south american indigenous tribes by: katie schleper
TRANSCRIPT
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South American Indigenous Tribes
By: Katie Schleper
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Background Info
• Many of the estimated 2,000 nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century died out as a consequence of the European settlement, and many were assimilated into the Brazilian population.
• Many indigenous people died as a result of Europeans killing them off.
• There is a confirmed number of 67 uncontacted tribes in Brazil, as of 2007.
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Jivaro Tribe• Although there are many
headhunting cultures around the world, this tribe is the only group known for shrinking heads (tsantsa)
• The Jivaro live deep in the Ecuadorian Amazon rainforest, neighboring the Peruvian rainforest
• The Jivaro are the only tribe to resist being overcome by the Spanish, Incas, and early conquistadors
• The Jivaro have a reputation for fierceness
• Molten gold was once poured down a Spanish Governor's throat until his bowels burst
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Kayapo Tribe
• The Kayapo Tribe lives in the vast Matto Grosso plains
• The Kayapo men traditionally wear disks in their lower lips
• Body adornment is important in their tribe, ear plugs symbolize receptivity to others, while lip plugs symbolize assertiveness
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Penare (Pah-nah-ree) Tribe• The Penare people live in the
Venezuelan Amazon Basin• They are very traditional, they
still live in thatched huts, and dress in traditional clothing
• Penare women are not allowed to learn Spanish, when speaking to outsiders they must communicate through a male interpreter
• While this is obviously sexist, it is also a good thing because women continue to pass down the culture, myths, and stories
• It has been said that after a tribe begins speaking Spanish, the native culture disappears in about 25 years
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Yanomamo Tribe• The Yanomamo people live in
the Amazon Basin in Venezuela and Brazil
• This tribe is believed to be the most primitive and culturally intact, they are literally a stone age tribe
• The Yanomamo have never discovered the wheel
• The only metal that the people use is that which has been traded with them from outsiders
• Their numbering system is one, two, and more than two
• The tribe cremates their dead, and crushes and drinks the bones in a ceremony intended to keep their loved ones with them forever
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Tupi Tribe• The Tupi tribe was believed to
occupy the Amazon rainforest and later migrated to the Atlantic coast
• Tupi tribes often fought amongst themselves because there was no unified Tupi identity
• The Tupi tribe practiced cannibalism as a ritual after war
• The Tupi captured enemies and ate them because they believed that they were absorbing the strength of that enemy
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Tapirapé Tribe• The tribe lives deep in the
Amazon rainforest• The Tapirapé tribe lived off of a
slash and burn horiculture, plots of land were only planted once or twice before another patch was cleared
• The Tapirapé people have a strict population control policy
• No couple could have more than three children, and not more than two of the same gender
• This was because of the logic that estimated that no man could support more than three children
• Any extra children were immediately killed
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Matsés or Mayoruna Tribe
• This tribe inhabits the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon
• The Mayoruna people believe that there is no distinction between the spiritual and physical world
• The people often practice polygamy (more than one partner) and cross-cousin marriages are common
• Bows and arrows are the most common weapons, but are only used for hunting
• Mayoruna people historically used blowguns, but recently abandoned them in favor of archery