spain looks westward
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SPAIN LOOKS WESTWARD. GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION IN SPAIN THE SPANISH INQUISITION GOLD AND GLORY. GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION. The people of Spain have a saying, “La geographia manda ” which translates into “Geography controls everything” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SPAIN LOOKS WESTWARDGEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION IN SPAIN
THE SPANISH INQUISITIONGOLD AND GLORY
GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION• The people of Spain have a saying, “La geographia
manda” which translates into “Geography controls everything”
• Spain’s location between Africa and Europe had a great influence on its religious history
• At the beginning of the Middle Ages, almost everyone in Spain, and in most of Europe, was Christian
• Spain was ruled by the Visgoths, a group which had invaded Spain from the north at the end of the Roman Empire
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVbd7BtfEG8&
• A series of weak rulers and internal struggles left Spain vulnerable to outside attack
GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION• In 711 a Muslim force led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad
crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and landed in Spain
• Within a few years, Muslims controlled nearly the entire Iberian peninsula
• As a symbol of their influence, a large mosque was built in the city of Cordoba
• Many Christians converted to Islam but some did not
• For the next five centuries Spain was part of a large Arab Islamic empire
• Goods and ideas were exchanged across areas from Spain, Egypt, Zanzibar and Indonesia
GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION• Muslim rulers are rich merchants were patrons
of the arts• Islam discourages showings human beings,
animals and other subjects realistically because it may lead to idolatry, the worshipping of idols
• Most Muslim works therefore features designs and written script
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqTg4ePtXqs&feature=fvwrel&
GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION• Muhammad, the founder of Islam believed
spreading his new religion was a sacred duty• Learning was greatly valued in the Muslim
society as a way of understanding the universe and leading an ethical life
• Muslim established the first university in Cairo in 971, over 200 years before the first university in Europe
• Cordoba, Seville and Granada became great learning centres in Muslim Spain
• Muslim scholars discussed and studied medicine and science
GEOGRAPHY AND RELIGION• By the early 1000s, the caliphate , the area of
jurisdiction of Muslim rulers, began to decline in Spain
• When the Muslims had first arrived in Spain, they had limited the Christian controlled area to a narrow strip along the northern coast
• These areas began to expand southward• The Reconquista began as a way for the
Christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence
• Reconquista is a Spanish term that means reconquest
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNHBvo74PVE
YEAR ACTION
1085 Christian forces capture Toledo
1094 “El Cid” takes Valencia
1137 Union of Aragon and Catalonia
1142 Lisbon taken by the Christians
1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; defeat of Alomhads
1248 Seville falls to Christians
1410 Ferdinand, Regent of Castile, takes Antequera, becomes the King of Aragon
1469 Marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella
1479 Union of Castiule and Aragon
1492 Capture of Grenada
During the Reconquista, the Spanish developed new battle techniques making them the deadliest fighting force in Europe. They brought these
techniques with them to the Americas.
CREATING A CHRISTIAN SPAIN• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were so
devoted to their religion that the Pope gave them a special title- Catholic Monarchs
• The Reconquista needed Christian crusaders from across Europe to help them regain control of Spanish territory from the Muslims
• By 1269, only Grenada remained in Muslim hands• In January of 1492, after a ten year battle, it was
regained by the Christians• In an effort to unite Spain under one religion
Ferdinand and Isabella took over the Spanish Inquisition from the Church
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IAqOcyAuKc&feature=related&
THE INQUISITION• The Spanish Inquisition – a state run system of courts where Church
officials put believers of religious ideas other than Catholicism on trial
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVBrOxcWt0c&feature=fvsr&
– Monotheism – is a teaching of the Christian, Muslim and
Jewish faiths that all teach the existence of one god
• Polytheism– cultures that believed in the existence of
multiple gods
THE INQUISITION• The Muslims and Jews were given a choice, convert
or be exiled • The expulsion had serious negative effects• Many were members of the educated middle class
making it difficult to maintain economic growth at the end of the 1400s
SAVING SOULS• As the Muslims were removed from Spain,
Ferdinand and Isabella knew they were spreading Islam throughout the Middle East
• They viewed this as a threat to Catholicism• The Spanish royals began to believe they had a
religious duty to spread the Catholic faith to as many converts as possible, both within and outside Spain
• It was a key reason in changing their support for the Columbus expedition to the New World
• Starting with Columbus all Spanish voyages brought missionaries with them
• Missionaries are people from religious orders who had the authority to teach and convert people to Catholicism
GOLD, GLORY AND COLUMBUS• One of the key motivators of the day was the
search for gold• Gold allowed countries to buy ships and fund wars
to take over other territories• Due to the costs of fighting to rid Spain of non-
Catholics, reserves of gold and silver were nearly depleted
• There were high hopes that Columbus's journey would bring back gold to strengthen the Spanish economy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNtgLeSc85A&
GOLD, GLORY AND COLUMBUS• When Columbus arrived he found only a small
amount of gold on the island of Hispaniola• The Spanish court concentrated on the news of
gold, not the amount• The King and Queen agreed to second voyage
immediately• It would be better supplied and supported than the
first • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvm8WA0Y2N
4&
FIRST VOYAGEOCTOBER 1492
SECOND VOYAGE September 1493
THE FLEET 3 ships (Santa Maria, Nina , Pita)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoKsXQ23Kxw
17 ships
HIS COMPANY 90 sailors 2500 sailors, soldiers, missionaries, settlers
HIS INSTRUCTIONS Explore Set up a colony on arrival, with a
permanent settlement
GAINING PERSONAL WEALTH• There was a large class of lower nobles called hidalgos
• This group had never owned land• Due to the shortage of decent Spanish farmland, many were
persuaded to become some of the first settlers to the Americas• El Cid, Rodrigo Diaz de Vicar (1042-1099), was a Christian knight
who sometimes fought on the Muslim side• It was thought he became the first European to see the Pacific
Ocean• He was the inspiration for the code of chivalry, which was designed
to govern the behaviour of all Christian soldiers