SPACE!

If you can’t take a little bloody nose, maybe you had better go back home and crawl under your bed. It’s not safe out here! It’s wondrous, with treasures to satiate desires both subtle and gross, but it’s not for the timid. – Star Trek

Resolution: Resolved: The United States federal

government should substantially increase its exploration and/or development of space beyond the Earth’s mesosphere.

Mesosphere? Tell me what that is!

- Layer of atmosphere surrounding earth.

- 50 Km to 85 Km above the earths

atmosphere.

- No aircrafts (planes) go higher than 50 km but no spacecrafts/satellites orbit below 85 Km

Huh? What is the difference?

Space Developme

nt

Space Exploration

Space Exploration

• Exploration refers to deep space --- activities must take place outside of orbit of the Earth’s

• Schmitt 3 (Harrison, Chair – Interlune-Intermars Initiative, Inc. and Astronaut – Apollo 17, Testimony Before the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, 11-6, http://www.chicagospace.org/schmitttestimony.ht ml)

Appendix A: Space Exploration And Development - Why Humans?

The term "space exploration" implies the exploration of the Moon, planets and asteroids, that is, "deep space," in contrast to continuing human activities in Earth orbit. Human activities in Earth orbit have less to do with exploration and more to do with international commitments, as in the case of the Space Station, and prestige and technological development, as in the case of China and Russia. There are also research opportunities, not fully recognized even after 40 years, that exploit the opportunities presented by being in Earth orbit.

Space Colonization• Exploration is only human space travel --- robotic missions aren’t topical• Wright 8 (Edward, Project Manager – Teachers in Space, Former President – X-Rocket, LLC, and Programming Writer – Microsoft

Corporation, Comment on “A Move Against ‘Mars Mission Funding’”, Space Politics, 6-28, http://www.spacepolitics.com/2006/06/28/a-move-against-mars-mission-funding/)

> No it doesn’t, the article showed democratic support for further unmanned mars missions?

Unmanned missions are not exploration, they are merely reconnaissance. The dictionary defines exploration as “travel for purposes of discovery.” Sitting in a control room looking at pictures of Mars on a TV set is not exploration because it does not involve travel.

Calling unmanned space “exploration” and unmanned probes “spaceships” is just an attempt to co-opt the language.

Mark further confuses the issue by defined “space exploration” to mean only missions conducted by NASA, ignoring the fact that the private sector is also working on space exploration.

Space Development

Space development must utilize resources and must engage the private sector.

Thomas 11 (J. Thomas. – aerospace physicist and space development researcher. “Obama’s 2011 State of the Union – A response from Space”. http://www.jthomasmedia.com/blog/2011/02/09/2011-state-union-response-space/)

However, the Sputnik Moment metaphor is a suitable reference for his broader point. The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union heralded to the world that circumstances had suddenly, and very seriously, changed. Little did we know just what was really in store for us! While I agree that we are again facing just such circumstances, I also think we are

making a huge mistake by not including space development as a major part of the solution. By space development I mean the development of significant infrastructure that can be leveraged by private industry for the expansion of the human sphere and the accessing of the effectively infinite resources of the solar system and beyond for the purpose of improving the human condition.

History of utilizing space

History of Space Development

• Always been a part of historical societies.

• 1915 – United States created National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) – to keep up with competitors.

• 1958 – Space Act – (National Aeronautics and Space Act). Eisenhower was responsible for this Act.

Space Race

• 1957 – Sputnik. Soviet Satellite • 1958 – Explorer 1 U.S. Satellite• Apollo Program – Get to the Moon! • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project• Strategic Defense Initiative – Reagan

Indirect Effects

• Increases in STEM movement • Environmental Movement• Exploratory missions

International Players

• ESA – European space agency • Japan – Japan Aerospace Exploration

Agency (JAXA)• Russia – Russian Federal Space

Agency• Canadian Space Agency• China - China National Sapace

Administration

International Space Station

• 1998 started being composed. In the 2020s it will be out of operation.

• Research and Exploration facility • Total Cost $160 Billion• Space Cooperation and

Multilateralism • Possible Aff?

Spin-offs “What do ceramic teeth braces, artificial hearts, airbags, insulin

pumps and Olympics-caliber swimsuits have in common? Answer: they originated in space. All these gadgets and hundreds more are spinoffs from technologies developed for the multi-billion-dollar space programs that kicked into high gear 50 years ago when Yuri Gagarin became the first human catapulted into orbit.

Many of these offshoots began with a quest by American, Soviet and European engineers for materials that could perform new tasks or withstand extreme temperatures, cosmic rays and the stresses of high or zero gravity. So-called memory metals, for example, that flex and recover their shape in response to heat are used for shower valves to prevent scalding, surgical staples and tubing for reinforcing arteries called stents. Sharper-than-steel scalpels, medical implants and even performance-enhancing golf clubs -- stronger than titanium as elastic as plastic -- are today derived from a related class of space-age alloys called liquid metals.

Likewise the flexible wire rims of your sunglasses... which may

also feature a glass coating, developed to protect astronauts' eyes from glint and glare.” – Discovery News

U.S. Military in Space

- Protecting space assets.- Dual Use capabilities - Deterring other competitors - “Defensive” capabilities – Space

Based Missile Defense- Intelligence, Spying

Space-Based Missile Defense

Space Colonization

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh9gVvZZUO8

Obama and NASA

• Cancellation of the Bush Constellation Program.

• What is the constellation program you ask? - Returning to the moon - Building new shuttles to carry

astronauts in space. Now reliant on the Soyuz

Russian shuttle.

New plan? What is the new vision?Mars, and an Asteriod. And………

Privatization!

• Commercial launches. Private companies like SpaceX now appear like they will be building the next shuttles that get into space.

• Too quick? Too Much?

• \

Possible Aff Areas

Asteroids!

• Mapping

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBsyQ8Gli_Q

• Mining - Resources – hydrogen, helium,

nickel, iron, and magnesium.

SETI

• The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence

Space Debris

• “Space Situational Awareness”

• Multilateralism

Multilateral initiatives

- Allowing our space technology to export to other countries

- Signing on to joint initiatives (ISS) is one example.

Space Military Dominance• Dolman 05 (Everett C. Dolman – Associate Professor of Comparative Military

Studies. U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies. “U.S. Military Transformation and Weapons in Space”. September 14, 2005. http://www.e-parl.net/pages/space_hearing_images/ConfPaper%20Dolman%20US%20Military%20Transform%20&%20Space.pdf)

• Seizing the initiative and securing low-Earth orbit now, while the US is unchallenged in space, would do much to stabilize the international system and prevent an arms race is space. From low-Earth orbit (LEO), the enhanced ability to deny any attempt by another nation to place military assets in space, or to readily engage and destroy terrestrial ASAT capacity, makes the possibility of large scale space war and or military space races less likely, not more. Why would a state expend the effort to compete in space with a superpower that has the extraordinary advantage of holding securely the highest ground at the top of the gravity well? So long as the controlling state demonstrates a capacity and a will to use force to defend its position, in effect expending a small amount of violence as needed to prevent a greater conflagration in the future, the likelihood of a future war in space is remote. Moreover, if the US were willing to deploy and use a military space force that maintained effective control of space, and did so in a way that was perceived as tough, non-arbitrary, and efficient, such an action would serve to discourage competing states from fielding opposing systems. Should the US use its advantage to police the heavens (assuming the entire cost on its own), and allow unhindered peaceful use of space by any and all nations for economic and scientific development, over time its control of LEO could be viewed as a global asset and a public good. Much in the manner that the British maintained control of the high seas, enforcing international norms of innocent passage and property rights , the US could prepare outer space for a long-overdue burst of economic expansion.

Nuclear Power in Space

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8qWeSTZWHw