spain & portugal
TRANSCRIPT
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Commonwealth• Self-governing territory associated with another country
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Mercantilism (Commercialism)• A country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other
countries, exporting more than it imports
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Encomienda System• System in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local
Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.
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Hacienda System• Similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their
products from their owners
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Hapsburg • When under Habsburg rule, Spain reached the zenith of its influence
and power, controlling territory.
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Philip II of Spain• The son of Charles V who later became husband to Mary I and king of
Spain and Portugal. He supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England.
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Thirty Years War (1618-1648)• A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant
religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between France and their rivals, the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Treaty of Westphalia (1648)• Ended Thirty Years War, and granted right to individual rulers within
the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic.
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Prince Henry the Navigator• Supported Portuguese exploration, financed Bartholomew Dias and
Vasco da Gama.
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Bartholomew Dias• Portuguese explorer who rounded the tip of Africa (Cape of Good
Hope).
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Vasco da Gama• Portuguese explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, explored
E. African kingdoms, and went to India to establish trade relations.
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Christopher Columbus• Spanish explorer who mistakenly found the West Indies instead of his
goal of finding China and India.
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West Indies• An archipelago between SE N. America and N S. America, separating
the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean and including the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, and the Bahama Islands.
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Greater Antilles• An island group of the northern West Indies including Cuba, Jamaica,
Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
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Lesser Antilles• An island group of the eastern West Indies extending in an arc from
Aruba to the Virgin Islands.
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Treaty of Tordesillas• Agreement between Spain and Portugal on divided the New World;
everything east of "the line" belonged to Portugal, and everything to the west belonged to Spain.
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Colonialism• The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over
another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
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Nationalism• A belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual
identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation.
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Hernan Cortes• Spanish conquistador and explorer who defeated the Aztec Empire via
advanced weapons, diseases, and help from conquered Aztec peoples.
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Montezuma II• Last emperor of the Aztec Empire, killed during Spanish invasion led
by Hernan Cortes.
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Francisco Pizarro• Spanish conquistador and explorer who defeated the Inca Empire via
advanced weapons, and diseases.
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Peninsulares• Spanish officials sent to govern the colonies in the New World.
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Creoles (Crillos)• People born in the colonies to Spanish parents.
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Mestizos• Those with European and Native American ancestry.
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Mulattos• Those with European and African ancestry.
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Viceroys• Appointed governors of each of the five regions of New Spain.
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Colombian Exchange• Widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations,
communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian
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Goa, India• Island off the coast of India that was the base of Portuguese trade