spanish iii final 2014

8/12/2019 Spanish III Final 2014

1/19

Spanish Midterm 2014

ArticlesThe: el/ella, los/las

A, An: Un/Una, Unos/Unas -Use Them: 1. Before Titles (Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor) [DO NOT use them whenspeaking directly to them] 2. Before languages/ nationalities [DO NOT use them after verbs likeHabra and Escribir 3. Before days of the week [DO NOT use them after ser] 4. Before Professions [DO NOT use them after ser] 5. Before generalizations 6. Before parts of the body

Common Masculine and Feminine Endings

Masculine Feminine

-o -a

-l -z

-ma -ora

-or -dad

-s -in

Present Tense

-AR -ER -IR

-o -amos -o -emos -o -imos

-as -es -es

-a -an -e -en -e -en


2/19

Present Tense Irregulars

o>ue e>ie e>i c>zc

acordarse (remember)almorzar (eat lunch)

apostar (bet)contar (count, relate)costar (cost)encontrar (find)llover (rain)morir (die)mover (move)poder (be able)probar (try, prove)recordar (remember)rogar (beg)

sonar (sound)soar (dream)volar (fly)acostar (put to bed)volver (return, go back)dormir (sleep)

advertir (notice)cerrar (close)

comenzar (begin)convertir (convert)despertar (awaken)divertir (amuse)empezar (begin)pensar (think)perder (lose)querer (want)sentir (feel)

conseguir (get)corregir (correct)

medir (measure)rer (laugh)servir (serve)seguir (follow)sonrer (smile)repetir (repeat)vestir (dress)

conducir (drive,conduct)

ofrecer (offer)producir(produce)reducir (reduce)traducir(translate)conocer (to know)

-go verbs u>ue

Caer (fall)

Traer (bring)Decir (say, tell)Hacer (to do, make)Poner (put)Salir (leave, go out)Tener (have)Valer (be worth)Venir (come)

Jugar (play)

Irregulars

Dar (give) doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan

Saber (to know) s, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabis, saben

Ver (see) veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven

Estar (to be) estoy, ests, est, estamos, estis, estn
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3/19

Irregulars

Ser (to be) soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son

Ir (to go) voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van

Conocer vs. SaberConocer: to know, and to be familiar with people or placesSaber: to know facts

Estar + Present Progressive

-Ar Verbs -ando

-Er/ -Ir Verbs -iendo

Irregulars/ Stem Changers

Decir Diciendo

Dormir Durmiendo

Mentir MintiendoMorir Muriendo

Pedir Pidiendo

Sentir Sintiendo

Sugerir Sugiriendo

Leer Leyendo

Construir ConstruyendoOr Oyendo

Traer Trayendo


4/19

Ser vs. Estar

Ser Estar

Nationality Location

Profession Health

Characteristics Physical States/ Conditions

Generalizations Emotions

Possession Weather

Time, Date, Season Present Progressive

Where/ When an even takes place Relationships

Ser vs. Estar Adjectives

Adjective Ser Estar

Aburrida Is boring Is bored

Listo Is smart Is ready

Rico Is rich Is delicious

Mala Is bad Is ill

Seguro Is safe Is sure

Verdes Is green Is not ripe

Vivo Is sharp Is living

Libre Is free Is available


5/19

Gustar vs. Encantar

Before the verb

Indirect Object Pronouns

Me --> to me Nos --> to us

Te --> to you

Le --> to him/her Les --> to them

Singular Subject: Gusta, EncantaPlural Subject: Gustan, Encantan

Verbs Similar to Gustar and Encantar

Aburrir (to bore) Caer bien/ mal (to get along with well/ badly)

Disgustir (to upset) Interesar (to interest)

Doler (to hurt/ ache) Molestar (to bother/ annoy)

Faltar (to lack/ to need) Preocupar (to worry)

Fascinar (to fascinate) Quedar (to be left over, to fit)

Hacer falta (to miss) Soprender (to surprise)

Importar (to be important to)

Reflexives

Pronouns:

Me --> Myself Nos --> Ourselves

Te --> Yourself

Se --> His/Herself Se --> Themselves


6/19

Common Reflexive Verbs

Reflexive Verbs Reflexive Verbs

Acostarse to go to bed Dormirse To fall asleep

Afeitarse to shave oneself Sentarse to sit (oneself) down

Cepillarse To brush (hair/teeth) Quejarse (de) To complain (about)

Aburrirse To get bored Acordarse (de) To remember

Baarse to take a bath Comerse To eat up

Vestirse To get dressed Acercarse (a) To approach

Despertarse to wake up Prepararse To get ready

Secarse to dry off (dry oneself) Arrepentirse (de) To regret

Ducharse to take a shower Atreverse (a) To dare (to)

Preocuparse (por) To worry (about) Convertirse (en) To become

Lavarse to wash up (wash oneself) Darse Cuenta (de) To realize

Levantarse to get up Reirse to laugh

Maquillarse To put on makeup Enterarse (de) To find out (about)

Ponerse to put on oneself Fijarse (en) To take notice (of)

Peinarse To comb (ones hair) Morirse (de) To die (of)

Quitarse to take off of oneself Olvidarse (de) To forget (about)

Sentirse to feel (emotion, illness) Soprenderse (de) To be surprised(about)

Irse (de) to get away/ leave (from) Cortarse (de) To cut

Mudarse To move (changeresidence)

Llevarse To carry away

Parecercarse (a) To resemble/ look alike


7/19

COMPLETE PRONOUN REVIEW

Subject Reflexive Direct Object Indirect Object

Yo Me (myself) Me (me) Me

T Te (yourself) Te (you) Te

Usted (Ud.) Se (yourself) Lo/ La Le

l Se (himself) Lo (him) Le

Ella Se (herself) La (her) Le

Nosotros/as Nos (ourselves) Nos (us) Nos

Ustedes (Uds.) Se (yalls selves) Les

Ellos Se (themselves) Los (them) Les

Ellas Se (themselves) Las (them) Les

Kirsten bakessugar cookiesforme.

For Direct ObjectPronouns, Askyourself:

What/ Who

Kirsten bakessugar cookies forme.

For Indirect ObjectPronouns, Askyourself:

To/ For Whom

Pronoun Placement Rules:1. They MUST be attached to the end of any positive command2. They may be attached at the end of an infinitive or present participle3. In all other cases, the pronoun ALWAYS goes directly before the conjugated verb4. Indirect Object Pronouns ALWAYS go before Direct Object Pronouns5. When you have an indirect and direct object pronoun, change the IDO from Se to Le


8/19

Past Tense

Preterite

-AR -ER -IR

amos imos imos

aste iste iste

aron i ieron i ieron

Irregulars

Ser/ Ir Dar Ver

Fui Fuimos Di Dimos Vi Vimos

Fuiste Diste Viste

Fue Fueron Dio Dieron Vio Vieron

-gar > -gu (i.e. llegar) -car > -qu (i.e. Buscar) -zar > -c (i.e. empezar)

llegu llegamos busqu buscamos empec empezamos

llegaste buscaste empezaste

lleg llegaron busc buscaron empez empezaron

Third Person Singular and Plural Irregulars

Leer Or Similar Verbs

le lemos o omos concluir, creer,

leste oste Incluir, caer,

ley leyeron oy oyeron And construir


9/19

Preterite (cont.)

Infinitive Root Endings

Andar Anduv- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Caber Cup- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Estar Estuv- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Hacer Hic- e, iste, *zo, imos, ieron

Poder Pud- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Poner Pus- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Querer Quis- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Saber Sup- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Tener Tuv- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Venir Vin- e, iste, o, imos, ieron

Decir Dij- e, iste, o, imos, eron

Traer Traj- e, iste, o, imos, eron

**In the preterite, only -IR verbs stem change in the third person singular and thirdperson plural (l/ ella, ellos/ellas)


10/19

Imperfect

-AR -ER -IR

aba abamos a amos a amos

abas as as

aba aban a an a an

Irregulars

Ir Ser Ver

iba ibamos era eramos vea veamos

ibas eras veas

iba iban era eran vea vean

Preterite VS. Imperfect

Dual MeaningInfinitive

PreteriteConjugation

PreteriteMeaning

ImperfectConjugation

ImperfectMeaning

Saber supe I found out saba I knew

Tener tuve I got tena I had

Conocer conoc I met conoca I knew

Poder pude I managed poda I was able to

Querer quise I tried quera I wanted

Imperfect:- focus on the middle of the action- was eating, was running (present

progressive)- memories- background info- todos los sabados (habitual actions)- time, age, weather, emotions- used to- incomplete actions

Preterite:- I ran I played (completed

actions)- Focuses on something that is

finished- Focuses on the beginning/ end of an

action in the past


11/19

Familiar Commands

Positive t Commands Conjugate to the t (present tense) Drop the -s

EX. Talk! = Hablas! = Habla!

Irregulars

Infinitive Irregular

Venir Ven

Decir Di

Salir Sal

Hacer HazTener Ten

Ir Ve

Poner Pon

Ser Se

Negative t CommandsConjugate to the yo (present tense)

Drop the -o Add the opposite t endingEX. Dont Walk! = No Ando! = No Andes!

-AR -es

-ER/ -IR -as

REMEMBER:Vin Diesel has ten weapons.(Ven) (Di)(Sal) (Haz) (Ten) (Ve)(Pon)(Se)


12/19

Negative t Commands: Irregulars

Irregulars (SIDES)

S Ser No seas

I Ir No vayas

D Dar No des

E Estar No ests

S Saber No sepas

Formal CommandsPositive and Negative Ud./ Uds. Commands Go to the yo (present tense) Drop the -o Add the opposite Ud./Uds. EndingEX. (Dont) Leave! = (No) Salgo! = (No) Salga! / (No) Salgan!

Positive and Negative Irregulars

Ir (No) Vaya (No) Vayan

Ser (No) Sea (No) Sean

Estar (No) Est (No) Esten

Dar (No) D (No) Den

Saber (No) Sepa (No) Sepan


13/19

Para

Para Example

Destination (toward; in the direction of) El cirujano sale de su casapara la clinica a lasocho.

The surgeon leaves his house at eight to go tothe clinic.

Deadline or specific time in the future (by; for) El resultado del analisis va a estar listoparamanana.

The results of the analysis will be ready bytomorrow.

Purpose or goal + [infinitive] (in order to) El doctor uso un termometroparaver is elnino tenia fiebre.

The doctor used a thermometer to see if the boyhad a fever.

Purpose + [noun] (for; used for) El investigador descubrio una curaparalaenfermedad.

The researcher discovered a cure for the illness.

Recipient (for) La enfermera preparo la camaparaAngela.

The nurse prepared the bed for Angela.

Comparison with others or opinion (for;

considering)

Parami, lo que tienes es gripe y no un

resfriado.To me, what you have is the flu, not a cold.

Employment (for) Mi hijo trabajaparauna empresafarmaceutica.

My son works for a pharmaceutical company.

Common Pa a Expressions

No estar parabromas

To be in no mood forjokes

Para que sepas Just so you know

No ser para tanto To be not so important Para siempre Forever

Para Colombo To top it all off


14/19

Por

Por Example

Motion or a general location (along;through; around; by)

Me quebre la pierna corriendo porel parquet.

I broke my leg running through the park.

Duration of an action (for; during; in) Estuvo en cama pordos meses.

He was in bed for two months.

Reason or motive for an action (Becauseof; on account of; on behalf of)

Rezo por us hijo enfermo.

She prayed for her sick child.

Object of a search (for; in search of) El enfermero fue por un termometro.

The nurse went for a thermometer.

Means by which (by; by way of; by means

of)

Consulte con el doctor por telefono.

I consulted with the doctor by telephone.

Exchange or substitution (for; inexchange for)

Cambiamos ese tratamiento por uno nuevo.

We changed from that treatment to a new one.

Unit of measure (per; by) Tengo que tomar las pastillas cinco veces pro dia.

I have to take the pills five times a day.

Agent (passive voice) (by) La nueva politica de salud publica fue anunciada por laprensa.

The new public health policy was announced by the press.

Common Por Expressions

Por ahora For the time being Por lo menos At least

Por alli/ aqui Around there/ here Por lo tanto Therefore

Por casualidad By chance/ accident Por lo visto Apparently

Por cierto Of course; by the way Por ams/mucho que No matter how much

Por ejemplo For example Por otro lado/ otra parte On the other hand

Por eso Therefore; for that reason Por primero vez For the first time

Por fin Finally Por si acaso Just in case

Por lo general In general Por supuesto Of course


15/19

The Conditional Tense

AN IDEA OF WHAT COULD/ SHOULD HAPPEN

-ar/-er/-ir endings

a amos

as

a an

Infinitive Stem Conjugation

Caber cabr- cabra, cabras, cabra, cabramos, cabran

Haber habr- Habra, habras, habra, habramos, habran

Poder Podr- podra, podras, podra, podramos, podran

querer Querr- querra, querras, querra, querramos, querran

Saber Sabr- Sabra, sabras, sabra, sabramos, sabran

Poner Pond- pondra, pondras, pondra, pondramos, pondran

salir sald- saldra, saldras, saldra, saldramos, saldran

Tener Tendr- tendra, tendras, tendra, tendramos, tendran

Valer valdr- valdra, valdras, valdra, valdramos, valdran

Venir Vendr- vendra, vendras, vendra, vendramos, vendran

Decir Dir- Dira, diras, dira, diramos, diran

Hacer Har- Hara, haras, hara, haramos, harn


16/19

The Future Tense

WILL HAPPEN

Infinitive + Endings

-ar/-er/-ir endings

emos

s

n

Irregulars

Infinitive Stem Conjugation

Caber cabr- cabr, cabrs, cabr, cabremos, cabrn

Haber habr- Habr, habrs, habr, habremos, habrn

Poder Podr- podr, podrs, podr, podremos, podrn

querer Querr- querr, querrs, querr, querremos, querrn

Saber Sabr- Sabr, sabrs, sabr, sabremos, sabrn

Poner Pond- pondr, pondrs, pondr, pondremos, pondrn

salir sald- saldr, saldrs, saldr, saldremos, saldrn

Tener Tendr- tendr, tendrs, tendr, tendremos, tendrn

Valer valdr- valdr, valdrs, valdr, valdremos, valdrn

Venir Vendr- vendr, vendrs, vendr, vendremos, vendrn

Decir Dir- Dir, dirs, dir, diremos, dirn

Hacer Har- Har, hars, har, haremos, harn


17/19

Compatitives/ Superlatives

Mas/Menos + [adjective/adverb/ noun] + QueOR

[Verb] + Mas/Menos Que.

Before a number (money, time, age) use Mas de

Tan + [adjective/ adverb] + comoOR

Tanto/a(s) + [noun] + comoOR

[Verb] + tanto como

El/La/Los/Las + [Noun] + mas/menos + [afjective] +de

Adje tive Comparative Form Superla ive form

Bueno/a Good Mejor Better El/La Mejor Best

Malo/a Bad Peor Worse El/La Peor Worst

Grande Big Mayor Bigger El/La Mayor Biggest

Pequeno Small Menor Smaller El/La Menor Smallest

Joven Young Menor Younger El/La Menor Youngest

Viejo/a Old Mayor Older El/La Mayor Oldest


18/19

Subjunctive- Something uncertain; has not happened yetMain Clause + connector + Subordinate Clause

Conjugations

1. Start with theyoform of the present indicative.2. Then drop the -oending.3. Finally, add the following endings:

-ar verbs:-e, -es, -e, -emos, -en

-er and -ir verbs:-a, -as, -a, -amos, -an

IRREGULARS

Dar- to givede, des, de, demos, den

Ir - to go Vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan

Saber - to know Sepa, sepas, sepa, spams, sepan

Ser - to be Sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean

Estar- to be

est, ests, est, estemos estn

Negative And Positive Expressions

Positive xpressions Negative Expressions

Algo Something;anything

Nada Nothing; not anything

Alguien Someone;Somebody; Anyone

Nadie No one; Nobody; NotAnyone

Alguno/a(s), Algun Some; Any Ninguno/a, Ningun No; No one; Not Any

O...o Either... or Nini Neither nor

Siempre Always Nunca, jamas Never; not ever

Tambien Also; too Tampoco Neither; not either


19/19

Prepositions

A

To, At, For, Upon, Within, Of, From, By

Introduces Indirect Objects

Can be used in Commands

Personal a for people, pets, alguien, nadie, and alguno"

Hacia

Toward, Approximately, Around, About, To

Con

With

Con+[Noun]

Conmigo= with me; Contigo= with you; Consigo= with him/her/ them (el/la/ellos/

ellas/ Ud./ Uds.)

spanish iii final 2014

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