Spanish 1 Grammar

Flip Book Includes:

Articles Subject Pronouns

Ser Number & Gender

Prepositions Possessives

Interrogatives Negative Words Object Pronouns

Stem-Changing Verbs Tú Commands Ser vs Estar

8 Irregular Verbs Present Tense of Regular Verbs

© Rachel Bailey 2014

Mi libro de gramática

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Definite & Indefinite Articles

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singular plural

masc el los

fem la las

definite articles (the) singular plural

masc un unos

fem una unas

indefinite articles (a, an, some)

Subject Pronouns & Ser

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singular plural

1st yo nosotros(as)

2nd tú vosotros(as)

3rd él, ella, usted ellos, ellas, ustedes

subject pronouns ser

singular plural

1st soy somos

2nd eres sois

3rd es son

Number & Gender of Nouns

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Masculine – usually ends with –o exceptions: -ema (problema) -ama (programa) Feminine – usually ends with –a exceptions: -ción (información) -sión (ilusión) -tud (actitud) -tad (amistad) -dad (realidad) -umbre (costumbre)

Gender Number refers to singular or plural. To make nouns plural: If the noun ends with a vowel, add –s ej: carro carros If the noun ends with a consonant, add –es ej: cereal cereales If the noun ends with a z, change it to –ces ej: lápiz lápices If there’s an accent on the last syllable, drop it. ej: definición definiciones

Number

-ar, -er, -ir verbs (Present)

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singular plural

1st -o -amos

2nd -as -áis

3rd -a -an

-ar verbs singular plural

1st -o -amos

2nd -es -éis

3rd -e -en

-er verbs singular plural

1st -o -imos

2nd -es -ís

3rd -e -en

-ir verbs

abrir – to open asistir – to attend escribir – to write subir – to climb, go up vivir – to live

common –ir verbs beber – to drink comer – to eat comprender – to understand correr – to run leer – to read

common –er verbs ayudar – to help cantar – to sing escuchar – to listen hablar – to talk nadar – to swim tocar – to play, touch tomar – to drink. take

common –ar verbs

Prepositions

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Prepositions of Location detrás de - behind delante de – in front of enfrente de – in front of cerca de – close to, near lejos de – far from debajo de - below encima de – above, on top of dentro de - inside afuera de - outside al lado de – next to, beside a la izquierda de – to the left a la derecha de – to the right en – in, on

Other Prepositions de – of, from a – to con – with *conmigo – with me *contigo – with you

Possessive Words

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singular plural

1st mi(s) nuestro(s) nuestra(s)

2nd tu(s) vuestro(s) vuestra(s)

3rd su(s) su(s)

Possessive Adjectives {Short Form}

singular plural

1st mío(s) mía(s)

nuestro(s) nuestra(a)

2nd tuyo(s) tuya(s)

vuestro(s) vuestra(s)

3rd suyo(s) suya(s)

suyo(s) suya(s)

Possessive Adjectives {Long Form} singular plural

1st

el mío la mía

los míos las mías

el nuestro la nuestra

los nuestros las nuestras

2nd

el tuyo la tuya

los tuyos las tuyas

el vuestro la vuestra

los vuestros las vuestras

3rd

el suyo la suya

los suyos las suyas

el suyo la suya

los suyos las suyas

Possessive Pronouns

the short form of the adjective precedes the noun ej: mi carro (my car)

the long form of the adjective follows the noun ej: el carro mío (my car)

possessive pronouns replace the noun ej: el mío (mine)

Interrogatives & Negatives

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Interrogatives ¿Qué? – What? ¿Quién? – Who? ¿Cuándo? - When ¿Cuánto/a? – How much? ¿Cuántos/as? – How many? ¿Cuál? – Which? ¿Cómo? – How?, What? ¿Por qué? – Why? ¿Dónde? – When? ¿A dónde? – To where? ¿De dónde? – From where?

Negatives {and related words} nadie – no one alguién - someone todos – everyone nada - nothing algo - something todo – everything ninguno - none alguno – some tampoco – neither, not either también – also, as well nunca - never a veces - sometimes siempre - always

Object Pronouns

basura basura basura basura

singular plural

1st me nos

2nd te os

3rd lo, la los, las

Direct Object Pronouns * The direct object is what receives the

action of the verb * ask “Verb-ing what?”/“¿Qué verb?” * Pronoun goes:

* before the conjugated verb/negative command

* attached to the infinitive/positive command

singular plural

1st me nos

2nd te os

3rd le les

Indirect Object Pronouns * The indirect object is what is affected

indirectly by the action * ask “To whom?” or “For whom?”/

”¿Para quién?” * same placement rules as d.o.p.

Double Object Pronouns * When you have a d.o.p. and an i.o.p. in the same sentence, the indirect

object pronoun always comes first! * If “le” or “les” is followed by “lo”, “la”, “los”, or “las”, then you must

change the indirect object pronoun (le/les) to se * ej: Les lo traigo Se lo traigo

Stem-Changing Verbs

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singular plural

1st duermo dormimos

2nd duermes dormís

3rd duerme duermen

oue

singular plural

1st quiero queremos

2nd quieres queréis

3rd quiere quieren

eie

singular plural

1st pido pedimos

2nd pides pedís

3rd pide piden

ei common ei verbs

common eie verbs

common oue verbs

almorzar – to eat lunch contar – to count, tell costar – to cost dormir – to sleep encontrar – to find

llover – to rain morir – to die poder – to be able to, can recordar – to remember volver – to return

cerrar – to close comenzar – to begin empezar – to begin entender – to understand

merendar – to snack perder – to lose preferir – to prefer querer – to want

competir – to compete corregir – to correct decir – to say, tell medir – to measure pedir – to order, ask for

reñir – to fight, squabble repetir – to repeat seguir – to follow servir – to serve

Tú Commands

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positive tú commands negative tú commands * use 3rd person singular form of

the verb. ej: * ¡Baila! Dance! * ¡Corre! Run! * ¡Vive! Live!

* exceptions: * Ven DiSal Haz Ten VePonSé * ven – come (venir) * di – say (decir) * sal – leave (salir) * haz – do (hacer) * ten – have (tener) * ve – go (ir) * pon – put (poner) * sé – be (ser)

* Pronouns: * attach to the end of the

command * starting with the first

pronoun, count backwards two syllables and add the accent. ej:

* prepáralo * hazlo (no accent)

To make a negative tú command: 1. Start with the yo form

* hacer – hago 2. remove the -o

* hag— 3. add the “opposite” vowel -ar -es -er/-ir -as

* no hagas * exceptions:

* no vayas – don’t go (ir) * no veas – don’t see (ver) * no seas – don’t be (ser) * no estés – don’t be (estar) * no sepas – don’t know (saber) * no des – don’t give (dar)

{ }

Ser vs Estar

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ser estar

used for inherent characteristics

Description (usually physical)

Occupation (job, role in life)

Characteristic (usually non-visible)

Time (also date, location of an event)

Origin (where someone/something is from)

Relationship (romantic, family, friendship, ownership) Ejemplos: * Yo soy bonita. * Tú eres médico. * Él es cómico * La fiesta es el viernes. * Nosotros somos de Puerto Rico. * María es mi madre. * El libro es de Julio.

singular plural

1st soy somos

2nd eres sois

3rd es son

used for state of being

Feelings

Location (where someone or something is located)

Ing (ends with –ando or -iendo)

Condition (vacío/lleno {empty/full}, vivo/muerto {living/dead}, enfermo/sano {sick/healthy}, limpio/sucio {clean/dirty}) Ejemplos: * Yo estoy triste. * La mochila está encima de la

mesa. * Nosotros estamos corriendo. * El plato está sucio.

singular plural

1st estoy estamos

2nd estás estáis

3rd está están

Irregular Verbs basura basura basura

ir singular plural

1st voy vamos

2nd vas vais

3rd va van

hacer singular plural

1st hago hacemos

2nd haces hacéis

3rd hace hacen

poner singular plural

1st pongo ponemos

2nd pones ponéis

3rd pone ponen

traer singular plural

1st traigo traemos

2nd traes traéis

3rd trae traen

saber singular plural

1st sé sabemos

2nd sabes sabéis

3rd sabe saben

salir singular plural

1st salgo salimos

2nd sales salís

3rd sale salen

tener singular plural

1st tengo tenemos

2nd tienes tenéis

3rd tiene tienen

ver singular plural

1st veo vemos

2nd ves veis

3rd ve ven

Irregular Verbs basura basura basura

ir singular plural

1st voy vamos

2nd vas vais

3rd va van

hacer singular plural

1st hago hacemos

2nd haces hacéis

3rd hace hacen

singular plural

1st pongo ponemos

2nd pones ponéis

3rd pone ponen

traer singular plural

1st traigo traemos

2nd traes traéis

3rd trae traen

saber singular plural

1st sé sabemos

2nd sabes sabéis

3rd sabe saben

singular plural

1st tengo tenemos

2nd tienes tenéis

3rd tiene tienen

ver singular plural

1st veo vemos

2nd ves veis

3rd ve ven

© Rachel Bailey 2014

Teacher Tips For best results, select “Actual

Size” in the print menu.

You can copy the pages on white paper or colored, or my

personal favorite, alternate colored paper with white. In order to assemble the

flipbook, have your students cut the pages where they say “basura” and staple them in

order.

Irregular Verbs basura basura basura

© Rachel Bailey 2014

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