Spatial Analysis Using Spatial Analysis Using Content Analysis DataContent Analysis Data

Space as a Social DimensionSpace as a Social Dimension

Where do things happen?Where do things happen?

What is the spatial distribution of the data?What is the spatial distribution of the data?

What is associated with this pattern?What is associated with this pattern?

Is the spatial pattern stable or changing?Is the spatial pattern stable or changing?

What meanings do spaces and places have?What meanings do spaces and places have?

Are there patterns of movement in the data?Are there patterns of movement in the data?

Basic Kinds of Spatial PatternsBasic Kinds of Spatial Patterns

Spatial effect=spatial clustering that is Spatial effect=spatial clustering that is

NOT due to some other variablesNOT due to some other variables

Diffusion or contagion=spatial pattern that Diffusion or contagion=spatial pattern that

expands over timeexpands over time

Spillover effect=spatial pattern that affects Spillover effect=spatial pattern that affects

neighbors, but is stable over timeneighbors, but is stable over time

Diffusion PatternDiffusion Pattern

http://www.atosorigin.com/NR/rdonlyres/773BC9B7-FF16-42DA-80BC-F3A03F037254/0/info_diffusion_diagram.gif

Diffusion Over TimeDiffusion Over Time

Spillover Effect VisualizedSpillover Effect Visualized

Graph ofGraph ofSpilloverSpillover

EffectEffect

Basic Spatial Measures in DataBasic Spatial Measures in Data

Names of places in the dataNames of places in the data

Places where events occurredPlaces where events occurred

Names of TYPES of places in the dataNames of TYPES of places in the data

Descriptions of places with meaningsDescriptions of places with meanings

Reports of spatial moves in the dataReports of spatial moves in the data

What to Do with Spatial DataWhat to Do with Spatial Data

Look for simple frequencies of occurrenceLook for simple frequencies of occurrence Scale up or down to see patternsScale up or down to see patterns Look for patterns of relation to placesLook for patterns of relation to places Plot or graph the data over timePlot or graph the data over time

time variabletime variable space or location variablespace or location variable

Regressions using a spatial variableRegressions using a spatial variable Many methods used in other disciplinesMany methods used in other disciplines

Maps and MappingMaps and Mapping

Simple mapping onto a graphic of a mapSimple mapping onto a graphic of a map Excell mapping—now uses XML mapsExcell mapping—now uses XML maps SPSS Maps is a separate module ($$$)SPSS Maps is a separate module ($$$) The Queen of spatial analysis is GISThe Queen of spatial analysis is GIS

ArcSoft software available at UHArcSoft software available at UH Requires standard map coordinatesRequires standard map coordinates Old method—use an Army map that has themOld method—use an Army map that has them Now can get them from Google Earth!Now can get them from Google Earth!