soviet foreign policy and the world revolution

7/29/2019 Soviet Foreign Policy and the World Revolution

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"SOVIET F G i E I G NP5:ICY AND THE


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.cE M.I

Soviet Foreign Policy andBy Jd r Lovatone .I;'....

ta 1' . aCONE

What's Behind Soviet Foreign Poiicy?'

Why the problem of S h t odgnpol-fep ha~l een provoldag eo much-asrcbing and w - r e h g in th* la-bor mov%memt ia ~ l t ldmtmdabkXem io aquw which mIfiofe theinbma#onaI dtu&m h ll ih pphanesand mplicat ione: the trawitory rela-timahip ktween the U . B $ S d heCII~World, the anhgonlems amongthe hqdah t pwem, the eomp1sxitieeof the shggle of the Internatfonal work-ing dam and the oppmwd poplea.19everrrl reant d d o p m e n h of pammount import b v e onlam r d e d the

dtd ~~a of this problem. T h mam: change of policy towamla the rM e t Union by &e U.9. p v amme a ~ tthe laat of the major p m ~ropnon~-gnitlon as a method of exprew-ing fb&appropel af the B o d e Itepub-wgramfad menaee of an at-tnck again& the W t nion thm theopcm M v e ru preparstirme of Jmpan and tHe German-POWbloc; the re-mrukble pro- achieved by the U.8.aa.h s o w s t coutrn&on; the con-aegpentl~mhaneed economic power sndrrr i l f t ary~acydthehv i~ tar l !Ah lgit to plar a new role in world affaim( emby into the League of Natiom,-hd& pact of muW -a),nd B e contfnued gmve drh inthe -mi& I n a t i dIt Q in w!4 hatimr thatM e t iplormreymaat b d d ,hat0ovbt foreigtl poky mwt ba mted.It is t hhbdrgmand oP events t h a t hc a d =me douo -mfnded bm&-dents of W e t &air# to ware, whatappe*rs to them, the iouowing para-dox: 'why if l k t tbat th e Bnesian Bd-b , * w f t h t h a i r ~ o i ~ ~ent period aa one of war8 rmd d o -

* odd,e-- mdt *strung dedre to pmlong ta qdibdmmof geaoe and t o stop wart" Tiah 4-trued o o ~ o n d e n tpidemtty c d d notaomprehd themarked CQU-&a Yay Day manif- of the Comb+ternaadastaWnmtbyMetAmIms-d o r Pobmkh h P d n arOiagan Em%ern paat fo* peace.T h e c o * p % ~ ~ t h a ~of ammko thiswhole quemtion isbroaghthome to ua in the followingmmark~ gRoi. Edgar S. Pbmlus: T o m d d awith a capitslist shb a pact that t uamuch liloe sn old+QIe milibmympmsenb a complete r evam4 of &aoriginal B o I s h ~ t d g n gollcy au de-dvad fmm &a kmab d e c r m m d w ~ ~mmmt -ow, May lM). mm, inthe same vein, Mrme ~ - a c b o w ~"prim redn*'' (Trobwka) mixmama with their "ad*" and #m-dwnn Soviet fomiga p o w ~II11-betrayal of the world mvolntfon. 0-~ e o e n t l y c o a ~ ~ammaalam to S o d a l - I ) m n widly bitter ag- the ComlmmMMts of the soviet Udoh (C.P.S.U*)time the w.s.i3z. skmdly ntafm klmEonflfct be- im-t powem fardelnging or avoiding aggmsbn a&mtthe Soviet Union. Of cw*ee,nating ameh mdgmut ~~, we owe m g ~ a t r r ~ m t h a t h m a t & ,eonrrmcdve critic= of we iho f B o v i e t f ~ p o l i c y i a t h e ~ d&ewor l r er sLmdemmhgdabe ,k8ppm-b andToo m y d r n fore@

.bBttlct,. I d k i n a - -f o r t h e ~ ~ d t lU W , oo mpnp- a e i k


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-poUeym*---El& dipIombr the oior &ia C o n c l ~f d i mmmlwdd or d* *tie& 89cbM 8pp& 'b i nsdwb , bfdm from b e g h i q to end. To tlms ~ l e -mgd~ - t , tlseu. aU.,npormded by a world of Prnemies,fmmhaa dwaya been only them ~ s dp P r am e d b y f h e p r 0 -letarimdbhhmblp In iCB mlations witbh p d d h t and aw-Soviet comtrie~.VieWedhthlsIIghC Swie t fodgn pol-i g aaaot ba impdallat; it hvolvean o t l k bat the atrategy of finding themo& &eetive m a 1 ib inter-govern-went mlatfom for the p u m f mar-h g the defame and strengthening of theM t mion aa a proletarian a t a h and,&Mom, the baae of the interns-- ovement, the haw of thewodd l W 0 1 n ~Tbua we muat realhe m axiomatic thef ~ ~ :

I. Due to the fact that the proletar-8rb has not get won power in any corn-bph tMsh, the working c h overn.of the UB.B.& must reckon onat and having economic andM U e d relationswith the capitalistd-W elaese& The protraction of thia&wt~ the proletariat of some otherwm-s take power ia conducive ta them a h h m c e of pow= in the hands oftb victorio~ ection of the In-Wnathd movement (the R d a n ) .. i he Soviet Union must utilim andwt &a ~ ~ n c e among &e imcl~dal ia t owers in the interest d thepmlehrh power* eapciauy because itb mmounded by a world of enemies.8. The && form of the capitalist ml-fnp elarre damhating any partic11Isrcoun-

&a not debmine ita relationswithtbe bde t Union or the policy d heWddX it. Itds, with its Fas-t& fmn of capihliat dictatortship, waed o n g tbe b t o eatabliah normal rela-t h e with tbe M e t Union. The Bri-

bDwwiEi9, with fts conntitutionai-Y, not among the Arst. TheIT i%,ith tb anuch-vaunted republicanBP- Of capftam *be pw e r , wsa, m-aw ,b O P P ~ves totSle Soviet BegubHc.'Paw &kt nor doee t6e iormeE 'aplwwstab &hmh e the fmign- ~ . a p - a t ' g o v e r m n e a f

t o q o t h a f . Itinthetxanmicdpo-liw intensh, 46r dm cum-that are d e d n h It i8 not improbablethat the mxt war wil l be foughti hename oi lde~nwr* again& Fsedrtm--or of %acew against war. It ia f u ~themore probable ehot amongst tke bestbombins planes on the dde of capiWtdemocraes will be Mmeolini's 8&-mas. In the we lw o f the c o n w ofeconomic and political interests the ex-act form of the capitafist dietatomhipdoes not count, ia immaterial. Obvio*,the Soviet government, in ite reIat40llswith capitalist powera, cannot fail toh e eality-.& not baae its relatiom 1on the non&WL4. ~n arm~lating olieiea ~nt . im-eign rehtions the Soviet government ,Imust mart to c o m b d a p t a t i d -jwhent and ~eadjusttnent-h the cnn-mete conditiom prevailing at any par-~~ moment. Capitalist pmara%endly" ta the Soviet Union yestepday sre potentially ita sworn enemies oftomorrow. And its active aemies ofyearterday may become the passive andunreliable friends d today, tomorrowor the day &r tamomowl6. The economic andmilitary8trengthof the Soviet Union, at any particularmmmk in comparison with the em-nomJc and military 8- or wearhesaof &a capitalist powem involved, deter-minea the character of the tr-tiear theU.S.S.B. is able to secure with its W dfriends or ita fiery fw.Measured with these gmd&ckar, it hnot M t o goage accurately thechange of German bourgeois policy to-ward8 the Soviet Union, from the friend-ly dam of ILapaUo to the hostile daysof Hitler; the turn h American pokyfrom W h n ' s military hkmenion bRoMM%elV8 -0gdti011; the reeatchaage of fmnt by ]Pr-e and Cmho-Slwakh, from milihuy intemention toeaal the hht~w f W e t foreign policymoy be at18*:1. Firat came the era of military in-hwantlmt laatlag appmximrbely froml $ l T to l9ea Theae- k e w h thedaya of open, fmncal mohtimmy


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SOVlET FOREIGN POLICY AND WO- 3EVOLUTIbNof rariom mlmM6a (Baltic Statw, h v --, H~tmgarg, taly,a).t&ia h o msjw power acmrdd da#tmior de fa& zecodtim to theBdet gmmmmL Eat- mrt ofb W k e t h e i E e b y ~ ~ e ~ ~ o fT* wltb the lovfet aepobk

8 . The ptiod of nepotiatha and m-ogaftion d b r the Budan proletwht,with tbe aid of thr labor moveinant laWetztarn h p e , ad defeated the WhiteG u d a and their foreign alties in thearmiea of inkmention, The gears 192%1928 w5hmed the xecogdtiun of theSoviets by most of the big capitaliiPtpowam after prolonged negotiation&The Traty of Tartn, the basis of whichwas laid down by Lab, aamd rur themadd for the Bobhwik g o v emm~ l l tI whole Beries oi dipI~maticdjB-culties and ruptures featured the U.&S.R. foreign re.latiom during 1927-1982.The mlat ions with U m t BritPin, F%mce,Japan, Chag-tswfiin, Rommnh,Chi-KaibShek were comiB~lg.bly&rained. Xnthe wmmer of 1927 fhe Soviet Unionwas pexiloudy near war, dangewoelg.near b h g attacked by Potawl, Bw-mania, and the other W e y ~f Fmch4 ritish imperialism In tbePied8m the soviat gowmment remrtad taf d g n policy aiming to achievefor tha proletarian s h t e thru negoh-tiona with the p m dhg to non-e o n , mn-inbwemthn, and neu-

hw. The-&-&f&e mfIihry pmpsmtimm waw 'tbreal force behind oiSoviet diplomstrr n W&m &oqra d&aillea *tb-4. Since them the U.&&@, hm-aperf~obhbh-*aadPraw;esehibfQm@A&w%3eLrole in tba 3aw *w d nd mpid a&

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merits aniM~ntlytot h * * h e B q %Sovi*The politicat and econtlndcb tm e n he U.8.m. and otbar

are agmemmta ntiligea by,the * teg~ employed by * ._waion, aa 8 gwammcmt, for thef-of shng&mhg ib 3nte=tb4l M-don against attack by a -lewrmtry m bloc d m p d a b t

-L. CHAPmETWOh v i e tDiplomacyAt Worlr ,

Thmughont the various 0-8 of itsfa* policy the U8.S.R. baa ptmneda corn-t eo- in which we find cer-tain "red thfeadsSr, a t e guiding linea.BrMly statd th- me:1. To maintain and consolidate the p+eIW nnd to &end the prestige gadiaiIwme of tbe Sod& Union m thehaw of the international pro leh rh rev-olrrdo~ Givem the --bpek ofW w a r wave of prole& m01uWmiIn Waatern Eut.ol)e, there waa but thef o ~ c o e r s epeat0 ~ v i e t o r i ~~ l m k b g c l M c T B e ~of the pmdga of &e 1IBA.R in theeyw OF the in-t fd warktng C h M

and of the op- colomial maw#,T h i a ~ d , O f C ~ b etbnl allowing pmtjEIJ d t s , ilmfi-c a n t ~ ~ . mat home and tk u abk l ng fear and re-a p e c t h ~ & e l u m b d h t b ~aemiea abroad. In&&IM be h v -iet Union as an .s aninrpixstian, b the hbmadonal mo-l u t i o n a n d a r r ~ d b d d o B ~ ~porrerona .rror lddLTbeUS.~smrhiWslancSmrr.t* t o ~*max imma '%ma th -~ ~ " t w a d s d f o F ~ * a n dd a & h e d w t b e d . l a d *P O d ~ ~ r r o n b S t -


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, .L Jm'mT:mmGHP o r n

* lt * wed Polish h d a u a m+@&bgm~rrrpeddmle. I t h a a mJwb & &vi& Union, wh* it~ f a w i m ! d " ' t h e ~ ~.@sh at om time or with the &innana&dlatatmdm.4, -rue 3 the aham conflicts, Im-&mad lhe m t e aabgmim amongbhb W a l i s t powem, the & d e t Untan

-1 a h d d aid mmt, nt one tlnw'wmtlm coma togethelrwid3 one ormorsd here countries to4 f f attack-&her& 'mw, the &vie Union e mham, tagetber with cmn t r i wa&am moment or a-, common ambl a b b a t n o t e o m m o n i n ~ .For-~ ~ O l l f a n e e s a m ~ . m l l i -and limiW to d e f a Thy aren o t f l w l & e d a w m b e s e d ammimn inkmesh.The present r4dadon of the &mi&U ~ b ~ , w m i n m f a r a 8 m f l i -t m y ~ Q ~ e d , Q ~ ~aUar ~~l with the rektimmhip tbBodeit U n b once hd, ia the days ofI a i B rrnd lhb lw, with &e WsfmrrRep* of kmmny. At that timeb ook glace an axchange of miH-tecbddana, -em a dose W D ~ta@w of both geraeral daHk No onet b m dowdy questioned the great ad-* ea@ by the U.S.S.B in weh0pIMmWon wlth the i m pw& ovemm811t. Twlay, the 8ituatknlh a hnaged only ia form. Thewhbora-%u ia now takixrg glace between theu.$.RJLa d the Fmmh Republic in-&@of Weimar &public. Today, aekbn, a8 h i e t Union doen not have* mme obje&v#m as ib cohbomtor.h a e ~ 0 f ~ m i l i ~ U n ~ -~ ~ t h e W ~ R e r p u M f e t h e ~ -bt wrdoa m h t o make impomibh.an~ ~ i ~ ~ * g b g b ~ t h em m d t b m ~ : h t f n t l l b ~ . t h ewtocalls-~ ~ ~ t h I n . 1 -

lmwa with the U.WSJt., C~ Q u 8 m n B t o w l n a ~ p a e Eson for a efeated Gsrmaa impdd-Ism against tbs *zlonn impd a b tpowera. Today, duu tb anrrman aith~ * t b e ~ l r r e ~b- Qemraa -t4 W a b t tbk wtory ; btlt &eMbonzgaoIal:e how, through tbs Fmncu-h v i e t pad dmutdapsistanOa,notmlyto ba a l e ta defend what they ham woni n ~ f a B t ~ b m t ~ , i i ~ l e , p mYant the mmlrrma of the G8mtm fm-w - m mL M a t foxBIpII policy* n umeamre, on a mmbt Iy* &rrnce of power and r s l s hPsrfmla capitatid c w m . Tbe S m MGowmnlmt ia p r a p d b 8tgn non-p c b , or mutrtP1 amhktcapaas, with U P Em- porrerr,lu' 08y for ten yeare, rltb,& whueaignjng it, the pmIetariur gowxnm-tbmws very well that theae @ mayl.etor&tenmonfbeortarn&Mev-er do We t !d i p h t s harbor m y Klu-d a n n a s b t h e ~ l i f e o f ~migwdd-b. Newr dm8* sw-let GoPefnm~llt,In signing trestk , t l l l t e r i n t a m ~ t f a ~o f o n e i m ~ w w e r ~ s n o t l m .auch non-ag&m am&&xed by tbe Smkt to all i m m~ ~ o i t b e o l l i l i t t- bat the SQvM g5Yem-merit ia trying b get out of weq h-@d i n t power f the Inoat a e c t hpledge and gttarsntm amhit attack*math how lit& d u e much gaaf~nWsmay have. Heme, the much-wtedErrstern Pact ai p o n - a g ~ o n arr of-f e d to mee sad am t lmq sfinrtl--7. It k h t he EmtearP a c t i a n o t a n ~ w f t bagd& - 8 by bhsU.S.S.I1. to hake more dUcdt or topmvmh either or both of them hpst -id s t pow= froma the U . 8 . aS. The &a* of M e t oreignpl-icy, while uk&lw th- didaiomam~wtthe Imp- b notbased on these dbhiom~ ra definite wfiaal. At any moment any i m p d a h tpower, regardew of whahwar treatJr itmhy happen to hv0 with dm U*S.S.Emar tnzn again& the U.SAlB. md jobh a n d 8 w f t h f t a o w n ~ ~~ U ~ ~


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mmT rn3CEION mum& t d W p o ~ L I ~ * ~ a ~ trddfess wore theM xentheM t h m af the Soviet Govmnmembv w MY enp- th wbg andw ~ o r ef l d l dddma amonplt the-t munw . Ha safd in part:

"But w ,appi- a t a h atany or evefg ttme or dwwa, desll*ewar to th e t . y , event h e ~ i m ~ s t * t g , a t ~ g i v -em t tm e ,m a a - . ~ l ~ p a d i -& Th i . h a ppmwhaP i t h e i h rsuffered a deieat hwax, pnd, &er&fom& b ef o re f t canhmady foram*par ,or when it baa ao an- a fari more powerial Shte or monp ofStrtea and the polithd dt-o a t h b nufavoble; ox it may hap-

I M- with dd811 aad ~0nq-i d ~ a c e r t a i u @ a d o f t i m efor th amidlation of theme eon-I H ~ w e h a v e t h e ~ o i t h e g r s a -

I niat l l ldntuh that any cnpbu8t v-smmmt will m a i n forever, or for a n ~gmat length of time, for that matter,padfiak Thowh FrPaee and E n p VI a m t o d a y l ~ ~ t b a n L ~I w ,t d m not mean &at they areI leslr imperialid. It a b pb means thatat tha moment they (France and Eng-land) a m not adow for war becawthey have their WBSm morewapat;hanona Germanyis,*tthemo-I ment, mom ballicole ~ U M -t hand an opportunity tOmt back someof the loot the other phmdersre took

' ho rnhe r i n t h e l a a twa r .7. T h e S d e t fafeign diphmab srapedectly honeat when they pledge n w -hhdermce, in the intamid affairs offorem countries wbich have e~tabliahedW m n wi& tbe t f . S . SP . In the pre*emt situation it ia the So* UqIm, witha world oi ~nemie.0agsht it, that hasmost ta gain fmm wteb reciprocal pledg-ap of non-inMenca in in- af-iaim The M e t Union has strffered- for years thra such interference by for-eign powere in ICB inkmid affair^; form p l e , tbe y em of fo- militarpiukveutIon inh i a fter heWaa cmdndd. OM118b in mch agree-ments form u w nw-itIt&eml# in thsit i. tha U.8.BB. rh3&

tOdBy tlm U.8B-R %I tw$ , ;Y e t ~ 4 u K i c h b l l b t * d f ~ ,iap. Tf my m-w ia ap-dbau f f i d ~ t b e l S o o l e tUn i a n 4bm t ~d t t r n k s t i n ~ f a r f r o m * .,'Biatanee,*nd&fdgnd m The hiaviet union U d a6e t , m a e h i f i s r g , f e - y b

. I IWM311 enable the U.S.s.R toH 4thaw& andtofa&taG#pma&h ' ~ ~ 0 1 1 a r s a f t a np&le wrlt out norm4 diplonmth .20 m . B W e b o v e t h e ~ m B -aon for * soviet t 3wamu& u q k - . r 'hg eompleh nard, de e o a d HdatIom with the 0 t h emn-M a9. !&e -gtb d the Bmi.t U h 5i te htemational reI&iona, thetige of the U d S Z in ib fordm pol- Cicy, is due p-y and 43metb pro;portional to it s own treonomie d W*tical power. Onlp r e e o n d d b L ths #pmstige of tbe U . 8 5 a in ia-wd ~ a f r s d ~ l t O t b e ~ ~*OM amow the imperidht ,ItiaintheeonsiatentgPrsaitoftlmea h v e lineal of &a- that tbe soy-iet govemm~mt am, from tha--aye of its &&ace, followed aons peace p o w . To acblmm1beprolehrhn republic has, at hPdto make cmcedons d aAs the Soviet power bemee,the c o n c e a a i o n s . ~ ~mpm* becams 1smaller. h Z n t b i e ~ w w a a n o t ahad r e v o l u ~ ~- e dmd tb8Brmt-Wtavalr Treatp wbsn he dfd,Thbwan the SoPiet'rrmomat d worst weak- .ness and,M m , he fm the-g d ib moathd~awTrotsky wes thea mot a W k d u -~ t h m # a o f b i a ~ t i o n ~ t b ea l g n f n p a f ~ ~ t r e a t p .o h e~ d t o 4b cmual impmwm at the *mwouldw spelled d d d e foa ths 03w-ietgwemmmt beit&'f-t&%bR


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I mVIET FOREIGN POWCY~ m d b ~ a t ~ L i i w o l r c o n -wmbd subtanmy- he 1abmdmatothewhf teaCartafnlyStdhknotabetter-~ ~ t h a n w a s ~ ~ h e ~not &n a l l d l d w d h g -ti= today.Be d m ' tk o do so. Today theu.8Aa.b far mom pm&nL Lenh

was compllfd b treaties gi*away, while $talin ia e y n a m-t r o m b u i g n t r e 9 t i % s p l ~ @ -p a f f e a m t f o b w .--!me sodat gwanlmmt aamd l y de-d m k t md to appear aa theEb r rm g i om d ~ i n t h e e ym o f t b eThb ot t ihde fS rwtd in tlwmtf-immlht- f tbe probtadan dlc&~tornldp.Th U.6S.k doeadt~ I y t a I l t ~ f n t h e ~ ~-r ita being differat from* c o r m ~ i n p d c & HmmtbeU.S,S.E hm, fa tbe intemst of w ,oftea stood for lots of provoCutiQm8dI l u W l l b i r O m i a r d a r m W M -maWba r t h e g pp3 a g en~~ f o r t h eem&watIoa of &vieit dipbrnatuh ~ f o m a r d w f t h t h e m o e t ~t k ld ht - fo - rd p r o m orP peat% fm P=dmw thevan- of Note ths Sov-iet pmpsdn for ~~t .ad itsMmftim of snm r ,

TtdB &tie approach dmmcter-h a the d t u d e of the U8P.E. to-wanb the V d h TheWt-ant wi l l not J& a war or en-t s r m p ~ w I t b i m ~ ~f@rCB werthrow. Lhw i a e , the w t swmno t ~ t ow a r o r s i g n t r n g p a e t ato prea%rmr the Yemillea -. Asa working elm government the U.IJ.8.Eh ~ i B ~ ~ n ~ e r ~ f & & h a w a y u o i g e t -

lrid of mch montrow -ti-* lw re~h- pmletarb meth-od# wbteh mmt to the mrap heap the3 r d Urn& Treaty. That ie wby theW t mrnment mn rdmnltPneouarSnuke c d a h -enh with p w -m% l a c b e r k to aad opposed to the Ver-mill811 pwt. That is why in #a verymtw of &a =t nego*tima with~ ~ ~ n t , t h e s O v f e t U n i o nww able to6 t an arrmgemmt* G e s m a n a ~ = = w e i o h t s ~ -~dd lammdi t fmmtbe t t t eo fmthe~ d ~ t h a ~ r p i l -w-T d w m a m & s v a r b ~ p e # a

policy of the &Vi& ChVmuMnt Ban-d t l d ~ ~ t o t h e ~ i a ~ o i t b e ad m inhmational working c b & aamm i g h t a a y : ~ 8 r e ~ ~ rd o ~ ~ f o * p 3 ? t C e ?B i t n a t h e t h p tif war comw, then mvoltlthn wi l l fol-m mgbe no+ ~ % r chapa the prioe--thrrr acktal d ~ t i m land of haman life and m~ b e m g r e a t t h a t t h e p r o -I d t fll be bled white, too aaaL tomake tbe re~olut ioa A h , t would bem W d f o l l y b d m y t h e ~ t y dbhk& mmtion M m g W g as a rsrdtofimperkliatwar*Bowmar, them a m W ay upwid ma-r o r r s w h y t h e ~ 8 n d t h e ~ o i t b shternational proletadst must sMye to~ O r p m ~ n t a a 0 1 1 ~ a b t m p e r -

idistm. Theee sre:L 80 rcoh hove h o m e tbe amtagon-i m u Among the eapi-t m k i e o &at~d snge f o i t h d rma t tuhg l n t oan

0- expIoai~11among the f m wpawem t h e m e h a csn only Im c k k e dby d t y amhat a common foe, O bpfoud~, aeh a common foe orrty theU.8.lg. d d e. IT- we tad tbscornemtone of Hitlsr'n strsteop. TheN e a I ~ i a s e e k i n g w o r l d ~mow far German impddisrn thm pbc-iag Germaay at th% head d a worldcoalition of impdaht govemmembafmbt the lgovlet Union Should Eit=Xer m d n bls stram, tlte life ofthe Soviet Union woald be at stabe, tbsconbdktiom among &e, imprhliltpowem thwdw mom e a t d y d k m dth9 Srpense of the ~F018-t h BUS-uiaandattbe%~rpeneeofthehbrmovpm a t in aIl comtxie~ Fortunately, theU8.S.E. hm so far bsen able, Wth *ehelp of the pmmure of tBe labor mopbmentsr in the various capdkdht h d ~ ,o0ntmaaePver Hitler.Z. Thin, SGkMSt eollsmcth ill *soviet Unioa haa atready madled thatahgeiawhiEhthedmcult i6amasnon the Way Qfb b g o v ~ e - b u t notyetfdlyovercorn~~ h i sbavmyU-cab momerat h wMeh theof yeam COWm da tmred in a waras if owmight. At thb e b f themad,& thin d d v e momemt la the cmt-p l e d o n o i t h e ~ ~ ~ d . 0 d d i . tm m h c t h In the U.S&E, ianot only in the tnbmt of *~ t p w ~ t b u t i n ~


8/31

Debtding Some C r i t b Of The Soviets iS O h r w e h a v e ~ ' Jd th e f undaG a t o o g m i t a a r i e t p f o r m m a k tmenEal feattuerr d um c t d d n g the for- the of the wmld mduth,policy of the U.BS.R from the days am @ P O ~ W6~mrPrlten Imh wsa ib berrt head, Tram Soviet Union bar the prerrent bade&

t t l r n o ~ ~ m w t h , t h m t h e p n r ~ ~ ~ . C P S I J ,eat d q w h tab is its fkmest hmA confessed a l t r a - m o 1 u t i ~mabWmINow, let uu turn tO an examination of mema giving ap the Comhtem, pzbthe caae made again& Swiet f- 811ppoms artnmnnt Maas3 to r&dwpblcyby ita opponents. Tbia itdkhnmt armed aid h the proletariat atd dm-ewemtlallg mas along the i o l l d fal massea hhabithg ime-sf*tbed tbeI-: earth, The h-ta of tfme 8wid Union1. The &mmdat Party of the Soviet am in oonflict and incornpatwe with &aUnion is eagagcd In an ~ c o n t m h rive la-ta of the internauonal-at horn b build soefabm m &e USSR kt, amording to the^d-T h b g o l r c p o f b d d h g H ~ i n o n e ~ h e - h m o f d &counWDe themmm tme of W e t or- of confadm and calumny mastM-eign poky and speIls diafntereatedneas Iy wme to ht one cmcltmion: The U&in and neglect of the world mmhtion. 813 and its foreign policy are w h o p a ,2, fn ita &orb ta achieve past cure, pad h a . " Ehm, Peamethis gOd the usm hm been dtivea B-8yI ae ldW ob & Independ-resort to a m - u p in p r d d o n , the a t Labor Ptvty of d m p 1 ' .stimulation of competition among indiv- , Soviet foreign policy in UII aManidnab, and the fostering of i n q d i ~ e a "Ruwia d m not w w t mr. !%at,3n Soviet md-. Woree thm that, cry one widemtan+. Btrt sp-thew critics, tb Soviets are therdom position to im- mm~& not bebent on developing and inbrmifyhg com- budfiead even the ih- aLWmercial relatIona with capitdht powem. A" (Mew Leuder, LW&, Ztma IT;In the same breath these ca lda tam 1934.) Bmdmw, to &-Ma &In-of the motives of Soviet foreign policy plaint. ades th9 -ori3nd tne Bovieta mil* of what apgeara in 3 %wfWamt o t h s m a n a b ~ t ~ ~ enthewanofmxkhg kt k m e d-mffhient. On % T h e i i r i a h ~ N m i m m a a t e '%this limb, tbey -9, the Ifam is dwmgthaw d * ie - * '#'W bo be e u f f d h m a wertk- B&ht ewt 7 :~ p a u c p i n f ~ ~ ~ i r o m~ t s t b e t 3 e n o i. .


9/31

10 SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY

*-arn dhphpt kt every turn; Mr.Men%eand the stwins of the National hn-Wm w m r e w&. H U n viola-w h o l e r r p ~ t v f ~ ~W w fRder, hndon, Apd.,klMqmnphw& mm).Tohoe completd hfs hmribb pkbm. : o i ~ . s r a s * ~ s b ~ n o tb hat Mr. Edent o ~ t o f b e

Iacfdeatalty,tbat whtte~e r ~onsa f t h emm,*- (5*eorse v, pal-% ns mdhg of tlre C.P. ofQ a , ~ ~ t h e s a m a ~ G e o n wand *w &moW*lkn wdmt& a ~ J * u f m n a v s r # @d~ , ~ @ f ~ B z ' o l e e t r t o r s ~t m 6 ~ t s " ~ O I t h e m ~lmhYbmhEBialsegrrmairre,~mn-clmded uiatl m s e mom * u.s.8.Esbugtbm '.IEs i-mal peaition,t b e ~ b m mM t h s r f i t b h m t b e&viet gmemmmt and the htemaWn-a1 stm&an (Newm b h . NoPBrnImrI n o t h s r w o r d s l i b e ~the the salrer 3n-of the. USSIt, theIoserHkkhmi b between ttbe M g o r -mmmemtlrhd tbe inhmatrondm--my mavhBtlt. What h bd policywould ,& fqr the htmmtIonal labormowme& arit ohlous: otrtripht d-soviet o*tT~n&It I*- Q d m he grombdh id bh tba @smashout 3 the a+mom- d m o d m n whicht 8eT *obb ikU*gwfk h t mf a u 3 ~ p ~ a t t q ~ w r""r" '"".= h w& wMw ryearn 0 r . t b r e ~ d f b e c l ~ t ~ i d -b = W

L L . t

..,

'. , -, .

, .8 ,

# l k d h mwt never h d k b h,@mit?+f&b. DmWg thrrm dmm't -th#a. , - ,By * ay, Trotsky rdnd a,'-ba .the Ipst; onen to 0 *.. -

. ,


10/31

"ll, far ~ d e ,he llwg 3& d e t - u - W - il m , t h a ~ o t h C . & ~&i&mtlr, m,m b i W bp the would be @te Wetrank h*~ b n e n t l l e m d v u i a t t b e ~ p i -, did mo tb. be E- .tbe Idemhip, ia now to P- was forced to mmkeworm an upside down opemdm BuEh ~ ~ ~ ~ t e te t h a n rev01utiomry pglhh are ~ ~ ~ t h e ~ i tWmpdmipted and mbm. Tbey are d b demamdthetempocdthetpbed Odv ba f a c i h d ~ ~ % I b S ~ d ~ t i o l hdVim -: ~~and merit only t l ~ m d f u londemnntion suffered by the proletariat of W&bar every e lm d u n o r k . h p a *g 1019 and Ifm fn-Tbe -a t that the Ooviet Govarn- f l d t h e ~ o b o f t b e w ~ .- t ah and slowed d m lWt a m p o i n I I d r r . Itioo*o-f**-. T h e - t i e B o f t h e ~w e t g0v-t had W aKe&on all o h arties; g a d ightfor emmcipatim of &

*ar l i k e 6 iafinanw orrriatern Enlarged Exe~?uhCommittee-ions fn Febmary-Mamh 1922. Atthis time the French, Italian,md S p a -Sah C o m m d partj6Sy delegadma de-no& the adoption of tmiM h n tb-tb by *e CL X .m d eb am charged Ltus8km Party which Is the l d h gWt meh h t i d t e d mnt d o n s by partJr fn Comintern, wPn.mmwcomtmmist parties with Sdd h o - them for ita own,egoi&icmatic p& and o r g d z & o - ~ T o m a i n t a i n t h i s i a ~ a M d m ~dictated by Wl of fo- pol- Omintern It iu I m w p wn-icy, Speaking for the French Mega-

ceive thmt the htemlta d.*~un,Momnolaseean said in part: h n p o w w u e n o C ~ r r i t h ~Interestsof the entire p w u'Why do we n d united froat R w s h ~volutionaa w d l aa thenow? 3etatm the revolution i~ srrr- f ~ W g 1 ~ p i t h e ~ E w c u u hrounded by a world of d e ~ ,to- F r e n c h w o r h a f f e c t t l m n e f f ~

Lakd and cannot wntinne to exist far- t h ; he Rus~ianmht im Ijpom mever in wch a ho* world wlthont k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I t h i n h l &the help of the intanmtional proletar- 8kugde Of ~~ proleh&tht . . Since the Eusaian nrvolutiw haaW of greater aignf&caaoe t ha~m t ely npon the hypomais of the fhatofatkrcmntri~aBat-em-world revolution nor on the effee~va not maintain thak &a Oo&nhm isforeee of the Communist Irkernation- ~ ~ p o l i e s

'd, t fa conatantlp see- W- &e work- mwmmaht Tomanta. It ia no longer b e n t 2 9 r r m e ~ a s ~ a ~ g a e ~ t h eintarnationat nmolution bat i~ d 8 ~ ~ f t h 4 +Maad t h e ' p I R o - a n b -m d nly with the preemation ~ I n ~ ~ ~ s n d i ~ t o f aof the fruits of the Rnmb i MU- t b r t t t h eticn. ~ ~ . . . ~ n m f o l m - a ~ P i ~ f l r & ~ ~ pi a g ~ w i t h w p f ~ . . .h k r re ideatfcal wltk thw

. . ~ m d d m u B a i e o m i n p ~ a a m l - aF thB atire lp* eLgsan


11/31

. ~ t J ~ d ! h m I h b ~ &w w . I

, , add r psragrrrph in the nt&tuba of&hbmatiOnal aeewdfngto w wmww plrty, mf enongtt to~ ~ a t a t e ~ * f B ~ma Trotre of 1988 qaik a! d W ~ t l t m g a a g % h m t h e ~ o f

I fM8l No one &odd be tempted to a&wh?tltelrharpmem~thirremtWhil8i lmmbrd,Po , , , , ,mu*mhry doEa repeat itself. Bat howtWhnn~FrenehC.P.WyemrdmppEdf h anti-tmiwh n t policy and made an8hnwt 180 degree trrm hl the oppdt8directfan, many of the earphg dtha oft h eUS sRWeked th s t ~ tUmtnar rm d e beeaorie of the needo of MetImdgn policy. They that the3&kmb of the hvk t goYmtmat fp-. npbd the CP of Franoe * wrme outfattBermiWAvlnt. O f c o p r s % ~m e m p l , only a few weeka Idomtag ttrrn by tbe &em& CP, howled thath t h e i u ~ d m t f o r e d g n p ~&e h.Bneh c o u u n ~ ere a#abt

tbe mriw front* At thiB point, it b nothpgxop&b to underhe the fact th&a Wet fdga poky taward Pkmmremaimed trnchanged whiIe the FrenchCP poky chmgd complekly. Thinddf t by the E h d ~ P to dt-. ad front tactics msa prhl&4beEaxrw ,o f~pre s suxe in i t s ran l r s'far united action with the SP to B k ntbe I t d d tide. Appamtly when clique~ i s ~ h t e d f o r a M a d a n p +

I l t I c e l * - 8 n&"U t t l ewy-0-mfdb-It is h k d t ~augh btbsrd-bi ldam* ia tbe labor d t botrldb a ~ o n * S o v i e t ~d f if iorefaapolfasumzzzzctmt for #abetber in camin- polics* The dqlmoffollyfn W a odtion am reaEhsdbpBroebay. He saym:"A furthm devdopmmt &singmm &Qi&'~ foreign policymmtbereeogmhd TbmLn o t d ythe mdmcy of &a So* men-

mpmt h modiPy ih aWt& h-wrrds tha eapitdtat-im- m-m m m k There b the bsndewey oft h e e m w t o t h e - -nbt Intematrloaal h rn- Wpo lbh fa a parallel way* In evargcotuatrJr the Cammud& Partiea a mmdamting theh p&de& InBritainthe Commmrbt Pa* b c b d y pm+ptmbg the way for a ehangcd stKtadstow& the Labor PmQ." {NewL&er, November 80, 1984).Whm the W B ae abeped H tra-leftism Bmdmsy said ib a e c t a r h pol-icy was dictated by the ofh-Mfoneign go1Eey. He &'t like theme1 M i f the CPGB. Now,WC P G B i s k g h h g t o c o r r e e t i ~ ~of a dyed-in-the-wool nW0l~tioaary odalisk h hashould m d y welcotw the ttlrn for the&in CPtacth,itabreakwithultra-M t h . However, he &iqpa ody om'CThe &d&~0-m g , me nattonaht. ThEm forefgn

golici8~amtbemahaprhgoftheta+ti- of the variom Communist partIaaHeme, gzdlesa of what the oft b e C o m m r m i f 4 t ~ d e s ~ ~ ~wmng & tldr erg romm.n We mightsddthrrttbredrahalaBmcbayWbe: Cmmunb t policies alweps havebeen m a g , pre now wrong, and d-waya d l e wpng.Coaftlsfon d o m d d fa a g a -amus &hata crbd *&p maso- t


12/31

. -m--- m-. - - m 0 L - H1 - --, . ' 1 % I. I. ~~I . I ; A BreathingSpellFor TheBow

What the opponents of kviet fomigap o w forget ia that in all n t i a l m~ -----L L n o t ~ ~ t ~~ * ~ = - t t = t b p m u d b r ~ mdamint$&-&dmyd-Bov i e tgovemmat in i~r e ta t i ~w i th - n s o r ~ @ f m y W -cmpitalist eoltllhien are i d e d d with ing to r e g m m t tb att a a e e ~ ~ t b d a y s o f ~ E e a U O r ~ a r t d ~ W r i t w d t b sare but a few ipcidenta of Bod& diplom- other coll-wthg - m oiacy to illatrate this. mtstiveS or amddm I--mQ n 1919 Iamiamt& be in- 60- w -UPS - tbh o bdtatGan bmdemd by Redent W h jeet the wrdmw of theand otbera to the Soviets to hold a con- of the other e o n t e pmty.pimam at M n H p o at which ?he v u - Artwe I with F d d # *+:i ~ R ~8 c t h a eoaM k w oat hber11,1920).U e b r d u f ~ m d e am t o a n a g r e e - "Ed... s e n k i u g l E o t ~ f ~ o m *=at with Lhtmne c a # ~he BoI- or I d port t~ etlOnr'm-~ h e ~ hccepted, tb Whib BUIW~~U h g ~ e t b e i r ~ b j e c t t h s ~ -groups r e f e d to gsrtfeipte in the eon- armed d o n against the oWm OP$-famma. Jwt abut thia time (Febm- trae&g party, the .bOHtEon ob'itaargI,910) the l3uUttMh i o f i brought political ar s d d regha ..a d a b ffer from the Soviet govern- B e m w e h a v e t h e S d e t ~m a t but it wm never conaidemi by the in Lah 'n days, making n& kbourgeois-governmen&. make mvolutionarp propa eda aad WSo -om for peace was LenIn that W aid proleMan m o h t h b t a .on May 7, Im, the W e t gov-t alongaide of pledges, som 6f #ae v a w a t so far &s to conclude a treaty maummm made by the &vW b

of w i ~eorgia This treaty pro- ment nowdays appeev mamh aaddbvided in part:"Them shall bnCEf0rth not tn3 tol- - ~ k e r n e l o f W s p o ~ b ~ Berated any military operatiom . . found in the h s h w t h a pon the territory of Gear& . . . or Lenin and T r o b k y for the iSwEetcapable- of traasformhg the k r i t o r y g&ion to the Genoa Coaimenm UB&of Georgia into r base of oprations RakowkyI until recant& an l%knz&directed sgeinat the RSFSB or Robbite, wae chairman of thb hb.aedwt its dieis, or e t he pub- mtim In ite behdf, C bMd nd&ddlie order them he dab^. .. at W m :UBmaziaundertakes not to permit UThe B~~~~on its territory the sofmrn4 e- E h a t r f n t h e p m m t b M d d &tivity of all gmups and organizations w h i d r p e m i b a p s d b l ~-ding to the POLof the gwern- o f t h e o l d s o d s l m d e r d ~ ~ment of Georgia or of any of ite o n e b e i n O h & d -

aar well afr of all ~ P Snd tion theorganmatiom wlucb have aa their ob- i n g t h e t w o ~ d ~ q

'1ject the overthmw of the government WW* *-of Georgian nomlc-.. -lh-Givm the wnditiona then at hand, a I a n d e l e g a t I o n l t 8 8 e m e h a O t b

bdtl's mahm magnifimlt and malre prop- for ib theombl.v q oon brought great d b or t&e d m b u t t o m t w @ ~ d a -Mats tfans with the gmmnmktlThe same line of atram WM prrr- Hem rn haw an '&P &a Boba med in 1920 in the treaties with Latvia ahevike to provide &a aand Polandmvi,dingin part as foUow: a program for *@WtBrtiele KV, &. WTreaB with Lat B a t i t i r r ~ 6 0 a o t e ~ w- h,A-t 11, 1980). t h e h v h t ~ ~ ~ a a


13/31

: 4u 6OVfET FOREIGN ]POLXCP AND WOBWD EtEVOGUTIONa&lmtotheesphw at&mom, theh . ~ ~iatcan liktldn, R&d8k# B u k h w-o s t ~ w *egotia* In~ w i & t b e a p o ~ o i ~ S e e -h d a a d ~ ~f o r aw o r k h g e l a e s l ~ f r o n t am h t'apiwm =tion d ts-m p w q i o ~ m omW-ag, T h e l d # ~ b a s r W a Y a d -h e d to it@v dai.tbolu re-ad ing * m-m-y oL the-an# for acts of the CommunhtIa-timL", Tk l v i I e a t e n e d e a o f ~

' U.S.S.B. hwe dwap deliberatefymgbth blur dmy thIa dbtklion of arg8m-hmd oad -tion of reaponmdwitiw.~ L ~ a n t h e b a 5 i s o f t M a d i s -that on June 4, 1028,in Trot-~srmshine*,theSoPietgopern-Illent, P itsm p o w , &-drr tEeatp w i h Englad pmidino:WOt t4 r u m with fPnds ox fnm other form, persona, or bodies,or agemdes,or h t i t u k w h m aimIn to &canten& or b orneatmlxdlion in anr pmt d the Britieb#Earpire,and to impmw upon ib of-f h m u d ~ t h e f i r l l a n d o o m -&mou obaerwmce of these candi-tfoft&'#hid,a more m@ng pledge couldmot have bean ex8ct8d. But the sovieteU w a v e P n and gainedh m e d o d y b he h U a b m m tat trade a d diplomatfc mhtiym withQreBt BrP- Tb Comintsrn Ced ib &Wj with inhatry and in-

b- 0- keem b o m b 8tod-of batamatid & a h wuld see whattb8 8oPiats ware Wm at in thesea # m m a M them3 foremm~f'8of' pmmt4iay u.s.m. maties with for-e t owere. &id Professor YalhoneW. Graham, Jr. in Ma study of "The&vlqt hmdb system,'' (pp. 12-18)pubWd nSeptember 1929:%Ioth these Bekr of agrwmemb,as w&l aa in the now hidt i c &lo-R Trading Agreemant, &erewem *td, h wuyhg de-,the pmvhm which thoughtePnantrsri to her miIitars sm r iWag8irwt r m w w d of aggrednne fromoertain By d i f f ~ t l yvad.0- *, m*

l n o p e n o r ~ ~ $ r t oSwWraghetoaprSaewmhd'EtneO f ~ w h i e b w d d p ~ m I U -t = Y ~ # - - -~ i n b r e a k i n g t h e ~of her foeg and in pro- iao-~ ~ t I a O ~ p o w s r r ~ m l lin Minb hawitieswith h a ."AbrOadana l*o f s l l th e i o regoing agreemmta rew& the f#tt h a t t h a s o v i e t ~ h g a n ~daborate ita popicy by build-ing, on the etipalatbnn of con--tiand n e uWQ , the b m $ outlftlseof a non- mymhsn, In ad-dition to c the eonaegtIonof neatral obIigatioa fro? a pa&wone eueb aa m z k d nhtamth cen-tars nefltrallb h one of aa a e t hand positive character, the Sovietgovernment inmisted on giving and m-mivine rrpecitie gnamlbm oi non-aggreseion aud non-b-"The Soviet govefzrment mua onlyabout two montha old when ft firat con-m i d he idea of b e h g In Jlf.ac% witbsome eapibht combha for a certain

lengthof-. I f e v e r ~ w a a t h e~ ~ t g r a f n 0 f t m t h h ~eal Ebarge that the CL was a 8ecHoaof the Foreign Office of the Soviet gw-Cmnmt* that was m in the early day0of&esovietar. T o m ~ b o t h p 4 a 0 -ea, let me cib the Dectee of tb BOY-iet -& December 18, 1917, de-ddmg that it L n% come forth with all aid, inclnd-i n g ~ a i d , t o t h e ~ d s ~ dthe 1 l a t # m a t i d wing of theworkma' movement of d ountrk,d e w f whether themcountrim are at war wlth RuuaIa, orin albmi, or whetheir they re*their nenkdw. Witk &em a h aWW t mplw' Cammhurrrs ozdainthe aesigniw of* illion mbhfor tbe net& of the m v o l a ~ o m q n-teypatiodht mw~mmt,at the dia-posi tbn of the foreignw k hof the Commbdat fm ForeIgir Af-himnThis was some time bairn& form-

Man d the Commrmlst Inhnatfonal.T h i a w a a r r t a ~ w h s n t h e i t l ~tional proletarian rewolatiomry farmhad not yet &grad certain W~llt9.Yet I a h , author of Wa BOWgomibb d u e 6 for the prol&t fn


14/31


15/31


16/31

mom w w e a tbe U.B.8.E d~~~ T h e s e e f f r t s d m -~ 0 r y h a o e ~ t o c m b a n a R d n o tto - t h e ~ ~ o f

'' - &a ~ - ~ ep w tbeI ,s.sx and the d g h t of tba BodrlistBepublie OUtEide ita borders.A pmmbot Gem- d a d a r mwho, Sa tha dsgs whenTrow was Com-misser of Foreign C o r r d m i , *an aconwadon h he U.S,SX., baare wlbeaa118 i o u m :

1 # W e rue traitors to m bs. Weare hel* C o w wi& iucnp i bk t i c bdmiqua We are ~ m i n ga Frankemteh monater which aomeday wlll devoaf onr &MI thruoflt tbeworld."And Proi~ssor 80- th e wen-known -ti-Madat, d k u d u g 'OTheh t m e Economic Development of W&ern Emw" Mom the S o d ScienceAsadation in Zurich, wait campelled togo even f!urtk. Ha said: m e &-tiam oi aopItolism ia nearhg its end. Anerr eeenemk amtern la arhhg.'' Onwhat basia do these eapiWt14and the33d ~ ~ n m n i hnim at their c oddon?Let UI ear from Profewor Calvin B.Hoover, whohaa spemt aome years&I*-ing the US.&&, = a critic. BxmMwT h e Soviet Challenge to CPpit&mn,p 0 i n a O U ~ Pen Mfax back as 1930 that:wAtthe premt t h e Soviet indw, ~ h a s ~ S a e n ~ n e w ~in ita development. For the firattime, a coddrsble part of prodno-p on is hhg carried on with mechan-ical equipment wbhh been p m -I! M , b y a aodalist ecvnomy.. It ianow being d e m o m h h d that such aaocialiat economy can not& per-ate industrial equipment W t e dfrom capitabm, but ean a h o cm y o n

, the newaaw social saving and con-tractionmqnhd to replete and aug-memt that equipmenLn (a1. Magazine octak, 1930).None of thea te itan been able.- to comprarhd or men re& the&-d h n c e of the fact thak wh& capital-I iarm tw m t o f f ill ag&dtum (* itfa most pr ish ) , S&&st Enaslta is6 able tod iant headway hem. Thia. ' phenommm baa hwthmble import for. t h e ~ c a d p o l i d c 8 0 f t h ~ w b o l eworld Brtt some of the bypardtical',I I

i t h d r r a l l r o f l a b m , ~ t h ~B D E h l ~ d u d a a r y M m M ~-mmmik-umink&LeftCmmm&W [&Nated w i t h t h em - u k - dt h e % m n d l n ~ ) , j a m p o n t b scs.au. fm p d i & am ld&mmmkmeyhml: P T B s t f J a A R b ~ h~ m a n e w m h f b ~ p o l l -d m i n o r d e r t o m t b m e o g l l ~i t c * a h a a b n i ~d ~ d m w i t d f ~ f & W r w a yfro*l w warid Thiefn u s t a p i k s o f ~ d c q i d .of the U.S.&R W wem -7E- yhGarmana , 3~~manis ,e te .sdfo la iao ikd- r tself-- woPld W kfor the U.8.SJL dthw fpm ths *Isr-point of aoumlnea~of'*mlU- deb- No hbur i m -d abor caa take pIwa wW&more pmlecarlan mml&bm IWiWIdi+m of Wor is, fiorogon the+U.S.S.E. The CPAffffary co)-r a e t l Y a n d v e r g e f f e e t i v B x s f ~m 4 i nthei lrceofmgreatobBw@ib-fJtimaLatbg pmlebwilm mmdaum dm-where by demonsbmting ia Ma*''*@ & t y o f t h e e o a l J I s t ~ a feMnomg over the crpitdbt I U Q & ~ zo-duction and 8xchang&

R u t h k a a I y ~ d m l ~f-own fdac io l l s majm p a m b , @m Maa-p e r - m d u t i ~ " , e&m that tbe%~ r n t r a af Ha* tadm P O M q Ilrtwdly uorrs fmm h Thdwhm~~ f the CSau. duw&abt r y i n g k b d l d e h t 8 e u - m~ e i n g i n t h e h h a r t e a a d m i n d a ~btrit- -. ~ ~ o a- p aormtrg, d m 3 * u.s.=a a d ~ ~ a b * ~ t hT r 0 ~ t a s ~ t h a t ~~ b e f n g b t r i I t t h e n r r u s d m e ~ a e r -b3n featum of pmmbhy economic&tiom in the Soviet T f h To #amoppmcmb of W U.8.93.thm L anorganic commtion between what theycall "tbe tr- fertftrl @ic ia ofthe Soviet govemmeatn and such '%om-p i e " feahreIl of premnt day s d e teconomy as cornpetMan, h&th inpay, 6mCac y in p r o d ~o n , nd Bol-- I ~ B o w t o t r s d e , w *and t M k e god bargab in the worldmark& The fomm g r p o ~ a ut of tbla-, abey eontend.


17/31

, .&- 8Be vast majo* of -- - & hh work in whteh thw an de-twr mtIes,whieh can re-+& *t among the people tb&h.m bsan tapped and that -pi-hiism m p l e d on, m & e d and-led in &onsands and milliwm..,'Only now Iw tbe posdbility ford d a and really maw diqlay of en-- ampetit ion amd bId iaitia-t l v e h a s a t e d . .. Nowfortbe3 h k t h e after ~~n tm r i c sf workingfok otlteae, of inmrlrmtarp m r ar-W& it h a become po~~& l eowork f i x onaself. .T w hat a mch l i a t wmutmtxAtL i n p o f f e r , i t S s o u rCB s k t o ~ewnyretftion." {Olu smpimwb).T h e g d n 8 0 f ~ h ~ b ~ e v i d a a t .Ha d$d nut play with emptJrwm-. Eew a s q d c k t a r e e ~ ~ t b e n e w ~ ~teat, ttte lmbetmae,, of wmpetition m-der a prole- dm%torship. This p l -

k y l a i d d o m ~ L e m i n w a a ~ dby tae N M ongrem of the CP.&U.hdd him u ollows:*evefa Bocial u&r ( s ~ o l d h g ,feudal, -pi-) M ta own meth-0th and p- of e o m ~ o r ya-bor d abor-hd&g B the intea-ata of W errploi- upper clasmm!ba Soviet order ia marely facedwith the b s k of dewloping its ownd o d ~f action f f o r the purpose ofthe inmdty aad apedim-cy of lrbor on the bardn of ad-iaed economy to the fntarata of theEmtire nation."Inadartion b the agitationat1deo-Iwd inilnence on the laboringmas- and &om rr e far a in-- araeiw, ahirkm and dia-m#ankm are comamed, oompetitimts s mmrfm1 force m a b g for b-U d d v i t j of labor. hGPPfW campetitIon bore theof rivalry BPd led to them

pMU0 f i dmaq ' b r a ~ n .h a *~ w ~ ta r e a a ~ m m r e t i k i o m i h b=t -I --n m ~ , - a m m m ~O f t b e ~ o i J a b o r . mp8w.mb t w e w l f ~ , & ~ ~ d npaxbenta a d individualmuat ba ma& the subject ofdorganhation d ttentive sksdp onthepartof~trsdeonionaandeoo-nomic orgmw," (Our empbda).Too many eomradea b k opon tberevoluth aa a simpIe oae-aet p m .They forget the variws 6tugea d &-

d o p a n t . They am not awam of tlsemew tm of work re pol^ marrtundertake after the prokt8dath r akenpower. Thin fdm to distingukh btween the U d ~ e t i ~ e ~ *ndtive" p b e ~f the wb l e revolutfonawp ~ h a s l e a m s n g . ~ t O f ? l gfabeat conclwions. Lwain v%rg aptlypoha out tbjB whole dtmatirm in bia&rIy addrsln, The Gmatmtbqnd e l i v d fn the very &at wmka dthe R u a evolutioa He d d :U I n o r d e r t o ~ h ~ t otabuah snd coneowate soddam, tbepmkhrht muat m h ha-fold mrather a Wun e pmblem. In the f3mtplace, to with it the wholeMof toil- and of the exgloibed by ibmfi+mMMng herobm in a m h -tionar~rthmggla wainst capibl, bc a r r g t h e m u $ w i t h i t , t o o ~ J t ,t o l e a d f t h o r d a r t o ~ t b ebourgeoisie and ta put down e m -

gletelg. all mdshnc~ n its pnrt; aw-' ondly, to lead the en* m m of &abi].et%and erpioiu and alao 8ll thepe4ty b o q g w t a h t a a h g he pathof a new e~onomiction, wp s t h o f t h e f%hb b hm t d a n eweodaI conkact, a new laborWptfne,a new organhation of labor, combin-ing the btast ddewcments in seiencaand capithat techrdqtle with a masaaslociation of ED^^ work-em who = mtbg krgwde in-dustry, aMilblht h d u a bm a e e o n d m k 9 a ~ ~t h an t h e f i r r r t , f o r i t c u nn e v e r bmk e d b y t h e h e r o i a m o f a d ~ o u t -btrnat of enthdasm, but r e p k a amost prohcted, a m& atrrblmma,mmt a m u o w h dm u in the d 8 y - bday work amonp the,wm"


18/31

aeborterkMngdayfma&I more cu lWd&he t tCva lW ldadvanma ete.. UC ommmrX sm ~w h e r e t h e ~*awl ffle wnrkfm m o m f n a d-ona toil diapkay a mLi-m&fMw ean-

for h m d n g labor prdmtiv-i*."~ ~ t b h a r p e d o n t h e i m -m c e f inmmshg l b r g m -ityintheamhtrepobucs. hum; an th "&& bbiat id be B~ ~ d t y b , h t h e ~.aalsaiir,the#meandmoeth~mt-ant f a r n the triumph of the

a o d d ordsr* capitalism has -teda degree d labor pdu&v i t ~ on-lmownto8ddom. capi--be! , i l n a l t g ~ a n d w i u b a ~' ~ w n b ~ ~ t h f l i a o t t h a t ~'IRIU mate a aew and much *herW t y f labor. Thb in a vowr. Wbdt matter and it will takeabt ime; still, it had h m andthatLLemainWng...."' L C o mm d m meane a higher laborp d d m M d& fhatof cspibkm, on the p8rt d volun-bry, m o n 0 , d t e d wofkerrr 6m-PloYbu P -."F r u b e i t f r o r n u ~ t o d e n y , ~ ~3n the psent world^^ where theU.S.a& % a Soviet bland in a mbu-lant m p i u t E%a, tha cannee* be-

tneen the sueid and ecunomic polideaof the C2.S.U. in the M e t Union andthe fomign golicks of the U,8.8= W ehave &ad the above not to refute butb watirm the relakhdip. Ye& theU.8.S.E k at present anxiow form,p vigoroudy a pmmf111W Q ~ni b foreign policy.Yea, h o smalltlre is the & d e C Unionm&ng o sqehforeign polidea hause d ih great d*Potion to aoeiaIi ~ h l c t i o nn theUrn& In& he 0.PS.U. 81t h i e l i n e B t s J l n i & * I , ~ , ~'b a ffllldalllmid comse M own hyI ; r e r f n , o o n i ~ w I t h r r n d n o t b ~ -

pa-. The prim&bank#, and na$uml-in the U.S.S& B. isaS end d$odo.Aad PrdmlY, inr'r'wt- 1the us.= h aw am w #tmw&em 7-:'I~ o l u r l yhe ldaw dmacb ofite 8CO~omy,has rnm:mY-mmt Ad t r r i a g t b e v e r g ~ g m a ~ , b n a b l at o i m pm i b i n h a t@wd p&b&bw i B e o a t t h l ~ a P ~ b o p * gmrMU sUrPae ta 3 apibLnV i E e ~ ~ ~ ~ . * r e a p l t a~ ~ p s r d t t o m , f h s Uh h a b l e t o ~ e d q a n d m a v ei a * i n i t e ~ a f s a d & t w m -~ ~ i t 4 s & ~ t o ~ t h s g rIetarisn gmmmmt m o t olJy hmg-nable tagahst astpcB: bg h g d n g capI-.~ t ~ ~ t b e ~ t R e pU c b t l t s l e o ~ L 8 g a h t t h e r n& -eaing csgitaltit p- d d d e of tkeBde tUn ion . T h e t w o v a m d ht inct bnt i n e epd l e p b uo f ~ a i P 1 : t B e ~ m d n g o f & eU.8,- M a repub180 and,themfore, rn the baee d he inkmath-


19/31

I,wwmh-Pmmr m b , m r r a g @ f- - d t b e , f - b w be f * V & e n a . W d d a h n a w a t ~d ~ c m m q w m w d w W m e r d ~& the c * ight grogoaa PaF-ham that a x ~ l a h hy &am geaphdon't come fortRard tRith && awn pya-s l r a m ~Soviet forefgn poIicy. Very Uk?eEg M a. the -on for tnoet of tham nott o e o m e f o r w r v d w i t h e v e n ~PPF. mqwstiong in a positive aenm, Tk t y .dread the full lo& of theie aml poorthotlghtr on thb ~ t i o n l

CBAE?I'mi BlxC. L Strategy And Soviet Foreign Policy

Far be it from rur to main- that There are tw o reasom fox thfs being m.&a problem of correladng the t a c h of These am: (1) The emergenee of Ger-man Fadam lediag G8rtnm imperial-, tiom of the G L b simple. Far be it Ism headlong towards a war of--fmmuatodeMJfthattheve~ePdstamce ~ion-very probably stW dta' of the B d e t government,m d e d y U.S.S.EL Tbia givea auch b o ~aa world of h o s a gwmmenb, is not the French and the C w h (whoare m-8 ft& that we must face in the Blprnet~bnow have d h r y dbm%aemdderaffon and adoption of our m od with the U.8.S.L) demagogic do-- U v e bahg7. Take the q d o n of with which to arouse and e d heirdm Commdat position t o w d imm working c l ~n the event of theird a h t war and ib W o n h Soviet hving a war with Germany. 8eeondIy,f e olicy. All Communht M e s the very exiatenee of the Sovietm-m a t which, in the intamst of peace aad

the intanurtionf working clam, haa en-bred intO military a l h m a with wmeme d by a Faeciat or a rnomrthkt state. capi-t co~mtries.W m a. MY, theh.d or C.ach I. a *#Commtmbt Parties to make the slightest m-donheir bweoisie on problem of Soviet-capitsltrt a l hme ~ ~a .md hat Germany hm ~t re- not new. M r a i d this mation hglme,aery would be gajlty of the m e 1917-1928- H e deal* the Pcrime & meet the came fate that the dflh ' m m m n PM&fDemoeracp metwbt the SovIet inta 'a~trebd-listeaed t o the plea of the m r nd& h c e s . At the-F d orld Co-pea- b w~ Ge-n ed- 2 of rnCJ.9 at* lose of BakharfaC that the w t attempted to d e heMd hpIi-~ a r t g whea it plunged a war catione of such Soviet d l h c e a for theTor the defence of d e m o m m n proletariat of t h w C O M M ~n a mil-itmy & with tha M t apernmant.. But it SB not wwh to repeat the old Bucharin, then, very wrongly rraid: 'In

I ' dog- EsaeEially for the p r o l e a t this form of national defeme-hvokhgof Eartain capitalist corntries h a he a k r g e a l state Bn military Jllaresp m b h of national def- assumed a (with the U,S.BS..?Tfi.) iC iu the daQnew form, tho mt a new d a b of the c o m r h in an& a camtry to


20/31

&ientd q u e a t h m ldouab, haveI * m t b f t . Infaet,W-Ym a n d ~ y h e I e I l l e , W v e e slaelrdeollectfveleadeDshfgtntheC~.*nrl*vaT-oi- bwi mda it w~ 1 t i a r t h e ~ M ~ -m e n t h d ~ a n d m l v e ~ ~problmm m, he rwmtmmdfatationa ofd la* in& e ~ o f t h e ~ a n d - C o l l l rmtmw P& k' A t b e s t , ~ d m h M g r i ~ t B e s e et i~nsof theC.Lheofaraat%rispb-lem b aoneerned. Thw, following the-im-e Strrb f n m , #aP&a -tion of &a Rm& Com-mrmist Party held a mmbmp'&~ d a d o p t e d a r e s ~ l u t i o n t ~ ~ ~&& gaat mousde S t a b W hb o ~ a m t b d t ~ o i ~ ~~ h a v e b e c l n a ~ ~ m m d b g d m ~-kn Mbr U s eaambn fato tbe~ o i t h e h e r o d t w h l e h f u ~ a

in the C L a% l f l t i o n oap'proper11 dedamw "Tb Cammllni~tnuveno cmMeme wba-er In thewp e l & y o f ~ b ~n h d t h ef r e t t a a t t l P e a r m y f s b e f a s d a g a b tt hmwa r k i n g ~ bR~ r n n e a a n d t 0 0 ~ -~ t b e a am i d g e o P h%* a d f n d e wo t t h e ~ t r t h t i t m h h t b e a s g d*ga inrr t theb i e tUa iom,~CQlarnd~Psrh rrIIlwnlinm to FIGHT AGAINSTTHE rW0 YBAR PERIOD OF MIL=ITARY gEEWCE AND WILL EEFWSETO v m WAR C&EDXTBXTBn- While it waa 'entireIg c om t for theC.P. of France to tounteract the d?ortsof he Fmldl anti-soviet foreear to 8ab-, h g a a d mYent tbie gact md to bring

2021 h h d a rappmcbmmt wi4h Hitlerat the t h e f of tbe.S.S.B,M e t wan abaohteb e t or theFmlch Communbta to bring pm=cmto bear on the French government to&a the Eastern Pact, it w u e n h l y

I mm g f o r t b e ~ C 9 . t o a b o p a t W .TIm adoption of thidl pact by the F~ ICI Ihgovemment eol l ld ino wimh r dgnslI,

o p l l P e a t o f t h e p m 1 ~ ~ Ithe WhMidmleat ab I R@%p r o - w u * g n $wagng a m v d u t l w war. t I ,:P&&d j i n d i e a t i v ~ d t h a ~ '& a c a f.perPadingtheC.Ltoday,hwcdbthe i?moat vital questions, b th e fW that ,&o*Up &ar W meetfng, 9%0=, t8s +humtical leader of ae h m d ~P, Ib k e out with a *tion thatFhmebe l inedupon a ided-U.S.sa in inwar, than1wm4no longer be ImpeddM for %mh.able t o w w a mlutiontwy war, a 'non-imprhlkt war. In Csdm4omF .k in , theBer iowmenaoshing&eCmm-m a n t a t m o v e m e n t i e d e & d i n a ~by a C.P. tieputs hi whlch ha &id inpart: % the event th8t th cmebBIomkhn army wil l lght~ ~ - f m ~ t lmovakian C o m m ~ t a inrtmggk and mme out iu froOr 4 libarmy. We am far pmemhg theWt-of the cm3cbSlmak nation whkh mbemamntasdby-ad*#Wikapm y e l e a n e s d o f F ~ d e m d b ~ &which the w o r h e4g dl p W dd e a wedemad that.--3the armg be praatsd ioifrageagaia...c i a i ! i n t p a r t t c s i t h e gwemmm4 f i i d lthe mamures which am'- tobat Fasdm and ta pmhW amas&.b e a t s td the- -Ofwnm,Ithrtlasmx&afldiwtwfor CommmWa to M , M dt h e B ~ @ t ~ ~ a c d M a n f m & a~ 0 1 ~ 6 0 - P 1-3for 0-b m t b he UmUL~ t h i n p o 3 m t o f v l w , i t ~ k h -


21/31

Sl B O W T BOBELGN POLICY AND W O W REVOLUTION


22/31


23/31

1- . *I-11 - 3

AND W O W REVOLUTION-swEH

-mwAradTheCominterm~ b e f n o o - ~ b y l t h e i r ~ tthan at ptwmt . Wi- tk htbwith fithonia (lw),oland arad Lart-* I9Zl), and the Treaty of Bapallow i t h Germany in AgTil lm.m t h e d a y s ( d ~ p a d T e 0 ~md not the and nights of S-of comee, he f & w q o m & - mmisht 8 a ~hat the CPSU, d d a wU . L, dek'bemw f o r d an dm-left,- ine on the 00- ha&r fo hide; with a moh-cover, as it w e , the aim of glvhgUP tha CommdSt I m b n l a M The~ h a p a c * ~ f ~ d f s t o r t e t s i m ~wd%flb~rt?lefactth&ItwrsprecJaelpthep. wh* wnceived and hitiatad theultra-Mt ~ourse. At the pe*lr d thfrWmpm and theunitad h ta s . We were ulm-rn1flti0nism h A u ~ ,f n w e 1 ~ g ~ i n t h e B e r i 0 d o i& a l r o w k y = d ~ ~ e m ~ b h i t omofgti~nt~~ ItPd ~ s r e xbd CPSU that had been a aofbesIas

mEg t ima on all aided The Cominh of ~~ H (W4 bmtm& wae adjusted to thfs fantastic s b ) hnt ' AlMehbr,~ * N ~ W a e & h e 8 p a p e r in*^**^^^evaluation The mzhw eectione d he d Trow basted that: T oC.L, vigomaely psshed and aided by the be tl mztarh today is an h o r n forEGCI, *bd by thg W U , o r - WW$ r m I t l k l q . " And T r o w 8hnately& o work on thi~ asis ia their moat p-t parot in the U.S. not SOm e o n n ~ .et,it .waspmcidy 1 ago uttered the fo l lo~ i - wo*in tbia period that the ~ag i t dh towem of tmth, ho not of widom: " S t a h hadmeodd mom and more mogdt fom t~ to borrow C O P ~ ~ ~ Yrr*tbe i d d o g i dtbe USS3. amaml of the lRit Opposition," (P. 6% f- polieia of & trariow Tm Yemi of the Leit OgHtbn).bo-ia powera me h no way dekr- Mom that. U hem c r i t i a honed-miaed by theWd onme of the C m - ly stMhte to the- o~ernm~mtrmmkrt Inkmmtiod. I t im't at all h e and its k a d e d i p suchaddomd mthat Ehe leas ~korow,he ha rev~h- d p h a of W@,- tbeCI,themore emesnianeand they ~ h d d ogidly condemnthe battar the berms the bperialirrt U s m aa tk Qmat dwagemaa type obp m o n a the USSR. ~nact, the anti-pm- mbts a ~ c h not dmgh t apitali8t magnition of the M t agatnst i t s o w a r m clam at homegovernment c m e in the rrfmgw dam, but a h amodaga i 3beK in o m k t~the 0mt yeara, of dm CX. Fnrtbemore, m d e m h and @on &a working d wit wus preeidy in them dam that the m-ents tbraortt mrIdgovfet gm tmmn t had to pay the high- Iat logic should thm impelat g* in ita fordm rdatiolm d a y M n C s o f ~ ~ I u t i o n " C dCotmtrIea h~vingfar more fear of upon the en* j n m t l d p~col--011 tbaa t31e U.8. recognixed the to wage a hob war again& a greSoviet -t long before Uncle Imowna~~heOFm,tMs&y m wSam did. h d he M e t Rapnblica made d e d the M e t government.fargmntercweegsiollgthanhia~to a k y ~ ~ f o r c l v i t w a r i ~ t h ebomgedu d e a hen their r e g im ~ t it^ b e mth logic. And a bloodwere f+rkua atable, far more hdm@r brother of &a Trotsky family, lilre the


24/31


25/31

~ ~ y ~ ~ = - t t .. -FPCr,.IE.IEET7 : >" - Y -, ...,, L -

I , > . II .'

>

# - &!,m~l-uds A m WOPLD m O L m O N:.-~ i n d a F a I m 0 3 ~ ~d m ' t , f o r c m m a ~ d m m i c a d ,- t th CP8U emmot m a h mia-~ i n t h e ~ I t w o r ~ @ t l t f o--&thstthe-~tatee r a a o t m a l r s ~ i n i b d i p h m a ~mladona,in its foreign policy. Nor doenit mean that w h a sach d a k k ~mm a d e ~ t h e C F S U a n d t h e ~ t g o v -emmemt which it eontpols, wa 1r8orrlddmwowreyemtothemaadnotcr l~them. The very oppodb i s the cam,Only the most uneqtti~oEal ut cm&m+

~ t l 1 e U 8 # R , i a t h e m ~ t o p u t For i n am , S t d h * ~ m va l& the & the c o - d v e ---ary and. correct* f* Powm On march the -soviet pwt was a e -vest oiBeing the ~ymbotnd d-l.+. We -h -dehat the md *oat sole leader of the CI todsp,U88IL fir compelled to find mme modtll S- made a mistaloe+ I a M f i e - t d m ~ i w - ] ; * v ~ ~ a d w l - ~ miat -. This modue vivwdi is ex-,' - n& mpro- * atanda and appmes idly the natlopal0 '

defense of Fmm in kee!~hgem 8rmdgo-t, by E-aian pro- at a for -tplm.I -t-hp-*inb- T b e ~ C . P . ~ b l ~ t o o k t h t n.-latlo- - * and mt m d y a# PI didlpmtic *ath@lomaeyresombbyaehe aame would hold far the CP uSBRa the ~ t a s a l i n e d p o ~ c y f o r t h e ~ ~U.S . i f i twere tdayap8r tyhpmar Likewise, we maet condemn RadeFa.nd fn fie bbwtl:onal pod- mt*M b~ he Jawme P ww W he UBSR now findsiW. ammhg &e world that the SovietUdanbeeaule the stah the WW not mrt to mrmed force in theUbJISB (laid down ba the CPSU) n- inner- omgli-~- and thatwrily me m-t be f W o m of the Cbfnw p p l e b b ei~enw fie olitice of the concern of the Chiaese nation ibeli. fn

other of the C.L, one shodd of d w nd for #-&hcnw-not conelude &st there is a fundmen- -, it ia not--s -pk totab nsoaasawr tfnavOm~ehat the USSR Is not conbamplaWthe i of the CPSU am lumd hhmention In China, but theW leadhg party of the C.I., as the mle form of declaration im*d c t m h a party* and the other wctloll~of tbe CL We cannot a too strongly Beddes thIa, it is also @le for ina t he and hh of the dividaslswho e l h i nd weak solelyvd0118 Individual sectiaa of fie in the capadb of Soviet diplomats tomd 04 the Comhtem M a whole tow& make mirrtalrei. Ia tbis light, LIbhoo'sbuwe@hmemmenta mrrst Map b declaration in the h a m e of Nations,M y i darwt from the metbode . a d M h g victorg in the 8aprketiEllhid down far the Soviet govern- plebhite, waa not mund from the pointmemt by the CPIJU. o f v i e w o f t h e ~ i n ~ ~ t a o fSwIetWhea we grant this n e c a ww M~R- foreign policy, To say ths least, it wasa c e of bctiw in the pursuit of common d e d or and clumq,


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CHAPTlSoviet Foreign Policy

TbertrOtabhtbemEh&fbsxvrimah n w r m r a n t a l e l 8 u v u g e ~ ~ ~~ O f ~ m w a g o ~ d t h e~ O i t k e ~ n r d p r o l p r E a -r i w t i # i i l e r E r o m ~ t o ~ad-~ f m r e , f r r t h a N m Y o r k ~Port, 1 ab #emation raths*rmdalprlu--andllaie-

, B*hMe t i r r - i t b eakmwYlmL ie notSring. ..h t ~ l s ~ h o r p ~ w a b r p n d w h a tyr t o fwa t e* th t e th eorgho~h aW r a a g % = = b * f - i s l r p o H t Y ~- w-govs~n-mm t t l r r ow a f k rw e i # h t i n t h e ~Manal- or peacrt--aeem for the' ~ r m t t i m + i t ~ * ~ ~ i n~ O t h ~ t o ~ * ~ o r

And World lbvohrtioni? Y


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b a aubstitnte for correctthe Cominhm or any of its

mhbm as a d o l a mayea,hile the tactiw Lnldt in its relatiom with capital-

El sbo happen that the meehan-le% of these. / tnM oom tb.m ahon applied in~ & b e r w r m ~ e s - w o t d d h i b I f b e t h ~&onmiof fatal ham to the QP.% resort

h g to mch a atmtagic mum?, Xn fa&of the Cornin-abmada dtll co~t1yqrrors a m ~ t h gR* - Wt in the S d # tembno tne cwdymesnco f i e c t .h ae ot lm sections of the Gomintern;* v e a % w m n g t a E # c a h t h e o t h e rof &a Combtern, do not necen-mema wrong polidem by tha CP.8.U- Nor maat anyom atknpt to hide&-mb@he the f&i& of the h e offnkonatlonal at a gar-* t ehlnd the muudnemonB' a@emmmtn af So* foreign@.%i$..*hmkh &-tm&nEeoeiaumf n ~ ~ U n f a n L m s e h m o r e t b s n-. dmw t.etiarlWh~ * # @ - ~ aibmragrrmiA.lti..Y%h*F5klp~oblemf-i

b y t b e ~ ~ ~ ' 1 ~ 0 ~s n d t b e m a n y ~ - O f o p ~ B Plomfal peapk. The hadan wdamhaY9 mized polidcal gowler. T ' wrrrla one of the earth. What&mId* o with their pow%r within tbe13BdetUmiont Thieienoabmq[rrea-tion f l o d h h g in a wetmm. To playwith stau power b ta play with lira,Clearly, the quation cannot b treated& M y . What &odd the Budanw o r k do i he SovM Unfon butbdld sodabm5 For what 0 t h PUFpone sIraIl the I h m h prole- -i d e the U 8 . 8 . E 4 state- wm tbtnow wield except fox cun&m&ing mid-h t None oi W,dtica of the CS.-S.U, haa to date d d n &ernathet P t h e R ~ ~ t

W h & d o w e t g e a n b y t h a q n & o n :c a a t h e p r o ~ b t l i t d ~ ~ t h eSoviet Union? The mmh&ion of m-I ? i a l f n m i u t h g B ~ U ~~ m f a s o f a l l ~ u 8 t ~ t rthe U.S.=, by the 8uvM w a r m~ , w i t h t h B d l 0 1 ~ n f Q r c e 4 u , w i ~~ t a r m e d ~ ~ a i d f r m n t h e .a& Henee, we posa the qtleathn: Esthe prohbiat of the fJ.88.R cs ablenpm* e o m p l e w i~ -Ld e For yeara, the C.P.S.U. h~thie @on with an emplla*Y#. XQ the C.P.S.U. were no%c om e tin concluding that the Soviet grohmiatwarr 4 1 e of overcoming fuUy allcapibht elementa within iCB c o n h ~ ,that ia of bddbg a mdaW wiety ,t b t wollld really have no remm formdntahhg power. We ahodd them atopi ~ m ghe W O T ~ ~he u.ss.R andeverywhw eke and give up peww toanother CImlBUBut living faeta speak mrreh louderthan @ M e , a h theorlea. DqiEemendous diikdtfes, teehPical back-wardnew, the dowing down of tbe pro-Ietarian mlatdon in We&m Europe

snd Am&, bitter hperlalist oppod-tion,the80pfetpmlebatthaammimdin power, haa ~nso l ida ted ta padtiona n d H a r r a r p l e n dM y u ~ i t s ~ f o r~m n I w lm b l e p r o g r e a s k a w i a tW ca8hldm wheas tL?a world-astounding ~ ~ kfh ndS e e o n d F h Y s a r P l a n U i n d l ~ dMa.

T ~ m b b + t - * p a p


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. -- -@- aw ==wPm ew w--Pm%m -dlSw-a -mC

*+q8 -ww-w= +-


29/31

! -* * e J n a h e S ~ U n i o n h a r W m m ~- or a9 *$blmy -i d k -I t L u n d d h @ I s ~ # a h * t ro b t h e B & @ t l t s ~ t d t b e btematBd p d e w a t am h u e p a d l 9an8 hannamforra Thsp srrpplement andsomplete each other. There b no auch~ ~ S ~ n a t f ~h b h agum f d d t a o n oi trnemies oi m in-bmakbml- -at1 of theSovist Unim, of the en* world laborTim world prolekulat h,m f a r , n o t h m d ~ p ~ a B t f m d ~ ,

e. . an fmpekta to its vkky , ammeemma and aehhmentu h R w., '%#, Om the other h d , if the pmle-'., -t in the capitsliat cotmtdew hadn'tthe gwiet Union, inkman-flon d d ave come eatmibly andI rapidly enough and the M e t &pub&' undm a t h k by the impmidbt powem,ti waald ham been ov&hmwa!d If frrilure or die& were ever to be-' 'fall the SovietUnion, t would u p 4 1 tbe

.'t batrsst deieut for the workem and 'oppreswd colonnld p~oplea ormauy gesrs.. Agafn, mhodd the inhmntim Bympa-thyd u* for the U.S.8X grow,than, the growth of soc i a k t eonsh-wtIsn in the Soviet Union, the E&SWv b r y , m M e w d e d up kmm-dm&. Yf the Met Union movem for-ward swJftly in fts drive for S d d b t-tion, th888 s o d a k t *riH~ g o a l o n g w a y ~ s t r e m g t h -anhg the prole* podtiwa nf battlea@mt hWmational c a p i t a b amdIt b amtrsiag to itnd tbat most of &e&ti- of the U.S.S.B baa0 themdmon tlm aaaumption that the 8o~ietpov-emment is not revolutionary enougb to-waa l C8pitabt govemmenta. It imthese people who have, forream prior to the present juncture offakernational relations, condemned theB o ~ ~m too revolutionary. It isthe ssme people who now demand thatthe W.S.U. should have the Red Armyma* ttUp Germmy to avenge tbe4 nfurieaWliw on the Ger-manm1r-t by Hitbr. Them- lit-t2e room for doubt that if the 3ed h n yhad mmbd, a a aome of them peopler r ~ l t ~ w y ~ w a n t e d i t t o t n a f e b , r n dof kbmm mi& would M a y be helping* ~ f s ~ ~ ~ -

~ r e d i m ~ ~t s m g t o o f t b h a a b n 8 D f ~ a % bb t o ~ ' ' n the mat of tlm m.sumb, t k m erltdm dl gt.nt rre tbpt~ * E a d ~ f i t taPoaIdhmediatelymeanaeJoeedfmntd -1 W5w Ikllsn, Jp~aaeeaddmerIean im- and a11 dl& lae-

wainst w.at3.kB ~ t h a ~ ~ a g ; ~ e ~ o m d e r h othem Sodal -atk oppomms ofwet fordgn policy would hamwitfitheBedArmywemtohavemar*bedo n ~ f n l f l 2 9 w h m ~ r h o EdownW workers m p a t h g iMay Day dernomtmtion pxohEbIPed bythe m i a n c$ocu8 t " m a t . oone need havk evea the ulighted dmbtthat if this had ocetured the a d d De-m~~ab,he world owx, wwld have rbento W def~nee of Geman S d d De-mmmm agakt Bob-&hip"!ft la just them peogka, who barnfor gaarm thst &e M e t Union a h anot in- in the atdm of o t kwrm*, that are now crf- Bmktforeign polity and the u.aaa.o f b e t r a y i n g t h I 9 i n t e Q w h d t h e ~ti& working claw becaw the Sovidgovernment d m not break dip1omaticrelatimawIthGemlmyanddM4gootlfJ i t a w w a g t o p ~ t a n i m p e r f ~ w a rwhich wodd, in every HkeIlhod, brhg&out a e o u c a d d drive of &e big capii-t powerm a&nd the Soviet Ee-gnbuaTo conclude, the foreign policy of &eSoviet Union L primarily a weapon of

the It& d o n of the inmattonalpmhtdat Jn the world ahgg Ie agab timperialism. It ia a weapon ditlemt~tf r o m t h e t ~ e a p o n s d b y t b w o r l r a r sof o h o d k k a bcaum the Rwdanp m l e e t had,already s e e d a higherd m f claes consc l oume~ ,haa al-ready won pmar. fn the oee of thIaweapon tbe Communist of theM e t Union muat take into d d e r a -tion the actual clam mhttomhipr pre-miling i dde the leading i m mcomtriea, the dfftemmceaamongst theim-t powefs, the of thefnkmabonal lahr moment 4 aeconomic and mW.tary form at its owncommand. !Chis ir the only sound, wac-tical revolutio~ pproach. A-dolls without foundatlop h act,8hmm


30/31

T b amphlet has, we are sure, aoatributd mmethbg to yotv dtrcrtion fn hhaMarxism. To aonbfnue fmther this u h c a t h we urge yon tad Wnm D.WdWobmkld T b g a We Waat To Know," tn which s a e d ~f qnwt3ma on Coermnddtbeoty and tact& mkd an -hack& htdktd,h a a s ~ d W eWaatToKnd'b l 6amt - s~ e r o t h s r ~ a r t i e l e a o n t b e ~a d h k m d d W w r ~ ttheW To Commdsmn a -4 -mine, prked at I d a Aad to

Zhmemaa, G e u . F . M i k , r r d m m r ~ r e d t h e w ~W O E E B B B A G E

6 1 W d 4 th at., P. 0. b x New York City.~~W : 2.M pzr - l S far 6 m o n h


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soviet foreign policy and the world revolution

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