spatial citizenship
DESCRIPTION
A definition of Spatial Citizenship and components of geographyTRANSCRIPT
Where does Geography stand?
Education for Spatial Citizenship
Karl Donert, President, EUROGEO National Teaching Fellow
Liverpool Hope University, UK
Three questions (and bylines)
1. What is citizenship about? (How do we become citizens?)
2. Spatial citizenship, responsible citizens? (Citizenship and learning)
3. What is spatial about Citizenship? (Where does Geography stand?)
Education for Spatial Citizenship
How do we become citizens?
Education for Spatial Citizenship: where does
Geography stand?
What is citizenship about?
Citizenship: meanings (EC, 2003) Citizenship is said to consist of two aspects: 1. “Until recently, the concept of citizenship has been
more commonly understood in rather static and institutionally dominated terms: being a citizen was primarily a question of the legalities of entitlements and their political expression in democratic policies.”
European Commission (2003), Learning for Active Citizenship, http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/citizen/citiz-en.html, accessed 3/12/2008
2. “…. learning to live positively with difference and diversity is becoming a core dimension of the practice of citizenship in Europe. It equally means that the concept of citizenship itself is shifting to a broader based notion, in which legal and social rights and entitlements continue to furnish an essential element, but in which negotiated and culturally-based understandings of citizenship are becoming more prominent.”
European Commission (2003), Learning for Active Citizenship, http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/citizen/citiz-en.html, accessed 3/12/2008
Citizenship: meanings (EC, 2003)
http://www.teachingcitizenship.org.uk
empowerment engagement
participation
http://www.teachingcitizenship.org.uk
Social constructionism • SC is an approach that emphasises the
creative activity of individuals and groups • Cultural citizenship and identity, stress
the process of spreading certain values and constructing more suitable institutions
• Constructing our citizenship
Juan M. Delgado-Moreira, 1997, Social constructionism, Electronic Journal of Sociology, 2 (3), http://www.sociology.org/vol002.003/delgado-moreira.article.1997.html, accessed 3/12/2008
Some social constructionist values • "Unity in diversity" ….. tolerance ... • Promote the idea of identity BUT ALSO • Richness of cultural diversity • Belonging to (being part of) a wider whole (Fatih,
Istanbul, Turkish, Asian / European) • Developed through cultural actions i.e. activities
demonstrating aspects of culture • Selection of identity through our sense of place • … through our history and our geography
Juan M. Delgado-Moreira, 1997 Electronic Journal of Sociology, 2 (3), http://www.sociology.org/vol002.003/delgado-moreira.article.1997.html, accessed 3/12/2008
Becoming a citizen More questions than answers • Acquired or are we born with it? • Is there a process to becoming a citizen? • Is it active or passive? • What are the stages involved? • We should be asking what role(s) does /
can geographical education play?
Citizenship and Learning
Spatial citizenship and responsible citizens?
Education for Spatial Citizenship: where does
Geography stand?
12
Spatial Citizenship (Gryl, Jekel and Donert, 2010) Derives from the need for: • improved spatial thinking and acquisition of
spatial competences (Paasi, 1986) Our concerns for: • the social appropriation of space (Werlen 1995)
• representations of space (Lefebvre, 1993)
• media-rich society (Schlottmann & Miggelbrink 2009)
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K, Koller A and Vogler R, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
Spatial Citizenship
Spatial Citizenship • Concerned with appropriation (ownership) of
space (Werlen 1993, Paasi 1986)
• Importance of spatial representations in the social production of space
• Attaching meaning to space - either acceptance of existing meaning - or changing / re-interpreting meaning
Paasi, A. (1996) Territories, Boundaries and Consciousness. The Changing Geographies of the Finnish Russian Border. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Werlen, B. (1993), Society, Action, Space, An Alternative Human Geography, London, Routledge
reflected or mutual appropriation
of space
Spatial Citizenship
Negotiation process: • Communication of alternative meanings –
counter maps (Turnbull, 1998; Crampton, 2009) • Deconstruction of meaning in geomedia
(Harley, 2001; Gregory, 1994)
• Taking control – gaining power
• Transformative – participative – making a difference Crampton, J. W. (2009). Cartography: maps 2.0. In: Progress in Human Geography, 33, 2, pp. 99-100. Gregory, D. (1994), Geographical Imaginations. Cambridge: Blackwell Harley, J. B. (2001), Deconstructing the Map. In: Harley, J. B. und Laxton, P. (Hrsg., 2001): The New Nature of Maps. Essays in the History of Cartography. Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press, S. 422-443 Turnbull, D. 1998. Mapping Encounters and (En)Countering Maps: A Critical Examination of Cartographic Resistance. Knowledge and Society 11:15-44
reflected or mutual appropriation
of space
Spatial Citizenship
15
The Spatial Citizen
(based on Strobl 2008:134)
Strobl, J. (04.07.2008) Geospatial Qualifications: Schools, Citizens and Professionals. Vortrag: GI-Forum 2008 (Salzburg University, Z_GIS Centre for Geoinformatics), Salzburg/AUSTRIA.
16
• “A Spatial Citizen ….. should be able to interpret and critically reflect on spatial representations, communicate with the aid of maps and other spatial representations, and … express location-specific opinions using geo-media.
• Spatial Communication …. should therefore be a main target for primary and secondary education.”
Spatial citizenship (Gryl, Jekel and Donert, 2010)
Spatial Citizenship
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K, Koller A and Vogler R, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
17
Spatial citizenship “connects …. citizenship education with a mature appreciation of space and critical geoinformation …..
Specific strategies need to be developed …. that go beyond technical competences widely reproduced in many curricula.”
Spatial citizenship (Gryl, Jekel and Donert, 2010)
Spatial Citizenship
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K, Koller A and Vogler R, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
18
Learners • “….. need to deconstruct meanings of space in
their chosen geomedia …... • ….. re-construct and communicate their own
world views…..”
Spatial citizenship (Gryl, Jekel and Donert, 2010)
Spatial Citizenship
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K, Koller A and Vogler R, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
Community perspectives
<http
://m
ap.je
na.d
e/st
plan
/sta
dtpl
an/s
tart.
php>
Activity spaces
21
1. Constructivist – learners actively construct their citizenship – stresses active participation and interaction
2. Intercultural – diversity – in ideas, values and behaviours
3. Built on dialogue – negotiation - the appropriation of space – empowerment - participate in the debate about the kind of future
society we need to create
4. Technological – geoinformation and the citizen
Four SC features (Donert, 2008)
Donert K (2008), Examining the relationship between Citizenship and Geography Education, 73-92, in Lambrinos N and Reliou M (Eds.), European Geography Education: the challenges of a new era, Arlington, W Virginia, National Council for Geographic Education
Spatial Citizenship
Where does Geography stand?
What is Spatial about Citizenship?
Education for Spatial Citizenship
Integrating Citizenship in the learning process (Matache and Donert, 2002)
• gather, sort and sift information • share and collaborate • reflection in appropriate learning situations • search for knowledge and understanding • critical opinions and ideas develop • communicate to express views with others • promote actions of responsible citizens
Matache M and Donert K (2002), Environmental Education in Europe, Proc. 3rd European Conference E-COMM-LINE 2002, Bucharest, September 26-27, 2002
DEGREE of Active Spatial
Citizenship
Enquiry Skills
ICT and Citizenship
24
Competences and spatial citizenship
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K, Koller A and Vogler R, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
Spatial Citizenship
Deconstruct imagery, media and maps
Spatial Citizenship
Deconstruct imagery, media and maps
Deconstruct imagery, media and maps
Deconstruct imagery, media and maps
SC competences • to KNOW about the construction of geomedia • to RECOGNISE the construction of certain geomedia • to COMPARE the perspective of certain geomedia with
external information and previous knowledge • to IDENTIFY the intentionality of the use of geomedia in
discourses, by reflection from multiple perspectives with the help of DECONSTRUCTION
29 Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K and Koller A, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
30
Competences and spatial citizenship
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K and Koller A, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
SC competences • to FORMULATE alternative spatial scenarios • to NEGOTIATE alternative scenarios (with
respect to different interests in democratic decision making processes)
• to COMMUNICATE alternative meanings with geomedia
31 Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K and Koller A, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
32
Competences and spatial citizenship
Donert K, Gryl I and Jekel T (2010), GI & Spatial Citizenship, In Jekel T, Donert K, Koller A and Vogler R, Learning with GeoInformation V, Berlin, Wichman Verlag
Spatial Citizenship
• ICT offers valuable geo-tools for spatial citizens – technology provides potent tools, solutions to
complex problems, global communication – empowerment in learning to excite and fascinate us
• teachers act as gatekeepers • In education
– need sound pedagogy and good classroom practice – must be used to enhance learning processes
ICT and Spatial Citizenship?
ICT and Citizenship
ICT and Citizenship ICT and Spatial Citizenship
What do young people identify with?
how to get more active engagement in society?
• Graffiti – gangs - tribes • Computer games – simulations
Citizenship and Youth Culture
• music, skateboards and mobile phones • WWW, television and ….. ?
Citizenship and Youth Culture
Image of being a citizen • research suggests most young people develop their
images through three main channels: – public opinion and mass culture – the individual from his/her direct experiences – information presented by education, scientific
institutions and teachers
Who has the responsibility? Where does the burden lie?
Learning and Spatial Citizenship • teacher provides tools for learning and
approaches for knowledge creation • spatial communication provides opportunities
to express and share ideas with others • students in control of their own approach to
SC • students relate ideas to their own experiences
and establish their own needs
Glacial Retreat Project (2008-9)
Formal and informal presentation modes
Participative GIS
Participative framework
Participative user interfaces
• “….. is about enriching lives by considering the wonders of our world, its environments and its peoples …..
• with an emphasis on transformative learning …….
• to establish a more holistic personal view.”
Donert K (2008), Examining the relationship between Citizenship and Geography Education, 73-92, in Lambrinos N and Reliou M (Eds.), European Geography Education: the challenges of a new era, Arlington, W Virginia, National Council for Geographic Education
Education for Spatial Citizenship
Education for Spatial Citizenship
Conclusions
Education for Spatial Citizenship: where does
Geography stand?
Citizenship: a reality check for Geography • Council of Europe – Education for Democratic
Citizenship Project • History Unit – Social Studies • Where was/is Geography? • Same in most other contexts/agencies • Need to promote Education for Spatial Citizenship
for all
Conclusions (Spatial Citizenship conference track-Salzburg 2010)
• The present (future) is ‘spatial’ – geographic information is all around us
• Technology is (almost) ubiquitous – changing at an ever-increasing rate
• Spatial citizenship is happening (case studies) • Change in Education is blocked - teachers, teacher
education, curriculum etc.
Conclusions (Spatial Citizenship conference track-Salzburg 2010)
Everyone needs to be a spatial citizen • Q. How? A. Need to develop contexts for change • Q. Whose task? A. An important role for Geography/geographers • Q. Who? Which organisations? In Europe – EUROGEO - challenge to the IGU(-CGE)
and other organisations
Conclusions (Vallega, 2008) Three global processes concerning Geography 1. expanding interaction between local and
global systems…… a geography-relevant ontological dimension
of global change
Vallega A (2008), Ten Theses on IGU, Strategy and Actions, International Geographical Union Report 2004-2006, IGU, http://www.igu-net.org/uk/documents_download/INFORME%20UGI%2004-08.pdf
Conclusions (Vallega, 2008) 2. global networks in research and education -
global visions and representations of the Earth and the world - disseminating those visions and representations throughout the human community
…… a cultural dimension of global change
Vallega A (2008), Ten Theses on IGU, Strategy and Actions, International Geographical Union Report 2004-2006, IGU, http://www.igu-net.org/uk/documents_download/INFORME%20UGI%2004-08.pdf
Conclusions (Vallega, 2008) 3. global information and communications
technologies have improved markedly - global village - tracing a plurality of dividing lines within it……..
the technical dimension of global change
Vallega A (2008), Ten Theses on IGU, Strategy and Actions, International Geographical Union Report 2004-2006, IGU, http://www.igu-net.org/uk/documents_download/INFORME%20UGI%2004-08.pdf
Conclusions (Vallega, 2008) Geographers need to: • be much more effective in today’s globalised
scientific world • increase their willingness and flexibility to
communicate externally • expand dialogue and host discussions and
initiatives from the entire geographic community.
Vallega A (2008), Ten Theses on IGU, Strategy and Actions, International Geographical Union Report 2004-2006, IGU, http://www.igu-net.org/uk/documents_download/INFORME%20UGI%2004-08.pdf
Education for Spatial Citizenship
offers us a vehicle to do this
Conclusion