south-south cooperation evolving realities, drivers and partners may 2004
TRANSCRIPT
South-South cooperationSouth-South cooperationEvolving realities, drivers and partnersEvolving realities, drivers and partners
May 2004May 2004
1. The past1. The past
South-South cooperationSouth-South cooperation
In ‘70s and ‘80s, S-S an expression of political solidarity and In ‘70s and ‘80s, S-S an expression of political solidarity and aspiration of developing countriesaspiration of developing countries
Based on sponsorship of capacity and needs matching Based on sponsorship of capacity and needs matching exercises, e.g.:exercises, e.g.:
TCDC fairs bringing countries togetherTCDC fairs bringing countries together
Data collection/dissemination (INRES; now the interactive Web Data collection/dissemination (INRES; now the interactive Web of Information on Development – WIDE)of Information on Development – WIDE)
Provision of data on experts, institutional capacities and best Provision of data on experts, institutional capacities and best practicespractices
South-South cooperation (cont’d.)South-South cooperation (cont’d.)
Helping establish suitable policy frameworks within Helping establish suitable policy frameworks within government for integrating TCDC in national planning government for integrating TCDC in national planning processesprocesses
Helping establish TCDC focal points in governments; Helping establish TCDC focal points in governments; developing institutional arrangementsdeveloping institutional arrangements
Moving TCDC exchanges beyond gov’t-to-gov’t networks to Moving TCDC exchanges beyond gov’t-to-gov’t networks to include private sector, civil societyinclude private sector, civil society
New Directions strategy in 1996 involving establishment of New Directions strategy in 1996 involving establishment of pivotal countries, triangular cooperation, &c.pivotal countries, triangular cooperation, &c.
Some limitations of past approachesSome limitations of past approaches
Cooperation hindered by:Cooperation hindered by:
Insufficient differentiation between countries in terms of technologies Insufficient differentiation between countries in terms of technologies and expertize limiting mutually beneficial exchangesand expertize limiting mutually beneficial exchanges
Most countries similarly situated in terms of resource endowments and Most countries similarly situated in terms of resource endowments and export marketsexport markets
Lack of communication and transportation linkagesLack of communication and transportation linkages
Tension between political aspirations and desire to obtain ‘state of the Tension between political aspirations and desire to obtain ‘state of the art’ technology from the Northart’ technology from the North
Resulted in sporadic, unconnected exchanges with uncertain resultsResulted in sporadic, unconnected exchanges with uncertain results
Historical relationships between North and South
Emerging 21Emerging 21stst century century realitiesrealities
Possible Possible trajectoriestrajectories
S-S conceived under S-S conceived under conditions of ‘70s and ‘80sconditions of ‘70s and ‘80s
S-S cooperation can S-S cooperation can be repurposed for a be repurposed for a
changing worldchanging world
Seizing on an evolving contextSeizing on an evolving context
2. The present2. The present
No longer monolithic North and monolithic SouthNo longer monolithic North and monolithic South
‘‘Developed’Developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
‘‘Emerging’Emerging’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
‘‘Least developed’Least developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
Flow in trade, finance, investment and ideasFlow in trade, finance, investment and ideas
‘‘Developed’Developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
‘‘Emerging’Emerging’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
‘‘Least developed’Least developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
Flow of global trade, Flow of global trade, finance, investment and finance, investment and ideas mostly within ideas mostly within ‘developed’ countries / ‘developed’ countries / sectorssectors
Limited no. of ‘emerging’ Limited no. of ‘emerging’ countries / sectors countries / sectors benefitingbenefiting
Many ‘least developed’ Many ‘least developed’ countries / sectors not countries / sectors not currently benefiting; currently benefiting; experiencing ‘reverse experiencing ‘reverse development’development’
Emerging responsesEmerging responses
Important new bodies and alliances, e.g.:Important new bodies and alliances, e.g.:
Rise of people-to-people networks, civil society, NGOsRise of people-to-people networks, civil society, NGOs
Sub-regional groups on WTO issuesSub-regional groups on WTO issues
Post Cancun: IBSAPost Cancun: IBSA
Regional solidarity e.g. African Union, East African Regional solidarity e.g. African Union, East African Community, SAARC, CARICOMCommunity, SAARC, CARICOM
OHRLLSOHRLLS
New Drivers of South-South cooperation for MDGsNew Drivers of South-South cooperation for MDGs Advances in education, science and technology in parts of South, Advances in education, science and technology in parts of South,
allowing beneficial technological transfersallowing beneficial technological transfers
Build up of capacity, experience and knowledge in solving social Build up of capacity, experience and knowledge in solving social and economic issues in LDCs, SIDs and land-locked statesand economic issues in LDCs, SIDs and land-locked states
Growing experience in meeting challenges of governance (e.g. Growing experience in meeting challenges of governance (e.g. performance of public administration, delivery of services)performance of public administration, delivery of services)
Strong growth in some economies, demonstrating potential to Strong growth in some economies, demonstrating potential to respond successfully to new global challengesrespond successfully to new global challenges
‘‘Leapfrogging’ possible owing to ICTLeapfrogging’ possible owing to ICT
““Emerging”Emerging”Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
Improving capacities and Improving capacities and experience; some needsexperience; some needs
““Least developed”Least developed”Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
Limited capacities, some Limited capacities, some experience; significant needsexperience; significant needs
““Developed”Developed”Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors
Established capacities and Established capacities and experience; some needsexperience; some needs
Summary of Summary of capacities, capacities,
experiences experiences and needsand needs
So what is the objective of So what is the objective of South-SouthSouth-South cooperation in this changing context?cooperation in this changing context?
‘Developed’Countries / Sectors
‘Emerging’Countries / Sectors
‘Least developed’Countries / Sectors
To utilize capacities and experience available in To utilize capacities and experience available in emerging countries / sectorsemerging countries / sectors
‘Developed’Countries / Sectors
‘Emerging’Countries / Sectors
‘Least developed’Countries / Sectors
To enable ‘win-win’ situations for more inclusive To enable ‘win-win’ situations for more inclusive globalization, in pursuit of the MDGsglobalization, in pursuit of the MDGs
3. Moving forward3. Moving forward
From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’from recent meetings in Hangzhou, China and Marrakech, Moroccofrom recent meetings in Hangzhou, China and Marrakech, Morocco
Notion of ‘Prime Mover’ countries developedNotion of ‘Prime Mover’ countries developed
Focus on most pressing development needs, Focus on most pressing development needs, esp. those of least dev’d countries / sectorsesp. those of least dev’d countries / sectors
Channel available and relevant experience in Channel available and relevant experience in Prime Movers for least dev’d countries / Prime Movers for least dev’d countries / sectorssectors
From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’, cont’d.From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’, cont’d.
Partner and pool resources for strategic Partner and pool resources for strategic results, fulfilling mutual interestsresults, fulfilling mutual interests
Particular interest shown by prime movers in Particular interest shown by prime movers in Africa (incl. Brazil, China, India, Malaysia Africa (incl. Brazil, China, India, Malaysia and Thailand)and Thailand)
Readiness to formulate scaled-up Readiness to formulate scaled-up programme facilitated by Special Unitprogramme facilitated by Special Unit
General criteria for ‘programming’ by the General criteria for ‘programming’ by the Special Unit for SSCSpecial Unit for SSC
Linked to Millennium Declaration and MDGsLinked to Millennium Declaration and MDGs
Benefits 2+ countries; emphasis on LDCsBenefits 2+ countries; emphasis on LDCs
Demand driven; using extant and relevant capacity / experienceDemand driven; using extant and relevant capacity / experience
Builds domestic capacityBuilds domestic capacity
Based on ‘record of results’, lessons learntBased on ‘record of results’, lessons learnt
Potential for mobilizing local, national, regional and international Potential for mobilizing local, national, regional and international resourcesresources
Builds on existing mechanisms, where feasibleBuilds on existing mechanisms, where feasible
Facilitation by Special Unit considered essentialFacilitation by Special Unit considered essential
S-S cooperation: potential initiatives for ‘04 & beyondS-S cooperation: potential initiatives for ‘04 & beyond
FOCUSFOCUS POTENTIAL INITIATIVESPOTENTIAL INITIATIVES
GovernanceGovernanceAwareness building for S-S trade and investmentAwareness building for S-S trade and investment
Conflict resolution for a stable public environmentConflict resolution for a stable public environment
Trade and Trade and investmentinvestment
Institutionalizing AABF mechanismInstitutionalizing AABF mechanism
Global SME networkGlobal SME network
Business environment: banking and vendor developmentBusiness environment: banking and vendor development
EducationEducation Knowledge-based / ICT skills for employment in a global Knowledge-based / ICT skills for employment in a global workplaceworkplace
Food securityFood securityPost harvest servicesPost harvest services
Food processingFood processing
Public HealthPublic Health
ARVs; pharmaceutical joint venturesARVs; pharmaceutical joint ventures
Medical services (incl. ultrasound); trainingMedical services (incl. ultrasound); training
Responses to preventable and communicable diseases, Responses to preventable and communicable diseases, incl. NGO solutionsincl. NGO solutions
Manufacture of disposable medical suppliesManufacture of disposable medical supplies
Peace buildingPeace building
Democratic systemsDemocratic systems
DeminingDemining
ReconstructionReconstruction
S-S cooperation: potential initiatives, cont’d.S-S cooperation: potential initiatives, cont’d.
FOCUSFOCUS POTENTIAL INITIATIVESPOTENTIAL INITIATIVES