SPAIN• During the 16th Century, the

Spanish created a great empire by conquering and colonizing the lands in the Caribbean as well as large parts of North and South America

A. In the Americas Spain became rich by obtaining the gold and silver that the Americas produced.

B. EFFECT:i. This potential of great wealth

motivated other European nations to join the quest for colonies in America

SPAIN

• Protestant Reformation:A. 1517, this movement began in Germany when

a monk named Martin Luther challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.

B. Luther and the other dissenters from the Catholic church became known as Protestants because they protested against the power of the pope and against the church, which they viewed as corrupt and materialistic.

• FRENCH:–Protestant and Catholic

• SPAIN:–Catholics

SPAIN ORGANIZES ITS AMERICAN EMPIRE• The Spanish conquistadors were good at

conquering but not running their colonies.• SPANISH RULE:–Indians were enslaved and forced to labor on

encomiendas – large Spanish owned plantations and mine silver and gold;–The Native Americans were treated poorly by

the Spanish

• EFFECTS OF HARSH TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS:A. Killing too many Native Americans who could have

been tax-paying subjectsB. To protect Native Americans Catholic Friars set up

missionaries – people who work to convert others to their religion

C. The friars aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity and to persuade them to adopt Spanish culture.

• EFFECTS OF MISSIONARIES:–Friars demanded Native Americans

convert to Christianity–Friars ordered Native American

temples and sacred images destroyed;–Friars relied on Spanish soldiers to

set up forts, presidios, to force the Native Americans to work for them

a. NEW SPAIN and PERU ESTABLISHED:I. The Spanish Crown divided the

American empire into two immense regions, know as viceroyalties, each ruled by a viceroy appointed by the king.

II. Viceroyalty of New Spain:a. Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean

Islands

III. Viceroyalty of Peru:b. All of South America except Portuguese Brazil

• SOCIETY IN SPAIN’S AMERICAN COLONIES:–MOSTLY men immigrated across the

Atlantic to the American Empire.–Male colonists took Native American

wives.–Children of mixed Spanish and Native

American ancestry became known as mestizos

• Hernado de Soto:A. Explored Florida (FL), Georgia (GA),

South Carolina (SC), North Carolina (NC), Tennessee (TN), Alabama (AL), Mississippi (MS), and Arkansas (AR)

B. Massacred Native American villages and spread disease

• SPAIN COLONIZES FLORIDA:–By occupying Florida and the Rio Grande valley,

the Spanish hoped to create a defensive zone, to keep hostile European rivals far from the precious mines and towns of Mexico– In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles attacked and

destroyed the French base, slaughtering the captured Protestants– St. Augustine, FL, first enduring colonial town

which would later be part of the United States

• Spain Colonizes New Mexico:–Led by Juan de Onate Spain

established the new colony of New Mexico, with Santa Fe as the capital.–Friars treat Pueblo Indians horribly

– forcing them to convert to Christianity