E

Terraced Landscapes: experiences and “good

practices” in Italy and Europe:

SPAIN

Sabina Asins Velis Departamento de Planificación Territorial

Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación-CSIC

Departamento de Geografía Universitat de València

LAVORARE IL PAESAGGIO Terrazzamenti e muri a secco tra identità e valori

Cembra, Italia, 4 maggio 2013

Indice

1/ INTRODUCTION

2/ GOOD PRACTICES IN SPAIN 2.1/ Terraced Agricultural Areas 2.2/ Cultural Heritage

3/ Narural and Cultural Risks (Abandonement) 4/ Final Remarks

1/ Introduction

The function of the terraced landscapes in the

European agricultural and rural model

Industrial agriculture

Commercial agriculture

Territorial agriculture

SPECIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE

1/ INTRODUCTION

TERRITORIAL

AGRICULTURE

Society

Economy

Politics

Ecology

SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL

SYSTEM

Territorial policy of the European Union

(social-environmental)

1/ INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

TO INCLUDE THEM, AMONG OTHERS, IN THE SPATIAL PLANNING and RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES

TO ANALYSE ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RISKS DUE TO ABANDONMENT

TO IDENTIFY SUCCESSFUL TECHNIQUES AND GOOD PRACTICES

Case studies

SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES EVALUATION

Historical analysis

1/ INTRODUCTION

2/ GOOD PRACTICES IN SPAIN

2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION

Valencian Community:

To preserve active

agriculture in those

areas in which

traditional techniques

are functionals, and

allow the introduction of

machinery

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION

“It seems a forest, so well planted of olive-trees”

Cavanilles, 1797

Foto: S. Asins

2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION

Catalonia:

To combine historical tradition with

agricultural products (linking

archaeological sites with wine

commercial marks)

Foto: S. Asins

Barcelona

Foto: S. Asins

2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION

Almería:

Quality marks: “Oil of the Desert”

Foto: S. Asins

Balearic Islands:

To promote the participation of the private

sector in the recovery and conservation of the

rural landscape and terraced areas

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

2.1/ TERRACED AGRICULTURAL AREAS, IN PRODUCTION

To promote knowledge transfer

between generations

(EU-Rural Development Plans)

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

To declare Protected Areas in singular

landscapes, historically terraced

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

To aprove laws, linking rural

development and landscape protection

(“Ley de Ordenación del Territorio y

Protección del Paisaje de la Comunidad

Valenciana”)

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

To recover traditional terraced

landscapes to promote rural tourism

Rural hotel

“La Esperanza”,

Petrer (Alicante)

Foto: Heliodoro

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Fuente: De Pedro (1998) Grau et al., 2004

To finance research projects to

investigate historical terracements

LA LLOMA DE BETXÍ

(Paterna,

Valencia)

Bronze Age

Beginning of the

II millennium cal. BC

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Roman terraces: La Sierra de Francia

Main researchers: J. Sánchez Palencia y M. Ruiz del Árbol- CSIC

Foto: S. Palencia y Ruiz del Árbol

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Roman terraces: Peña Redonda (Villardiegua de la Ribera, Zamora)

Main researchers CSIC: Dres. J. Sánchez-Palencia, A. Orejas y M. Ruiz del Árbol

Fotos: S. Palencia, Orejas y Ruiz del Árbol

Foto: J.M. Ruiz abedul

alamo

roble

castaño

encina pino

olmo

enebro

sauce avellano

brezo

aliso

ÉPOCA PRERROMANA

ÉPOCA ROMANA

ÉPOCA POSTROMANA

ÉPOCA PRERROMANA

ÉPOCA ROMANA

ÉPOCA POSTROMANA

Fuente: M. Ruiz del Árbol

Foto: Palencia y Ruíz del Árbol

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Planning-CIDE

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: F. Jarque

Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Dibujo: A.J. Cavanilles, 1793

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: F. Jarque

Fotos: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Dibujo: J.Mª Bernabe

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: S. Asins Foto: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: Archivo Municipal de Petrer (Alicante)

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Petrer (Alicante), middle of the XX century

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

PETRER (ALICANTE)

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

Foto: S. Asins

2.2/ CULTURAL HERITAGE

3/ NATURAL AND CULTURAL RISKS

(AGRICULTURAL ABANDONMENT)

3/ RISKS: FOREST FIRES

Consequences of agricultural abandonment

Foto: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: FOREST FIRES

To recover terraced areas in the vicinity of the villages to prevent forest fires:

Horizontal and vertical discontinuity (vegetation)

Disminish the velocity of fire propagation

Security belt (rural villages) Foto: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: FOREST FIRES

Foto: Juan Sánchez

3/ RISKS: FOREST FIRES

3/ RISKS: EROSION

Fotos: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: EROSION

Fotos: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: EROSION

3/ RISKS: EROSION

3/ RISKS: CULTURAL HERITAGE LOSS

Fotos: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins Foto: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: CULTURAL HERITAGE LOSS

3/ RISKS: CULTURAL HERITAGE LOSS

Fotos: S. Asins

Foto: S. Asins

3/ RISKS: CULTURAL HERITAGE LOSS

3/ RISKS: CULTURAL HERITAGE LOSS

4/ FINAL REMARKS

CASE STUDIES:

- Field work

- Archives

- Cartography

Foto: S. Asins

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Capacidad y Vulnerabilidad 1.Capacidad Muy Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta 2.Capacidad Muy Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta 3.Capacidad Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta 4.Capacidad Moderada / Vulnerabilidad Moderada 5.Capacidad Elevada / Vulnerabilidad Baja 6. Capacidad Baja / Vulnerabilidad Moderada 7. Capacidad Muy Baja / Vulnerabilidad Alta

Fuente: Depto. Planificación Territorial-CIDE

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

FIELD WORK

XVIII Century Mapa: Archivo del Reino de Valencia

XXI century Ortofoto: Instituto Cartográfico Valenciano

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

ARCHIVES

Fuente: Archivo Municipal Petrer (Alicante)

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

ARCHIVES

Petrer

(Alicante)

Fuente: Asins y Carrillos, 2009

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

CARTOGRAPHY

EVOLUTION OF THE

TERRACED LANDSCAPE

Petrer (Alicante) Agricultural area:100% terraced

Fuente: Asins y Carrillos, 2009

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

CARTOGRAPHY

0 10 20 30 40 Kilometers

N

#

#

#

Castellón

Valencia

Alicante

Fuente: Asins, 2009

Estimated terraced area

(Valencian Community)

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

CARTOGRAPHY

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE

WORLD BANK

ICONOGRAPHIC SYSTEM

AGRICULTURE AND SOIL

PROTECTION

Fuente: IPOGEA

http://www.tkwb.org

INCLUSION IN THE DATA BASE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISMS

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

WATER MANAGEMENT

Fuente: IPOGEA

http://www.tkwb.org

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

SOCIAL ASPECTS AND

TERRITORIAL PLANNING

Fuente: IPOGEA

http://www.tkwb.org

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

- To include principles of sustainability in a multisectoral

framework (territorial approach and multilevel

collaboration)

- Local and regional agents involvement

- To promote new relation-ways between rural and urban

areas

- Transversal: to be linked with conventions and regulations

as important as: European Landscape Convention, Water

Framework Directive, Rural Development Policies, etc.

POLICIES

FINAL REMARKS: SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING