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Gathering Informationabout the Aztec Worldview
WHAT YOU WILL NEED:- 6 PIECES OF L INE PAPER- INCLUDE A TITLE AZTEC WORLDVIEW RETRIEVAL CHARTS .- CREATE A T-CHART WITH TWO COLUMNS.- LABEL ONE SIDE KEY ELEMENTS OF AZTEC LIFE AND THE
OTHER EVIDENCE TO PROVE IT ’S A KEY ELEMENT.- YOU WILL CREATE 12 CHARTS IN TOTAL LABEL THEM:
1. GEOGRAPHY 2. RELIGION 3. TIME 4. EXPANDING THOUGH TRADE AND WAR 5. HIERARCHY 6. EDUCATION 7. CITIZENSHIP 8. LAWS 9. WEALTH 10. CORTEZ 11. MILITARY STRATEGY AND WEAPONS 12. DISEASE
Example: – Aztec Worldview Retrieval Charts
Format your charts
like this!
It will be the easiest
to use when
completing your
Assignment!
1. Geography 2. Religion 3. Time
4. Expanding through trade and war 5. Hierarchy 6. Education
7. Citizenship 8. Laws 9. Wealth
10. Cortez 11. Military strategy and weapons
12. Disease
IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL INVESTIGATE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
IN WHAT WAYS D ID INTERCULTURAL CONTACT BETWEEN THE AZTECS AND THE SPANISH AFFECT EACH SOCIET IES WORLDVIEW?
DID THE IR D I FFERENT WORLDVIEWS MEAN THAT CONFL ICT WAS INEVI TABLE BETWEEN THE AZTECS AND THE SPANISH?
WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO THE DOMINANCE OF THE SPANISH OVER THE AZTECS?
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES PRESENT DAY MEXICO REFLECT THE EXPER IENCE OF SPANISH-AZTEC CONTACT?
WHO WERE THE AZTECS???
NINETEENTH-CENTURY HISTORIANS CREATED
THE TERM AZTEC. THEY WERE REFERRING TO
THE CIVIL IZATION CREATED BY A NOMADIC
TRIBE THE MEXICA— DURING THE 15TH
CENTURY. AZTEC MAY BE DERIVED FROM
AZTLAN, THE PLACE FROM WHICH THE MEXICA
BELIEVE THEY SET OUT TO FIND THEIR NEW
HOME IN TENOCHTITLAN.
The Aztec’s Legendary TrekJournal Entries.
- THE TREK TO FIND THEIR PROMISED LAND HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE AZTEC WORLDVIEW.
- YOUR JOB IS TO PRETEND THAT YOU ARE AN AZTEC WHO IS ON THIS JOURNEY AND HAS KEPT A JOURNAL OF THEIR EXPERIENCES ALONG THEIR JOURNEY.
- RECREATE A JOURNAL ENTRY EXPLAINING HOW THEIR WORLDVIEW IS CHANGING IN REGARDS TO GEOGRAPHY, TIME, AND BELIEFS.
WHERE DID THE AZTECS LIVE???
When the Spanish arrived in 1519, the area of present-day Mexico was home to many
Indigenous groups.
CHAPTER 7: THE PEOPLE OF THE SUNIn what ways do a group’s collective beliefs and experiences contribute to shaping a unique identity?
WHAT WE WILL COVER
The Aztec’s Legendary Trek
The land and religious beliefs
The Power of the Mountains.
An Island Home
A Changing Geography
THE PEOPLE OF THE SUN
- For the Aztecs their
150 year trek to find their
new home land is
important to understand
the Aztec connection to
the land.
THE LAND AND RELIGION
The landscape was seen as both
physical and sacred.
Aztec’s believed that the mountains
brought them physically closer to God
Temples were built in the shape of
mountains.
God commanded them to come to this
place so they were determined to
survive there. Geography
THE POWER OF THE MOUNTAINS
The mountains has positive
and negative consequences:
It gave them security from
invaders.
However they were
vulnerable to flooding.
The Aztecs responded by
building dams and aqueducts.
Geography
AN ISLAND HOME
The Island also provided
safety.
The Aztecs built three
causeways to connect the
island to the mainland.
Causeways could be
destroyed in case of an
invasion.
Geography
CHANGING THE GEOGRAPHYThe Aztecs made
changes to the
physical geography
because they were
determined to
survive on the land.
One way that they
changed the land
way by Chinampas
CHANGING THE GEOGRAPHY
- The Aztecs determination to live on the island
forced them to change the physical geography by
creating Chinampa’s which were floating islands
that were like gardens.
AN ISLAND HOME
- Provided the Aztecs with security.
- Built causeways or bridges that to connect them to the mainland,
and could be destroyed in case of an invasion. ***Importance of
geography, as they adapted the land to make it more suitable****
Geography
Group Note-Taking Activity
PERSON 1:
USING PAGES 158 – 163 PEOPLE CREATE NOTES FOR THE KEY ELEMENTS TIME AND RELIGION GEOGRAPHY.PERSON.
PERSON 2:
USING PAGES 165 – 168 TWO PEOPLE CREATE NOTES FOR THE KEY ELEMENT –EXPANDING THROUGH TRADE AND WAR SHARE YOUR NOTES WITH YOUR GROUP. YOU SHOULD HAVE ABOUT 6 PIECES OF KEY INFORMATION.
WHAT WE WILL COVER
The Aztec’s Legendary Trek
The land and religious beliefs
The Power of the Mountains.
An Island Home
A Changing Geography
WHAT WE WILL COVER
Aztec Gods
Aztec Calendars
Human Sacrifice
The New Fire Ceremony
Being at the center of the
world
WHY IS RELIGION IMPORTANT TO AZTEC WORLDVIEW?
- Aztec religion impacts every part
of their life. They had many Gods
and believed that some Gods were
more powerful than others.
AZTEC GODS
In groups of 4 read about FOUR of the Aztec Gods on
page 159. As a group decide which God would you fear
the most and why.
Religion
AZTEC CALENDARSThe Aztec calendar emphasized the
close connection between gods and
human beings, between the sacred and
physical landscapes.
The Aztecs had two calendars the
solar and the sacred. The sacred
calendar was 260 days long. It took
the sacred calendar exactly 52 years
to “catch up” with the solar calendar.
The sacred calendar told how the
world began and how it will end.
Time
AZTEC CALENDARSTime
In the centre the Aztec calendar the god Tonatiuh has
his tongue out to show he awaiting sacrificial blood.
Aztecs believed that there were four eras before the
present one. Each had previously been destroyed.
HUMAN SACRIFICE
For the Aztecs, human sacrifice
had a deeply religious
significance.It was the strongest
expression of their devotion to the
gods, since they believed that the
victims actually fed the Gods.
Without it, the gods would grow
sick and die.
Religion
HUMAN SACRIFICE
One of the reasons war
was so important to the
Aztecs was becauseit gave
them the opportunity to
capture new victims for
sacrifice.Religion
AZTEC CEREMONIES
Occurred every 52 years then the
two calendars would catch up.
Aztec religion was evident through
the new fire ceremony.
Aztecs would fast, and let their fires
go out. Wait on their rooftops until the
fire was lit by Tenochtitlan and brought
a courier to relight their house fires.
Religion
or Time
TENOCHTITLAN AT THE CENTRE
- The Aztecs believed that the world was a round
and flat disc divided in to four sections.
- Their capital city Tenochtitlan was at the centre.
- They believed that they were in a special or
location in the universe.
Religion
TENOCHTITLAN AT THE CENTRE
Right in the middle of the
city was a large square,
which contained a number
of temples, including the
Great Temple. To the Aztecs,
Tenochtitlan was a model of
the world, with the Great Temple at the very centre.
ReligionOr Geography
TENOCHTITLAN AT THE CENTRE
Aztec priests sometimes built
temples on mountain- tops,
where they believed the physical and spiritual worlds met.
As an urban or city-dwelling
people, the Aztecs needed to
create sacred places inside their
cities.Religion
Or Geography
TENOCHTITLAN AT THE CENTRE
Temples were built in the shape
of a pyramid to resemble a
sacred mountain. The most
magnificent of these was the
Great Temple in Tenochtitlan,
the physical and spiritual
centre of the universe for the
Aztec people.ReligionOr Geography
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE
The Aztecs formed trade and
defense allies, The Aztecs took
great pride in these two aspects
of their character, the trader and
the warrior.
Trade and war were two
important ways that the Aztecs
expanded their empire.
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE
Merchants would often
travel with hundreds of
slaves to carry back
materials from the
expedition which could
take months at a time.Through Trade
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE
Merchants also acted as spies for
the Aztec army. They created
maps that detailed which cities
would be easily conquered. This
was key information for Aztec
leaders as they expanded their
Empire.
Through Trade
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE
As soon as a baby boy was born
his parents put a small bow and
shield in his hands showing his
commitment to his people.
The Aztecs had a law that made
every young man serve in the
army. Through War
EXPANDING THE EMPIRE
Aztecs profited from the
conquered groups by
collecting tributes in the
forms of gifts, taxes.
The Aztecs kept good
records of what they
received. Through War
Group Note-Taking Activity
PERSON 1:
USING PAGES 158 – 163 PEOPLE CREATE NOTES FOR THE KEY ELEMENTS TIME AND RELIGION GEOGRAPHY.PERSON.
PERSON 2:
USING PAGES 165 – 168 TWO PEOPLE CREATE NOTES FOR THE KEY ELEMENT –EXPANDING THROUGH TRADE AND WAR SHARE YOUR NOTES WITH YOUR GROUP. YOU SHOULD HAVE ABOUT 6 PIECES OF KEY INFORMATION.
Key Questions to Guide Your Research Pg 172 - 179
1. What were the two main classes in the Aztec Social
Hierarchy? Describe these roles.
2. What was the role of the Emperor?
3. How were family clans and society organized?
Describe the characteristics of three calpolli.
4. How did Aztec’s show their status in society?
5. How were people able to move upward in the Aztec
social Hierarchy?
AZTEC HIERARCHY
The Aztecs were divided into two main
classes:
Nobles – Were a small percentage of the
population which held most of the wealth.
Many nobles became priests, government
officials or teachers.
Commoners: Anyone who was not a noble
belonged to this class. Jobs for commoners
included slaves farmers, or fishermen
AZTEC HIERARCHY
The Emperor had many privileges and responsibilities:
He was a human being but was treated like a God.
Members lived in the same neighborhood
and went to the same temple.
Some calpolli were made up of people
who did the same kind of job such as gold
smiths or feather workers. Some were
made up from close family ties.
They elected council, owned land and
collected taxes.
AZTEC
HIERARCHY
SOCIETY
Society was organized in to units called Calpolli:
Merchants:
Richest Calpolli in
Tenochtitlan.
Provided knowledge about
the geography and helped
as advisors to generals.
AZTEC
HIERARCHY
SOCIETY
Society was organized in to units called Calpolli:
Farmers:
Grew crops to feed the population.
Were also skilled hunters and fishers,
often sold what they caught.
Paid taxes
May have been asked to volunteer to
work on projects for the state.
AZTEC
HIERARCHY
SOCIETY
Society was organized in to units called Calpolli:
Artisans:
Were skilled crafts workers and
made masks, gold smiths and
feather workers were the most
respect trades.
The most-prized feather came
from The Quetzal bird, which
was associated with the
feathered serpent.”.
AZTEC
HIERARCHY
SOCIETY
Society was organized in to units called Calpolli:
Signs of Status:
Status was shown by the clothes and
jewelry that the Aztec’s wore and well
as the size and location of their house.
Moving up in Society
The main way to move up in society
was to have success on the battlefield.
A warrior could move up from a
commoner to nobility.
AZTEC
HIERARCHY
SOCIETY
What do the Codices tell us about Aztec
education???
Aztec Children were educated at home until
they started school between ages 10 – 15.
How would starting school at the age of 15
affect your life?
AZTEC
EDUCATION
Aztec Children were pampered until the were
about 3 years old.
After that they were expected to be hard
working and obedient. If they weren’t they were
harshly punished.
The aim was to create citizens with “ A stone
heart and a stone face”
AZTEC
EDUCATION
Developing Questions for Inquiry
Good questions are focused on and refer to only one
topic.
- They are written so that they cannot be answered
using just one word.
-They are written to help you understand a point of
view, perspective or worldview.
-Should be used to help you extend your
understanding of a specific topic by making
connections to familiar topics.
INQUIRY PROCESS
Try it!!!!
When you are about to buy something are you
“Torn” between two brands?
How do you end up making a decision?
- Asking questions to weigh your options and
evaluate preferences.
- Asking questions to find out which products
will best serve your purpose.
Asking Questions????
Developing Questions for Inquiry
Your topic: How are the Aztec social structure and
education systems related?
Individually write a series of 3 questions to help guide
your research in understanding Aztec education.
Share your ideas with the class.
AZTEC
EDUCATION
Sample Inquiry questions
Topic: How is Aztec social structure and education
system related?
1. Did Aztec’s value education?
2. Did everyone in Aztec society receive the same
education? If yes what does this say about their
society? If no how were people educated
differently? (Define the types of schools and
describe what people learned)
3. Did all Aztecs learn to read and write? Explain.
4. Were men and women educated differently?
AZTEC EDUCATION
Value of Education
Education was valued in Aztec society
because all school was free and every child went to school.
AZTEC
EDUCATION
The Aztecs Had Two Types of schools:
Calmecac- was the schools for nobles located
in their neighborhood, attached to the temple.
Telpochcalli - was the school for commoners,
they did not learn to read and write, everything
was spoken and students learned through
memorization.
AZTEC
EDUCATION
Commoners studied:
Aztec history, religion, citizenship duties, music
and dance for sacred ceremonies. Although
most of their time was spent doing physical
labour.
Commoner Training:
Most commoners were prepared at home for
the family trade.
. AZTEC
EDUCATION
Aztecs Reading and Writing
Reading and writing occurred using a system of
glyphs
Only Nobels learned to read and write.
Commoners learned orally and through
memorization and hands on work.
AZTEC
EDUCATION
Military Training in School
At school boys trained to be warriors to defend
the state. They were partnered and acted as
soldier servants to learn how conduct
themselves in battle. Boys became warriors at
age fifteen.
AZTEC
EDUCATION
Aztec women and education
Aztec’s believed that women should be
educated, and even though many women
had to stop school when they had children
some women would have jobs in the army, as
doctors and healers because they had the
most knowledge about medicinal herbs.
AZTEC
EDUCATION
What do you think is the right information?
Things to consider:
How did the Aztecs promote good citizenship?
What did the Aztecs believe were the
characteristics of good a good citizen?
AZTEC
CITIZENSHIP
Aztec Citizenship
AZTEC SOCIETY FOCUSED ON PRODUCING CITIZENS WHO WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE COMMUNITY AND LESSONS FOR GOOD CITIZENSHIP WERE A PART OF CHILDREN'S EDUCATION.
In your opinion what are the most important
characteristic of an idea Aztec citizen?
AZTEC CITIZENSHIP
Selecting the right information:
Develop inquiry questions and answer them to
select the right information to develop your
understanding of how Aztec laws promoted
good citizenship and protected the rights of all
Aztec citizens.
AZTEC
LAWS
Law is a key element of Aztec life because,
peoples rights were protected by a system of
written laws.
The legal system was a powerful tool for
maintaining order because it reminded citizens
to be honest and obey the laws.
All people no matter their class were bound by
the law, however commoners were treated
more harshly.
AZTEC LAWS
The legal system had an appeal system where if
someone was unsatisfied with a judgment they
could go to a higher court and even the
emperor.
Judges based decisions on the evidence that
was presented to them.
Sentences tended to be slavery or even death
for serious crimes.
AZTEC LAWS
Slave Laws:
Laws protected slaves from being beaten
Being a slave was not seen as shameful. It was seen
more like “bad luck” because it was not seen as
permanent. Slaves could keep property and even
have their own slaves.
If a slave escaped to the palace from the market
they were free.
Children born in to slavery were born free.
AZTEC LAWS
Do you agree with the YCJA?
The Youth Criminal Justice Act is the law that
governs Canada's youth justice system. It
applies to youth who are at least 12 but under
18 years old, who are alleged to have
committed criminal offences.
AZTEC
CITIZENSHIP
AZTEC WEALTH
-It was a drive for wealth and gold that made
Cortes want to go to the new world.
-The drive for wealth was what caused Cortes to
attack the Aztecs.
-The want to become rich or have lots of resources
(gold, silver) was something the Aztecs and the
Spanish had in common.
-Quality of clothing and its patterns were signs of
wealth in Aztec society.
-Jewelry and the size and location of a person’s
house was also a sign of wealth.
Cortez and the rest of the people that went on
expeditions from Spain had a not-so-secret formula
for how to conquer a new piece of land and the
people in it.
Cortez was greedy, he did not want land, he
wanted gold.
He believed that the Caribbean would be a good
place to make his fortune.
Set traps for great leaders and threatened their lives
if their followers did not obey their orders.
CORTES
Cortes and the Spanish has a not so secret formula which they
regularly used to guide them as they conquered groups of people.
Their formula was a series of 5 steps.
Your Task:
Create a 5 step plan that you think would put you in the best
position to conquer a group of people.
Share with the class.
How did your plan compare to the Spanish formula?
NOT-SO-SECRET
FORMULA ( PG. 218)
MILITARY STRATEGY AND
WEAPONS
-Both the Spanish and the Aztecs had powerful tools
war but they were not evenly matched.
-The Spanish brought with them new weapons
(Muskets) that were unknown to Aztecs which
completely took them by surprise.
-The biggest advantage that the Spanish had in
battle were horses.
-Moctezuma chose to wait to see what the Spanish
would do first, rather than just attack.
-Cortes used the Aztec’s neighbors to their
advantage.
European explorers, traders and settlers brought
diseases such as small pox and measles.
Small pox epidemic broke out in Tenochtitlan,
killing a large number of Aztec people.
DISEASE
Gave the Spanish the advantage because it
made the army weak and unable to fight the
incoming Spanish army in the second time the
Spanish attacked Tenochtitlan.
Took away the Aztecs ability to be a warrior
society, which was very important to their
citizenship.
DISEASE
Explain how the Aztecs religious beliefs
influenced where they decided to settle.
AZTEC
WORLDVIEW
REVIEW
Where the Aztecs chose to settle forced the to
adapt their physical geography. Explain how
the Aztecs responded to the challenges that the MOUNTAINS presented?
AZTEC
WORLDVIEW
REVIEW
Where the Aztecs chose to settle forced them to
adapt their physical geography. Explain how
the Aztecs responded to the challenges that their ISLAND HOME presented?
AZTEC
WORLDVIEW
REVIEW
Provide one example of an Aztec god and
describe how they influenced the actions and
decisions of Aztec society
AZTEC
WORLDVIEW
REVIEW
List the two types of Aztec calendars and
explain how one represented the importance of
Aztec religion
AZTEC
WORLDVIEW
REVIEW
Aztecs believed that SOCIETY as a whole was
more important than the INDIVIDUAL. In what
two ways did the Aztecs show this was significant?
AZTEC
WORLDVIEW
REVIEW