spanish art. 1- intro; prehistory
TRANSCRIPT
“The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with
others”
“The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with
others”
ART?
“The quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of
more than ordinary significance”
“The quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of
more than ordinary significance”
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination
There is no single definition of art
Is this art?
And in 10,000 years ahead?
ART has not always been what we think it is today
These objects may have been appreciated and often admired, but not as "art" in the current sense
These objects may have been appreciated and often admired, but not as "art" in the current sense
The idea of an object being a "work of art" emerges, together with the concept of the Artist, during the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries in Italy.
The idea of an object being a "work of art" emerges, together with the concept of the Artist, during the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries in Italy.
The first manifestation of Hispanic Art
PALEOLITHIC ART
Paleo (Greek) = OldLithic (Greek) = Stone
Paleolithic = Old Stone Age
40,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE in Near East40,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE in Europe
Evidence of the beginning of abstract thought
CAVE ART
CAVE ART THEORIES
Used to ensure a successful hunt?
Ancestral animal worship?
Shamanism? A religion based on the idea that forces of nature can be controlled by a highly regarded religious figure called a shaman
Animals represented are not always the animals they used to hunt…Animals represented are not always the animals they used to hunt…
A successful hunt (sympathetic magic)?A successful hunt (sympathetic magic)?
Animal worship?Animal worship?
Shamanism?Shamanism?
Caves were not dwellingsPrehistoric people lived migratory lives following herds of animals
CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS
Paintings are inhard to reach places
CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS
Continually paint in the same areas, even over long periods of time;
paint over pre-existing images
CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS
CAVE ART
Technics:
Engraving
Paint (one, two or several colors)
Relief (sometimes using the rock itself)
between 11,000 and 19,000 years ago
CANTABRIA
Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola
"¡ Papá, mira, toros pintados¡“(“look daddy, painted bulls!”)
María de Sautuola
Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola
Emille Cartailhac
FORGERY?
“Mea culpa d'un sceptique”“Mea culpa d'un sceptique”
THE CAVE
THE CAVE
270 meters long
Polychrome Ceiling
THE CAVE
Animals at the Polychrome Ceiling
BISON
HORSE
WILD BOAR
GOAT
DOE
THE CAVE
Animals at the Polychrome Ceiling
THE CAVE
Use of
THE CAVE
TECHNIQUEHow did they paint?
TECHNIQUE
Engraving
Drawing
TECHNIQUE
And then, painting
TECHNIQUE
What did they used to paint?
TECHNIQUE
The Venturi effect
TECHNIQUE
PORTABLE ART
Decoration on some utilitarian objects.
Objects used in rituals
MESOLITHIC-NEOLITHIC
In “open” places (rock shelters, not deep in caves anymore) No glacial fauna = no Paleolithic
Three types of styles: Levantine Schematic Macro schematic
10,000 BCE – 1,000 BC
LEVANTINE ART
• Importance of the human figure.
• Representation of clothes, genitals (phallic representations) and weapons (arrows, sticks, quivers, etc.).
• Animals depicted are identifiable as belonging to species we can see in the present day (deer, goat, dog, cattle).
LEVANTINE ART Importance of the human figure
•Frequently the main theme, and when it appears in the same scene as animals, the human figure runs towards them.
•People performing other activities typical of their time such as: hunting, fighting, carrying out agricultural tasks, domestication of animals, gathering honey
SCHEMATIC ART
SCHEMATIC ART
• Associated with the first metallurgical cultures
• Only the basic fragments of each figure are represented
• Very simple and stylized figures
• Monochromatic (red ochre)
SCHEMATIC ART
SCHEMATIC ART
Basically paintings but engravings and pottery too
TECHNIQUE
MACRO SCHEMATIC ART
Big paintings in rock shelters
Wide lines
Use of dark red
Human figures and geometric symbols
Probably the oldest
NEOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE
From hundreds of thousands of years, humans lived following herds of animals
Agriculture changed everything = sedentism, sedentariness houses
Neolithic funerary rites MEGALITHS mega=big lithos=stone Places of worship were built to last!
MENHIR
simple
Vertical
Unknown rituals?
(Menhir Cantabria)
DOLMEN
Group tomb made up of huge stones
CROMLECH
A circle of megaliths with lintels placed on top