef;ajcaps;EIef;rsm;

4 &uf&D;pOf


&&SdrnfhtcGifhta&; - pm;p&dwf? wnf;cdkcef;p&dwf rsm;yg0ifNyD;jzpfonf/

rSwfcsuf/ / 60ç000 usyf = bkef;BuD;ausmif; wnf;cdk&rnf/ 80ç000 usyf = wnf;cdkcef;wGif wnf;cdk&rnf/ (jyifOD;vGifrD;yHk;ysHyGJ

NyD;ygu wpfaomif;cefYaps;EIef; usEkdifonf/)


ppfudkif; anmif&rf;acwfomvGefrif;\ ukokdvfaumif;rIjzpfonf/ 1636 ckESpfwGif qefcsDAdokumuJhodkYaumif;rIawmf wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhNyD; tkwfcsyfa& 10126552 csyfjzihf 12 ESpfMum wnfcJh&onf/ (bk&m;yGJudk

wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfaeYwGif usif;yNyD; yGJawmfrSm 6 &ufjzpfonf/)

qGrf;OD;ykn&Sif ppfudkif;awmif½dk;wGif awmifxGwfaygif; 37 vHk;&Sd&m zm;yHkoP²mefESihfwlaom izm;awmifwGifynm&SdtrwfBuD; OD;yknwnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhonfh qGrf;OD;ykn&SifapwD wnf&Sdonf/ qGrf;OD;wif&ef BudK;yrf;onhftcgwkdif; vlwdkYxuf ewfjA[®mwdkYuom OD;pGmuyfvSLxm;NyD;jzpfojzihf qGrf;OD;ykn&SifapwD[k trnfwGifonf/

aAm"dwpfaxmif urÇmay:&Sd &yfawmfrl½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;teuf ÓPfawmftjrihfqHk;jzpfaom av;uRef;pMum rHk&Gm &yfawmfrl½kyfyGm;awmfjzpfonf/ aAm"dyifwpfaxmifpdkufysKd;í aAm"dyifwkdif;ü bk&m;qif;wkawmf

rsm;wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhaom aAm"dwpfaxmifq&mawmfrS OD;pD;y"mejyKíwnfxm;cJhaom aumif;rIukodkvfjzpfonf/

ydwfcsif;ajrmif obm0vdkPf*lwpfckjzpfNyD; 1990 jynhfESpfwGifrS bk&m;zl;rsm; pwifa&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/vdkPfeE´rlvdkPf*l prf;acsmif;i,fav; pD;qif;vsuf&SdNyD; apwDawmfrsm;? Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk wnfxm;udk;uG,f

xm;&Sdonf/

r[mtHhxl;uHom ÓPfawmf 15 ay? tav;csdef 17 wef&Sd Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfjrwfBuD;udk 1997 ckESpfu rEÅav;rSjrwfpGmbk&m; a&TvDodkY yihfaqmifpOf ,mOfwdrf;arSmufcJhojzihf 0efcsDpufjzihf ,m,DpHausmif;odkY yifhaqmiftyl

aZmfcH&mrS a&TvDodkYyihfaqmifjcif;rjyKawmhbJ ,if;ae&müyif qufvufudef;0yfpHy,fawmfrlonf/

48

usKdufxD;½dk;c&D;pOf

rGefjynfe,f? usKdufxdkNrdKU&Sd qHawmf&SifusKdufxD;½dk;apwDawmfjrwfbk&m;zl;c&D;pOftm; &efukefNrdKU&Sd bk&m;zl;,mOfvdkif;*dwfrsm;wGif aeYpOf nydkif;tcsdefrsm;üykHrSefxGufcGmavh&SdaMumif; bk&m;zl;um;*dwfrsm;rS od&onf/

2 &uf c&D;pOf

wpfOD;vQif - 10ç000 usyf toGm;tjyefum;vufrSwfzkd;omjzpfNyD; wnf;cdkaexkdifp&dwf? pm;aomufp&dwfrsm;udk rdrdtpDtpOfjzihf uscHoHk;pGJ&rnfjzpf onf/ (bk&m;zl;,mOfay:wGif wpfntdyf&rnfjzpfonf/)

3 &uf c&D;pOf

wpfOD;vQif - 12ç000 usyf toGm;tjyefum;vufrSwfzkd;omjzpfNyD; wnf;cdkaexkdifp&dwf? pm;aomufp&dwfrsm;udk rdrdtpDtpOfjzihf uscHoHk;pGJ&rnfjzpf onf/ (bk&m;zl;,mOfay:wGif wpfn? usKdufxD;½dk;awmifay:

wGif wpfntdyf&rnfjzpfonf/)

acsmif;omc&D;pOf

{&m0wDwkdif; ykodrfNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vSaom tyef;ajzpcef;wpfckjzpfonhf acsmif;omurf;ajc rdom;pktyef;ajzc&D;pOfrsm;udkvnf;&efukefNrdKU&Sd bk&m;zl;,mOfvkdif;rsm;rS aeYpOfydkYaqmifay;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/

wpfOD;vQif - 15ç000 usyf toGm;tjyefum;vufrSwfzkd;omjzpfNyD; wnf;cdkaexkdifp&dwf? pm;aomufp&dwfrsm;udk rdrdtpDtpOfjzihfvnf; pm;oHk;EkdifouJhodkY c&D;oGm;vkyfief;rsm;rS pDpOfay;xm;onhf aps;EIef;toD;oD;&Sdaom Package tvdkuf pdwfBudKufa&G;cs,fEkdifonf/

cefYrSef;ajc Pacekage aps;EIef;

(eHeufpm+aeYv,fpm+naepm+wpfnwnf;cdkcGihf) = 30ç000 usyf(a&csKd;cef;? tdrfomwGJvsuf wnf;cdkaqmifwGif wnf;cdkEdkifonf/)

ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd aumif;rIawmfapwD/aumif;rIawmfapwDbk&m;yGJudk

wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYwGif pwifusif;yonf/yGJawmf&ufrSm 6 &ufjzpfonf/

"mwfyHk-

eE´au

smfaxG;

"mwfyHk-

eE´au

smfaxG;

49

uGefysLwma&SU wpfaeukefxdkifwmrSm taetxm;rrSef&if cg;em? Zufem? 'l;emovdk ajcxdyfvufxdyfxHkusifwmawG jzpfwwfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdkrjzpfatmif b,fvdkxdkifrvJqdkwmudk Munfh&atmifyg/

uGefysLwma&SY wpfaeukefxdkifvdkhtaMumwuf cg;em rjzpfatmif b,fvdkxdkifoHk;MurvJ

1/ oifhwifyg;udk cHk&JU taemufqHk;xd a&mufatmifxm;NyD; xdkifyg/ ajcz0g;awGudkawmh Murf;jyifrSmtjym;vkduf csxm;Edkif&ygr,f/ 'l;acgif;awGu wifyg;xufenf;enf;edrfhwJhae&mrSm &Sdaeygap/ cHktaetxm;uoifhausmtay:atmufESpfckvHk;udk axmufay;xm;ovdkjzpfaeygap/ vdktyf&if acgif;tHkav;ausmaemufrSm ckay;yg/

2/ uD;bkwfudk udk,fhycHk;eJY wHawmifqpftaetxm;tqifajywJh tjrifhrSm &Sdaeatmifxm;yg/vufaumuf0wfudk rauG;bJxm;Edkifatmif vkyfyg/

5/ vufaumuf0wf tem;,lEdkifzdkY tcktcHav;awG oHk;yg/ pmr½dkufbJaecsdefrSm vufz0g;udk tem;ay;csxm;Edkifatmif jzpfygw,f/ armufpfudkvnf; uD;bkwfeJY teD;qHk;rSm xm;yg/

4/ uD;bkwfudk tjym;vdkuf rcsxm;bJ wpfzufjr§ifhxm;yg/ t"du vufaumuf0wfudkajzmifhxm;Edkifatmif*½kpdkufyg/

3/ uD; bkwf em; udkuyfxdkifyg/ uD;bkwfcvkwfawGu udk,fcEm&JUtv,fwnfhwnfhrSm &Sdaeygap/

50

13/ vufavhusifhcef; vkyfay;yg/ yHkrSm jywJtwdkif; vIyf&Sm;ay;yg/wpfcgvkyf&if 15 acgufeJY wpfaeYudk 6 Budrfavmuf vkyfay;yg/ tJ'Dvdkvkyfay;&if tck bmrSrjzpfbl;qdkolawGtwGufawmifrS aemufrSmjzpfvmrJh jyóemawGudk umuG,fay;ygw,f/

10/ rMumcP &yfem;NyD; avhusifhcef;vkyfyg/ xdkifwm[m usef;rma&;udk xdcdkufapygw,f/ vrf;avQmufwm? &yfwm? taMumqefYwm bmrqdkvkyfvdkufyg/

11/ rdepf 20-30 wpfcg 1 rdepf 2 rdepfavmuf taMumavQmh avhusifhcef;av;vkyfay;yg/ aeYv,fpmpm;&if uGefysLwmu a0;

a0;rSm pm;yg/12/ armfeDwmudkyJ wpfcsdefvHk; Munfhae&if rsufvHk;anmif;wmrdkY ta0;udk vSrf;Munfhay;yg/ vufz0g;eJUrsufvHk;udk ydwfxm;wmrsdK; 10 - 15 puúefUavmufvkyfay;yg/

6/ armfeDwmudk ae&mwus xm;yg/ t"duu vnfyif;taetxm;udk oufaomifhoufomjzpfzdkYygyJ/ udk,fha&SUwnfhwnfhrSm armfeDwm&Sdygap/ armfeDwmxdyfydkif;[m oifhrsufpdeJY wwef;wnf;txuf2 vufr 3 vufravmufrSm &Sdaeatmif csdefxm;yg/ bdkifzdku,frsufrSeform;awGqdk&ifawmhrsufpdwwef;wnf;uae atmufbufenf;enf;a&mufatmif csdefyg/7/ armfeDwmrsufESmjyifuae vufwpfurf;tuGmrSm xdkifyg/ tvif;rjyefatmif *½kpdkufxdkifyg/8/ pm½dkufzdkY pm&Gufudk rsufpdeJY wwef;wnf;rSm xm;Edkifatmif BudK;pm;yg/ zkef;udk vufwurf;rSmxm;yg/ jzpfEdkif&if pyDumoHk;NyD; zkef;ajymyg/9/ xdkifaepOf ajcaxmufawG Murf;jyifay: csvdkYr&&if atmufrSm cHkckxm;yg/ pm;yGJtjrifheJY xdkifcHktjrifhudk n§dEdkifatmif BudK;pm;yg/

special book 02 - myanmarinfodigest.com · 2015 ckespf atmu fw dkbm 28 &u fwgi f urÇmhbp fu...

Documents