southern regional education board the big six the big six exploring social studies through the lens...
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Southern
Regional
Education
Board
THE BIG SIXTHE BIG SIX
Exploring Social
Studies through the
Lens of Literacy
Nancy [email protected]
rg
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Establish Purpose of Literacy Strategies in Social Studies
Explore Effective Literacy Strategies
Practice Use of Strategies
Today’s ObjectivesToday’s Objectives
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Why Do We Need an Across-the Why Do We Need an Across-the Curriculum Emphasis on Literacy?Curriculum Emphasis on Literacy?
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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Using literacy strategies
in content areas
is about teaching students how to
USE reading and writing as TOOLS
for
THINKING and
LEARNING.
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies for Every TeacherStrategies for Every Teacher
Simple strategies that get kids to read and write.
Read and write to learn the content of your class.
Most require little or no extra planning. All are active engagement
strategies.
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Glis was very fraper. She had dernarpen Farfle’s marsden. She did not talp a giberter for him. So, she conlanted to plimp a marsden binky for him. She had just sparved the binky when he jibbed in the gorger.
“Clorsty marsden!” she boffed.
“That’s a crouistish marsden binky,” boffed Farfle, “but my marsden is on Stansan. Agsan is Kelsan.”
“In that ruspen,” boffed Glis, “I won’t vank you your giberter until Stansan.”
A Marsden Giberter
Why was Glis fraper? What did Glis plimp? Who jibbed in the gorger when Glis sparved the
binky? Why didn’t Glis vank Farfle his giberter?
(Farfle)
It isn’t Stansan
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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VocabularyVocabulary
marsden=birthday
giberter=present
binky=card
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
A Marsden GiberterGlis was very fraper. She had dernarpen Farfle’s marsden. She did not talp a giberter for him. So, she conlanted to plimp a marsden binky for him. She had just sparved the binky when he jibbed in the gorger.
“Clorsty marsden!” she boffed.
“That’s a crouistish marsden binky,” boffed Farfle, “but my marsden is on Stansan. Agsan is Kelsan.”
“In that ruspen,” boffed Glis, “I won’t vank you your giberter until Stansan.”
What’s the story?Now that you know some of the words, can you figure out what the story is about? What are synonyms for some of the other gibberish words?
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
The The “Big Six” “Big Six” Reading Reading
SkillsSkills
WP
1-3
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
The SixThe Six
Summarizing Paraphrasing Categorizing Inferring Predicting Recognizing Academic Vocabulary
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
How do we know these are How do we know these are important?important?
Direct links to most items on ASSET/COMPASS reading placement tests.Included in ACTConsistently in state standardsRecognized by postsecondary faculty for importanceLinked to all content areasLinked to careers
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
SummarizingSummarizing
One of strategies on Marzano’s list of effective instructional strategies
Only skill identified in both Reading Next and Writing Next as improving essential literacy skills
Essential in research and other expository writing
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies to teach Strategies to teach summarizingsummarizing
Jigsaw Paired Questioning GIST KWL Cornell Notes Reciprocal Teaching
predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing
Literacy Acrossthe Curriculum:
Setting and Implementing Goalsfor Grades Six through 12
SITE DEVELOPMENT GUIDE #12
SREBMAKING
MIDDLE GRADES
WORK
Southern RegionalEducationBoard592 10th St. N.W.Atlanta, GA 30318(404) 875-9211www.sreb.org
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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Simple JigsawSimple Jigsaw
A method of Collaborative Learning designed to increase student’s sense of responsibility by making each one an expert on one part of a whole. The student then teaches the part for which she/he has become an expert to the other members of his/her team or group.
WP
21
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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1. Teaching / Reading
Simple Jigsaw ProcessSimple Jigsaw Process
2. Talk (Expert Groups)
4. Assessment
3. Team Reports
5. Team Recognition
Southern
Regional
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Expert GroupExpert Group
Summarize the main idea(s) of your article.
Give a specific example of how this information can be applied to your content area.
Develop one question that you feel would be most appropriate for a quiz / test.
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Cornell Note-takingCornell Note-taking
Step 2:During lesson, take notes here; useabbreviations
Step 3:Identifykeyconceptsor questions
Step 4:Summarize lesson here
Step 1:Draw a grid with 3 sections(Two Column (Two Column
Notes)Notes)
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Summarizing and Note-Summarizing and Note-takingtaking
Students should learn to delete unnecessary information, substitute some information, keep important information, write / rewrite, and analyze information.
EXAMPLES: Teacher models summarization techniques, identify key concepts, bullets, outlines, clusters, narrative organizers, journal summaries, break down assignments, create simple reports, quick writes, graphic organizers, column notes, etc.
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Identifying Key Ideas – Identifying Key Ideas – Rule-Based StrategyRule-Based Strategy
Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to understanding;
Delete redundant material; Substitute superordinate terms for lists (e.g.,
“flowers” for “daisies, tulips, and roses”); and Select a topic sentence, or invent one if it is
missing.
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Newspaper StrategyNewspaper Strategy
Who:
What:
Where:
When:
Why:
How:
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Other Summarizing StrategiesOther Summarizing Strategies
Outlining
Acrostic Poem
Patterned Writing
ABC Chart – key words
Pyramid Summarizing
GIST
WP
21-23
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July 10, 2008
ParaphrasingParaphrasing
Reduces plagiarism—considered one of the biggest academic “crimes”
Show adaptation for audience and purpose—essential writing skills
Reflects a deeper understanding of material
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies to teach Strategies to teach paraphrasingparaphrasing
Jigsaw Paired Questioning KWL Cornell Notes
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
CategorizingCategorizing
Ability to group information into manageable chunks
Essential for study skills Mandatory for problem analysis and
solution—especially in workplace or laboratory
Only easy for naturalist intelligence—must be taught to others
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies to teach Strategies to teach categorizingcategorizing
KWL Graphic Organizers Concept Definition Map Frayer Model Cornell Notes Sorting activities
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Democracy
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
What are some examples?
What is it? (definition)
The Word
What is it like?
Comparison/Contrast
Concept Definition MappingConcept Definition Mapping
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Sourc
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climate
rain forest
desert
CategoryWhat is it?
PropertiesWhat is it like?
Comparisons
IllustrationsWhat are some examples?
Mojave Gobi Sahara
less than 25 cm. of rainfall
no cloud cover; winds dry land
heat radiates into dry air at
night
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
The Frayer ModelThe Frayer ModelSourc
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WORD
Definition (in own words)
Characteristics
Examples (from own life)
Non-examples (from own life)
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The Frayer ModelThe Frayer ModelSourc
e:
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Perdurable
Definition (in own words)
Characteristics
Examples (from own life)
Non-examples (from own life)
(To become more durable)
To ingrain so well in my memory that I will not forget.
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Limited Government
Essential Characteristics Characteristics
Examples Non-examples
1. Individual freedom2. Voting3. Due Process of Law4. Majority Rule/Minority
Rights5. Equality before the law6. Private property rights
1. Some individual freedom2. Political parties3. President4. Written Constitution5. Jury trials
1. United States2. Great Britain3. Germany4. India5. Mexico6. Japan7. Australia
1. China2. Cuba3. Libya4. Iraq (under Saddam
Hussein)5. Iran6. North Korea
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
InferringInferring
Reading “between the lines” Encourages connection within a text, across
texts and to other contexts Shows that a reader “really gets it”
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies to teach inferringStrategies to teach inferring
RAFT (p. 20)
Questioning the Author It Says . . . I Say . . . So
RAFT Examples for Social StudiesRAFT Examples for Social Studies
Role Audience Format Topic21st Century Woman
Susan B. Anthony
Thank-you note
Women's Rights
Ben Franklin Dear AbbyAdvice column
My son likes the British
Kaiser Wilhelm IIEuropean Heads of State
RecipeHow we can start a World War
Kit Carson Future tourists Travel guideBeautiful places in the West
Mohandas GandhiMartin Luther King Jr.
LetterNonviolent opposition/resistance
Great Wall of China
Self DiaryInvaders I have seen and stopped
Colorado River Rafters Travel guideWhat you will see if you travel my length
Rain Forest Humans Complaint Deforestationhttp://www.tantasqua.org/Superintendent/Profdevelopment/etraft.html
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Questioning the AuthorQuestioning the Author
What is the author trying to tell you? Why is the author telling you that? Is it said clearly? How might the author have written it more
clearly? What would you have wanted to say instead?
After reading a passage, students ask themselves:
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Questioning the AuthorQuestioning the Author
Does this follow with what the author said before?
What does the author take for granted that we already know?
Did the author tell us why? Why do you think the author included this
information?
After students gain skills at making inferences, you might add some of the following questions:
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
It Says . . . I Say . . . SoIt Says . . . I Say . . . So
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
It Says . . . I Say . . . SoIt Says . . . I Say . . . So
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
PredictingPredicting
Form of inferencing Requires support for prediction Forward thinking based on backward
knowledge Required to solve non-routine problems in the
real world
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies to teach predictingStrategies to teach predicting
KWL Story Impressions Anticipation Guides (p. 9)
Visual Prediction Guide Reciprocal Teaching
predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing
Thinking through the Reading Assignment
Take 90 seconds to quickly scan your reading assignment. Use the headings, pictures, and other clues you get from this scanto develop some questions about the reading. Then, as you read the assignment, take notes that answer each of the questions.
General Topic:
Question: NOTES:
Question: NOTES:
Question: NOTES:
WP 4
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
ABC Predicting ChartABC Predicting Chart
A-B C-D E-F G-H
I-J K-L M-N O-P
Q-R S-T U-V WXYZ
In 2 minutes, list all the words/phrases you can think of related to political
campaigning.
Set it Set it aside.aside.
0:100:100:090:090:080:080:070:070:060:060:050:050:040:040:030:030:020:020:010:01STOPSTOP0:200:200:190:190:180:180:170:170:160:160:150:150:140:140:130:130:120:120:110:110:300:300:290:290:280:280:270:270:260:260:250:250:240:240:230:230:220:220:210:211:001:000:400:400:390:390:380:380:370:370:360:360:350:350:340:340:330:330:320:320:310:310:500:500:490:490:480:480:470:470:460:460:450:450:440:440:430:430:420:420:410:410:590:590:580:580:570:570:560:560:550:550:540:540:530:530:520:520:510:511:101:101:091:091:081:081:071:071:061:061:051:051:041:041:031:031:021:021:011:011:201:201:191:191:181:181:171:171:161:161:151:151:141:141:131:131:121:121:111:111:301:301:291:291:281:281:271:271:261:261:251:251:241:241:231:231:221:221:211:211:401:401:391:391:381:381:371:371:361:361:351:351:341:341:331:331:321:321:311:311:501:501:491:491:481:481:471:471:461:461:451:451:441:441:431:431:421:421:411:411:591:591:581:581:571:571:561:561:551:551:541:541:531:531:521:521:511:512:002:00
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July 10, 2008
Recognizing academic Recognizing academic vocabularyvocabulary
Separates success for second-language students
Technical language (jargon) Understanding roots and affixes
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Strategies for teaching Strategies for teaching vocabularyvocabulary
Vocabulary Clues Concept Definition Map Frayer Model
WP
14-17, 19
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July 10, 2008
ALLNot Not ALLALL terms are critically important! terms are critically important!
So how do we decide what to put on our list? Resources Collection-
National Standards State Standards Local resources
Vocabulary DevelopmentVocabulary Development
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July 10, 2008
FIGURE 7.1
Estimated Number of Terms ThatCan Be Taught at Various Grade Levels
Grade Level Number ofWords Per Week
Total Wordsin 32 Weeks
CumulativeTotal
6 15 480 1,216
7 20 640 1,856
8 20 640 2,496
Adapted from Marzano’s book, Building Background Knowledge for Academic Achievement
Vocabulary DevelopmentVocabulary Development
NOT per subject!
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Vocabulary Instruction – Vocabulary Instruction – Beyond Just the DictionaryBeyond Just the Dictionary
•Concept Definition Maps
•Visual and Virtual Word Association
•Frayer Model
Some ExamplesSome Examples
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Verbal and Visual Word AssociationVerbal and Visual Word Association
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
Vocabulary Term
Visual Representatio
n
DefinitionPersonal
Association or
Characteristic
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Manifest Destiny
The belief in the 19th century that the U.S. would, and had the right to, inevitable
expand westward all the way to the Pacific
Ocean.Destined to get
bigger.
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Latitude
Visual Representation
Definition Personal Association or Characteristic
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
Sheet of PaperSheet of Paper Fold the paper in half then fold the top half down to form a
quarter and the bottom half up for another quarter.
Vocabulary FoldableVocabulary FoldableMost useful for related pairs of words or pairs of words that are often confused.
Democracy
Monarchy
Monarchy
government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
Picture
Monarchy Definition
Write two related terms or terms that are often confused – one on each outside flap.
Write the definition inside and draw a picture on the back of the word.
Open the paper
Democracy Definition
Results
4-Yes1-No
Democracy Definition
government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
Picture
Results
4-Yes1-No
Monarchy Definition
a state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in a monarch.
Picture
government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
a state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in a monarch.
Democracy
Monarchy
Finished!Finished!
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July 10, 2008
Pre-learning Concept CheckPre-learning Concept Check
List key concepts Students determine where they are before
reading Great test taking skill
+ = expert = heard of it 0 = do not know it
WP
9-10
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Key TermsKey Terms
___ Absolutism ___ Polarization ___ Oligopoly ___ Conscription ___ Suborn ___ Egalitarian
___ Social democrat ___ Debunk ___ Bi-partisan___ Privatize ___ Omnicide ___ Federalist ___ Unilateralism
Read each term below and indicate in the blank whether your level of knowledge is:
+ = expert = heard of it 0 = do not know it
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Vocabulary Building - Vocabulary Building - WordSplashWordSplash
Using a Literacy Strategy to help students learn specific facts/terms from content areas.
Vocabulary development is best learned in the context of reading, writing, speaking and listening, not through arbitrary lists of terms and definitions.
Useful for building background knowledge and as a pre-reading strategy.
WP 11
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Benefits: Assess prior knowledge Provide motivation for reading Set a clear purpose for reading Decipher vocabulary Allow for a variety of modes of learning
Vocabulary Building - WordSplashVocabulary Building - WordSplash
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
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July 10, 2008
Vocabulary Building - WordSplashVocabulary Building - WordSplash
WP 11
Teacher creates a WordSplash with a collection of key terms from a passage (usually words students may be familiar with)Display words at angles and randomly on an overhead or chartStudents generate complete sentences using the words to predict the relationship between each term and the broad topic. May expand to be entire papers.Students read to check for accuracyCan become competitions
Natural Pest Control
apartmentsmites and aphids
pest-killers
lady
bugs
consumeinsecticides
unleashed
scattered
mission
Read “Legions of ladybug move into Manhattan,” USA Today, page 9A.
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Final Thoughts/QuestionsFinal Thoughts/Questions