spanish-american contrastive analysis
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
SPANISH-AMERICAN CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
by Don L. F. Nilsenand Alleen Pace Nilsen
![Page 2: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
SPAIN, FRANCE, ITALY AND PORTUGAL
![Page 3: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
![Page 4: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Don Quixote’s Mind:Rocinante, Dulcinea, Sancho Panza,
Lance & Windmills
![Page 5: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
CODE SWITCHING• L. Dabène said that in the case of the
first generation, Code Switching is often used as a remedial strategy to incompetence.
• However in the second generation, code switching can fulfill different functions:
![Page 6: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
• It can enable the speaker to claim a personal identity.
• It can express a kind of complicity with the others or, on the other hand, it can reveal a strategy of divergence from the environment.
![Page 7: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
• Code Switching can enable the speaker to comment about the language (metalinguistic use)
• Code Switching can also be used to comment on what has just been said (metadiscursive use).
• Or, finally, Code Switching can be used to change the type of interaction, to select other interlocutors or to switch from a dialogue to a collective exchange (metacommunicative use).
![Page 8: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
SPANGLISH• “Spanglish” is a new kind of slang finding its
way not only into conversations but also into short stories, novels, popular music, comedy acts, and television sitcoms.
• Sprinkled through English sentences are such insertions as “Que no?,” “Tambien,” and “Yo se.”
![Page 9: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
• Sometimes English words are combined with Spanish words, so that “barber shop” and “peluqueria” becomes “barberia.”
• Similarly, “chilling out” becomes “chileando,” and “to park” becomes “parkear.”
![Page 10: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
HISPANIC NAMES• In Spain and Latin America, if a girl
were named Ana Maria López Garcia, she has two surnames. The first one is her father’s (López), and the second one is her mother’s (Garcia).
![Page 11: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
• If Ana Maria López Garcia married Gregoria Díaz Rodriguez, then she would write her name as Ana Maria López de Díaz.
• In Mexico, Ana Maria López de Díaz would go
by her maiden name daily (Maria López Garcia), but on formal documentation she would identify herself with her married name (Ana Maria López de Díaz).
![Page 12: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
If she were to have a child, Alicia, Alicia’s full name would be Alicia López Díaz, keeping both her father’s and her mother’s surnames.
![Page 13: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
SPANGLISH TEST 1• bacuncliner
– vacuum cleaner• biper
– beeper or pager• boyla
– boiler• chileando
– chilling out• choping
– shopping• fafu
– fast food• jangear
– hanging out• joldoperos
– muggers, holdup artists
![Page 14: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
SPANGLISH TEST 2• liqueo
– to leak• maicrogüey
– microwave oven• pulover
– T-shirt• roofo
– roof• sangüiche
– sandwich• tensén
– ten-cent store like K-Mart or Woolworths
![Page 15: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Phonological Differences 1• English has 13 vowels; Spanish has
only 5 vowels
• Spanish is a syllable-timed language; English is a stress-timed language
• Spanish /d/ and /ð/ are alaphonic as in “duda”
![Page 16: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Phonological Differences 2• English has a retroflex /r/; Spanish has a
flapped /r/ and a trilled /r/ written as <r> and <rr>
• English has no velar fricative <x> or <j>
• Spanish doesn’t distinguish between /č/ and /š/, or between /s/ and /z/
![Page 17: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Orthographic Differences 1• Spanish <ll> is pronounced /y/; Spanish <l> is pronounced /l/
• Spanish <j> is a velar fricative
• Spanish <b> and <v> are both the same (bilabial fricatives)
• Spanish has <ñ> for the /ny/ sound
• Spanish <h> is not pronounced
• Spanish has a <q> but no <k> or <c>
![Page 18: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Orthographic Differences 2• Spanish begins questions with <¿> and
exclamations with <i>
• Spanish uses a period for thousands, and a comma for a decimal; English does the reverse
• Spanish uses «…» for quotation marks, not “…”
![Page 19: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Morphological Differences • Spanish verbs are more highly inflected than
are English verbs
• Spanish adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in number and gender
• Spanish has grammatical gender; English has natural gender
• Spanish uses the definite article differently as in “el señor Jones”
![Page 20: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Syntactic Differences• English adjectives come before nouns;
Spanish adjectives come after nouns.
• Spanish has “pro-drop” which means that a subject pronoun can be dropped; English does not.
• Spanish has double negatives (“No tiene nada”); English does not.
![Page 21: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Semantic Differences 1• Some English-Spanish cognates don’t have
the same meaning.
• Consider the following Spanish words: “actual,” “libraria,” “grocería,” “molestar,” “embarazada” and “principio.”
• In English, these words mean “present,”
“bookstore,” “vulgarity,” “to bother,” “pregnant” and “beginning,” respectively.
![Page 22: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Semantic Differences 2
• A single Spanish word can have more than one English meaning:
• Spanish “hacer” means either “make” or “do”
• Spanish “su” means either “his,” “her,” or “its”
• Spanish “en” means either “on,” “in,” “into,” or “at”
![Page 23: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Semantic Differences 3
• Or, a single English word can have more than one Spanish meaning:
• English “time” in Spanish can be “tiempo,” “vez,” or “hora”
• English “hot” in Spanish can be “picante,” or “caliente”
![Page 24: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
In conclusion, consider these riddles:
• Spanish “plata” means “silver,” Spanish “oro” means “gold,” and Spanish “platano” means “banana”
• Qué es come oro, pero plata no es?
• Platano es.
![Page 25: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
• Spanish “se parecen” means “similarity”Spanish “manzano” means “apple”Spanish “tren” means “train”Spanish “pera” means “pear”Spanish “espera” means “to wait”
• En qué se parecen una manzano y un tren?
• No es pera. = No espera.
![Page 26: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
• Spanish “estrellas” means “stars” Spanish “hay” means “are there” Spanish “cielos” means “heavens” Spanish “cinquenta” means “fifty” Spanish “sin cuenta” means “countless
• Cuantas estrellas hay en los cielos?
• Cinquenta. = Sin cuenta
![Page 27: Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062420/58ab2cd31a28abb64d8b47dd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
• Spanish “perezoso” means “lazy” Spanish “mundo” means “world” Spanish “nada” means both “nothing” and “it swims”
• Cual animal es el mas perezoso del mundo?
• El pez.• Qué hace el pez?• Nada.