south america mineral production
TRANSCRIPT
1997–2006
South America Mineral Production
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
South America Mineral Production 1997–2006 A product of the World Mineral Statistics database
Author: P A J Lusty Technical support: A C MacKenzie and N E Idoine
Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2008
ii
© NERC 2008 all rights reserved First Published 2008
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
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The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation.
The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Desks.
The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department for International Development.
The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council.
All communications regarding the content of this publication should be addressed to the Head of Science, Minerals, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG 0115-936 3495 Fax 0115 936 3520 E-mail [email protected]
The compilations presented in this book are copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the Director, British Geological Survey.
Bibliographical reference BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2008. South America Mineral Production 1997–06. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.)
Front cover A truck hauling ore at the Lomas Bayas open pit mine in Chile (reproduced by kind permission of Xstrata)
Lomas Bayas is a porphyry copper deposit located in northern Chile’s Second Region. The mine is situated in the Atacama Desert, at an altitude of 1 500 metres, approximately 120 kilometres from the port of Antofagasta. The Lomas Bayas operation consists of an open pit copper mine and solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-EW) plant. Lomas Bayas annually produces 65 000 tonnes of copper cathode. In 2007 an expansion to 75 000 tonnes per annum of copper cathode was approved and is due to for completion in the second half of 2008.
iii
CONTENTS
Country Index
Argentina 2 Bolivia 3 Brazil 4 Chile 6 Colombia 7 Ecuador 8 French Guiana 8 Guyana 8 Paraguay 9 Peru 9 Suriname 10 Uruguay 10 Venezuela 11
EXPLANATORY NOTES
The statistics in this publication are from a more comprehensive database that is published as the World Mineral Production series.
Coverage
South America Mineral Production covers the majority of economically important mineral commodities. For each commodity constant efforts are made to ensure that as many producing countries as possible are reported. For some commodities, where statistics on production are not publicly available, estimates are made. Users of this compilation are advised that more statistical information than can be included in a publication of this nature is held in the BGS files and is available for consultation.
Metals
Mine production of many metals is expressed in terms of metal content. This is clearly indicated adjacent to the commodity description. Unless otherwise specified, metal production statistics relate to metal recovered from both domestic or imported materials, whether primary or secondary, but exclude remelted material.
Exclusion of Warranty
Use by recipients of information provided by the BGS, is at the recipients’ own risk. BGS has taken care to ensure that information provided is as free from error as is reasonably practical. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality, accuracy, performance, and merchantability of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use whether made known to BGS or otherwise. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurrence however caused.
Acknowledgements
Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been possible only by obtaining information from a very large number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly government departments and specialist national or international authorities concerned with particular sectors of the minerals or metals industries. To all these bodies the British Geological Survey expresses its grateful acknowledgement for the information made available, whether in published form or provided by direct correspondence.
Particular acknowledgement is made to the Mines Departments and other government agencies of many countries whose regular statements, yearbooks and other reports including Sumário Mineral Brasileiro; Anuario de la Minería de Chile; Anuario de Estadísticas del Cobre y Otros Minerales; Memorias al Congreso Nacional, Colombia are worthy of direct consultations by readers in search of detail.
Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly allowed information to be reproduced include the International Copper Study Group, the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, the International Nickel Study Group and the International Fertilizer Industry Association Ltd. In a few instances, information on specific commodities has been obtained directly from company sources. The co-operation of other members of the International Consultative Group on Non-Ferrous Metal Statistics is also gratefully acknowledged.
Supplementary information is also obtained from publications dealing with a wide range of commodities such as Mining Journal, Mining Annual Review; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, World Metal Statistics and Metallstatistik; publications of the United States Geological Survey, UN Agencies and BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
In addition, information has been obtained from the websites of the following organisations: United Nations; International Iron and Steel Institute; World Nuclear Association; International Fertilizer Association; Instituto Latinoamericano del Fierro y el Acero; Instituto Argentino de Siderurgia; Instituto Argentino del Petróleo y del Gas; Dirección Nacional de Minería, Argentina; Aluar Aluminio Argentino; Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Bolivia; Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral, Brazil; Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Brazil; Paranapanema S.A, Brazil; Associação Brasileira de Produtores de Ferroligas e de Silício Metálico; Brazilian Aluminum Association; Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Chile; Comisión Chilena del Cobre; Ministerio de Minas y Energía, Colombia; IFI – Concesión de Salinas, Colombia; Ministerio de Minas y Petróleos, Ecuador; Banco Central del Ecuador; Bank of Guyana; Ministerio de Energia y Minas Repúblic del Perú; Sociedad Nacional de Minería, Petróleo y Energía, Peru; US Energy Information Administration; Bauxite Institute Suriname; Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname; Cambior Inc.; Dirección Nacional de Minería y Geología, Uruguay; Anglo American.
Units
The Statistics are expressed in metric units. The following factors are given for converting to non-metric units:
tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet 1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels of crude petroleum. 1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms 1 metric ton unit = 10 kilograms
iv
Conversion of national currencies to pounds sterling has been made using the annual average factors shown for each country in International Financial Statistics published by the International Monetary Fund.
Symbols
... figures not available 0 quantity less than half unit shown — nil * estimated BGS British Geological Survey
v
TABLE NOTES
Bauxite (1) Includes production of refractory bauxite Alumina (1) Where possible figures show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3)
of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined Antimony, mine (1) Includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys White arsenic (1) Includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal
produced except where this would involve double counting Barytes (1) Statistics may include small quantities of witherite Bentonite and fuller's earth (1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite
group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite, the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process
(3) In some countries calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties
Bismuth, mine (1) The figures are in some instances derived from reported
bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in ores and concentrates exported
(2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is insignificant in the countries shown
Cadmium (1) Data exclude secondary metal unless otherwise stated Coal (1) There is no international agreement as to the separate
definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished. Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term
Cobalt, mine (1) There is frequently a considerable disparity between the
cobalt content of ore raised and cobalt actually recovered (2) Figures relate where possible to cobalt recovered Copper, smelter (1) Figures show primary metal in the form of blister and anode
produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified
Copper, refined (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper,
whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary materials by remelting alone is excluded
Diamond (1) Production of synthetic diamond is not included (2) So far as possible the amounts shown include estimates for
illegal production Gold, mine (1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in
small operations are not recorded in the official statistics used when compiling these tables
Graphite (1) Includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but
excludes synthetic material
Gypsum (1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum.
Where possible, this output is excluded Pig iron (1) The data include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI),
where these have been separately identified Crude steel (1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production
from scrap Lead, refined (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and
include the lead content of antimonial lead. Metal recovered from materials by remelting alone is excluded
Mercury (1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production
of mercury from copper electrowinning processes Nickel, smelter/refinery (1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-
nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts Crude petroleum (1) The figures include natural gas liquids Natural gas (1) So far as possible the figures exclude flared or reinjected gas Platinum group metals, mine (1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of platinum
group metals thought to be recovered from ores originating in the country stated
(2) Figures for metal production are only given for countries where recovery is thought to be based predominantly on domestic materials or on imported materials which have not been recorded as mine production elsewhere
Rare earth minerals (1) Figures refer to gross tonnage of concentrates Salt (1) Production of refined salt is not included (2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which
statistics are not available Sillimanite minerals (1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but
details of output are not reported Tantalum and niobium minerals (1) The figures refer to gross tonnage of tantalum and niobium
concentrates (2) Niobium and tantalum are also recovered from tin slags. This
source is particularly important in the case of tantalum and in recent years is believed to have accounted for over 60% of all tantalum recovered
Tin, smelter (1) The figures relate to both primary and secondary metal (2) Many countries produce small amounts of secondary metal Titanium minerals (1) The figures refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates Vanadium (1) Includes vanadium in slag products but excludes vanadium
recovered as a byproduct of the refining and burning of heavy oils
Zirconium minerals (1) The term 'zirconium minerals' is understood to mean zircon,
unless otherwise stated
vi
South America
The world’s fourth largest continent extends over 7400 km from north to south and with a maximum width of 5160 km. The South American mainland is made up of thirteen countries including French Guiana, an overseas department of France. The population of South America has more than doubled over the last forty years and the continent has one of the highest rates of urbanisation in the world. South America is a major trading partner, in particular with North America, Western Europe and Japan. The geological diversity of South America ensures the continent is relatively rich in mineral wealth, with some of the world’s largest deposits of copper, bauxite, iron ore and nickel. The copper endowment of Chile is particularly notable, accounting for 35 per cent of global copper production. South America makes a significant contribution to world production
of the following commodities: copper (45 per cent), molybdenum (32 per cent), silver (29 per cent), tin (20 per cent), iron ore (19 per cent), bauxite (18 per cent), gold (16 per cent), zinc (15 per cent), nickel (13 per cent) and lead (10 per cent). In addition it is an important petroleum producer, accounting for around nine per cent of world production. However, few countries in South America possess significant resources of metallic and energy minerals, and Uruguay and Paraguay are notably deficient in both. Latin America has been the leading region for world exploration expenditure for more than a decade, accounting for 24 per cent of worldwide non-ferrous metals exploration budgets in 2006. Peru and Brazil attract the most exploration expenditure in South America, accounting for four and five per cent of worldwide exploration expenditure in 2006, respectively (Metal Economics Group, 2007, www.metalseconomics.com).
STATISTICAL TABLES
2 A
rgen
tina
Th
e se
cond
larg
est c
ount
ry in
Sou
th A
mer
ica
is ri
ch in
nat
ural
reso
urce
s. M
iner
als
have
mad
e an
in
crea
sing
ly im
porta
nt c
ontri
butio
n to
GD
P in
rece
nt y
ears
. Arg
entin
a is
Sou
th A
mer
ica’
s se
cond
larg
est
gold
pro
duce
r afte
r Per
u, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r 11.
6 pe
r cen
t of r
egio
nal p
rodu
ctio
n. A
rgen
tina
is a
lso
beco
min
g an
impo
rtant
cop
per p
rodu
cer,
gene
ratin
g 2.
7 pe
r cen
t of t
he c
ontin
ent’s
cop
per,
with
a
num
ber o
f sig
nific
ant g
old
and
copp
er p
roje
cts
unde
r dev
elop
men
t. A
rgen
tina’
s hi
stor
ical
min
eral
prod
uctio
n ha
s be
en d
omin
ated
by
indu
stria
l min
eral
s. It
is th
e w
orld
’s th
ird la
rges
t pro
duce
r of b
orat
es
and
an im
porta
nt p
rodu
cer o
f lith
ium
. Arg
entin
a ha
s a
sign
ifica
nt h
ydro
carb
ons
indu
stry
, bei
ng th
e la
rges
t nat
ural
gas
pro
duce
r in
Sou
th A
mer
ica
and
the
third
big
gest
pet
role
um p
rodu
cer,
acco
untin
g fo
r 43
and
10
per c
ent o
f the
con
tinen
t’s p
rodu
ctio
n of
eac
h of
thes
e co
mm
oditi
es, r
espe
ctiv
ely.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Prim
ary
alum
iniu
m
tonn
es
186
330
186
605
204
600
263
870
243
840
267
776
273
524
273
575
275
071
268
805
Asbe
stos
to
nnes
30
1 30
9 25
9 25
4 20
3 15
5 16
6 26
7 26
0 29
9 Ba
ryte
s
tonn
es
13 1
21
1 83
3 4
365
5 47
2 6
955
3 04
8 6
934
2 76
2 3
355
6 27
6 Be
nton
ite a
nd fu
ller's
ear
th
Be
nton
ite
tonn
es
113
572
131
320
128
809
125
686
135
450
120
006
146
845
163
028
247
101
256
165
Fu
ller's
ear
th
tonn
es
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
*1 5
00
Bora
tes
to
nnes
42
2 55
6 27
9 27
2 56
5 64
7 51
2 62
4 63
3 52
0 51
5 55
5 51
2 16
7 82
1 03
1 63
2 79
2 53
3 53
5 C
adm
ium
to
nnes
45
34
—
—
34
—
25
39
56
*5
0 C
oal
Bi
tum
inou
s
tonn
es
250
136
218
270
353
839
246
000
149
851
56 3
24
117
832
120
060
320
000
295
333
Cop
per,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 30
421
17
0 27
3 21
0 12
6 14
5 19
7 19
1 66
7 20
4 02
7 19
9 02
0 17
7 14
3 18
7 31
7 18
0 14
4 C
oppe
r, re
fined
to
nnes
*1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 *1
6 00
0 D
iato
mite
to
nnes
9
449
25 4
30
34 0
56
17 6
63
17 0
90
23 3
14
35 5
18
8 18
0 34
045
38
543
Fe
ldsp
ar
tonn
es
105
320
42 4
68
62 9
26
59 4
66
48 5
22
82 6
42
90 8
57
125
684
151
307
170
728
Fluo
rspa
r
tonn
es
7 16
8 11
517
12
704
11
229
9
075
5 16
8 5
422
6 18
9 7
502
8 27
8 G
old
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
2 28
9 20
400
38
515
25
954
30
630
32
530
29
748
28
496
27
904
44
131
G
ypsu
m
tonn
es
729
495
650
356
571
344
559
277
371
527
362
556
387
936
674
935
1 07
3 28
6 1
202
812
Pig
iron
to
nnes
3
576
039
3 65
9 74
4 2
974
208
3 60
2 56
6 3
192
800
3 64
9 70
0 4
138
600
4 14
7 50
0 4
466
500
4 42
6 00
0 C
rude
ste
el
tonn
es
4 16
8 50
0 4
215
890
3 80
5 20
5 4
479
204
4 11
2 50
1 4
363
367
5 03
3 20
0 5
125
200
5 38
2 00
0 5
533
000
Ferr
o-al
loys
Ferr
o-m
anga
nese
to
nnes
7
672
5 00
0 *2
000
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Ferr
o-si
lico-
man
gane
se
tonn
es
25 0
00
25 0
00
*10
000
4 90
0 5
150
*5 0
00
*5 0
00
*5 0
00
*5 0
00
*5 0
00
Fe
rro-
silic
on
tonn
es
19 2
65
11 0
00
2 60
0 2
500
2 74
0 2
700
2 70
0 2
700
*2 7
00
*2 7
00
O
ther
ferro
-allo
ys
tonn
es
20 4
00
23 0
00
13 9
00
16 9
00
9 92
5 17
289
*1
5 00
0 15
000
*1
5 00
0 *1
5 00
0
Sili
con
met
al
tonn
es
...
7 00
0 *8
000
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
Ka
olin
to
nnes
47
365
46
832
52
665
34
023
13
584
13
865
19
219
39
072
54
903
49
619
Le
ad, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
13 7
60
15 0
04
14 2
56
14 1
15
12 3
34
12 0
11
12 0
79
9 55
1 10
683
12
778
Le
ad, r
efin
ed
tonn
es
32 1
16
30 3
57
25 6
95
35 7
00
35 4
33
43 6
00
41 3
11
49 1
11
45 6
07
49 0
64
Lith
ium
min
eral
s (a
) (b)
to
nnes
1
876
8 58
3 4
387
7 34
3 4
512
5 63
5 7
550
11 2
73
15 7
00
16 5
00
Mag
nesi
te
tonn
es
...
...
43 5
09
37 7
73
35 2
42
29 9
56
—
—
—
—
Mic
a
tonn
es
3 52
8 3
480
3 09
7 4
665
2 11
0 1
770
1 89
4 2
518
4 10
1 6
223
Perli
te
tonn
es
27 5
78
21 4
95
21 0
08
17 5
21
17 9
16
17 1
52
21 4
80
21 1
93
21 9
91
25 1
46
Cru
de p
etro
leum
to
nnes
44
174
851
44
834
345
42
423
518
40
994
335
41
445
316
40
242
083
39
307
638
35
910
829
34
117
773
33
806
223
N
atur
al g
as
mill
ion
m3
30 3
19
32 8
32
37 6
16
41 2
29
40 8
13
40 3
11
50 6
33
52 3
85
51 5
73
51 7
78
Salt
to
nnes
84
1 02
9 75
1 69
5 1
263
423
1 34
8 51
4 1
269
814
1 08
0 32
8 1
667
829
1 37
1 79
2 1
845
833
1 91
7 65
6 Si
lver
, min
e
kilo
gram
s (m
etal
con
tent
) 52
550
35
768
73
785
78
271
15
2 80
2 12
5 87
8 13
3 90
7 17
2 40
0 26
3 76
6 24
8 22
7 St
ront
ium
min
eral
s (c
)
tonn
es
3 04
9 2
416
2 14
1 4
656
3 65
5 2
595
4 30
0 6
727
7 23
3 19
822
Su
lphu
r and
pyr
ites
R
ecov
ered
(d)
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
23 0
00
Talc
Ta
lc
tonn
es
13 3
80
14 5
85
8 97
1 6
730
1 66
5 1
643
1 70
0 7
620
(e)
21 0
53
(e)
23 1
13
P
yrop
hylli
te
tonn
es
4 24
2 3
450
3 40
0 3
877
2 15
5 2
341
4 52
5 12
594
...
...
3
Arg
entin
a co
ntin
ued
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Ura
nium
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
35
8 8
...
...
...
...
...
...
—
Verm
icul
ite
tonn
es
822
903
*2 8
00
*2 8
00
1 11
0 1
105
1 12
4 1
293
1 40
3 1
585
Zinc
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 33
357
35
560
34
192
34
858
39
703
37
325
29
839
27
220
30
227
29
808
Sl
ab z
inc
to
nnes
41
772
41
777
43
443
39
269
42
907
41
797
42
360
38
298
40
457
45
991
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) C
arbo
nate
(b
) C
hlor
ide
(c)
May
con
tain
unb
enef
icia
ted
mat
eria
l (d
) Fr
om m
etal
sul
phid
e pr
oces
sing
(e
) In
clud
ing
talc
, aga
lmat
olite
and
pyr
ophy
llite
Bol
ivia
The
min
ing
sect
or is
a m
ajor
sou
rce
of e
xpor
t inc
ome
for B
oliv
ia w
hich
is th
e w
orld
’s fo
urth
larg
est
prod
ucer
of t
in, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r 5.5
per
cen
t of w
orld
pro
duct
ion.
Bol
ivia
is a
maj
or re
gion
al z
inc
prod
ucer
, co
ntrib
utin
g 10
.6 p
er c
ent t
o th
e co
ntin
ent’s
pro
duct
ion.
Bol
ivia
is th
e th
ird la
rges
t silv
er p
rodu
cer i
n S
outh
Am
eric
a an
d al
so h
as n
otab
le g
old
prod
uctio
n. It
is th
e w
orld
’s s
econ
d la
rges
t pro
duce
r of
antim
ony,
des
pite
pro
duci
ng o
nly
3.1
per c
ent a
nd is
a s
igni
fican
t pro
duce
r of t
ungs
ten,
bis
mut
h, le
ad
and
bora
tes.
Bol
ivia
has
ext
ensi
ve re
serv
es o
f nat
ural
gas
and
is th
e th
ird la
rges
t pro
duce
r in
Sou
th
Am
eric
a, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r 12.
1 pe
r cen
t of t
he c
ontin
ent’s
pro
duct
ion.
Rec
ent p
oliti
cal c
hang
es h
ave
brou
ght c
onsi
dera
ble
unce
rtain
ty to
Bol
ivia
’s m
inin
g se
ctor
with
con
cern
s ov
er n
atio
nalis
atio
n an
d ta
xatio
n ch
ange
s.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Antim
ony,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 5
999
4 73
5 2
790
1 90
7 2
072
2 34
3 2
432
3 03
6 5
204
5 46
0 W
hite
ars
enic
to
nnes
28
2 28
4 43
7 31
8 84
6 23
7 27
6 16
8 12
0 12
0 Ba
ryte
s
tonn
es
4 40
2 2
500
6 00
5 3
050
6 25
3 15
556
1
851
5 77
4 11
379
8
943
Bism
uth,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) ...
...
...
...
...
20
72
62
44
70
Bo
rate
s
tonn
es
12 4
69
15 9
30
15 3
62
41 0
21
32 4
77
40 4
79
109
545
68 0
31
63 4
99
50 7
27
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
13 2
92
14 4
44
11 7
86
12 0
00
12 3
74
11 2
69
9 36
1 6
165
8 87
1 9
628
Lead
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 18
608
13
848
10
153
9
523
9 09
0 9
268
9 35
3 10
252
11
231
11
955
C
rude
pet
role
um
tonn
es
1 39
8 50
0 1
602
357
1 35
5 15
7 1
282
403
1 44
9 57
0 1
438
604
1 55
1 00
0 1
891
000
1 95
7 00
0 1
888
000
Nat
ural
gas
m
illio
n m
3 3
016
3 10
6 2
612
3 59
7 5
275
6 42
1 7
398
10 2
57
12 5
36
14 4
34
Silv
er, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
387
200
403
961
422
540
433
590
409
720
460
900
466
300
412
550
420
300
472
210
Tin,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 12
898
11
308
12
417
12
503
12
039
13
210
16
386
18
115
18
639
17
669
Ti
n, s
mel
ter (
a)
tonn
es
16 8
53
11 1
02
11 1
66
9 35
3 11
292
10
976
12
836
13
627
13
841
*1
3 50
0 Tu
ngst
en, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
513
497
334
393
532
376
441
403
530
870
Zinc
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 15
4 49
1 15
2 11
0 14
6 14
4 14
9 13
4 14
1 98
3 14
1 70
8 14
5 49
0 14
7 43
0 15
9 50
2 17
2 74
7
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) R
efin
ed, i
nclu
ding
allo
ys
4 B
razi
l A
s th
e w
orld
’s fi
fth la
rges
t cou
ntry
Bra
zil i
s th
e le
adin
g ec
onom
y in
Sou
th A
mer
ica
and
a pr
inci
pal g
loba
l pr
oduc
er o
f a n
umbe
r of m
iner
al c
omm
oditi
es. I
t is
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f tan
talu
m a
nd n
iobi
um
min
eral
s. B
razi
l is
the
wor
ld’s
sec
ond
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f bau
xite
, alu
min
a, ir
on o
re (B
razi
l’s m
ost
impo
rtant
min
eral
exp
ort)
and
rare
ear
th m
iner
als.
Bra
zil p
rodu
ces
11.9
per
cen
t of w
orld
bau
xite
, 9.
3 pe
r cen
t of a
lum
ina
and
17.6
per
cen
t of i
ron
ore.
It is
the
wor
ld’s
third
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f gra
phite
(3.8
per
cen
t of w
orld
pro
duct
ion)
and
kao
lin (9
.8 p
er c
ent w
orld
pro
duct
ion)
. Bra
zil i
s th
e w
orld
’s fo
urth
la
rges
t pro
duce
r of m
anga
nese
(10.
0 pe
r cen
t of g
loba
l pro
duct
ion)
and
has
sig
nific
ant c
hrom
ium
, co
pper
, gol
d, a
lum
iniu
m, n
icke
l and
zirc
oniu
m p
rodu
ctio
n. B
razi
l has
ext
ensi
ve o
il re
serv
es, r
anki
ng a
s th
e se
cond
larg
est p
rodu
cer i
n S
outh
Am
eric
a an
d ac
coun
ting
for 2
.4 p
er c
ent o
f glo
bal p
rodu
ctio
n.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Baux
ite (
a)
tonn
es
11 5
39 9
65
11 5
66 7
98
12 6
61 7
46
13 9
74 4
80
13 3
88 1
00
13 1
47 9
00
18 4
56 8
00
20 5
11 8
00
22 0
34 6
00
22 8
36 3
00
Alum
ina
to
nnes
(Al 2O
3 con
tent
) 3
088
000
3 32
2 10
0 3
515
100
3 75
4 10
0 3
519
700
3 85
5 40
0 4
713
800
5 12
6 50
0 5
201
100
6 72
0 20
0 Pr
imar
y al
umin
ium
to
nnes
1
189
100
1 20
8 00
0 1
249
600
1 27
1 40
0 1
132
000
1 31
8 40
0 1
380
600
1 45
7 40
0 1
497
600
1 60
4 50
0 As
best
os
tonn
es
208
447
198
332
188
386
209
332
172
695
194
732
231
115
252
067
236
047
227
304
Bary
tes
(b)
tonn
es
43 3
07
48 6
34
40 8
24
54 1
00
54 7
90
53 0
98
57 4
52
50 4
30
42 9
24
47 6
11
Bent
onite
and
fulle
r's e
arth
Bent
onite
to
nnes
11
7 15
6 26
4 30
3 29
6 48
9 31
7 62
1 26
0 28
2 30
4 78
2 39
2 42
2 43
2 22
4 45
9 67
9 41
9 21
4 Be
ryl
to
nnes
...
...
11
13
—
*4
*4
*4
*4
*4
C
adm
ium
to
nnes
*1
30
*130
*1
30
*135
*1
40
151
189
187
200
*200
C
hrom
ium
ore
s an
d co
ncen
trate
s to
nnes
11
2 27
4 16
0 74
2 19
0 00
0 25
3 24
8 41
9 04
9 28
3 99
1 37
6 86
2 59
3 47
6 61
6 53
4 56
2 73
9 C
oal
Bi
tum
inou
s &
ligni
te (b
) to
nnes
5
542
000
5 08
4 35
7 6
062
963
6 79
7 29
4 5
645
578
5 14
3 48
8 4
643
319
5 40
8 27
8 6
048
105
6 21
5 25
8 C
obal
t, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
1 50
0 2
500
2 90
0 4
100
4 40
0 4
300
4 20
0 4
300
*4 3
00
*4 3
00
Cob
alt m
etal
to
nnes
26
6 36
4 63
0 79
2 88
9 96
0 1
097
1 15
5 1
136
902
Cop
per,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 39
952
34
446
31
371
31
786
32
734
32
711
26
275
10
3 15
3 13
3 32
5 14
7 83
6 C
oppe
r, sm
elte
r
tonn
es
177
060
167
205
193
014
184
257
212
243
187
605
173
378
208
020
199
043
219
684
Cop
per,
refin
ed
tonn
es
177
060
167
205
193
014
184
257
212
243
187
605
173
378
208
020
199
043
219
684
Dia
mon
d
cara
ts
*100
000
10
0 34
9 *9
00 0
00
*1 0
00 0
00
*700
000
*5
00 0
00
*400
000
*3
00 0
00
*300
000
*2
00 0
00
Dia
tom
ite (
b)
tonn
es
14 2
15
13 5
57
9 22
3 10
164
10
010
5
835
6 92
0 7
200
7 67
0 8
968
Feld
spar
(b)
to
nnes
79
399
14
5 78
3 15
0 49
2 22
7 21
5 13
9 64
4 97
742
10
2 07
7 28
0 29
3 19
6 41
9 16
6 41
8 Fl
uors
par (
b)
tonn
es
78 0
32
72 0
85
44 9
26
44 0
46
43 7
34
47 8
99
56 3
46
57 7
72
66 5
12
63 6
04
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
52 3
35
46 0
31
51 4
22
50 3
93
42 8
84
41 6
62
40 4
16
47 5
96
38 2
93
40 0
75
Gra
phite
(b)
to
nnes
41
444
61
369
53
503
71
208
60
666
60
922
70
739
76
332
75
515
76
194
G
ypsu
m
(b)
tonn
es
1 35
2 47
6 1
283
955
1 49
6 93
6 1
497
790
1 50
6 61
9 1
633
311
1 52
9 01
5 1
474
911
1 58
2 24
8 1
737
220
Iron
ore
(a)
to
nnes
1
84 9
24 5
80
199
233
506
1
94 4
85 9
74
210
000
000
201
400
000
214
560
000
234
478
000
261
696
128
281
462
088
317
800
229
Pig
iron
to
nnes
25
336
000
25
446
800
24
948
500
28
135
000
27
731
000
30
055
000
32
449
000
34
558
000
33
884
000
32
452
000
C
rude
ste
el
tonn
es
26 1
52 9
00
25 7
59 9
00
24 9
96 2
00
27 8
65 0
00
26 7
17 0
00
29 6
04 0
00
31 1
47 0
00
32 9
09 0
00
31 6
10 0
00
30 9
01 0
00
Ferr
o-al
loys
Ferr
o-ch
rom
e
tonn
es
67 4
29
65 6
83
78 8
74
134
562
84 4
28
123
175
171
257
177
276
154
874
130
992
Fe
rro-
silic
o-ch
rom
e
tonn
es
7 05
6 6
824
11 9
10
7 79
0 5
899
10 5
22
8 15
1 11
560
15
429
8
221
Fe
rro-
silic
o-m
agne
sium
to
nnes
14
076
7
717
9 88
2 9
658
11 0
32
14 5
52
14 0
40
37 0
31
43 9
80
31 3
14
Fe
rro-
man
gane
se
tonn
es
152
530
137
549
85 2
60
121
277
96 0
16
156
435
176
735
179
971
*185
000
*1
85 0
00
Fe
rro-
silic
o-m
anga
nese
to
nnes
17
5 91
9 12
4 45
8 14
8 38
4 17
1 30
4 18
0 23
5 18
2 73
1 26
1 65
8 28
5 62
9 34
1 56
5 19
8 75
3
Ferr
o-ni
ckel
to
nnes
32
015
26
389
19
807
19
315
17
966
19
874
19
378
20
338
21
200
27
600
Ferr
o-ni
obiu
m
tonn
es
25 4
75
30 9
73
28 5
57
27 3
59
37 4
11
36 4
50
37 3
03
35 8
63
58 6
16
60 8
26
Fe
rro-
silic
on
tonn
es
212
183
166
278
200
833
189
935
159
345
145
910
156
824
177
245
177
000
128
000
O
ther
ferro
-allo
ys
tonn
es
1 04
6 1
170
...
35 1
90
16 6
23
25 3
00
38 5
59
45 8
68
42 5
88
44 2
80
S
ilico
n m
etal
to
nnes
13
6 88
4 12
6 74
4 13
6 57
2 16
6 34
4 11
2 12
3 13
3 39
0 18
0 93
7 21
9 81
3 18
7 95
0 18
6 00
0 Ka
olin
to
nnes
(b
) 1
348
562
(b)
1 49
9 38
1 (b
) 1
652
997
(c)
1 63
9 67
3 (c
) 1
817
419
(c)
1 75
7 48
8 (c
) 2
081
000
(c)
2 38
1 00
0 (c
) 2
410
000
(c)
2 45
5 00
0 Le
ad, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
8 72
9 7
567
10 2
81
8 83
2 10
725
9
253
10 6
52
14 7
37
16 0
63
16 0
07
Lead
, ref
ined
(d)
to
nnes
44
500
48
000
52
000
50
000
47
000
50
000
12
8 61
0 13
7 12
1 10
4 90
4 14
2 65
3 Li
thiu
m m
iner
als
5
Bra
zil c
ontin
ued
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Pe
talit
e
tonn
es
386
260
442
1 07
7 18
7 ...
...
...
...
...
Spod
umen
e
tonn
es
6 49
9 9
035
10 6
29
9 79
6 8
897
12 0
46
9 75
5 9
064
8 92
4 8
585
Mag
nesi
te (
b)
tonn
es
294
629
342
485
282
145
279
876
308
809
302
230
306
444
366
174
386
759
323
902
Prim
ary
mag
nesi
um m
etal
to
nnes
*9
000
*9
000
7
968
5 72
3 5
500
4 50
0 4
000
3 00
0 3
000
5 00
0 M
anga
nese
ore
(a
) to
nnes
2
124
000
1 94
0 00
0 1
656
000
2 19
2 00
0 1
970
000
2 52
9 00
0 2
544
000
3 14
3 00
0 3
200
000
3 12
8 00
0 M
ica
to
nnes
*4
000
*4
000
*5
000
*4
000
*4
000
*4
000
*4
000
*4
000
*4
000
*4
000
N
icke
l, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
31 9
36
36 7
64
43 7
84
45 3
17
45 4
56
44 9
28
45 4
56
44 9
28
74 1
98
82 4
92
Nic
kel,
smel
ter/r
efin
ery
tonn
es
19 3
79
25 7
53
32 2
37
31 7
51
33 6
80
29 9
61
30 5
14
32 1
01
36 3
15
36 5
69
Cru
de p
etro
leum
to
nnes
44
545
677
51
620
023
58
310
277
65
720
000
68
950
000
77
600
000
80
300
000
79
820
000
88
600
000
93
600
000
N
atur
al g
as
mill
ion
m3
6 00
0 6
300
6 70
0 8
200
8 40
0 10
000
10
900
11
900
12
200
12
700
Ph
osph
ate
rock
(b)
to
nnes
4
257
391
4 43
7 81
8 4
343
638
4 72
5 10
6 4
684
546
5 08
3 70
3 5
583
778
5 68
9 00
0 5
631
000
5 80
1 00
0 Po
tash
Chl
orid
e
tonn
es (K
2O c
onte
nt)
270
825
315
606
336
623
351
748
318
585
337
266
415
549
403
080
404
871
403
080
Rar
e ea
rth m
iner
als
M
onaz
ite
tonn
es
...
...
...
—
—
—
—
731
958
958
Sal
t
Roc
k sa
lt
tonn
es
1 45
2 00
0 1
484
257
1 43
0 04
1 1
448
000
1 20
8 00
0 1
274
000
1 42
0 00
0 1
442
000
1 55
9 00
0 1
624
000
Se
a sa
lt
tonn
es
5 06
4 00
0 5
288
000
4 52
8 00
0 4
626
000
4 37
0 00
0 4
835
000
5 14
4 00
0 5
205
968
5 51
9 61
8 5
122
197
Sill
iman
ite m
iner
als
K
yani
te
(b)
tonn
es
*50
47
171
*200
*2
00
*200
*2
00
*200
*2
00
*200
Si
lver
, min
e
kilo
gram
s (m
etal
con
tent
) 10
000
10
000
10
000
10
000
10
000
10
000
6
496
6 19
2 6
672
6 54
1 Su
lphu
r and
pyr
ites
P
yrite
s
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
22 7
83
25 7
19
23 2
32
23 7
20
24 4
68
22 6
20
19 2
46
24 1
74
19 6
18
20 9
54
R
ecov
ered
(e)
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
175
511
186
806
217
119
217
238
280
079
284
184
285
824
279
631
266
817
297
539
R
ecov
ered
(f)
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
33 8
23
36 9
73
57 9
62
81 7
62
80 1
25
77 1
85
90 3
32
91 8
04
112
093
117
203
Talc
Ta
lc
tonn
es
(b)
265
042
(b)
258
695
(b)
216
454
(g)
450
000
(g)
397
000
(g)
348
000
(g)
369
000
(g)
409
946
(g)
413
340
(g)
389
391
Ag
alm
atol
ite (b
) to
nnes
11
1 08
3 98
445
10
5 30
6 ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Pyr
ophy
llite
(b)
tonn
es
18 2
59
11 1
73
11 4
51
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tant
alum
and
nio
bium
min
eral
s
Pyr
ochl
ore)
to
nnes
42
255
(h
) 51
000
(h
) 42
100
63
117
*7
0 00
0 *6
0 00
0 *6
6 00
0 *7
9 00
0 *1
46 0
00
*175
000
Col
umbi
te-ta
ntal
ite
tonn
es
2 60
0 5
100
5 40
0 6
400
7 30
0 *5
800
*6
200
*6
500
*6
600
*5
400
Dja
lmai
te
tonn
es
...
(j) 1
4 (j)
23
(j) 8
4 ...
...
...
...
...
...
Ti
n, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
19 0
65
14 6
07
13 2
00
14 2
00
13 0
16
12 0
23
12 2
17
12 2
02
11 7
39
9 52
8 Ti
n, s
mel
ter
to
nnes
17
525
14
342
12
787
13
823
12
109
11
538
10
761
11
512
8
986
8 78
0 Ti
tani
um m
iner
als
Ilm
enite
to
nnes
18
4 65
5 11
5 44
4 23
4 20
9 12
3 00
0 14
4 64
4 17
7 02
7 12
0 16
0 13
3 00
0 12
7 14
2 12
7 20
0
Rut
ile
tonn
es
2 19
6 2
323
3 38
8 3
162
2 27
0 1
878
2 30
3 2
117
2 06
9 21
00
Tung
sten
, min
e (i)
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
40
...
13
18
22
24
30
293
557
525
Ura
nium
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) ...
...
—
50
58
27
0 31
0 30
0 11
0 19
0 Ve
rmic
ulite
(b)
to
nnes
22
248
31
658
40
045
31
676
21
000
23
000
26
000
26
000
28
000
30
000
Zi
nc, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
152
634
87 4
75
98 5
90
100
254
111
432
136
339
152
822
158
962
170
659
185
211
Slab
zin
c
tonn
es
192
701
183
806
194
010
198
777
204
037
254
700
270
000
273
000
274
000
279
000
Zirc
oniu
m m
iner
als
(j)
tonn
es
19 2
52
21 4
83
27 0
48
28 3
35
17 0
31
20 0
00
27 1
98
25 2
63
25 6
57
25 1
20
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) In
clud
ing
bene
ficia
ted
and
dire
ct s
hipp
ing
ore
(b)
Incl
udin
g be
nefic
iate
d an
d di
rect
ly s
hipp
ed m
ater
ial
(f)
From
pet
role
um re
finin
g an
d/or
nat
ural
gas
(g
) In
clud
ing
talc
, aga
lmat
olite
and
pyr
ophy
llite
(h
) D
ata
for M
inas
Ger
ais
only
(c
) Be
nefic
iate
d
(i)
Mai
nly
sche
elite
(d
) In
clud
ing
scra
p fo
r dire
ct u
se
(
j) In
clud
ing
cald
asite
rock
con
tain
ing
zirc
on a
nd b
adde
leyi
te
(e)
From
met
al s
ulph
ide
proc
essi
ng
6 C
hile
Th
e m
iner
als
indu
stry
mak
es a
sig
nific
ant c
ontri
butio
n to
the
Chi
lean
eco
nom
y la
rgel
y as
a re
sult
of it
s hu
ge c
oppe
r end
owm
ent.
Chi
le is
the
wor
ld’s
lead
ing
copp
er p
rodu
cer a
nd e
xpor
ter,
acco
untin
g fo
r 35
per c
ent o
f wor
ld c
oppe
r pro
duct
ion.
Chi
le is
the
wor
ld’s
sec
ond
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f mol
ybde
num
(23.
2 pe
r cen
t) an
d lit
hium
min
eral
s. C
hile
is th
e w
orld
’s fi
fth la
rges
t silv
er p
rodu
cer a
nd th
e th
ird la
rges
t gol
d
prod
ucer
in S
outh
Am
eric
a, w
ith a
sig
nific
ant p
ropo
rtion
of g
old
and
silv
er p
rodu
ced
as a
by-
prod
uct o
f co
pper
ext
ract
ion.
Chi
le is
the
wor
ld’s
lead
ing
prod
ucer
of i
odin
e, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r mor
e th
an 6
0 pe
r cen
t of
glo
bal p
rodu
ctio
n, a
nd is
the
wor
ld’s
four
th la
rges
t pro
duce
r of b
orat
es. C
hile
lack
s si
gnifi
cant
re
sour
ce o
f ene
rgy
min
eral
s an
d is
bec
omin
g in
crea
sing
ly d
epen
dent
on
impo
rts.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Whi
te a
rsen
ic (
a)
tonn
es
11 1
59
11 6
90
9 78
9 10
712
*1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 Ba
ryte
s
tonn
es
2 65
4 1
430
823
1 02
6 58
4 38
4 22
9 31
91
37
5 Be
nton
ite a
nd fu
ller's
ear
th
Be
nton
ite
tonn
es
717
721
1 10
4 1
314
1 69
5 63
2 74
8 10
1 —
—
Bo
rate
s
tonn
es
170
605
280
140
324
691
337
966
327
743
431
293
400
603
594
191
460
683
459
645
Coa
l
Bitu
min
ous
to
nnes
13
4 43
5 11
6 61
1 82
240
11
0 03
9 12
3 32
0 12
9 93
9 13
6 49
5 14
0 18
6 13
8 05
6 98
673
Lign
ite
tonn
es
1 27
8 86
2 11
3 56
4 42
5 11
0 39
3 31
1 44
4 76
7 32
1 68
7 21
0 78
3 98
121
59
4 30
9 57
5 07
1 C
oppe
r, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
3 39
2 00
0 3
686
900
4 39
1 20
0 4
602
000
4 73
9 00
0 4
580
600
4 90
4 20
0 5
412
500
5 32
0 50
0 5
360
800
Cop
per,
smel
ter
to
nnes
1
389
600
1 40
3 10
0 1
473
900
1 46
0 40
0 1
503
200
1 43
8 70
0 1
542
400
1 51
7 60
0 1
558
100
1 56
5 40
0 C
oppe
r, re
fined
to
nnes
2
116
600
2 33
4 90
0 2
666
400
2 66
8 30
0 2
882
200
2 85
0 10
0 2
901
900
2 83
6 70
0 2
824
000
2 81
1 30
0 D
iato
mite
to
nnes
11
825
14
868
14
477
13
384
22
705
30
274
25
594
30
015
27
091
28
900
Fe
ldsp
ar
tonn
es
3 80
8 1
460
1 34
6 2
311
2 86
7 3
069
6 69
0 4
838
5 82
0 8
547
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
49 4
59
44 9
80
48 0
69
54 1
43
42 6
73
38 6
88
38 9
54
39 9
86
40 4
47
42 1
00
Gyp
sum
to
nnes
39
8 35
4 78
0 67
6 88
6 29
4 37
5 84
7 51
6 87
6 60
9 55
0 66
2 25
9 63
0 44
4 66
0 75
3 84
5 33
1 Io
dine
ki
logr
ams
(a)
8 83
2 34
4 9
722
000
9 31
7 00
0 10
474
000
11
355
000
11
648
000
13
916
000
14
931
000
15
346
000
16
494
000
Iro
n or
e
tonn
es
8 73
8 19
1 9
112
055
8 34
5 03
5 8
728
927
8 83
4 15
2 7
268
803
8 01
1 02
3 8
003
491
7 86
2 00
0 8
629
000
Pig
iron
to
nnes
94
1 46
5 99
2 56
8 1
029
522
1 02
3 69
5 89
7 00
0 96
3 90
0 98
7 80
0 1
137
000
1 10
0 00
0 1
121
000
Cru
de s
teel
to
nnes
1
167
492
1 17
1 40
9 1
290
512
1 35
1 98
6 1
246
863
1 27
9 54
9 1
377
400
1 57
9 00
0 1
541
000
1 55
7 00
0 Fe
rro-
allo
ys
Fe
rro-
man
gane
se
tonn
es
5 60
8 5
122
2 83
3 4
011
1 97
5 —
—
—
—
—
Ferr
o-si
lico-
man
gane
se
tonn
es
3 17
5 3
921
2 04
8 1
802
153
...
...
...
...
...
Fe
rro-
mol
ybde
num
to
nnes
3
157
1 97
8 2
079
1 45
4 1
784
1 78
4 4
423
5 76
2 6
500
7 40
0
Ferr
o-si
licon
to
nnes
1
294
1 15
9 1
000
*1 0
00
*1 1
00
*1 1
00
...
...
...
...
Kaol
in
tonn
es
14 2
38
11 5
30
4 36
1 6
445
5 30
0 6
164
11 5
00
51 7
69
15 1
83
44 6
42
Lead
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 1
264
337
608
785
1 19
3 2
895
1 69
7 2
286
878
672
Lith
ium
min
eral
s (b
) to
nnes
24
246
28
377
30
231
35
869
31
320
35
242
41
667
43
971
43
595
50
035
M
anga
nese
ore
to
nnes
63
673
48
931
40
505
41
716
31
320
12
195
19
641
25
801
39
786
37
169
M
ercu
ry (c
)
kilo
gram
s *2
5 00
0 *2
5 00
0 *2
5 00
0 *2
5 00
0 *3
7 40
0 *5
0 00
0 *5
0 00
0 *5
0 00
0 *5
0 00
0 *5
0 00
0 M
olyb
denu
m, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
21 3
39
25 2
98
27 2
70
33 6
39
33 4
92
29 4
67
33 3
75
41 8
83
47 8
85
43 1
58
Cru
de p
etro
leum
to
nnes
44
6 11
7 42
7 55
3 33
5 55
8 29
7 24
7 35
1 68
8 30
0 00
0 18
7 00
0 18
3 00
0 17
1 00
0 18
3 00
0 N
atur
al g
as
mill
ion
m3
3 21
1 3
218
2 95
7 2
702
2 68
4 2
543
2 18
1 2
106
2 39
4 2
106
Phos
phat
e ro
ck
tonn
es
12 6
05
31 4
05
20 4
08
18 5
24
18 9
77
19 5
41
21 3
00
21 4
65
20 3
63
13 8
36
Pota
sh
C
hlor
ide
to
nnes
(K20
con
tent
) *2
45 0
00
*285
000
*3
45 0
00
*360
000
*4
20 0
00
575
000
563
000
559
000
547
000
*450
000
Nitr
ate
to
nnes
(K20
con
tent
) *4
5 00
0 *4
7 00
0 *4
9 00
0 *5
3 00
0 *5
7 00
0 ...
...
...
...
...
Sa
lt
tonn
es
5 48
8 13
5 6
207
266
6 07
4 42
6 5
082
911
5 98
9 41
6 3
502
613
6 21
3 47
3 4
938
928
6 06
7 58
3 4
580
471
Sele
nium
met
al
tonn
es
(a)
63
(a)
29
(a)
70
(a)
47
(a)
84
...
...
...
...
...
Silv
er, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
1 09
1 31
1 1
340
199
1 38
0 71
1 1
242
194
1 34
8 66
7 1
210
473
1 31
2 78
9 1
360
140
1 39
9 53
9 1
607
164
Sulp
hur a
nd p
yrite
s
Rec
over
ed (d
) to
nnes
(sul
phur
con
tent
) 76
8 00
0 89
9 00
0 1
037
000
1 09
6 00
0 1
160
000
1 23
1 00
0 1
426
000
1 50
7 00
0 1
788
000
1 60
5 00
0 Ta
lc
tonn
es
710
842
625
576
792
563
840
722
886
704
Zinc
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 33
934
15
943
32
263
31
403
32
762
36
161
33
051
27
635
28
841
36
238
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) E
xpor
ts
(
b)
Car
bona
te
(c)
Fro
m c
oppe
r sol
vent
ext
ract
ion
and
elec
trow
inni
ng p
roce
sses
(d
) F
rom
met
al s
ulph
ide
proc
essi
ng
7
Col
ombi
a E
nerg
y m
iner
als
mak
e a
sign
ifica
nt c
ontri
butio
n to
Col
ombi
a’s
econ
omy.
It is
the
lead
ing
prod
ucer
of
coal
in S
outh
Am
eric
a, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r mor
e th
an 8
0 pe
r cen
t of t
he re
gion
’s c
oal p
rodu
ctio
n, a
nd th
e co
ntin
ent’s
fifth
rank
ed p
etro
leum
pro
duce
r. C
olom
bia
is th
e on
ly p
rodu
cer o
f pla
tinum
gro
up m
etal
s in
S
outh
Am
eric
a an
d th
e la
rges
t pro
duce
r of n
icke
l and
ferr
onic
kel,
acco
untin
g fo
r 6.2
per
cen
t of w
orld
nick
el p
rodu
ctio
n. D
espi
te a
sub
stan
tial f
all i
n pr
oduc
tion
durin
g 20
06 C
olom
bia
rem
ains
an
impo
rtant
go
ld p
rodu
cer,
rank
ing
as th
e fif
th la
rges
t pro
duce
r in
Sou
th A
mer
ica.
Sec
urity
impr
ovem
ents
and
re
visi
ons
to th
e m
inin
g co
de h
ave
resu
lted
in c
onsi
dera
ble
fore
ign
inte
rest
in C
olom
bia’
s m
iner
als
indu
stry
ove
r the
last
two
year
s.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Asbe
stos
(a)
to
nnes
13
6 70
0 12
8 44
6 61
125
59
249
96
140
62
785
*6
0 00
0 *6
0 00
0 *6
0 00
0 *6
0 00
0 Ba
ryte
s
tonn
es
900
*900
*9
00
*900
*8
00
*600
*2
400
*2
000
*2
000
*2
000
Be
nton
ite a
nd fu
ller's
ear
th
Be
nton
ite
tonn
es
8 64
0 *8
500
*8
500
*8
500
*8
500
*8
500
*8
500
*8
500
*8
500
*8
500
C
oal
Bi
tum
inou
s
tonn
es
32 7
97 0
00
33 7
51 0
00
32 7
54 0
00
38 1
42 0
00
43 4
40 7
00
39 4
84 0
00
50 0
28 0
00
53 6
91 0
00
59 0
64 0
00
65 5
96 0
00
Cop
per,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 1
800
*1 8
00
*2 1
00
2 01
8 2
000
1 70
0 1
500
1 60
0 1
800
600
Dia
tom
ite
tonn
es
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
Feld
spar
to
nnes
66
845
*5
5 00
0 *5
5 00
0 *5
5 00
0 *5
5 00
0 93
450
*1
00 0
00
*100
000
*1
00 0
00
*100
000
G
old,
min
e
kilo
gram
s (m
etal
con
tent
) 18
811
18
813
34
599
37
018
21
813
20
823
46
515
37
738
35
783
15
683
G
ypsu
m
tonn
es
564
681
*560
000
*5
60 0
00
*560
000
*5
60 0
00
*560
000
*5
60 0
00
*560
000
*7
00 0
00
*750
000
Iro
n or
e
tonn
es
754
772
525
825
576
414
660
109
636
837
688
106
625
002
507
711
607
559
644
015
Pig
iron
to
nnes
32
3 70
1 25
5 89
6 26
4 36
2 27
2 25
4 31
8 95
3 30
9 30
0 28
3 30
0 28
8 00
0 32
5 00
0 35
1 00
0 C
rude
ste
el
tonn
es
733
951
635
814
534
038
659
882
638
259
662
859
668
400
806
000
1 00
7 00
0 1
058
000
Ferr
o-al
loys
Ferr
o-ni
ckel
to
nnes
58
500
65
400
65
900
64
500
89
400
10
1 00
0 10
8 10
0 11
1 70
0 12
2 70
0 11
8 90
0 Le
ad, r
efin
ed
tonn
es
*10
000
*12
000
*11
000
*10
000
*9 0
00
*9 0
00
*9 0
00
*9 0
00
*10
000
*10
000
Mag
nesi
te
tonn
es
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
*10
500
Nic
kel,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 31
230
29
422
39
274
58
927
53
000
58
500
70
800
75
100
89
000
94
100
N
icke
l, sm
elte
r/ref
iner
y
tonn
es
25 1
70
28 1
40
28 3
41
27 7
37
38 4
46
43 4
12
46 4
82
48 0
16
52 7
49
51 1
37
Cru
de p
etro
leum
to
nnes
33
622
738
38
885
956
42
041
092
35
527
000
31
158
988
29
806
000
27
907
653
27
200
000
27
100
000
27
200
000
N
atur
al g
as
mill
ion
m3
5 90
0 6
300
5 20
0 5
900
6 10
0 6
200
6 10
0 6
400
6 80
0 7
300
Phos
phat
e ro
ck
tonn
es
44 5
17
43 6
88
43 1
48
42 6
15
*43
000
*43
000
*43
000
*43
000
*43
000
*43
000
Plat
inum
gro
up m
etal
s
kilo
gram
s (m
etal
con
tent
) 40
6 41
1 48
8 33
9 67
3 66
1 84
1 1
209
1 08
2 1
438
Sal
t
Roc
k sa
lt
tonn
es
141
923
165
699
156
933
177
687
168
139
180
714
207
486
232
460
215
905
248
245
Se
a sa
lt
tonn
es
232
085
330
404
304
433
282
189
383
529
351
324
244
053
302
101
445
562
389
630
Silv
er, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
3
515
5 21
8 7
593
7 97
0 7
242
6 98
6 9
511
8 54
2 7
142
8 39
9 Su
lphu
r and
pyr
ites
R
ecov
ered
(b)
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
14 8
72
*15
000
*16
000
*16
000
15 4
65
23 8
80
23 6
60
*24
000
*24
000
*24
000
Su
lphu
r ore
to
nnes
(sul
phur
con
tent
) 53
541
52
727
89
024
91
996
69
344
60
162
73
024
97
586
64
660
30
018
Ta
lc (
c)
tonn
es
14 8
32
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
*15
000
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) C
rude
(b
) Fr
om p
etro
leum
refin
ing
and/
or n
atur
al g
as
(c)
Incl
udin
g ta
lc, a
galm
atol
ite a
nd p
yrop
hylli
te
8 Ec
uado
r
Pet
role
um d
omin
ates
Ecu
ador
’s m
iner
al re
sour
ces
sect
or a
nd it
rank
s as
the
four
th la
rges
t pro
duce
r in
Sou
th A
mer
ica,
acc
ount
ing
for 8
.1 p
er c
ent o
f the
con
tinen
t’s p
rodu
ctio
n. E
cuad
or a
lso
prod
uces
a
rang
e of
indu
stria
l min
eral
s in
clud
ing
feld
spar
, kao
lin a
nd b
aryt
e. R
ecen
t rev
isio
ns to
Ecu
ador
’s m
inin
g
law
s an
d ta
xatio
n re
gim
e, c
oupl
ed w
ith in
vest
or c
once
rn o
ver r
esou
rce
natio
nalis
atio
n an
d pu
blic
pr
otes
ts a
gain
st e
xplo
ratio
n an
d m
inin
g ac
tiviti
es, a
re li
kely
to a
dver
sely
affe
ct d
evel
opm
ent o
f E
cuad
or’s
min
eral
s se
ctor
. C
omm
odity
U
nits
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
Bary
tes
to
nnes
—
—
2
532
1 47
6 1
181
*1 1
80
2 13
9 3
694
3 87
9 *4
000
Fe
ldsp
ar
tonn
es
60 3
28
69 3
19
33 1
42
47 0
41
60 6
88
31 2
54
44 2
68
53 4
69
38 2
50
67 8
84
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
3 06
9 1
474
2 02
6 2
871
3 00
5 2
750
4 81
9 5
158
5 22
8 5
338
Gyp
sum
to
nnes
1
510
1 67
2 1
456
1 04
3 83
4 4
730
5 20
3 23
2 1
310
1 47
8 C
rude
ste
el
tonn
es
43 7
00
45 7
84
53 0
00
58 4
83
59 7
32
67 2
33
79 8
00
72 0
00
83 0
00
86 0
00
Kaol
in
tonn
es
7 34
8 5
600
20 6
52
11 0
22
8 81
8 8
483
11 8
84
5 64
6 25
078
11
504
C
rude
pet
role
um
tonn
es
19 7
66 7
66
19 1
21 0
78
19 0
11 5
67
20 3
90 6
18
20 5
70 2
65
20 0
53 0
00
21 4
14 0
00
26 8
26 0
00
27 0
85 0
00
27 2
91 0
00
Nat
ural
gas
m
illio
n m
3 11
3 11
3 11
3 14
2 17
0 11
3 14
2 17
0 25
5 28
3 Sa
lt
tonn
es
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
*75
000
Sulp
hur a
nd p
yrite
s
Rec
over
ed (a
) to
nnes
(sul
phur
con
tent
) 14
900
18
900
17
200
20
800
*2
0 70
0 *2
0 70
0 *2
0 70
0 *2
0 70
0 *2
0 70
0 *2
1 00
0
Sulp
hur o
re
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
*4 0
00
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) Fr
om p
etro
leum
refin
ing
and/
or n
atur
al g
as
Fren
ch G
uian
a G
old
and
cons
truct
ion
min
eral
s ar
e th
e m
ain
min
eral
com
mod
ities
pro
duce
d in
Fre
nch
Gui
ana,
an
over
seas
dep
artm
ent o
f Fra
nce
and
the
smal
lest
cou
ntry
on
the
Sou
th A
mer
ican
con
tinen
t. In
vest
men
t in
the
min
eral
s se
ctor
has
larg
ely
focu
sed
on g
old
and
petro
leum
exp
lora
tion.
C
omm
odity
U
nits
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
a co
nten
t)
3 22
5 2
735
2 97
2 3
376
4 06
2 3
290
3 29
6 2
773
1 95
5 *2
000
Guy
ana
M
iner
als
mak
e a
sign
ifica
nt c
ontri
butio
n to
GD
P in
Guy
ana,
the
third
sm
alle
st c
ount
ry in
Sou
th A
mer
ica.
G
uyan
a is
a g
loba
lly s
igni
fican
t bau
xite
pro
duce
r, ac
coun
ting
for 4
.2 p
er c
ent o
f Sou
th A
mer
ican
pr
oduc
tion.
Guy
ana
is th
e la
rges
t pro
duce
r of d
iam
onds
in S
outh
Am
eric
a an
d ac
coun
ts fo
r aro
und
1.7
per c
ent o
f the
regi
on’s
gol
d pr
oduc
tion.
C
omm
odity
U
nits
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
Baux
ite
tonn
es
2 47
0 89
5 2
267
368
2 35
9 27
2 2
689
451
2 01
1 30
1 1
639
266
1 71
2 23
6 1
478
897
1 67
5 84
2 1
470
605
Dia
mon
d
cara
ts
36 5
73
34 3
99
45 4
41
81 7
06
179
463
248
437
412
538
454
940
356
948
343
544
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
13 5
77
14 1
46
13 1
59
13 5
25
14 1
79
14 1
04
12 1
71
11 4
78
8 32
5 6
405
9
Para
guay
Th
is la
ndlo
cked
Sou
th A
mer
ican
cou
ntry
hos
ts d
epos
its o
f a ra
nge
of in
dust
rial a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
min
eral
s. T
he m
iner
als
sect
or m
akes
a m
inim
al c
ontri
butio
n to
GD
P p
rodu
cing
mai
nly
clay
s, p
ig ir
on
and
stee
l. A
lthou
gh P
arag
uay
has
no k
now
n pe
trole
um o
r gas
rese
rves
and
is e
ntire
ly d
epen
dent
on
impo
rts it
is a
maj
or p
rodu
cer a
nd e
xpor
ter o
f hyd
roel
ectri
c po
wer
. C
omm
odity
U
nits
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
Gyp
sum
to
nnes
*5
000
*5
000
*4
000
4
400
4 30
0 *4
300
*4
500
*4
500
*4
500
*4
500
Pi
g iro
n
tonn
es
78 6
15
65 5
45
61 2
81
82 0
18
71 7
63
87 4
00
98 0
00
119
000
123
000
131
000
Kaol
in
tonn
es
*66
700
*66
700
*66
500
*66
500
*66
500
*66
700
*66
600
*66
600
*66
600
*66
000
Cru
de s
teel
to
nnes
65
542
56
243
55
689
76
784
70
664
79
984
91
000
11
5 00
0 10
1 00
0 12
6 00
0
Peru
P
eru
is a
lead
ing
glob
al p
rodu
cer o
f a n
umbe
r of m
iner
al c
omm
oditi
es. I
t is
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est s
ilver
pr
oduc
er, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r 17.
2 pe
r cen
t of g
loba
l pro
duct
ion.
Per
u is
Sou
th A
mer
ica’
s la
rges
t gol
d pr
oduc
er g
ener
atin
g m
ore
than
50
per c
ent o
f the
regi
on’s
gol
d an
d ra
nkin
g as
the
wor
ld’s
fifth
larg
est
prod
ucer
. Per
u’s
gold
pro
duct
ion
has
incr
ease
d su
bsta
ntia
lly d
urin
g th
e la
st d
ecad
e fro
m 7
8 00
0 ki
logr
ams
in 1
997
to 2
03 0
00 k
ilogr
ams
in 2
006,
than
ks to
new
larg
e-sc
ale
min
es s
uch
as Y
anac
ocha
.
Per
u is
the
wor
ld’s
sec
ond
larg
est t
ellu
rium
pro
duce
r and
one
of t
he w
orld
’s d
omin
ant a
rsen
ic
prod
ucer
s. It
is th
e th
ird la
rges
t pro
duce
r of c
oppe
r (pr
oduc
tion
has
mor
e th
an d
oubl
ed s
ince
199
7),
zinc
, tin
and
bis
mut
h, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r 20.
8 pe
r cen
t of g
loba
l bis
mut
h pr
oduc
tion.
Per
u is
the
wor
ld’s
fo
urth
larg
est p
rodu
cer o
f lea
d an
d m
olyb
denu
m, a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r 8.9
and
9.2
per
cen
t of w
orld
pro
duct
ion
of e
ach
of th
ese
met
als
resp
ectiv
ely.
C
omm
odity
U
nits
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
Min
e an
timon
y (a
)
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 24
2 36
4 25
5 46
1 27
4 35
2 61
6 46
5 80
7 1
395
Whi
te a
rsen
ic
tonn
es
837
624
1 61
1 2
495
1 95
8 1
613
4 64
0 3
037
3 15
0 4
399
Bary
tes
to
nnes
63
727
7
506
3 51
2 11
403
11
031
3
806
2 90
6 9
610
26 9
85
1 89
9 Be
nton
ite a
nd fu
ller's
ear
th
Be
nton
ite
tonn
es
20 1
71
19 5
63
19 6
59
21 0
59
18 2
17
20 7
60
15 2
90
10 5
10
14 6
63
14 5
90
Min
e bi
smut
h (b
)
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 77
4 83
2 70
5 74
4 64
0 56
8 83
2 98
8 95
2 1
081
Bora
tes
to
nnes
46
979
22
002
14
716
9
309
9 37
4 8
814
11 0
72
9 72
9 8
290
9 80
0 C
adm
ium
to
nnes
47
4 53
5 46
6 48
2 48
5 42
2 53
0 53
2 48
1 41
6 C
oal
An
thra
cite
& b
itum
inou
s
tonn
es
21 6
94
7 38
5 1
488
16 6
25
20 2
19
21 5
79
17 1
04
57 7
59
29 5
35
107
091
Cop
per,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 50
6 49
8 48
3 33
8 53
6 38
7 55
3 92
4 72
2 03
5 84
2 78
3 84
2 57
8 1
035
574
1 00
9 89
8 1
049
933
Cop
per,
smel
ter
to
nnes
34
7 44
7 35
4 67
8 35
0 37
7 34
0 44
7 38
4 91
2 38
0 83
4 31
4 22
8 32
0 13
5 32
1 96
8 32
2 18
8 C
oppe
r, re
fined
to
nnes
39
5 07
3 41
1 42
9 43
6 33
9 45
1 72
8 47
1 87
5 50
2 74
9 51
7 04
6 50
5 30
6 51
0 39
2 50
7 71
0 D
iato
mite
to
nnes
*3
5 10
0 *3
5 10
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 *3
5 00
0 Fe
ldsp
ar
tonn
es
2 50
2 3
983
1 59
4 5
642
3 06
2 6
018
7 34
9 6
005
9 03
8 9
287
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
77 9
40
94 2
14
128
486
132
585
138
022
157
298
172
619
173
219
207
822
203
269
Gyp
sum
to
nnes
63
640
78
656
75
636
52
346
20
966
75
306
13
6 64
2 43
2 25
9 33
4 59
5 39
4 28
9 Iro
n or
e
tonn
es
4 74
6 07
0 4
905
632
4 07
8 18
6 4
143
299
4 56
3 55
1 4
566
000
5 22
8 80
4 5
228
800
5 61
4 90
0 5
885
000
Pig
iron
to
nnes
36
7 79
5 34
3 34
1 24
2 95
2 40
9 18
5 38
3 28
5 26
7 20
0 31
0 40
0 35
3 00
0 34
1 00
0 39
0 00
0 C
rude
ste
el
tonn
es
607
391
630
687
558
697
750
682
689
790
611
363
668
400
726
000
790
000
885
000
Kaol
in
tonn
es
7 87
5 4
968
1 33
2 6
165
5 47
8 1
934
2 65
3 2
720
1 20
0 1
022
Min
e le
ad
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 26
2 46
6 25
7 71
3 27
1 78
2 27
0 57
6 28
9 54
6 29
8 48
7 30
8 87
4 30
6 21
1 31
9 34
5 31
3 32
5 Le
ad, r
efin
ed
tonn
es
97 8
82
109
493
111
276
116
412
121
181
119
588
112
289
118
970
122
079
120
311
Mol
ybde
num
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 4
261
4 33
6 5
472
7 19
3 9
499
8 61
3 9
561
14 2
46
17 3
25
17 2
09
Cru
de p
etro
leum
to
nnes
5
826
583
5 69
6 20
0 5
219
862
4 90
2 58
8 4
784
726
4 77
3 29
9 4
501
500
4 63
7 00
0 5
484
000
5 57
8 00
0 N
atur
al g
as
mill
ion
m3
513
650
678
612
629
687
759
849
1 58
6 1
784
Phos
phat
e ro
ck
tonn
es
67 1
36
46 8
21
9 03
8 5
581
4 82
5 45
252
11
610
45
504
—
—
Sa
lt
tonn
es
79 4
92
220
310
230
393
247
619
418
954
281
098
187
416
248
898
438
375
*800
000
10
Per
u c
ontin
ued
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Sele
nium
met
al
tonn
es
13
18
65
63
61
70
72
76
70
75
Silv
er, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
2 09
0 31
1 2
024
570
2 23
1 39
0 2
437
706
2 67
3 83
4 2
761
486
2 91
0 92
2 3
059
829
3 19
3 14
6 3
470
725
Sulp
hur a
nd p
yrite
s
Rec
over
ed (c
) to
nnes
(sul
phur
con
tent
) 1
41 0
00
177
000
191
000
196
000
203
000
201
000
204
000
204
000
211
000
199
000
Talc
Ta
lc
tonn
es
6 73
5 11
165
12
085
9
668
10 7
37
10 6
85
10 7
91
8 31
2 14
251
14
618
Pyr
ophy
llite
to
nnes
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
*8
000
8
069
9 51
4 12
291
14
282
10
100
—
Te
lleriu
m m
etal
to
nnes
25
22
17
22
19
22
26
25
33
37
Ti
n, m
ine
(d)
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
27 9
53
25 9
07
30 6
18
37 4
10
38 1
82
38 8
15
40 2
02
41 6
13
42 1
45
38 4
70
Tin,
sm
elte
r
tonn
es
8 75
9 13
928
17
342
17
357
25
070
35
828
39
181
40
624
36
733
40
495
Tu
ngst
en, m
ine
to
nnes
(met
al c
onte
nt)
226
60
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Zinc
, min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) 86
7 69
1 86
8 75
7 89
9 52
4 91
0 30
3 1
056
629
1 22
1 61
6 1
372
790
1 20
9 00
6 1
201
671
1 20
1 79
4 Sl
ab z
inc
to
nnes
17
1 19
1 17
4 65
4 19
6 97
8 19
9 81
3 20
4 64
6 17
2 68
8 20
2 07
6 19
5 69
2 16
3 60
3 17
5 25
0
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) In
clud
ing
Sb c
onte
nt o
f ant
imon
ial l
ead
plus
Sb
cont
ent o
f ore
s fo
r exp
ort
(b)
Met
al p
rodu
ctio
n (c
) Fr
om m
etal
sul
phid
e pr
oces
sing
(d
) R
ecov
erab
le
Surin
ame
The
smal
lest
inde
pend
ent c
ount
ry in
Sou
th A
mer
ica
is o
ne o
f the
wor
ld’s
larg
est b
auxi
te p
rodu
cers
, ac
coun
ting
for m
ore
than
two
per c
ent o
f wor
ld p
rodu
ctio
n. A
ccor
ding
ly, S
urin
ame
is a
lso
a m
ajor
al
umin
a pr
oduc
er. A
new
gol
d m
ine
open
ed in
200
4, ra
nkin
g S
urin
ame
as S
outh
Am
eric
a’s
sixt
h la
rges
t go
ld p
rodu
cer.
Add
ition
al g
old
prod
uctio
n is
der
ived
from
allu
vial
ope
ratio
ns.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Baux
ite
tonn
es
3 87
7 18
3 3
931
108
3 71
4 59
5 3
610
381
4 39
3 64
0 4
001
602
4 21
5 06
1 4
087
107
4 75
6 99
8 4
945
353
Alum
ina
to
nnes
(Al 2O
3 con
tent
) 1
725
857
1 77
1 88
9 1
853
052
1 90
6 07
3 1
893
254
1 90
2 70
6 2
004
538
2 01
4 62
2 1
939
615
2 15
1 14
8 Pr
imar
y al
umin
ium
to
nnes
23
128
27
416
6
638
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
G
old,
min
e
kilo
gram
s (m
etal
con
tent
) ...
...
...
—
—
—
—
8
513
10 6
19
10 4
26
Cru
de p
etro
leum
to
nnes
62
0 00
0 60
0 00
0 70
0 00
0 72
0 00
0 76
4 00
0 73
3 00
0 69
0 00
0 66
1 00
0 70
7 00
0 77
4 00
0
Uru
guay
Th
e m
inin
g se
ctor
mak
es a
min
imal
con
tribu
tion
to th
e ec
onom
y of
Uru
guay
, the
sec
ond-
smal
lest
co
untry
in S
outh
Am
eric
a. U
rugu
ay p
rodu
ces
a nu
mbe
r of m
iner
al c
omm
oditi
es, i
nclu
ding
gol
d an
d st
eel
and
a ra
nge
of in
dust
rial a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
min
eral
s. U
rugu
ay is
one
of S
outh
Am
eric
a’s
smal
ler g
old
prod
ucer
s w
ith a
sin
gle
prod
ucin
g m
ine.
Uru
guay
is c
ompl
etel
y re
liant
on
impo
rts o
f pet
role
um p
rodu
cts.
H
owev
er, t
here
is c
urre
nt in
tere
st in
oil
expl
orat
ion
and
the
coun
try h
as re
cent
ly c
ompl
eted
an
appr
aisa
l of
nat
ural
gas
rese
rves
.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Feld
spar
to
nnes
3
229
2 24
0 1
556
2 49
3 3
522
1 55
0 2
450
1 95
0 2
150
2 47
0 G
old,
min
e
kilo
gram
s (m
etal
con
tent
) 1
200
2 30
3 2
392
2 24
0 2
083
2 07
9 1
550
1 75
8 2
930
*2 8
00
Cru
de s
teel
to
nnes
39
070
52
012
45
404
38
102
30
890
34
400
40
500
58
000
64
000
47
000
Ta
lc
tonn
es
1 13
3 97
2 2
905
2 09
3 1
695
816
1 09
5 1
042
1 13
1 1
544
11
Vene
zuel
a M
iner
als,
in p
artic
ular
pet
role
um, m
ake
an im
porta
nt c
ontri
butio
n to
the
Ven
ezue
lan
econ
omy.
V
enez
uela
is th
e w
orld
’s s
even
th la
rges
t pet
role
um p
rodu
cer,
acco
untin
g fo
r 3.7
per
cen
t of w
orld
pr
oduc
tion.
Ven
ezue
la is
the
seco
nd la
rges
t nat
ural
gas
pro
duce
r in
Sou
th A
mer
ica,
afte
r Arg
entin
a,
and
is re
spon
sibl
e fo
r 24.
1 pe
r cen
t of t
he c
ontin
ent’s
pro
duct
ion.
Ven
ezue
la is
als
o an
impo
rtant
pr
oduc
er o
f non
-fuel
min
eral
s ac
coun
ting
for 2
.9 p
er c
ent o
f glo
bal b
auxi
te p
rodu
ctio
n, 2
.7 p
er c
ent o
f w
orld
alu
min
a pr
oduc
tion,
1.8
per
cen
t of w
orld
alu
min
ium
pro
duct
ion
and
1.2
per c
ent o
f glo
bal n
icke
l
prod
uctio
n. V
enez
uela
is a
n im
porta
nt re
gion
al p
rodu
cer o
f a n
umbe
r of o
ther
min
eral
s in
clud
ing
gold
an
d iro
n or
e (s
econ
d la
rges
t pro
duce
r afte
r Bra
zil).
Pol
itica
l cha
nges
resu
lting
in n
atio
nalis
atio
n of
key
se
ctor
s of
the
econ
omy
have
rais
ed c
once
rns
abou
t how
cur
rent
gov
ernm
ent p
olic
ies
coul
d af
fect
the
min
eral
s se
ctor
. In
addi
tion
the
deni
al o
f min
ing
perm
its to
som
e hi
gh p
rofil
e pr
ojec
ts h
as s
park
ed
conc
ern
amon
g fo
reig
n in
vest
ors.
Com
mod
ity
Uni
ts
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
Baux
ite
tonn
es
4 96
6 79
4 4
825
647
4 16
6 45
0 4
360
720
4 58
4 89
3 5
190
806
5 44
5 51
6 5
814
705
5 90
0 00
0 5
928
000
Alum
ina
to
nnes
(Al 2O
3 con
tent
) 1
730
368
1 55
3 44
5 1
468
489
1 75
5 26
5 1
833
162
1 90
1 00
0 1
882
007
*1 9
00 0
00
1 93
1 00
0 1
920
000
Prim
ary
alum
iniu
m
tonn
es
642
000
586
499
570
321
571
463
579
000
604
000
601
290
631
100
624
000
617
100
Coa
l
Bitu
min
ous
to
nnes
5
291
908
6 45
8 32
4 6
594
611
7 88
0 51
6 7
685
476
8 09
7 01
6 7
033
729
8 10
7 30
4 7
194
882
7 45
8 87
3 D
iam
ond
ca
rats
28
4 20
8 96
811
95
144
10
9 59
7 52
804
14
1 46
3 38
489
40
036
55
154
16
981
Fe
ldsp
ar
tonn
es
160
000
148
000
125
000
129
529
142
425
146
619
149
450
175
864
202
000
200
000
Gol
d, m
ine
ki
logr
ams
(met
al c
onte
nt)
22 3
22
6 74
0 5
946
7 33
2 9
076
9 46
5 8
190
9 69
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
3 20
0 G
ypsu
m
tonn
es
80 0
00
72 0
00
42 0
00
25 0
00
5 00
0 10
000
5
000
4 00
0 6
000
*7 0
00
Iron
ore
to
nnes
18
359
509
16
784
217
14
050
827
17
352
963
16
902
437
16
595
634
17
954
495
19
196
231
21
179
000
22
100
000
Pi
g iro
n
tonn
es
5 60
7 55
8 5
423
881
5 07
1 05
0 6
401
348
5 90
3 29
8 6
844
370
6 64
5 70
0 7
825
000
8 90
0 00
0 8
451
000
Cru
de s
teel
to
nnes
3
986
549
3 55
3 31
5 3
261
365
3 83
4 57
5 3
812
664
4 16
3 85
5 3
930
300
4 56
1 00
0 4
907
000
4 74
5 00
0 Fe
rro-
allo
ys
Fe
rro-
man
gane
se
tonn
es
6 01
0 7
671
10 6
94
15 6
55
12 7
15
*12
000
*12
000
*1
5 00
0
*
15 0
00
*15
000
Fe
rro-
silic
o-m
anga
nese
to
nnes
57
876
48
504
47
635
69
735
56
640
36
974
30
632
*35
000
*35
000
*35
000
Fe
rro-
nick
el
tonn
es
—
—
—
3 20
0 32
300
51
700
57
300
67
796
56
300
57
000
Ferr
o-si
licon
to
nnes
58
000
35
571
55
505
86
188
85
708
87
528
9
0 53
4 *9
2 00
0 *9
2 00
0 *9
2 00
0 Ka
olin
to
nnes
5
000
4 00
0 12
000
*1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 *1
0 00
0 Le
ad, r
efin
ed
tonn
es
25 0
00
25 0
00
25 0
00
*21
000
*28
000
*28
000
*32
000
*35
000
*35
000
*36
000
Nic
kel,
min
e
tonn
es (m
etal
con
tent
) —
—
—
2
472
10 6
00
17 0
00
18 8
00
19 0
00
18 5
00
18 2
00
Nic
kel,
smel
ter/r
efin
ery
to
nnes
—
—
—
—
10
600
17
000
18
800
19
000
18
500
18
200
C
rude
pet
role
um
tonn
es
171
400
000
179
600
000
160
900
000
167
300
000
161
600
000
149
800
000
131
400
000
15
0 00
0 00
0 15
1 00
0 00
0 14
4 20
0 00
0 N
atur
al g
as
mill
ion
m3
30 8
30
32 3
35
27 4
10
27 9
24
29 5
93
28 4
15
25 2
00
28 1
00
28 9
00
28 7
00
Phos
phat
e ro
ck
tonn
es
291
000
322
000
366
000
389
000
398
955
390
342
260
008
300
057
392
000
*400
000
Sa
lt (a
) to
nnes
*3
50 0
00
*350
000
*3
50 0
00
*350
000
*3
50 0
00
*350
000
*3
50 0
00
*350
000
*3
50 0
00
*350
000
Su
lphu
r and
pyr
ites
R
ecov
ered
(b)
tonn
es (s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt)
319
000
425
000
350
000
320
000
340
000
570
000
560
000
730
000
950
000
950
000
Talc
to
nnes
*3
2 00
0 *3
2 00
0 *3
2 00
0 ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Not
e(s)
:- (a
) Se
a sa
lt (b
) Fr
om p
etro
leum
refin
ing
and/
or n
atur
al g
as
