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Speakers’ Bios
Seamus Brown
Strategist
Moore Capital Management
Seamus Brown is senior strategist for Moore Capital Management with a specialization in
developed market monetary and fiscal policy, regulatory reform, and fixed income
markets. Seamus joined Moore from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, where he
led analysis of the Treasury market and contributed to the development and
implementation of large-scale asset programs. Previously, he was a global fixed income
portfolio manager with JP Morgan Asset Management where he began his career. He
holds a B.A. in political science from Johns Hopkins University, a Graduate Diploma in
econometrics from Birkbeck College, University of London and was a Hansard Scholar
at the London School of Economics.
Keith Chapman
Executive General Manager
Diversified Institutions Division
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA)
Keith Chapman was appointed to his current role in December 2011 prior to which he
held the role of Executive General Manager, Supervisory Support Division. Mr.
Chapman joined APRA at its establishment in 1998 and has held a variety of General
Manager level roles at APRA in both supervision and policy development areas. Mr.
Chapman has, at various times, chaired each of APRA's licensing, general insurance,
superannuation and ADI cross divisional committees. Prior to APRA's establishment, Mr.
Chapman was Deputy Commissioner for Superannuation at the Insurance and
Superannuation Commission (ISC). This followed senior roles at the ISC in both life
insurance and superannuation. Mr. Chapman has degrees in both economics and science.
Kevin Cowan
Alternate Executive Director for Chile & Peru
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
Kevin Cowan is Alternate Executive Director for Chile and Peru at the Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB). At the time of his appointment, Mr. Cowan was Regional
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Economic Advisor at the IADB.
Prior to that, he held several positions at the Central Bank of Chile: Director of the
Financial Policy Division (2008-2013), Research Coordinator at the Financial Policy
Division (2007-2008) and Senior Economist at the Economic Research Unit (2005-2007).
He worked as an Economist at the IADB (2002-2005) and Advisor at the Ministry of
Finance in Chile (1995-1998).
In his role as Director of the Financial Policy Division he was responsible for issues
relating to financial regulation and monitoring of systemic risk. He represented the
Central Bank of Chile on the Chilean Committee of Superintendents, the regional
meetings of the FSB and participated in the meetings of the Chilean Financial Stability
Council.
Mr. Cowan graduated as Commercial Engineer from the Catholic University of Chile and
holds a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Kevin Cowan has lectured in economics and macroeconomics at several academic
institutions, including the Catholic University and the Center for Applied Economics of
the University of Chile. He is also the author of several publications, chapters of books,
and working papers on corporate finance and international economics.
Christine M. Cumming
First Vice President
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Christine M. Cumming is First Vice President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York,
the second ranking officer in the Bank, and serves as its Chief Operating Officer, as well
as an alternate voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee.
Prior to being named to her new position, Ms. Cumming was Executive Vice President
and Director of Research with responsibility for the Research and Market Analysis
Group. She assumed these responsibilities in September 1999.
From March 1994 until September 1999, she was Senior Vice President responsible for
the Bank Analysis and Advisory and Technical Services Functions in the Bank
Supervision Group.
Ms. Cumming joined the Bank's staff in September 1979 as an Economist in the
International Research Department, and spent several years leading units in Research
which covered the industrial countries and the international financial markets. Later,
while in the Bank’s International Capital Markets staff, she worked on topics such as the
liquidity of banks and securities firms, the international competitiveness of U.S. financial
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institutions, and the implications of financial innovation.
In January 1992, she was appointed Vice President and assigned to Domestic Bank
Examinations in Bank Supervision. A major focus of Ms. Cumming’s work in
Supervision involved capital markets issues. While in Supervision, she also was active in
the work of the Basel Committee, including participating in the development of the
market risk amendment to the Basel Accord and co-chairing the Risk Management Group
for two and a half years. She also chaired task forces on supervisory matters for the Joint
Forum, made up of banking, securities and insurance regulators.
Ms. Cumming holds both a Bachelor's degree and doctorate in economics from the
University of Minnesota.
Peter Dattels
Deputy Director
Monetary and Capital Markets Department
International Monetary Fund
Mr. Dattels is a Deputy Director of the Monetary and Capital Markets department with
responsibility for the IMF’s global markets monitoring and capital markets analysis
functions. He is responsible for the lead chapter of the Global Financial Stability Report
that gives the IMF’s assessment of global financial stability risks. During the Asian crisis,
Mr. Dattels was a resident representative to Indonesia assisting the authorities in
implementing the Fund’s policy advice on monetary policy and bank restructuring, as
well as part of the IMF mission team. Mr. Dattels has led extensive technical assistance
efforts throughout Asia and Eastern Europe on a full range of financial sector and
monetary topics. Before coming to the Fund, Mr. Dattels was an economist with the
Bank of Canada and had responsibilities for conducting open market operations and
worked on public debt management issues. He holds a Master’s in economics from
Queen’s University, and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA).
Augusto de la Torre
Chief Economist
Latin America and the Caribbean
The World Bank
Augusto de la Torre, a national of Ecuador, is the Chief Economist for Latin America
and the Caribbean. Since joining the World Bank in 1997, he has held the positions of
Senior Advisor in the Financial Systems Department and Senior Financial Sector
Advisor, both in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. de
la Torre was the head of the Central Bank of Ecuador, and in November 1996 was
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chosen by Euromoney magazine as the year’s "Best Latin Central Banker." From 1986 to
1992, he worked at the International Monetary Fund, where, among other positions, he
was the IMF’s Resident Representative in Venezuela (1991-1992).
Mr. de la Torre has published extensively on a broad range of macroeconomic and
financial development topics. He is a member of the Carnegie Network of Economic
Reformers. He earned his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in economics at the University of
Notre Dame and holds a Bachelor’s degree in philosophy from the Catholic University
of Ecuador.
Wilson Ervin
Vice Chairman
Credit Suisse
Wilson Ervin is currently a Vice Chairman in the Group Executive Office. In this role, he
works on a variety of strategic projects, especially policy reforms related to bank capital
and ending “too-big-to-fail”. He also chairs the Credit Suisse Americas Foundation and
the Partner Asset Facility.
Prior to his current role, Mr. Ervin was the Chief Risk Officer of Credit Suisse, a member
of the Executive Board, and Chair of the Capital Allocation and Risk Management
Committee (CARMC). From 1990 to 1998, Mr. Ervin worked at Credit Suisse Financial
Products, where he headed U.S. corporate marketing for derivatives and new product
development. Before 1990, he held various roles in capital markets (fixed income and
equity), Australian investment banking, and the Mergers & Acquisitions group.
Mr. Ervin received his A.B., summa cum laude, in economics from Princeton University.
Wissam H. Fattouh
Secretary General
Union of Arab Banks
Mr. Wissam H. Fattouh became the Secretary General of the Union of Arab Banks in
November 2010. As such, he leads the region’s largest banking consortium and sole
representative of the Arab banking community, which aims at the development and
advancement of banking and financial markets in addition to cross-border relations and
the international exchange of expertise.
Mr. Fattouh has excellent knowledge and expertise in Arab and international banking and
financial sectors, acquired from over 20 years of experience in this domain and through
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extensive and close relations with Arab, European and U.S. central bank governors and
regional/international financial and regulatory heads.
Before his current position, Mr. Fattouh served as the Acting Secretary General, Deputy
Secretary General, Director of Conferences, and Manager of Information Technology. He
gained a worldwide channel of communication through innovatively organizing,
marketing, and supervising international, regional, and local conferences, seminars, and
training programs on banking and financial matters in cooperation with the likes of the
U.S. Department of the Treasury, the IMF, the IFC, European Banking Federations, and
various international governmental entities. He has established a number of professional
groups and associations, including Group of Certified Compliance Officers (GCCO) and
Group of Certified Risk Managers (GCRM). Mr. Fattouh has served as a Member of the
Advisory Board of the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists and
on the Board of Trustees of The Arab Academy for Banking & Financial Sciences.
Mr. Fattouh was born in Beirut in September 1965. He is married with two children and
is a graduate of the Lebanese American University in Beirut. He is fluent in Arabic,
English, and French.
Mark J. Flannery
Chief Economist and Director
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Mark J. Flannery is the Chief Economist and Director of the Division of Economic and
Risk Analysis at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. He has published
extensively, primarily in the areas of financial regulation and corporate capital structure.
In 2003, Dr. Flannery helped establish the FDIC’s Center for Financial Research and then
served as Co-Director and Senior Adviser until 2008. He worked as a Senior Adviser to
the Office of Financial Research from 2011-2014, and has been a long-term visitor to the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research Department. He served as President of
the Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS), President and Board Chairman of
the Financial Management Association, and member of the board of directors of the
American Finance Association. He was an editor of the Journal of Money, Credit and
Banking from 2000-2005.
Dr. Flannery is on leave from the University of Florida, where he holds the BankAmerica
Eminent Scholar Chair in Finance. He earned an A.B. summa cum laude from Princeton
University and an M.A., an M.Phil. and a Ph.D. (all in economics) from Yale University.
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Michael S. Gibson
Director of the Division of Banking Supervision and Regulation
Federal Reserve Board
Michael S. Gibson is Director of the Division of Banking Supervision and
Regulation at the Federal Reserve Board. As division director, he oversees the
Federal Reserve’s development of bank regulatory policy and its supervision of
banking organizations. He represents the Federal Reserve on the Basel Committee
on Banking Supervision and works closely with officials from other U.S. and
international government agencies on bank oversight issues.
He formerly served as Deputy Director in the Division of Research and Statistics at the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, where he was responsible for
overseeing the division’s financial functions. He has worked on research and policy
issues related to financial stability, financial markets, and derivatives. He has authored
articles on value at risk, stress testing, and credit derivatives. He served on the faculty of
the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business for two years and as a visiting
lecturer at Princeton University. He has a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and a B.A. in economics from Stanford University.
Daniel L. Glaser
Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Daniel L. Glaser was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 27, 2011 to serve as Assistant
Secretary for Terrorist Financing in the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence.
As Assistant Secretary, Mr. Glaser is responsible for helping to formulate and coordinate
the counterterrorist financing and anti-money laundering policies and strategies for the
Department.
Mr. Glaser has served as Treasury’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing
and Financial Crimes since November 2004. He was responsible for developing and
coordinating policies to protect the U.S. and international financial systems from abuse
related to money laundering, terrorist financing, and the financing of the proliferation of
weapons of mass destruction. Mr. Glaser also served since 2001 as the Head of the U.S.
Delegation to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the premier international anti-
money laundering and counterterrorism financing body.
Prior to that position, Mr. Glaser served as the first Director of the Treasury Department’s
Executive Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes and as Senior Counsel for
Financial Crimes in the Office of the General Counsel. He also served as an attorney for
the U.S. Secret Service. Mr. Glaser began his career as an associate in the law firm of
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Coudert Brothers. He is a graduate of the University of Michigan and the Columbia
University School of Law.
Simon Gleeson
Partner
Clifford Chance LLP, U.K. Office
Simon Gleeson joined Clifford Chance in 2007 as a partner in the firm's Financial
Regulation group, where he specializes in financial markets law and regulation. He has
advised governments, regulators and public bodies, banks, investment firms, fund
managers, and other financial institutions on a wide range of regulatory issues. He
advised the World Economic Forum on their report on their 2009 Report on The New
Global Financial Architecture, and has worked with regulators and governments around
the world on the establishment of regulatory regimes. He has been a member of the
Financial Markets Law Committee, chairs the Institute of International Finance's
Committee on Cross-Border Bank Resolution, has written numerous books and articles
on financial regulation, and is the author of "International Regulation of Banking",
recently published by Oxford University Press. He is a Visiting Professor of the Faculty
of Law at the University of Edinburgh.
Gloria M. Grandolini
Senior Director
Finance & Markets Global Practice
The World Bank
Gloria M. Grandolini is responsible for delivering tailored development solutions
integrating World Bank Group financial, knowledge/advisory, and convening services to
our clients. The FMGP delivers comprehensive World Bank Group solutions, including
World Bank loans/credits, guarantees, and risk-management products and WB and IFC
knowledge, advisory, and convening services to public sector clients.
Her most recent assignment was Country Director for Mexico and Colombia where she
was responsible for the Bank's program in those countries aimed at delivering innovative
development solutions and at partnering with them to leverage their leadership and
enhance South-South collaboration.
In addition to her managerial experience, Ms. Grandolini has hands-on operational and
market experience in financial sector development, pensions and insurance, disaster risk
management, capital markets, infrastructure finance, and the full range of financial
products offered by the WBG.
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Ms. Grandolini is an Italian and Honduran national, has a Ph.D. in international
economics and a Master’s in law and diplomacy from the Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy, at Tufts University. She also holds a Master’s degree in foreign service from
the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University.
Francois Groepe
Deputy Governor
Financial Stability & Currency Management
South African Reserve Bank
Francois Groepe was first appointed by the President of South Africa to the Board of the
South African Reserve Bank (‘SARB’) in July 2004 as a Non-Executive Director. He was
appointed as a Deputy Governor by the President in January 2012. He has executive
management responsibility for the financial stability, national payments system, security
management and currency management departments, as well as the two currency
manufacturing subsidiaries, namely the South African Bank Note Company and the
South African Mint Company. He is a member of the Monetary Policy Committee,
Governors’ Executive Committee and Financial Stability Committee and chairs the South
African Bank Note Company and the South African Mint Company.
Previously he was the Group Managing Director and CEO of Media24, the largest print
and digital media company on the African continent.
He holds BCom (Hons), MBA and LLM degrees, and a Postgraduate Diploma in Tax
Law. He is a Chartered Management Accountant and an Advocate of the High Court of
South Africa.
Mario Guadamillas
Manager
Finance & Markets Global Practice
The World Bank
Mario Guadamillas has worked for the World Bank since 1998. Mr. Guadamillas is
currently the World Bank manager of the Financial Architecture and Banking Systems
Service Line that coordinates the joint IMF-World Bank Financial Sector Assessment
Program (FSAP), the World Bank participation in the Financial Stability Board, and
provides assistance to countries in the banking regulation and supervisory area.
Previously he was a Senior Financial Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean,
leading Bank operational work. Mr. Guadamillas has numerous publications on financial
sector issues, notably on financial infrastructure.
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Before joining the World Bank, Mr. Guadamillas was an economist in the Ministry of
Finance of Spain at the Research Department. He also worked for the Central Bank of
Spain as an economic and financial analyst.
He has lectured at the Universidad Autónoma, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Universidad
Alfonso X, Universidad Europea de Estudios Superiores and Universidad Nacional de
Educación a Distancia, all in Madrid, in the areas of macroeconomics, economic policy,
international economies and financial systems.
Mr. Guadamillas earned his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in business and economics,
respectively, at the Universidad Complutense and Universidad Nacional de Educación a
Distancia in Madrid.
Aerdt Houben
Director of the Financial Markets Division
De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB)
Aerdt Houben (1963) is Director of the Financial Markets Division at De Nederlandsche
Bank (DNB), the Dutch central bank and prudential supervisor, responsible for all
activities related to asset and risk management as well as the monetary operations of
DNB. Prior to this, he was Director of the Financial Stability Division at DNB, assessing
macroprudential risks in the Netherlands and formulating policy proposals to safeguard
financial stability. Before this, he headed the Supervisory Strategy Department during the
integration of prudential supervision on banks, insurance companies, and pension funds
within DNB, and the Monetary Policy Department, including during the change-over to
the euro. He has worked at the IMF, in the Policy Development and Review Department.
He is currently a member of the Committee on the Global Financial System and the
Markets Committee at the BIS, the Advisory Technical Committee of the European
Systemic Risk Board and the Financial Stability Committee of the ECB. He has been a
member of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the International
Organization of Pension Supervisors and has been active in numerous other policy
committees in the context of the IMF, G10, the Eurosystem, the EU’s Economic and
Financial Committee and the EU supervisory committee CEIOPS. He has a Ph.D. in
monetary economics and has published broadly on financial issues.
Jim Yong Kim
President
The World Bank Group
Jim Yong Kim, M.D., Ph.D. is the President of the World Bank Group. Soon after he
became president in July 2012, the organization established two goals: ending extreme
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poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent of the
population in developing countries. Kim’s career has been focused on health, education,
and delivering services to the poor. Before joining the World Bank, he served as
President of Dartmouth College and held professorships at Harvard Medical School and
the Harvard School of Public Health. From 2003-2005, as Director of the World Health
Organization’s HIV/AIDS Department, he led the “3 by 5” initiative, the first-ever global
goal for AIDS treatment, which helped to expand AIDS treatment in developing
countries. In 1987, Kim co-founded Partners In Health, a non-profit medical organization
now working in poor communities on four continents. Trained as a physician and an
anthropologist, he has received several awards, including a MacArthur “Genius”
Fellowship, and recognitions such as one of America’s “25 Best Leaders” by U.S. News
& World Report, and one of the “100 Most Influential People in the World” by TIME
Magazine.
Masamichi Kono
Vice Minister for International Affairs
Japan Financial Services Agency
Masamichi Kono is currently serving as Vice Minister for International Affairs, Financial
Services Agency, Japan (JFSA) and as President of the Asian Financial Partnership
Center (AFPAC) of the JFSA. As President of AFPAC, he oversees the technical
assistance activities and other outreach activities in Asia undertaken by this newly created
Center. In his current capacity, he represents the JFSA in various international bodies and
meetings, and is responsible for coordinating policies relating to international affairs for
the JFSA. He is also serving as Chairman of the IFRS Foundation Monitoring Board.
He has a long career in financial supervision and the regulation of financial services, both
in Japan and in the international arena, since joining the public service in 1978.
He was Secretary to the WTO Financial Services Committee between 1994 and 1999, as
Counselor of the Trade in Services Division, World Trade Organization. He also served
for 4 years at the OECD Secretariat. He was Chairman of the IOSCO Technical
Committee from April 2011 until May 2012, and thereafter served as Chairman of the
IOSCO Board until the end of his term in March 2013.
Since 2005, he is a Visiting Professor at the University of Hiroshima, Graduate School of
Social Sciences (Finance Program).
He holds a B.A. in law from Tokyo University.
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Christine Lagarde
Managing Director
International Monetary Fund
Born in Paris in 1956, Christine Lagarde completed high school in Le Havre and attended
Holton Arms School in Bethesda (Maryland, U.S.A.). She then graduated from law
school at University Paris X, and obtained a Master’s degree from the Political Science
Institute in Aix en Provence.
After being admitted as a lawyer to the Paris Bar, Christine Lagarde joined the
international law firm of Baker & McKenzie as an associate, specializing in Labor, Anti-
trust, and Mergers & Acquisitions. A member of the Executive Committee of the Firm in
1995, Christine Lagarde became the Chairman of the Global Executive Committee of
Baker & McKenzie in 1999, and subsequently Chairman of the Global Strategic
Committee in 2004.
Christine Lagarde joined the French government in June 2005 as Minister for Foreign
Trade. After a brief stint as Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries, in June 2007 she
became the first woman to hold the post of Finance and Economy Minister of a G-7
country. From July to December 2008, she also chaired the ECOFIN Council, which
brings together Economics and Finance Ministers of the European Union.
As a member of the G-20, Christine Lagarde was involved in the Group's management of
the financial crisis, helping to foster international policies related to financial supervision
and regulation and to strengthen global economic governance. As Chairman of the G-20
when France took over its presidency for the year 2011, she launched a wide-ranging
work agenda on the reform of the international monetary system.
In July 2011, Christine Lagarde became the eleventh Managing Director of the IMF, and
the first woman to hold that position.
Christine Lagarde was named Officier in the Légion d'honneur in April 2012.
A former member of the French national team for synchronized swimming, Christine
Lagarde is the mother of two sons.
David Landsman
Executive Director
The National Money Transmitters Association
Mr. Landsman has worked his entire career in the money transfer business and, at one
time or another, has held positions in just about every functional area. He specializes in
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AML compliance and state licensing matters, and is conversational in Portuguese and
Spanish.
From 2007 to 2010, he served on FinCEN’s BSA Advisory Group. He has consulted for
attorneys and given expert testimony and testified before Congress. He is often invited to
speak at conferences, and has addressed such bodies as the World Bank, FATF and the
UN Development Fund.
As Executive Director of the National Money Transmitters Association since 2004, he
organizes conferences, develops AML compliance training courses and seeks to promote
constructive dialogue among the industry, banks and regulators. He continues working to
unite the industry, uphold its image and protect its access to the banking system.
James A. Lewis
Director of Technology & Public Policy Program
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
James A. Lewis directs the CSIS Technology and Public Policy Program. Before joining
CSIS, he was a diplomat and a member of the U.S. Senior Executive Service. His
government experience includes work on policies to secure and commercialize the
internet. Mr. Lewis was the Rapporteur for both the 2010 and the 2012-2013 UN Group
of Government Experts on Information Security and has led a long running Track II
discussion on cybersecurity with the China Institutes of Contemporary International
Relations. He has authored numerous publications since coming to CSIS, including
“Why Privacy and Cybersecurity Clash,” “Net Losses: Estimating the Global Loss of
Cybercrime,” and “Assessing the Risk of Cyber Terror.” He was Executive Director for
CSIS’s Commission on Cybersecurity for the 44th Presidency, the best-selling report
whose contributions to U.S. policy were recognized by the President. Lewis is an
internationally known expert who is frequently quoted in the media. He has testified
numerous times before Congress. His current research examines digital trade, internet
governance, and cybersecurity. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago.
Donato Masciandaro
Professor of Economics
Bocconi University
Donato Masciandaro, born in Italy in 1961, has served from 2001 as Full Professor of
Economics. Since 2005 he holds the Chair in Economics of Financial Regulation at
Bocconi University, Milan. From 2013 he is Head of the Department of Economics; and
he was already Department Head from 2008 to 2010. From 2015, he has served as
President of the Baffi Carefin Centre on Banking, Finance and Regulation; he was
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already Director of the Centre (2008-2014). He is currently Member of the Management
Board and Honorary Treasurer of the SUERF (Sociètè Universitarie Europèenne de
Recherches Financières). From 2014 he is a member of the CEPS (Centre for European
Policy Studies) European Capital Markets Expert Group, as well as Research Associate
of the European Research Centre for Economic and Financial Governance, Erasmus
University of Rotterdam. He served as Visiting Scholar at the IMF Institute as well as
Consultant at the Inter-American Development Bank and at the United Nations. He is
Associate Editor of the Journal of Financial Stability.
Recent books include: “Banking Secrecy and International Financial Markets. Economics
and Politics”, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke Hampshire, 2015, (with O. Balakina);
forthcoming; “Modern Monetary Policy and Central Bank Governance”, (ed.), Edward
Elgar, Cheltenham, 2014, (with S. Eijffinger); “Money, Regulation and Growth: New
Growth in Europe”, (ed). Larcier, Paris, 263-318, 2014 (with M.Balling, Frank Lierman,
and M. Quintyn); “The Handbook of Central Banking, Financial Regulation and
Supervision after the Crisis”, (ed.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2011, (with S. Eijffinger).
Cardinal Theodore McCarrick
Archbishop Emeritus of Washington
Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick attended St. Joseph’s Seminary, Yonkers, NY,
where he earned a B.A. in 1954 and a Master’s Degree in history in 1958. Francis
Cardinal Spellman ordained him to the priesthood on May 31, 1958 in New York City.
He went on to earn a second Master’s degree in social sciences and a Ph.D. in sociology
from The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.
In 1986 and again in 1992, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) elected
then-Archbishop McCarrick to head its Committee on Migration. In 1992, he also was
named to head the Committee for Aid to the Church in Central and Eastern Europe; in
1996, as chair of the Committee on International Policy; and in 2001, as Chairman of the
Domestic Policy Committee. Other USCCB committees on which the Cardinal has
served are Administrative, Doctrine, Laity, Latin America and the Missions. He was
elected one of 15 U.S. bishops to serve as a member of the Synod for America held in
1997. At the conclusion of that Synod, the bishops elected him to serve on the Post
Synodal Council.
A founding member of the Papal Foundation, he has served as its president since 1997.
Cardinal McCarrick also is a member of the Board of Catholic Relief Services. For the
Vatican, he serves on the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, Pontifical
Council for Justice and Peace, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and
Itinerant Peoples, Pontifical Commission for Latin America and the Administration of the
Patrimony of the Holy See.
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He has visited many nations as a human rights advocate and to survey humanitarian
needs. These include China, Cuba, Iran, Vietnam, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South
Korea, Rwanda and Burundi. He also has traveled extensively in Eastern Europe and
Central America. In November 1996, then-Archbishop McCarrick was invited to serve on
the Secretary of State’s Advisory Committee on Religious Freedom Abroad and from
1999-2001 he was a member of the United States Commission for International Religious
Freedom.
In January 2000, the President of Lebanon named him an Officer of the Order of the
Cedars of Lebanon and in December 2000, the President of the United States presented
him with the Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights, just two of many honors he
has received.
On January 2, 2001, he was installed as Archbishop of Washington, a position he held
until May 16, 2006. Just seven weeks after his installation, on February 21, 2001, he was
elevated to the College of Cardinals by Pope John Paul II. He took possession of his
titular church, Ss. Nereus and Achilleus, on June 28, 2001.
As Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal McCarrick served as Chancellor of The Catholic
University of America and president of the Board of Trustees of the Basilica of the
National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, and placed an emphasis on education,
vocations and meeting the needs of new immigrants, particularly in the Latino
community.
He traveled around the world, including trips to areas affected by major natural disasters,
such as Central America, Sri Lanka and Louisiana and Mississippi post-Hurricane
Katrina, to ensure people in need would receive assistance, and to bring prayer and
financial support.
He also continued to travel on behalf of Catholic Relief Services, and to fulfill various
responsibilities for the Vatican and the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Among many notable events, Cardinal McCarrick was one of 115 Cardinals in the world
who participated in the conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI as the successor to Pope
John Paul II in April 2005.
Barbara Novick
Vice Chairman
BlackRock
Barbara G. Novick, Vice Chairman, is a member of BlackRock's Global Executive and
Global Operating Committees and Chairs the Government Relations Steering Committee.
From the inception of the firm in 1988 to 2008, Ms. Novick headed the Global Client
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Group and oversaw global business development, marketing and client service across
equity, fixed income, liquidity, alternative investment and real estate products for
institutional and individual investors and their intermediaries worldwide. In her current
role, Ms. Novick heads the firm’s efforts globally on Government Relations and Public
Policy, and she serves as a board member to the BlackRock Equity-Liquidity and
BlackRock Closed End fund families.
Prior to founding BlackRock in 1988, Ms. Novick was a Vice President in the Mortgage
Products Group at The First Boston Corporation. Ms. Novick joined First Boston in 1985,
where she became head of the Portfolio Products Team. From 1982 to 1985, Ms. Novick
was with Morgan Stanley.
Ms. Novick has authored numerous articles on asset management and public policy
issues. Ms. Novick is a member of CFA Institute’s Future of Finance Advisory Council
and Reuters’ Editorial Advisory Board. She currently serves as a Trustee of Cornell
University, UJA-Federation, and the HCM Foundation, and coaches in the Westchester
Youth Soccer League. Ms. Novick previously served on the boards of Robert Toigo
Foundation (2007–2010), City Harvest (2010-2012) and Westchester Day School (2000-
2005), and served as both Treasurer and Trustee of Westchester Jewish Center (1994-
2012). Ms. Novick earned a B.A. degree, cum laude, in economics from Cornell
University in 1981.
Dr. Vincent Papa
Director of Financial Reporting Policy Group
CFA Institute
Dr. Papa is a Director of Financial Reporting Policy Group at CFA Institute, usually
working from the London office and currently working from the New York office. His
role over the last seven years has focused on financial reporting for capital markets policy
research and advocacy for investors’ financial reporting information needs with a specific
focus on U.S. GAAP and IFRS accounting standards. He has focused on bank risk
disclosures and performance reporting. Dr. Papa is a member of the following standard
setter and regulatory working groups:
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) advisory council. The advisory
council advises the IASB on strategy and agenda. He also previously served on the
IASB Capital Markets Advisory Committee (CMAC) for six years (2007-2013)
European Securities Markets Authority (ESMA) Corporate Reporting Standing
Working Committee (CRSWC)
European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) user panel
Financial Stability Board (FSB) Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF)
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Prior to joining CFA Institute, Dr. Papa had experience as an investment analyst at
Observatory Capital Hedge Fund in London, undertaking fundamental credit analysis of
European companies issuing high yield securities. In addition, he has 11 years’
experience working as an auditor and management consultant at KPMG, Accenture, and
PricewaterhouseCoopers in Johannesburg and Nairobi.
Ceyla Pazarbasioglu
Deputy Director
Monetary and Capital Markets Department
International Monetary Fund
Dr. Ceyla Pazarbasioglu is a Deputy Director in the Monetary and Capital Markets
Department of the IMF. She is in charge of the work on financial sector oversight and
crisis management. She manages the Fund’s work on the global regulatory reform agenda
and its implementation in member countries and led the Financial Sector Assessment
Programs (FSAPs) for the United Kingdom (2011) and Spain (2012). Dr. Pazarbasioglu
represents the Fund at the Financial Stability Board (FSB) Resolution Steering Group and
World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Global Financial Systems. She has
worked at the IMF during 1992-98 and since 2004, Dr. Pazarbasioglu was appointed as
the Vice President of the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency of Turkey after
the major banking crisis of February 2001. As a senior official, she was part of the crisis
management team and coordinated the bank recapitalization and restructuring efforts.
During 1998–2001, Dr. Pazarbasioglu worked as the Chief Economist of Emerging
European Markets at ABN AMRO Investment Bank in London. Prior to 1998, she
worked at the IMF on financial sector issues and bank restructuring strategies for the
Nordic countries, and many emerging and developing market countries. She holds a
Ph.D. in economics from Georgetown University, was a visiting scholar at Princeton
University, and is a certified Securities and Financial Derivates Representative. She has
published papers and edited books on crisis management and financial sector regulations.
Nomi Prins
Distinguished Fellow
Demos
Nomi Prins is a renowned journalist, author and speaker. Her latest book, All the
Presidents' Bankers, is a groundbreaking narrative about the relationships of presidents to
key bankers over the past century and how they impacted domestic and foreign policy.
Her other books include a historical novel about the 1929 crash, Black Tuesday, and the
hard-hitting expose It Takes a Pillage: Behind the Bonuses, Bailouts, and Backroom
Deals from Washington to Wall Street (Wiley, 2009/2010). She is also the author
of Other People’s Money: The Corporate Mugging of America (The New Press, 2004)
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which was chosen as a Best Book of 2004 by The Economist, Barron's and The Library
Journal, and Jacked (Polipoint Press, 2006).
She has appeared on numerous TV programs: internationally for BBC, RtTV, and
nationally for CNN, CNBC, MSNBC, CSPAN, Democracy Now, Fox and PBS. She has
been featured on hundreds of radio shows globally including for CNNRadio,
Marketplace, NPR, BBC, and Canadian Programming. She has featured in numerous
documentaries shot by international production companies, alongside prominent thought-
leaders, and Nobel Prize winners.
Her writing has been featured in The New York Times, Fortune, Newsday, Mother Jones,
The Daily Beast, Newsweek, Truthdig, The Guardian, The Nation, Alternet, NY Daily
News, LaVanguardia, and other publications.
Her engaging key-note speeches are thoughtfully tailored, and she has spoken at
numerous venues including the Purdue University/Sinai Forum, University of Wisconsin
Eau Claire Forum, Ohio State University Law School, Columbia University, Pepperdine
Graduate School of Business, Manhattan College, National Consumer Law Center,
Environmental Grantmakers Association, NASS Spinal Surgeons Conference, and the
Mexican Senate.
She is a member of Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) Federal Reserve Reform Advisory
Council, and is listed as one of America's TopWonks. She is on the advisory board of the
whistle-blowing organization ExposeFacts, and a board member of the animal welfare
and wildlife conservation group, Born Free USA.
Nomi received her B.S. in math from SUNY Purchase, and M.S. in statistics from New
York University, where she completed all required coursework for a Ph.D. in statistics.
Before becoming a journalist, Nomi worked on Wall Street as a managing director at
Goldman Sachs, ran the international analytics group as a senior managing director at
Bear Stearns in London, and worked as a strategist at Lehman Brothers and analyst at the
Chase Manhattan Bank.
She is currently a Distinguished Senior Fellow at the non-partisan public policy think-
tank Demos.
Andrzej Raczko
Member of the Management Board
National Bank of Poland
Dr. Andrzej Raczko was born in 1953 in Kutno. In 1977, he graduated from the
University of Łódź specialising in econometrics. In 1985, he obtained his Ph.D. in
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economics and then worked as an assistant professor at the University of Łódź. He
collaborated with academic centres in the United Kingdom, France, and Central
European countries within the framework of EU research projects.
Since the 1990s, he has worked in the banking sector, among others in LG Petro Bank
SA, where he was CEO. In 1999-2001, working in PKO BP, he was in charge of the
mortgage bank project. In 2003, he was Vice President of Bank Gospodarki
Żywnościowej SA.
In 2001-2002, Dr. Raczko was Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Finance. His
responsibilities covered public debt management, financial negotiations with the
European Union, and co-operation with international financial institutions.
Dr. Raczko served as Minister of Finance in the final stage of Poland’s accession to the
European Union (2003-2004). After 2004, Dr. Raczko served as Alternate Executive
Director and subsequently as visiting scholar in the International Monetary Fund. He was
also Chief Economist and Director of Research Department in the Polish Financial
Supervision Authority.
Gérard Rameix
President
Autorité des Marchés Financiers, France
Gérard Rameix was appointed Chairman of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers by
Decree of the French President on August 1, 2012.
Gérard Rameix, 63, has a Postgraduate Diploma in public law, graduated from the Paris
Institut d’Etudes Politiques and is also an alumnus of the Ecole Nationale Administration
(ENA) (Class of 1978, Pierre Mendès France).
He began his career in 1978 as an Auditor at the French Court of Audit (Cour des
Comptes), becoming an Assistant Judge of the Court in 1982. After working on
secondment as Unit Head at the Budget Directorate of the Finance Ministry, Gérard
Rameix returned to the Court of Audit in 1984 and was then appointed as a Technical
Adviser to the Private Office of the Prime Minister from 1986 to 1988. He was Director
of Industrial Affairs (1989) and then Director of Financial Operations and Investments
(1990) for the company Hottinguer Finances and became Chairman of the company
Finindex in 1990. Gérard Rameix was appointed Director of the National Employee
Health Insurance Scheme in 1993 and Deputy Director of the Private Office of the Prime
Minister in 1997.
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Roberto Rocha
Senior Advisor
Finance & Markets Global Practice
The World Bank
Roberto Rocha did his graduate studies in economics at the Vargas Foundation in Brazil
and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a
young professional at the IMF and transferred to the World Bank in 1985, where has been
since then. In his career in the Bank, he has been involved in research and operational
work in macroeconomic stabilization, financial sector reform, financial sector
development, systemic pension reform, and private pension development. In the 1990s,
Mr. Rocha was stationed in Budapest as a lead economist in the Central European office
of the World Bank leading the Bank’s work in the areas of bank and enterprise
restructuring, financial reform and pension reform in several transition countries. In the
following decade, he managed the private pensions unit and the financial development
policy unit and led several FSAPs in Central Europe and other regions. In 2009, Mr.
Rocha became the Senior Advisor for the Middle East and North Africa region, where he
led the diagnostic of MENA financial sectors and the main FSAPs in the region and
provided advice to the main operations with client countries. He also advised the World
Bank Group in the elaboration of the SME Finance reports for the G20. He is currently
Senior Advisor and global lead for the financial oversight group of the new F&MGP. In
this capacity, he has continued to lead financial sector strategies and FSAPs in East Asia,
and perform advisory functions in several regions.
Nathan Sheets
Under Secretary for International Affairs
U.S. Department of the Treasury
Nathan Sheets was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the Treasury Department’s Under
Secretary for International Affairs in September 2014. In this position, he serves as the
senior official responsible for advising the Secretary of the Treasury on international
economic issues.
Previously, Mr. Sheets worked as Global Head of International Economics at Citigroup, a
position which he took up in September 2011. In that role, he provided economic and
financial insights to the firm’s institutional clients around the world and helped lead
Citi’s team of economists. He also appeared regularly on CNBC, Bloomberg TV, and
CNN International. His research projects focused on global themes, with a particular
emphasis on the role of the United States in the world economy.
Mr. Sheets worked previously at the Federal Reserve Board for 18 years in a variety of
positions. From September 2007 to August 2011, he served as Director of the Board’s
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Division of International Finance and as one of three Economists to the Federal Open
Market Committee (FOMC). He advised the Committee on macroeconomic and
financial developments in foreign economies, as well as on the outlook for U.S. trade, the
dollar, and global commodity prices. He also played a key role in the Fed’s swap line
program with other central banks during the financial crisis. Mr. Sheets represented the
Federal Reserve at a range of international meetings and was a member of the Committee
on the Global Financial System (CGFS) sponsored by the Bank for International
Settlements. From 2006-07, while on leave from the Board, he served as a Senior
Advisor to the U.S. Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund.
Mr. Sheets has published research in the Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, the
Journal of International Money and Finance, the Journal of International Economics and
the Review of International Economics. He received his B.A. in economics from
Brigham Young University in 1989. As a recipient of the National Science Foundation
Fellowship, he completed his Ph.D. studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
in 1993. Mr. Sheets is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
HO Hern Shin
Executive Director
Monetary Authority of Singapore
HO Hern Shin has been with the Monetary Authority of Singapore since 1999. In her
current capacity as Executive Director (Specialist Risk Department), she oversees the
supervision of technology and cyber security risk for all financial institutions in
Singapore. She also oversees the supervision of payment systems, and the provision of
specialized risk expertise to support the supervision of financial and business continuity
risks for financial institutions in Singapore. Through her previous roles in MAS, Ms. Ho
has experience in developing bank capital policies, supervising life insurance companies,
as well as in human capital management and organizational development. Prior to
joining the MAS, Ms. Ho was a fixed income proprietary trader, and subsequently a
credit analyst in the early part of her career. Ms. Ho has a first class B.Sc. degree in
monetary economics from the London School of Economics in the UK.
Michael Solomon
Associate Director of the Division of Banking Supervision and Regulation
Federal Reserve Board
Michael Solomon is an Associate Director in the Division of Banking Supervision and
Regulation at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. He is an officer
with responsibility for a diverse range of work, including BSA/AML, Corporate
Governance, Enforcement, and Resolution and Recovery Planning.
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Mr. Solomon also has held senior leadership positions at several U.S. banking agencies.
Before joining the Board, Mr. Solomon led the Office of Thrift Supervision’s work in
Supervision Policy, with a focus on Capital Policy during the development by the U.S.
banking agencies of capital standards based on the Basel II international standards.
Earlier in his career he served as a senior official in the Legal Division of the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, where he led negotiations to resolve some of the most
significant cases resulting from the savings and loan crisis. Before that, he served as a
Special Assistant to the Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board during that
crisis and helped implement some of the reforms that followed. He began his career in
Washington by serving as Counsel to the United States House of Representatives with a
focus on banking issues. He also practiced law privately, both in Washington and New
Jersey.
Mr. Solomon is a graduate of the Benjamin Cardozo School of Law in New York City,
and Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Richard Thorpe
Adviser on Accounting & Auditing
Financial Stability Board
Richard Thorpe is Adviser on Accounting and Auditing at the Financial Stability Board
based at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel. He is responsible for all
accounting, auditing and public reporting policy, including the FSB’s work on converged
accounting standards, on risk disclosures, and on enhancing audit quality in the audits of
Globally Significant Financial Institutions. He is also responsible for work on long-term
investment, and contributes to work on capital standards for insurers and on corporate
liability structures. Richard joined the FSB in January 2013, and before that was Head of
Accounting and Audit Policy at the U.K. Financial Services Authority, where he led work
on enhancing audit quality and public disclosures, as well as all aspects of accounting
policy across banking, insurance and securities regulation. Richard is a U.K. chartered
accountant who has worked in financial services regulation for nearly 30 years.
John Trundle
Chief Executive Officer
Euroclear UK & Ireland (EUI)
John Trundle is Chief Executive Officer of Euroclear U.K. & Ireland (EUI), the Central
Securities Depository. EUI operates the CREST system which is a reliable, low risk and
efficient securities settlement system for the UK and Ireland. EUI also offers other
services notably for collateral management and transactions in the funds industry. Mr.
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Trundle was previously Chief Risk Officer of the Euroclear group and an executive
director of Euroclear Bank. He began his career with the Bank of England first as an
economist, later as private secretary to the Governor, and then as head of the Market
Infrastructure Division (with responsibility for the oversight of payment systems) and
Business Continuity Division. He was the U.K. member of the Basel Committee on
Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS), where he chaired the group which produced
the Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment Systems in 2001. Mr. Trundle
holds an MBA from the London Business School (U.K.) and an economics degree from
Cambridge University. He is a member of the FCA Markets Practitioner Panel, the
editorial board of the Journal of Financial Market Infrastructures, the SWIFT Institute
Advisory Committee and the World Bank’s G25 Panel of Experts on financial market
infrastructure. He is also Chairman of the City-based charity, Blind in Business.
José Viñals
Financial Counsellor and Director
Monetary and Capital Markets Department
International Monetary Fund
José Viñals is currently the Financial Counsellor and Director of the Monetary and
Capital Markets Department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). He is a member
of the Financial Stability Board, representing the IMF.
His professional career has been closely tied to the Central Bank of Spain, where he
served as the Deputy Governor after holding successive positions.
He has also held the positions of Chairman of the European Central Bank International
Relations Committee and Chairman of Spain’s Deposit Guarantee Funds.
He has been a member of: the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Committee on the
Global Financial System; the European Central Bank Monetary Policy Committee; and
the high-level group appointed by the President of the European Commission to examine
economic challenges in the European Union. He was also a member of the European
Union Economic and Financial Committee and a Board Member of the Spanish
Securities Authority, the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores.
He holds a Bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Valencia; a Master’s
degree in economics from the London School of Economics; and Master's and Doctoral
(Ph.D.) degrees in economics from Harvard University. He is a former Faculty Member
of the Economics Department at Stanford University.
His awards include the Premio Rey Jaime I (King James I Prize) in Economics in 2001.
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Frédéric Visnovsky
Deputy Secretary General
Bank of France - Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Resolution
Frédéric Visnovsky is Deputy Secretary General at Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de
Resolution (ACPR) since July 2011, in charge of the departments dealing with the
supervision of banks, licensing and study.
Member of European Banking Authority (EBA) Board of Supervisors
Chair of EBA Standing Committee on Accounting Reporting and Auditing (SCARA)
Secretary General of the Consultative Committee of the Financial Legislation and
Regulation (CCLRF)
Member of the French Accounting Committee (ANC)
During 2014, Chair of the French Steering Committee for the Comprehensive
assessment.
At the Banque de France since 1984, Frédéric Visnovsky started as a Financial Analyst
before becoming Financial Counsellor at the French Embassy in Algeria for three years.
Joining the Commission Bancaire, he was successively Head of the Accounting
Department when BAFI (new prudential reporting) was introduced (1992-1996), Head of
the International Department during Basel 2 negotiation (1997-2003) and Deputy
Director and Director for Supervision of Mutual Banks and Investment Firms (2004 –
July 2011).
Janet L. Yellen
Chair
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Janet L. Yellen took office as Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System on February 3, 2014, for a four-year term ending February 3, 2018. Dr. Yellen
also serves as Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee, the System's principal
monetary policymaking body. Prior to her appointment as Chair, Dr. Yellen served as
Vice Chair of the Board of Governors, taking office in October 2010, when she
simultaneously began a 14-year term as a member of the Board that will expire January
31, 2024.
Dr. Yellen is Professor Emeritus at the University of California at Berkeley where she
was the Eugene E. and Catherine M. Trefethen Professor of Business and Professor of
Economics and has been a faculty member since 1980.
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Dr. Yellen took leave from Berkeley for five years starting August 1994. She served as a
member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System through February
1997, and then left the Federal Reserve to become chair of the Council of Economic
Advisers through August 1999. She also chaired the Economic Policy Committee of the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development from 1997 to 1999. She also
served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San
Francisco from 2004 to 2010.
Dr. Yellen is a member of both the Council on Foreign Relations and the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences. She has served as President of the Western Economic
Association, Vice President of the American Economic Association and a Fellow of the
Yale Corporation.
Dr. Yellen graduated summa cum laude from Brown University with a degree in
economics in 1967, and received her Ph.D. in economics from Yale University in 1971.
She received the Wilbur Cross Medal from Yale in 1997, an honorary doctor of laws
degree from Brown in 1998, and an honorary doctor of humane letters from Bard College
in 2000.
An Assistant Professor at Harvard University from 1971 to 1976, Dr. Yellen served as an
Economist with the Federal Reserve's Board of Governors in 1977 and 1978, and on the
faculty of the London School of Economics and Political Science from 1978 to 1980.
Dr. Yellen has written on a wide variety of macroeconomic issues, while specializing in
the causes, mechanisms, and implications of unemployment.
Juan C. Zarate
Senior Adviser, Transnational Threats Project and Homeland Security and
Counterterrorism Program
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Juan Zarate is a Senior Adviser at CSIS, the Senior National Security Analyst for CBS
News, a visiting lecturer at the Harvard Law School, and a national security and financial
integrity consultant. Mr. Zarate served as Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy
National Security Adviser for Combating Terrorism from 2005 to 2009 and was
responsible for developing and implementing the U.S. government’s counterterrorism
strategy and policies related to transnational security threats. He was the first ever
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for terrorist financing and financial crimes, where he
led domestic and international efforts to attack terrorist financing, the innovative use of
the Treasury Department’s national security–related powers, and the global hunt for
Saddam Hussein’s assets. He is also a former federal prosecutor who served on terrorism
prosecution teams prior to 9/11, including the investigation of the USS Cole attack.
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Mr. Zarate is the author of the recently published Treasury’s War: The Unleashing of a
New Era of Financial Warfare (PublicAffairs, 2013), Forging Democracy (University
Press of America,1994), and a variety of articles in the New York Times, Washington
Post, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Washington Quarterly, and other
publications. He has his own weekly national security program on CBSNews.com called
Flash Points. He is a graduate of both Harvard College and Harvard Law School and a
former Rotary International Fellow (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain). Mr. Zarate sits
on several boards of advisers, including for the Director of the National Counterterrorism
Center (NCTC) and HSBC’s Financial Services Vulnerabilities Committee.