south pole ozonesonde and dobson spectrophotometer ...€¦ · column ozone (dobson units) south...
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South Pole Ozonesonde and Dobson Spectrophotometer Measurements:
2012 Ozone Hole
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Bryan J. Johnson1, R. Evans1,P. Cullis2, C. Sterling2, G. McConville2 D. Quincy2, I Petropavlovskikh2, S. Oltmans2. 1NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 (303) 497-6842 , email: [email protected] 2CIRES, University of Colorado and NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
2012 -- October ozone minimum was much higher but loss rates in early September 2012 did not show any indication of ozone recovery.
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UV
NOAA GMD measures stratospheric ozone at South Pole from: 1. Ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer: 51 years 1962-2012 2. Balloon-borne ozonesondes: 27 years 1986-2012
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Balloon-Borne Ozonesonde
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• The Ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer and balloon-borne ozonesondes - a good combination for tracking stratospheric ozone.
• Dobson measures total column ozone as the view of the sun passes by the ARO Dobson room windows.
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Ozonesonde launch at Balloon Inflation Facility (BIF)
Dobson Spectrophotometer at Atmospheric Research Observatory (ARO)
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Summary of South Pole Sun Elevation Angle and Corresponding Ozone Measurements.
Increased frequency of ozonesonde launches during ozone hole period.
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NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division Laboratory Review, April 3-5, 2013 5
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NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division Laboratory Review, April 3-5, 2013
The maximum and min range show large variability of total column ozone beginning after Sept 25.
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NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division Laboratory Review, April 3-5, 2013 7
136 DU ranks as 23rd lowest minimum ozone total in 27 year record
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2006 Ozonesonde Profiles 2012
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2006 Ozonesonde Profiles 2012
024680246802468024
High ozone from outside the vortex
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-1990
Sondes flown at South Pole from 1967-1971 provide a good representation of full ozone hole recovery (>50 yrs: Newman)
The slower rate of ozone depletion in the 12-20 km layer during 1986-1990 is a good representation for first signs of recovery. (~4-9 yrs: Hassler)
Linear Dobson Units/Day
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-19901991-1995
5 Year Averages
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-19901991-19951996-2000
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-19901991-19951996-20002001-2005
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-19901991-19951996-20002001-20052006-2010
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-19901991-19951996-20002001-20052006-20102011
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
CO
LUM
N O
ZON
E (D
obso
n U
nits
)SOUTH POLE OZONE 12-20 KM COLUMN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Average Range 1986-2010
Max & Min↓
1967-19711986-19901991-19951996-20002001-20052006-201020112012
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“September loss rate dropping below about 3 DU/day at 12-20km can be used as another ozone recovery indicator”. David Hofmann et al. 1997 JGR
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Summary GMD monitors stratospheric ozone at South Pole Station: -- Ground based Dobson Spectrophotometer observations (51 year record). -- Balloon-borne ozonesonde profiles (27 year record).
• Total column minimum ranked at #23 in 27 year record for
ozonesondes.
• 12-20 km layer reduces influence of dynamics and shows the depletion rate remains in typical 3.2 to 3.8 DU per day range.
• When do we expect first signs of recovery at South Pole? “Assuming a lineal relationship between ozone loss rate and Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine - a reduction of the ozone loss rate at South Pole station will be detectable in 2017-2021 period “ Hassler et al., (2011).
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