NIRMAAN’11

Souvenir of the all India Biennial Civil

Engineering Festival

Organised by

Civil Engineering Society

Department of Civil Engineering

Institute of Technology BHU

Varanasi – 221 005

Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Ji

150th

Anniversary

(25.12.1861–12.11.1946)

Founder of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

A Brief History of Mahamana Ji’s Life:

adan Mohan Malaviya Ji was a great Indian nationalist and a

true propounder of Hindu culture. He joined the Indian National

Congress during its Second session in 1886. He had been

associated with the Congress party and twice elected as its

president. Later he became the president of the Hindu Mahasabha. He

played an important role in bringing about the Congress - League accord. He

was the founder of Banaras Hindu University. Pandit Madan Mohan

Malaviya, a staunch supporter of Hindu Culture and Civilization was born

on 25 December 1861 in a poor family. He was a brilliant student. He

completed his graduation in 1891 and later on joined law. But the call of

Mother India to free her from the oppressive British rule inspired him to

plunge into the freedom struggle. Malaviya was an able parliamentarian. He

was elected to the provincial and central Legislatures several times. He was

also the editor of "The Hindustan", "The Indian Union" and the Abhyudaya.

He was very popular among the Indian masses as well as among the British

officers. He was called Mahamana and very much loved by all. Due to the

love of his supporters and his long association with the Congress he was

elected twice as the president of the Congress. The credit of bringing about

the Congress and the Muslim League into one platform and the signing of

the Congress - league accord goes to him. Malaviya Ji was a great admirer of

Swadeshi goods. He promoted the use of indigenous manufactures and

helped to organise the Indian Industrial Conferences and the Uttar Pradesh

Industrial Association at Allahabad in 1907. The contribution of Madan

Mohan Malaviya to Indian education has been significant and a mile stone

in the field of education. He established the Banaras Hindu University and

for several years served as its Vice - Chancellor. While establishing this

University he collected funds from the rulers. In spite of their disagreement

with his views the landlords and Maharajas generously contributed for this

noble cause. His appeal was so very convincing and impressive that no one

dared to deny him. Malaviya was a great exponent of Indian Culture. He

became famous for his social, ethical and educational upliftment. He died in

1946 at the age of 85.

M

PREFACE

ivil Engineering Department, IT-BHU feels proud to introduce

Nirmaan‘11 under the banner of Civil Engineering Society. With

both students and faculty as its members the Civil Engineering

Society, IT-BHU was formed with the primary aim of exposing future civil

engineers to challenges of the profession. The Civil Engineering Society

prides itself in the lively interaction between the students and the faculty

The Civil Engineering Society activities of 2 years culminate in NIRMAAN,

the Civil Engineering festival. The festival acts as a launching platform for

budding civil engineers and brings out their creativity through competitive

events.

This conference gives an opportunity to the young students and scientist in

Civil engineering to expose their geniuses. It is good opportunity for the

budding engineers to include a culture of research, thinking exchanging and

presenting ideas and technologies in a professional manner. It is expected

that the deliberations in the conference through paper presentation and

contributory research papers will focus on the key issues of civil engineering

and thus will help in formulating the future research strategies, useful for

the nation and seed the buds in the young mind of the student.

The technical paper in the conference encompasses a wide spectrum on Civil

Engineering. The conference attempts to highlight the recent Advances in

Civil Engineering and its allied field.

The Civil Engineering Society and organizing committee of NIRMAAN-2011

extend their thanks and sincere appreciation to everyone who made the

conference and proceedings possible, and hope this document is of use to

the reader.

B. Kumar & P. R. Maiti

C

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

o give shape to the proceedings and conference in general a large

number of individuals and groups have contributed in many ways

and it is our pleaser to acknowledge their efforts. We are extremely

thankful to the contributory authors for their contribution and co-operation,

which has resulted in the timely publication of these proceedings.

We are thankful to all faculty members of Civil Engineering Department for

their support at different stages of the conference.

We are extremely thankful to our students Aniruddha, Aayush, Shashank

and Hanush for their untiring efforts during the preparation of proceedings

of the technical paper and souvenir.

We wish to acknowledge the help we received from various individuals and

institutions in the preparation of the proceedings.

B. Kumar & P. R. Maiti

T

KULGEET

IT CHORUS

Hand in hand we go together,

Hand in hand we are singing along.

Side by side we face the music,

Win or lose we always sing a song.

Wave the flag, we’ll keep it flying,

Till the sun shines o’er the land

If the luck is good we’ll always share the cheers,

If the luck is bad, we’ll gladly bear the tears.

Till the day we turn the corner,

We’ll keep on as along as we are hand in hand.

If you keep on smiling at the rainbow,

You will never mind a shower of rain.

Keep your head on the clouds,

Don’t get lost in the crowds.

Always keep song in your heart,

And shout hip-hip hurrah.

Schedule

Date: 1st – 3rd April, 2011

Venue: Department of Civil Engineering, IT BHU

1st April, 2011

Time

Venue

Seminar Hall

G-1

2pm-3pm Sanrachna Material Hand Over

3pm-4pm Inaugural

4pm-5pm Strassenkarte

Guest Lecture / Presentation

2nd April, 2011

9am-11am Pragati

Aramus

11am-12pm Guest Lecture

12noon -1:30pm Cerebro

Cricket Match

3rd April, 2011

9am-11am Pragati

Adhyayan

11am-12noon Guest Lecture

Cerebro Finals

12noon -1pm Closing Ceremony

Sanrachna finals

Institute of Technology: A Profile

The Institute of Technology (IT-BHU) is one of the pioneers in engineering

education in India. Started way back in 1919, IT-BHU moved into the 21st

century and is still rated among Top 10 engineering institutions in India. It

presently has 12 departments and schools and produces and provides high

quality technical manpower which drives India‘s Hi-Tech ambitions. Its

students are amongst the top 0.1% of India‘s engineering elite who are

admitted through the top notch competitive entrance test, IITJEE. It has

2,500 students on its rolls pursuing academic and research excellence in

various disciplines of engineering and technology at the levels of B.Tech,

M.Tech and PhD. set up in the mystic city of Banaras, IT- BHU has not only

established itself as a premier educational institution producing graduate

engineers with sound technological background, but has grown into a

Centre which produces versatile and well rounded individuals. With a rich

tradition for producing some of the finest brainpower in the country, IT-

BHU alumni today occupy top level positions across various firms in the

global industry.

CIVIL ENGINEERING SOCIETY (CES)

Department of Civil Engineering

Institute of Technology

Banaras Hindu University

OBJECTIVE

The Civil Engineering Society (CES), IT-BHU was formed with the primary

aim of exposing future civil engineers to the challenges of the profession.

With both students and faculty as its members, the organization is one of

the most active Civil Engineering Societies in India. CES organizes activities

like expert lectures by distinguished practitioners of the profession,

numerous competitions and sports activities for the students throughout

the year.

ACTIVITIES

The Civil Engineering Society is a forum of students and faculty of Civil

Engineering Department that promotes technical competency, self reliance

and patriotism among the students through interaction with outside

experts, past students holding responsible positions and eminent

administrators as well. Given the larger role of shaping the infrastructural

needs of the country, the Society also helps the students to hone their talent

by organising literary events, games and sports etc. throughout the year.

Inception of NIRMAAN

The CES prides itself in the lively interaction between the students and

faculty. The CES activities of two years culminate in ―NIRMAAN‖ – The Civil

Engineering Festival. The festival attracts people from all over India and acts

as a launching platform for budding civil engineers. NIRMAAN‘11 features

various competitive events which bring out the creative genius of students.

Events at a Glance PRAGATI: This event aims at nurturing emerging scholars amongst us by giving them an opportunity to prove

their research skills to everyone around. If you really feel your observation is useful enough to be

shared then do not miss this golden opportunity to spread your word to one and all.

ADHYAYAN:

Forming a link between academia and industry, industrial defined problems touches almost every

aspect of civil engineering study- form depth of scientific thought to feasibility of your solution. The

problem statement would be modelled on a current industry trend and the participants are

expected to provide comprehensive executable solutions.

SANRACHNA:

This event aims at imparting practical know how of civil structures in general. This event will give a

chance to the participants to learn the practical applications of civil engineering and the challenges

faced in real situation of building a structure. This even would be technically informative on one

hand and fun and interesting the other. It will provide excellent learning opportunity.

ARAMUS:

This event exposes its participants in city planning which is the theme of this event. It gives freedom

to these creative minds to design and compete among themselves.

CEREBRO:

This quizzing event will focus on the general awareness of civil engineered marvels and various

achievements in the field.

STRASSENKARTE:

It is to bring the bizarre and uncanny ideas of the participants to accomplish a transport system, the

way they wish and bring the sacred city of Banaras out of the shackles of traffic menace.

PAPER PRESENTATION

Category 1

Recent Advances in Structural

Engineering

INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE LOCATION OF SHEAR

WALL IN RCC MEDIUM-RISE BUILDING S.Agrawal, S.Anshuman, Dipendu Bhunia and R. K. Pandey

Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used lateral-load resisting

systems in high-rise buildings. Shear walls have very high in-plane stiffness and

strength, which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and

support gravity loads, making them quite advantageous in many structural

engineering applications. There are lots of literatures available to design and

analyze the shear wall. However, the decision about the location of shear wall in

multi-storey building is not much discussed in any literatures.

In this paper, therefore, main focus is to determine the solution for shear wall

location in multi-storey building based on its both elastic and elasto-plastic

behaviours. An earthquake load is calculated and applied to a building of fifteen

stories located in zone IV. Elastic and Elasto-plastic analyses were performed using

both STAAD Pro 2004 and SAP V 10.0.5 (2000) software packages. Shear forces,

bending moment and story drift were computed in both the cases and location of

shear wall was established based upon the above computations.

Keywords: linear behaviour of shear wall, seismic analysis, STAAD Pro 2004 and

SAP V 10.0.5 (2000)

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LARGE AMPLITUDE

FREE FLEXURAL VIBRATION OF ISOTROPIC PLATES

A. K. Mishra & M. R. Barik

Susceptibility to fracture of materials due to vibration is determined from stress

and frequency. Maximum amplitude of the vibration must be in the limited for the

safety of the structure. Hence vibration analysis has become very important in

designing a structure. Also the response of the structure changes when the

amplitude of vibration is large. The present study analyses some rectangular &

skew plates for their non-linear free vibration frequencies by FEM.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF

CABLE NETWORKS OF VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS TO REDUCE WIND & RAIN-WIND INDUCED

VIBRATIONS IN CABLE STAYED BRIDGES Parikshit Verma

Cable stayed bridges are the most advanced, aesthetic and economic types of

bridges at present. One of the major problems with cable stayed bridges is wind

and rain-wind induced vibrations. Present paper is based on the study conducted

Caracoglia & Zuo (2009) to investigate the effectiveness of various cable

configurations having combined system of cross ties and dampers to mitigate the

large amplitude deflections caused by wind.

This study reviews the result of experiments conducted on Fred Hartman

Bridge, Huston, Texas, USA which are helpful in the future design of cable stayed

bridges

Key Words: Cable Stayed Bridges, Cable Networks, Viscous Dampers, Cross-ties,

Numerical method

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN WITH FRP BARS

Abhinav Srivastava

Over the last thirty years composite materials, plastics, and ceramics have been the

dominant emerging materials. The volume and number of applications of composite

materials has grown steadily, penetrating and conquering new markets relentlessly.

Today high performance fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) are starting to challenge that

most ubiquitous material, steel, in everyday applications as diverse as automobile

bodies and civil infrastructure. Each type of composite brings its own performance

characteristics that are typically suited for specific applications. High performance

FRP can now be found in such diverse applications as composite armouring

designed to resist explosive impacts, fuel cylinders for natural gas vehicles,

windmill blades, industrial drive shafts, support beams of highway bridges and

even paper making rollers. FRP bars have been and are being used to replace

conventional steel rebars for a host of reasons, but perhaps the most relevant is

that of prevention of reinforcement corrosion. The principles for design and

construction have been recently established and proposed to industry by the

American Concrete Institute (ACI). The fundamental principles at the basis of this

document are rooted in the steel-reinforced concrete practice with modifications to

account for the physico-mechanical characteristics of FRP. Some unresolved

questions remain pertaining to specifications, test methods, detailing, validation

and long-term durability (including fire resistance). Resolving these issues will

increase the degree of confidence in the technology and allow for its more

economical exploitation.

SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF BUILDINGS

G. Ayiswarya, S.Pradeepa

This paper deals with the seismic retro fitting in construction using FRP strips.

Externally bonded (ebb) fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been employed

extensively throughout the world in numerous rehabilitation applications of

reinforced concrete or masonry structures. This paper focuses on the seismic

retrofitting and masonry walls by means of FRPs. Basic retrofit issues, namely

shear strengthening and increase of confinement at plastic hinge or lap splice

regions, are summarized first and a summary of application techniques is given.

Some key behavior and design aspects for shear-strengthened or FRP-confined

members are provided and a brief description of some recent developments related

to the seismic strengthening of beam–column joints is presented.

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF HUMAYUN’S TOMB Meenakshi Verma, Tabish Mohammad, Uroos Choudhry,

Ankur Gautam, Neha Bansal

Archaeological monuments, arts and crafts, oral and written literature, living

traditions, natural features and environment are all a part of our heritage. All that

we manifest in our day to day life is a part of our heritage.

We live in a country known for its varied natural environment and rich cultural

heritage seen in our world famous monuments, archaeological sites, natural areas

and our living traditions. Collectively, it is a past that we have a responsibility to

safeguard for future. It is our solemn responsibility to respect, cherish and preserve

the heritage that we have inherited.

The present study is an attempt in this direction to study the stability of an

existing monument ―Humayun‘s Tomb‖, so that so that we can figure out the

measures, if required, to protect it from damage. A procedure is established to

evaluate the critical forces and suggest the corresponding behaviour.

AN OVERVIEW OF SOFT COMPUTING TOOL ANN: INTERDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE

Mousumi Dhara, K. K. Shukla

Soft computing is an emerging field that consists of complementary elements of

fuzzy logic, neural computing, evolutionary computation, machine learning and

probabilistic reasoning. Due to their strong learning, cognitive ability and good

tolerance of uncertainty and imprecision, soft computing techniques have found

wide application. Soft computing differs from conventional computing in that,

unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and

approximation. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the human mind. A

neural network is a powerful data modelling tool that is able to capture and

represent complex input/output relationships. The motivation for the development

of neural network technology stemmed from the desire to develop an artificial

system that could perform "intelligent" tasks similar to those performed by the

human brain. ANN ensemble techniques have become very popular amongst neural

network practitioners in a variety of ANN application domains. Neural network is a

learning paradigm where a collection of finite number of neural networks is trained

for the same task.

Keywords: ANN, soft computing, learning paradigm

Transatlantic Underwater tunnel - the natural way to bridge water

Shreya Thusoo, Anuradha Choudhary, Trishna Jana

A transatlantic tunnel is a theoretical tunnel which would span the Atlantic Ocean

between North America and Europe and would carry mass transit of some type—

trains are envisioned in most proposals. Using advanced technologies, speeds of

500 to 8,000 kilometres per hour (310 to 5,000 mph) are envisaged which would

result in minimising the travel time between New York City and London to less

than one hour. This submerged floating tunnel is an innovative concept for

crossing waterways, utilizing the law of buoyancy to support the structure at a

moderate and convenient depth and draws heavily from submarine manufacturing

and modular construction technology. The tube like structure is flexible with

respect to cross section, length and water depth which can be held in place by

columns, tethers or pontoons. Giant anchors would be sunk into the sea bottom.

From these anchors, tethers would be attached to the buoyant tunnel sections near

the sea surface. These tunnel sections would be transported by a specialised ship

called an immersion pontoon, then lowered into place. This underwater tunnel

system may be used for vehicular traffic flow, including rail, automobile and truck

traffic and hence can be conveniently linked to the rural network or to the

underground infrastructure of the cities. It is environmentally benign and will not

adversely dominate the skyline of the surrounding region.

Fibonacci series

Naveen Kumar, Sudhanshu Shekhar

This is not just a series, it is the gateway for modern development designing and

innovation.

Many of the greatest architecture of the world are constructed by use of golden

grid, golden number, ratio based on this series e.g. Tajmahal, leaning tower of pisa

etc. not only this ,this has a huge contribution in the fields of arts, acoustic,

literature, music, designing, every field we look upon.

This is a tremendous treasure that can be looted for making our world more

beautiful, simple and precise.

Our presentation is based on this secret series. And how this can be included in

civil engineering to build the mega structures, city planning and so on.

Bubbled Ductal Concrete

M.Pradeep Reddy, K.Sai Bharani, K. Sai Phani Kishore

The main theme involved in our work is to provide a high strength concrete mainly

for bridge elements by using the concept of using cement, fly-ash, fine sand, silica

fume and plastic bubbles as a filler, additive and water, using a low water cement

ratio and may include high-strength steel fibers or non-metallic fibers. The ash

which we used is the pond ash which has great characteristics of binding and

compressive strength when hardened along with constituents of cement, water,

sand, and silica fume.

Plastic bubbles are introduced because as we know that the upper part of concrete

takes the compression whereas the lower part of concrete takes the tension in

comparative to both the limit state design and working stress methods of designs,

as a part a layer is present in between the both layers of compression and tensile

zone which comprises of the concrete material which does not serve its purpose for

adding up the strength. Thus by providing these plastic bubbles at these layers, as

they will provide adequate bending of the concrete and ductile nature to concrete

by both steel fibers and plastic bubbles we can obtain a desired shape of

construction by ductile nature along with the strength. Also the plastic bubbles

that we provide will create a vacuum or air bubbles inside by degrading and it will

increase the void ratio and we observed that the weight of the block is also reduced

to nearly by 30% equally providing the same strength of 230-250Mpa as a

complete. Thus the work provides a low weight an high strength concrete which is

highly essential for the construction of bridge elements, big structures. Our

observations conclude that the steel fibers will provide ductility and add up to the

adequate strength of 200-230Mpa of compressive strength and 30-50Mpa of

flexural strength. The density being 2.25t/m^3 is a key to the reduction of weight.

Also it provides a recycling of plastic and pond ash which are the waste products

that are a problem of decomposing.

Key words: plastic bubbles, steel fibers, pond ash, highly ductile, high strength,

low weight.

CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT

BUILDINGS

Mayank Saxena, Ratnesh Thakur, Deepak Kumar

During earthquake lateral forces acts on any structure due to horizontal motion

of earth surface. The horizontal forces are transferred to the building through

the foundation. So our main aim is to isolate the foundation from the

surrounding ground.

So that forces are not transferred to the structure during motion of the earth

surface.

For this purpose, we can use ball bearings of appropriate size, strength and

properties. These bearings will be placed between the ground and the

foundation. These bearings allow the vertical transfer of the load to the ground

normally. During an earthquake, when the ground shakes these bearings roll

over the foundation. This prevents the foundation from moving along with the

ground. As a result of which no force is transferred to the foundation and no

stress is developed in the structure.

Self Healing Concrete – A Bacteriological Approach

Shakti Das and Monika Pattnaik

Concrete is one of the main materials used in the construction industry, from the

foundation of buildings to the structure of bridges and underground parking lots.

The problem with traditional concrete however is the formation of cracks. This has

negative consequences for the durability of the concrete.

Instead of costly humans having to maintain and repair the concrete, it would be

ideal if the concrete would be able to heal itself. The cement industry is a major

global contributor to world CO2 emissions (8% in 2008). A major cause of this high

percentage is the durability issues associated with concrete. In recent years a new

breed on concrete that has the ability to heal cracks which are a major cause of

these durability issue has been developed called Self-healing Concrete. This is now

possible with the help of special bacteria. These bacteria are called extremophile,

because they love to live in extreme conditions. In dry concrete for example they

will not only live, but they will actively produce copious amounts of limestone. With

this calcium carbonate based material the little construction workers can actively

repair the occurring cracks in a concrete.

This novel type of self healing concrete will lead to enormous savings on

maintenance and repair costs. Also the sustainability of concrete will increase

dramatically, because of a lower demand for natural resources such as cement.

This will lead to lower CO2 emissions and change our way of reasoning. Instead of

building against nature, biological materials and processes will be integrated into

traditional engineering materials and processes.

The main goal of the present study therefore is to show concrete-immobilized

calcite-producing bacteria could potentially represent an alternative crack-healing

mechanism in concrete.

Earthquake Resistant Structures

Siva Prasad, Indrajeet, Ishu bansal

Natural disasters have been affecting the mankind since times immemorial.

Earthquakes are one of the most furious of them costing millions of lives as well as

property to us. Recently the world saw

Japan witnessing devastating impact of the earthquakes as well as its after effects.

And the researchers are predicting even higher frequency Earthquakes in future.

During an earthquake, buildings collapse due to its inertia of rest. But

we know that earthquake proof is not possible so, our mission is

to minimise the impact due to vibrations.

This paper mainly focuses on the structure of an earthquake resistant building. It

includes

Containment Reinforcement in masonry walls.

Using Coupling Beams around the openings like windows, doors etc.

Base Isolation Techniques like using pressure pads, hydraulic pads, ball

bearings etc.

Preferable shapes and materials of the building depending up on the seismic

zone and the soil type.

Moreover, the reinforced concrete structure has advantages over wooden

houses as they can sustain even higher frequency earthquakes without

collapsing.

Category 2

Emerging Concepts in

Environmental Engineering

GREEN BUILDINGS N. Venkateswarlu

With the rapid advancement in the technology, the building industry is growing at

an enormous pace. This has resulted in an adverse impact, being made on the

environment. The pollution, resulting from the construction activities, is disturbing

the natural ecosystems and the damage caused by it, is irreparable. One area of

concern is the energy consumption and release of CO2. Green building technology

is expected to provide solutions to the problems faced by the world. Engineers,

architects and builders must ensure that the development is sustainable and for

the betterment of the society. An attempt has been made, I this paper, to outline

the various concepts and outcomes of using green buildings.

USE OF RECEPTOR MODELLING IN SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDY OF AMBIENT

PARTICULATE MATTER: REVIEW OF THE EXISTING MODELS

Vivek Kumar Singh, Abhishek Jain

Several health studies have demonstrated an association between air pollution

sources and adverse health and environmental effects. Therefore, it is important to

identify the various sources contributing to the environment we are exposed to and

the characteristics of those sources and of major air pollutants so that they can be

controlled appropriately. The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of air

pollutants can be understood with the help of Receptor Models which help in

identifying their sources and in estimating contributions of each source to receptor

contributions. This paper provides a quick review of the basic Receptor Models

(CMB,PMF and UNMIX) that are practised for PM source apportionment when the

sources are unknown.

Keywords: Chemical mass balance (CMB); Source Apportionment; Positive matrix

factorization (PMF); UNMIX; PM.

LOW-COST HOUSING P. Tarun, Ch. Kishan Kumar

The scope of the study covers national perspectives on housing for economically

weaker sections of the society, defining the problems and efforts that should be

made for solving the existing housing technologies. Housing is one of the

fundamental needs of any living being. Whether, rich or poor, all of us need a place

to live. But if we look at the cost of purchasing a house across the country and

metros in particular, it‘s well beyond the affordable limit of the majority. In a

society where the majority cannot afford a place of their own because of the

skyrocketing property prices, low cost housing assumes crucial importance.

Moreover, the Government of India has a vision ―Housing for all by the year 2010‖.

Cost effective does not mean low quality and low durability meant only for low-

income or poor sections. This paper also deals with the efficiencies of low cost

housing and use of new materials and their experimentation on affected areas and

also the introduction of paper and cardboard as a building material. This paper is

based on reporting review.

BIO-FILTERS IN SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Sravani, Shiva Shankar Y and Abhishek Kumar

Bio-logical treatment by the use of bacteria and other microorganisms to remove

contaminants in air, water and waste water by assimilating them is emerging technology in

environmental management. The applications of Bio-logical methods are increasing due to

advantages like cost effectiveness and use of natural systems with decreased by-products.

All Bio-logical-treatment processes take advantage of bacteria‘s remarkable ability to use

diverse waste constituents to provide the energy for microbial metabolism and the building

blocks for cell synthesis. This metabolic activity can remove contaminants. These methods

can be applied in various fields like air treatment removing odors and volatile organic

compounds (VOC‘s), water and waste water management. This paper discusses about the

applications of Bio-filters in environmental management.

Keywords: Bio-filter, Vegetative Filter Strips, Grey Water, Storm Water, Volatile Organic

Compounds

PURIFYING WATER: THE GREEN WAY

Ratnambar Singh , Vishwas Gupta & Raghav Maheshwari

In the present scenario quality of water has deteriorated due to the poor

management of our water resources and lack of awareness among the water users

.So, to overcome this problem water is chemically treated to adjust pH, to remove

solids, to disinfect water etc. Coagulation-flocculation is one of the most important

processes that involved in conventional water treatment at which it is able to

achieve such objectives. Aluminium salts are widely used as chemical coagulant in

the water purification process all over the world. However, the problem is

concerned with large production of sludge volume and Alzheimer's disease in case

of aluminium salts. Another major problem is that it reacts with the alkalinity

present in the water leading to the reduction of pH and its low efficiency in

coagulation in cold water.

Need For Natural coagulants: Water-borne diseases like dysentery and diarrhoea

that kill thousands of children year after year can be checked by the natural

coagulants like Nirmali, Khas-khas and elaichi (cardamom), cactus, Moringa

Oleifera, Lotus, Tannins etc. Natural macromolecular coagulants show bright

future and are concerned by many researchers because their abundant sources,

low price, innocuity, malfunctioning and biodegradation. It has been found that

natural coagulants are economically and environmentally more acceptable than

chemical coagulants.

MORINGA OLEIFERA (SAHJANA): The seed kernels of Moringa oleifera contain

significant quantities of water-soluble proteins. When the crushed seeds are added

to raw water, the proteins produce a positive charge which acts like a magnet

attracting particles like clay, silt, bacteria, and other toxic particles. The proteins

bind the particles by forming flocs which can be easily removed using filters. The

method appears suitable for home water treatment in rural areas of developing

countries. It definitely produces water with ‗Low Risk‘.

CACTUS: The ―Prickly Pear Cactus‖ generally contains an agent i.e., Cactus

Mucilage which has the ability to clear the water of sediments and bacteria within

minutes. Cactus‘s mucilage is actually a thick gum that the plant uses to store

water. This gum when diluted to the water which has high levels of either sediment

or the bacterium Bacillus cereus. It‘s been discovered that the mucilage acts as a

flocculants. The agent causes all the sediments to join together and settle at the

bottom of the water. The gum also causes the sediments particles to settle down. It

is revealed that this process made the water 98% bacteria free.

TANNINS: Tannins are high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds

widely distributed through the plant kingdom. Tannins can be classified into two

groups , the proanthocyanidins (or condensed tannins) and the polyesters of gallic

acid. Tannins are found in the leaves, fruits, barks, roots and wood of trees. The

reaction of tannin with formaldehyde and amino-ethanol produces a weakly, basic

polymer that is more effective than alum in removing turbidity and especially

colour from river water. In addition tannin helps the filtration process. The effect of

tannin on filterability of sludge formed in the coagulation process is that the sludge

could be filtered more easily when tannin was used as a coagulant aid. At the

optimum conditions with tannin, the turbidity decreased from 10 and 20 to <0.02

and 0.9 FTU (formazin turbidity units), respectively.

It is concluded that natural coagulants should not be regarded as a panacea for

rural water supply problems, but also a tool in the development of sustainable

water supply services.

ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING

Ravi Chinni

Eco-Friendly Building uses natural resources to produce electricity for its use and

also renews renewable resources.

Rain water is collected at the top of the building in open top room. Water is

released from the top and it falls on the turbines present in a block which is

constructed below the building and the electricity is generated from motors. The

water is transferred to another block where water is collected. The water is used to

recharge the ground water and pump the water to use in household activities.

In building, electricity is produced and renews renewable resources. Therefore the

building is known as ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING

GREEN BUILDINGS

Monica Padhy, Pooja Bharti, Kalpana Misra

When the pre historic man constructed a hut for the first time using bamboo trees

and coconut leaves to protect himself from sun and rain, he was starting to exploit

nature for his humble needs. Apart from killing the trees he also disturbed the

natural habitat of the insects and birds in those trees and interfered in the cycles of

nature. That was a beginning.

Now, it is beyond imagination, how much damage has been inflicted on earth by

the construction of various types of buildings using sand and water from the rivers,

stones from the mountains, cement manufactured from the ingredients dug from

the land.

But, after getting conscious about the environment and after feeling the

environmental responsibilities, the way our people try to address this problem is

wonderful. One of the intelligent initiatives is the concept of ―Green Buildings‖.

Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building), the

eco-friendly structure, refers to a structure and using process that is

environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-

cycle: from sighting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation,

and demolition. This practice expands and complements the classical building

design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

The concept of Green Buildings envision a new approach to save water, energy and

material resources in the construction and maintenance of the buildings and can

reduce or eliminate the adverse impact of buildings on the environment and

occupants.

Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current

practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green

buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on

human health and the natural environment by:

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation.

Category 3

Emerging Aspects in Remote

Sensing, GIS, GPS.

Integrating Cellular Technology with Civil

Engineering

Ashutosh Chaturvedi, Akshay Dikshit, Devraj Sinha Roy

Suppose there is a construction project to be done, and then prior to that

there will be surveys of the project like the site analysis, geographical variations

etc. If the project is for a Highway, say 500 KM long, then we will have to trace the

proposed path for the complete knowledge of how and what to start with. If we use

a GPS equipped vehicle and just traverse one throughout the proposed path, we

can get a recorded graphical analysis of the path with very minute details of the

path due to which it will lead to speedy processing of the project which is very

necessary in India.

Moving a step ahead and perhaps most important aspect of this presentation

of this paper we have to think about the monitoring of the civil constructions. For

example, suppose a mega project is completed with a very new approach and the

site is up to public use, but since the idea was new, we have to be cautious about

the shortcomings or limitations of that too.

This can be done by using sensors at those portions and controlling them by

micro controllers over a network via DTMF or GPRS modules. For example, we

attach an ultrasonic sensor which emits ultrasonic waves and receives the waves

reflected from nearby surroundings. It will keep on ―INFORMING‖ the controller

about the conditions of the structure by analyzing the distance from which the

waves are coming back. Our work is based mainly on DTMF & GPRS controlling of

the devices because they have no range boundations as well as mobile networks

are available almost everywhere. We just have to make a call to the device, it will

auto answer our call and based on reports and data we will send instructions to

the device via our mobile phones to take the next action, like sending more details

or informing some other team which is stationed nearby.

APPLICATION OF GIS & GPS FOR ONLINE VEHICLE TRACKING

Ganesh Kumar. B, Swarup. S

Roads are part of the infrastructure that makes up the spinal cord of modern

society. The aim of the project work is to develop a system for obtaining real time

data such as velocity, location of vehicles, and travel time of vehicles etc using GPS

receivers. The data from the GPS are transmitted to a base station via GSM to the

system ARC GIS and it can be displayed in map. The current technology in the field

of communication is used for Real time vehicle tracking. This solution doesn‘t

require any intervention of user and data gets automatically transferred through

service provider networks for two-way communication. The various issues involved

in this task include the use of GPS receivers linked with mobile applications (GSM)

to provide direct observations of the vehicle. This is coupled with a database

management system using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, to

provide a reliable and efficient system for online vehicle monitoring, navigation and

tracking. Integration of GIS/GPS with modern techniques such as Web mapping

will enable web based tracking of vehicles from away part of the globe. Web

mapping solution plays an important role in online vehicle tracking service, based

on GPS and Cellular technology. The ideal solution would allow customers to

access a Web-based map to track their vehicles in real-time.

TRACKING OF STOLEN VEHICLES USING AN ULTRA-

HIGH SPEED MICROCONTROLLER WITH GPS AND GSM TECHNOLOGY

L. Mohana Priya, M. Ponmani

One of the most challenging problems faced by our modern society is the increasing

phenomenon of car thefts. Reports from police departments around the world

indicate that car theft in some of the countries reaches more than 300,000 cars a

year and the percentage of the cars recovered is not very high. Increasing the

possibility of finding a stolen car is very important to both police and car owners. In

this paper, a vehicle identification system using an embedded wireless

communication system is proposed to address the car theft problem. The proposed

scheme is based on getting information about the exact location of the vehicle

using GPS and GSM technology. The police officer can also receive the same

information and Can also be automatically notified in case of the car is stolen.

GIS APPICATION IN SESEMIC MAPPING

Emmanual C Kindo, Surajeet Roul, Anzon Joseph

The paper describes how the use of GIS technologies and probabilistic risk assessment can

better prepare us for handling and responding to earthquake, Drought, Fire, Flood &

Cyclones, Landslide & Soil Erosion, Volcano risk in the world. For any natural hazard

zonation, evaluation and prediction, several spatial data layers are necessary. For scientific,

accurate and near to truth prediction, these layers should be related to geology,

geomorphology and topography of the area under study.

Using Probabilistic Risk Modeling

Probabilistic risk modeling techniques has been widely used in international reinsurance

markets to assess risk exposures to asset portfolios. Catastrophe risk models are built upon

a sequence of modules that allow for the quantification of potential losses arising from a

given hazard (e.g., earthquake, Drought, Fire, Flood & Cyclones, Landslide & Soil Erosion,

Volcano)

Exposure module

The exposure module generates an inventory of ―assets at risk‖. This inventory is created

using primary data in combination with remote sensing information. When primary data

are not available, secondary data sources and ―proxy‖ approach may be used. The module

aggregates the value for each type of exposures as a product of assets at risk and the

average replacement cost per unit of inventory. This objective is possible via different ways

such as landslides hazard zonation for determining the hazardous areas and providing

recipes and regulations for appropriate uses of these areas. Also it can be earned by

studying a one landslide and presenting ways to control it.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY FOR

PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS

Manoj Kumar

Over the years, Radio Frequency Identification Technology has emerged as the

next-generation tool for tracking a product throughout the supply chain. RFID data

corresponding to every tagged object is stored in the RFID Information System

during the life cycle of the product. Availability of a cheap workforce has been a

bottle neck in the RFID propagation. However, RFID can be employed to check the

corruption rampant in Public Distribution System and to enable the consumer to

distinguish a counterfeited product from the authentic one.

We propose to reduce the losses in the Public Distribution System by tagging the

huge quantities of edible items with RFID transponder. With a RFID reader

installed at a proper location we can read the tags and send the location details to

the RFID server .This has a central database to interact with the RFID readers all

over the area thereby facilitating easy exchange of resources. This will not only

prevent the loss of unused food grains but will provide food for millions of starving

people. We endeavour to reduce the problems with RFID technology like RFID tag

collision and find relevant simulation results based on the RFID transponder. We

also make a cost analysis of the Implementation of RFID technology in ground

reality.

The RFID data can also be used for monitoring continuously changing supply chain

status such as inventory level, product supplying lead time and production rate by

transforming the raw RFID data into business logic. RFID tags can replace the

currently existing barcode method of object identification due to its several

advantages. RFID tags will also help to reduce the sale of counterfeited branded

products thereby checking revenue loss and protecting consumer rights. RFID

technology can also make the supply chain management more efficient.

CIVIL PLANNING FOR A CLOSED-KNIT SOCIETY:

RESIDENTIAL PLANNING FOR A DYNAMIC, VIBRANT AND

CLOSED-KNIT COMMUNITY

ASEEM KUMAR

What is the formula of planning a residential area which results in a creation of a

bustling, buzzing, smart, urban and suave society where there is no room for

abnormalities like two people meeting at a party later realizing they live right next

door (!)? In short a much better connected and spirited neighbourhood rather than

the bland concretized forest or vast low population localities where its not really

safe to go out after 8 in the evening; and to create room and conditions for better

and effective social interaction in today‘s fast paced society.

This paper effectively emphasizes the effects on vital sociological effects through the

proposed system of residential area planning in order to –

1. Create a society of convenience where everything in need is within a stone‘s

throw away.

2. Create a planned residential space which automatically increases social

interaction and give way to a ―closed-knit community‖ leading to a healthy

lifestyle and better ―peripheral*‖ security.

3. Planning the residential area to create ―social nucleation sites‖ that creates a

sense of mutual awareness amongst the population that really cuts against the

solitary lifestyle of a fast paced society.

To plan the residential area on classical grid ideas, yet placing of dwelling and

commercial spaces such that every place is frequented by the population from

every corner of the society – which is a very important criteria for development of a

community. This is in context to the very important definition of the term

Community

… a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to

one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members’ needs will be

met through their commitment to be together [1]

Category 4

Emerging Concepts in Hydraulics

Engineering

PIANO KEY WEIR

Aniket Kanchan, Aditya Karan

Ongoing efforts to enhance safety (revision of extreme floods in future construction

zones notably in Asia) increase significantly the discharge requirements of existing

or new dams. This leads to considerable cost overruns if the conventional solutions

are employed, such as fully gated spillways (which are prone to complete

obstruction or ill-adapted operation); or long uncontrolled spillways with low

specific flow rates. Most existing free-flow spillways have a standardized shape

(ogee weir) and are placed upon concrete gravity dam structures. Their drawback is

their low specific flow which is (in m3/s/m) close to 2.2 h 1.5 (h being the nappe

depth in meters). Consequently, the loss of live storage corresponding to the

maximum nappe depth may be 20% to 50%, compared with a gated reservoir, even

if using longer spillways than with gates. It is thus very advantageous to increase

the specific flow as much as possible. A new low cost solution of free flow spillway

in form of the ―Piano Key Weir‖ multiplies the specific flow by 2 to 4 and may be the

best solution to these problems for most dams. It applies also for reducing the cost

and / or increasing the storage of new dams. This paper deals with introduction of

new concepts and their design and application.

Organising Committee

Prof. P K Singh

Chairman

Dr. Brind Kumar Dr. P. R. Maiti

Organising Secretary Joint Organising Secretary

Advisory Committee

Prof. V. Kumar

Prof. Gautam Banerjee

Prof. D. Mohan

Prof. Prabhat Kumar Singh

Prof. P. K. S. Dikshit

Dr. Arun Prasad

Dr. S. Mandal

Dr. Rajesh Kumar

Dr. S. B. Dwivedi

Shri K. K. Pandey

Shri K. Prasad

Shri Anurag Ohri

Dr. Medha Jha

Dr. S. K. Gupta

Shri S. Kumar

Dr. P. Balaramudu

NIRMAAN’11 Team

Aniruddha Vashisth Aayush Agarwal

Sanchit Garg Rajeev Krishna TG

Abhay Kant Khetan Vibhor Mishra

Vivek Singh Navneet Hansda Dushyant Singh

A Raja Nikhil Abhinav Agnihotri Shashank Ganesh

Hanush Kumar Repala Sandeep Kaladhar DRLN

Hemant Varshney Vasudev Menon

Rahul Singla Neeraj Kumar Mohit Anand

Paras Vaid Vinay Tiwari

Diwakar Yadav Harshit Pareek

Dheeraj Mamani Deepak Teli Akash Padhi

Nikita Agarwal Vinit Hansaria Achyut Pareek Ayush Agarwal Prachi Mahajan Deepak Kumar

Mentors Raghav Kansal

Dharmesh Gupta Puneet Gunawat

WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS

From

NIRMAAN’11 To

Our alumni

mit Goel

Mr. Bhushan Akerkar

1985 Batch

Chief Information Officer

Aditya Birla Group

HINDALCO Industries

Mr. Atul Gupta

1985 Batch

Mr. Dileep Kulkarni (MD)

1985 Batch

Dileep Kulkarni Associates

Belgaum – Karnataka,

Bengaluru, Mumbai

Mr. Amit Goel

1985 Batch

Mr. Purnesh Kumar

2004 Batch

Assistant Executive Engineer

CPWD

WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS

From

NIRMAAN’11 To

JAYPEE CEMENT

Larsen & Toubro

NKG Infrastructure