SPAIN: LIBERAL MONARCHY TO

REPUBLIC

INTRODUCTION

o Spain experienced a period of political upheavals along the 19th due to:

claims to the throne

military revolts

demands for greater democracy

1. SPAIN FROM LIBERAL MONARCHY TO REPUBLIC

XIX Century SPAIN

Carlos IV Fernando VII Isabel II R.S. Alfonso XII

Absolutism L A Liberalism

Monarchy R Monarchy

1833 1868

o Spain experienced series of political upheavals in the mid-19th century. These included conflicting claims to the throne, military revolts ans demands for greater democracy.

o For a short period Spain became a republic.

2. SPAIN FROM LIBERAL MONARCHY TO REPUBLIC

Absolutists Apostolicals Carlists

Liberals

ModeratsNarvaez

Monàrquics

Radicals ProgressistsEspartero and Prim

Democrats

RepublicansFederalists: Pi and MargallUnitarians: Castelar

UnionistesUnió liberal O’donnell

S. XIX: IDEOLOGIES

3. THE REIGN OF ISABEL II ( 1833 - 1868 ) This reign meant: 1. the end of the absolutism.2. The establishment of a liberal constitutional monarchy.

The Queen had a high but limited by the constitution. The Queen had the support of: -Moderate Liberal Party….. (strong royal authority & limited male suffrage)-Progressive Liberal Party…. (limited royal authority & universal male suffrage)

There were various constitutions: -1834 (Royal Statute , Moderates), 1837 (Progressives), -1845 (Moderates), 1856 (Not enacted, Progressives), Military participated in politics with revolts “pronunciamientos” to acquire more power.

New contitutions were propsed and limited male suffrafe was established oThe military took part in politics and caused revolts in order to get more power oTwo regents governed in Isabel’s place: Maria Cristina General Espartero oThe First Carlist War took place during this period (1833-1840)

THE FIRST CARLIST WAR

The first Carlist War lasted more than seven years and the fighting spanned

most of the country at one time or another, although the main conflict

centered on the Carlist homelands of the Basque Country and Aragon,

Catalonia and Valencia.

The First Carlist War by Ferrer Dalmau

THE FIRST CARLIST WAR MAP

4. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION The first attempt to establish democracy in Spain is called

the Glorious Revolution The Constitution of 1869 was approbed.

Universal manhood suffrage was approved with this constitution This attempt to establish democracy was followed by the Six

Revolutionary Years. There were two political systems in Spain: DEMOCRATIC MONARCHY (1871-1873) THE FIRST REPUBLIC (1873-1874)

4.1. POLITICAL SYSTEMS

A) DEMOCRATIC MONARCHY

Amadeo de Savoy became King of SpainHe abdicated as the republicans and the Carlists rejected him.The supporters of Alfonso opposed to him.

Amadeo of Savoy

B) THE FIRST REPUBLIC

The First Republic faced many problems:

Demands for greater regional autonomy (Andalucía, Levante and Catalonia).

Republicans were divided among themselves

The Third Carlist War (1872-1876) broke out

Monetary union was achieved during the Six Revolutionary Years →PESETA

There was another military uprising in December 1874. It brought the restoration of monarchy → RETURN OF BOURBON MONARCHY

Bourbon coat of arms

IMPORTANT BIOGRAPHIES

Maria Cristina General Baldomero Espartero

MARIA CRISTINA

She was born in Palermo, Sicily in 1806. Francis I of the Two Sicilies (king of Naples) was her father and María Isabella of Spain

was her mother She became Fernando VII's, who was her uncle, wife when she was 26 years old. She wanted that her daughter, Isabel II to become Queen as she didn't give birth to any

boy. Before he died in 1833, he signed a document which said that Isabel II would be Queen of

Spain Maria Cristina became her daughter's regent On 28 December 1833, shortly after the death of Ferdinand VII, Maria Christina had secretly

married an ex-sergeant from the royal guard, Agustín Fernando Muñoz (1808–1873). Maria Christina and Muñoz had several children together while trying to keep their marriage a secret.

Maria Christina died in Le Havre, France on 22 August 1878. As the widow of Ferdinand VII and the mother of Isabella II, Maria Christina was buried in the royal crypt of El Escorial monastery.

GENERAL BALDOMERO ESPARTERO He was born in Granátula de Catatrava, Ciudad Real on 27th

February 1793 He was a Spanish general and political figure He was associated with the radical or progressive winf of

Spain liberalism and would become their symbol and champion after taking credit over the Carlists in 1839.

He had noble titles such as: - Duke of La Victoria (granted by Isabel II) - Prince of Vergara (granted by King Amadeo, 1870.He died on 8th January 1879 in Logroño, La Rioja