sources of energysources of energyShivansh N. Lolayekar

properties of an ideal fuel

• performs large amount of work in less volume or mass

• easily accessible• economical• easy to store and transport• low and convenient point of combustion• culturally acceptable

types of resources

• conventional;

1.They are accumulated in nature for a very long time.

2.They are non renewable i.e. the take a span of thousands of years to regenerate.

3.they are limited in nature.

types of resources

• nonconventional

1.inexhaustible.2.regenerates in a short period of time.3.pollution free or low polution during

conversion.4.used to produce energy again and

again.

convenional sources of energy

• fossil fuels

• fire woods

• nuclear energynuclear fission

nuclear fusion

non conventional sources of energy

• hydroelectric energy• biomass energy• wind energy• solar energy• geothermal energy• tidal energy• OTEC

fossil fuels

• the are biotic in origin• they lead to acid rains• cause soil adnd air pollution

TYPES OF FOSSIL FUELS1.coal2.petroleum3.natural gas

coal

• large amount of fossil fuel is burnt to boil water to create steam which rotates the turbines.

• these rotating turbines are connected to generators which convert kinetic energy of the steam into electricity

petroleum

• petroleum is extacte from the nature and is found as a black liquid.

• it also called 'crude oil' or 'black gold'.• it is heated to form different materials like:1.petroleum jelly2.petroleum gas3.aviation fuel4.tar

natural gas

• this gas is found near petroeum or coal mines.

• it is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels• it does not pollute the underground water.

It occurs in two forms1.LPG2.CNG

natural gas

• LPG (liquified petroleum gas)It contains mainly two components

1.Propane2.Butane

• CNG (compressed natural gas)It consists mainly

1.Methane

nuclear fusion

• deuterium and tritium (isotiopes of hydrogen) are fused

• this fusion releases large amounts of heat energy

• along with this heat energy, elium and neutrons are released

nuclear fissions

• uranium 235 is bombarded with a neutron• this splits the uranium an two more

neutrons are released• these neutrons hit other uranium

moelcules• this chain rection causes a large amount

of release of energy

hydroelectric powerplants

• dams are created to hold/cotain flowing river water

• this water has a huge amount of potential energy

• this water is released from great heights• the flowing waters is used to rotate

turbines• these rotating turbines generate electricity

bio-mass energy

• it is the residue of livig organisms and their products

• biodegradable material• renewable• organic waste matter• found in abundance near forests and

farms

charcoal

• a type of bio-mass fuel• made by burning wood in low oxygen

it is used in1.gas masks2.water filters3.decolouring agent4.fuel

bio-gas

• a type of bio-mass fuel• it made by the anaerobic digestion of

waste materials in biogas plants• it contains 75% methane• it is an ideal domestic fuel• does not leave any residue

wind energy

• kinetic energy of wind is use to rotate turbines

• this rotation of turbines generates electricity

• minimum wind velocity should be 15kmph for the turbinse to rotate

geothermal energy

• the magma of the earth heats up the bed on which the the ground water is present

• the heat of the magma heats up this water to generate steam and high pressure

• the hot steam is released through springs• the kinetic energy of the steam is used to

rotate turbines• the rotating turbines genrte electricity

tidal energy

• energy produced by the difference of tides• it is harnessed by constructing dams near

shores• the change of tides rotates the turbines• the rotation of turbines generates

electricity

wave energy

• strong winds generate waves across the sea

• these waves possess kinetic energy• this kinetic energy is converted into

electric energy by the rotating turbines• the turbines rotate due to the movement of

waves

OTEC

• OTEC stands of Oceanic Thermal Energy Conversion

• the temperature difference in the sea levels is high

• the temp. difference btwn. the surface water and at the depth of 10 km is 10o

celcius• this energy is harnessed in OTEC plants

to prouce electricity