speaking
DESCRIPTION
This slideshare contains the most important issues as regards SpeakingTRANSCRIPT
Speaking
Dominguez, Valeria; Grieco Mayra; Lugano M. Eugenia
Saubidet Oyhamburu Stella
Language and Written expression IV
21 August 2014
“Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information”
(Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)
Making oneself understood in a second language
Interactive perspective Speaker Hearer
•Iniciates the interaction•Communicative intention
•Brings presuppositions and expectations•Interprets the speaker´s message•Reacts to the message•Changes his or her role
ORAL INTERACTION
SPEAKER HEARER
IDEASFEELINGSATTITUDESINFORMATION
•LINGUISTIC FORM•PHYSICAL CONTEXT•SOCIOCULTURAL NORMS
MISUNDERSTANDING IN ORAL COMMUNICATION
Lack of command of the target linguistic knowledge
Lack of sharing sociocultural rules of appropiacy and background knowledge
SPEAKING: Controversial skill
Difficult -- Listening comprehension -- Speech production subskills
Easy-- Body language -- Demonstration -- Repetition -- Strategies
Speech productionLevelt´s contextual factors
DemandArousal
Feedback
EffectivenessCoherent organization
CohesionAppropiate choice of lexical items
Cooperative principle
Grice´s maximsQuantityQuality
RelevanceManner
PARTICIPATING IN ORAL INTERACTION
MAINTAINING THE FLOW OF SPEECH
Turn-taking rules
Effective comunicator
ACCOMMODATING THE HEARER• Body language
• Grice´s maxims•Sociocultural appropiacy rules
• Eye contact
PREREQUISITES FOR SPEAKING IN ANOTHER LANGUAGEGood use of pragmatics and
sociocultural factors.Vocabulary relevant to the situationGood use of discourse connectorsSuitable opening and closing phrasesBasic intonation patternsProper rhythm and stressGrice´s maxims
E CF OF ME M C UT NI IV CE A T I O N
COMPENSATION STRATEGIES FOR LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES ParaphrasingAsking for helpUsing examples and explanationsUsing body language
SPEAKING
WRITING
Speaking is similar to writing...
When we speak to someone we take into account the listener´s context
Spoken discourse Written discourse
Productive skill Productive skill
Sound Visual
Temporal Exists in time
Immediate Deferred
Language knowledge Language knowledge
Frequently unplanned Planned
Little editing Can be editted
Redundancy, repetition More dense
SourcesCelce- Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000)
Discorse and Context in Language Teaching
Modern Family The Many Mispronunciations of Sofia Vergara's 'Gloria in Youtube´s website. Available at http://youtu.be/g68KgoHWupg. Retrieved August 18, 2014
What speaking is´s website. Available at http://area.dge.mec.pt/gramatica/whatspeakingis.htm. Retrieved August18,2014