spanish business and entrepreneurship
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Spanish Business and Entrepreneuship
Francisco Diaz BretonesUniversity of Granada
(Spain)[email protected] Business and
Entrepreneurship
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Bretones, F. D. (2001). Spanish business and entrepreneurship. Pan American Days 2001.April 16–20, 2001. Edimburg TX. University of Texas at Edimburg.
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
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European enterprises
UE-15: 18,444,000Italy: 3,798,000U.K.: 3,313,000Germany: 3,261,000Spain: 2,402,000France: 2,322,000
Greece: 733,000Portugal: 642,000Belgium: 518,000Netherland: 516,000Austria: 243,000Sweden: 243,000Finland: 194,000Denmark: 164,000Ireland: 76,000Luxembourg: 19,000
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship
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Creation of enterpries (per year)
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Enterprises
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Spanish enterprises profile
Without workers: 54.60%1-2 workers: 25.66%3-5 workers: 9.50%6-9 workers: 4.18%10-19 workers: 3.28%More than 20 workers: 2.76%
(INE, 2000)
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Spanish entrepreneur´s motivation
Economic opportunities (62.8%).
Personal factors (25.5%).
Profesional development (11.7%).
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Economic problems
- Taxes.
- Inflation.
- Banks rates.
- Appropriate personnel's readiness.
- Transports.
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Financing
Europe USA Spain
Other fund 27.36% 29.47% 21.03%
Banks 19.84% 18.38% 15.55%
Other 7.52% 11.09% 5.48%
Owner Fund 72.64% 70.53% 78.97%
Family 1.05% 0.88% 2.36%
Savings 71.59% 69.65% 76.61%
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Personal factors
Educational level.Age.Personal values.
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Personal factors: educational level
Labor aspirations and level of education.
Other psychological dimensions.
Level of the entreprenuers' education and the size of the company.
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Personal factors: age
From 21 to 25 years: 87%,
More than 35 years old: 67%
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Personal factors: values
Willful, energetic, resolved, tenacious, logical, rational, methodical, rigorous, demanding and nice brave, motivated.
The initiative, the responsibility and the professional profile.
Innovative spirit, Capacity to coordinate and assume risks.
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Personal factors:psychological dimensionsn Achievment.
Locus of Control.
Propensity to Risk.
Attitudes.Spanish Business and
Entrepreneurship
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Professional development
Unemployment.
Professional experience.
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Professional development: unemployment
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
UnemploymentNew enterprises
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Professional development:experience
Rural areas Urban areas
Experience(years)
5.54 5.38
Firstemployment(age)
18.60 18.43
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Professional development:experience
Men Women
Experience(years)
6.89 1.70
Firstemployment(age)
17.16 22.33
Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship