source: the coleopterists bulletin, 68(1):61-68. 2014...

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Seed Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Associated with Seeds ofPavonia Cav. (Malvaceae), with Description of a New Species andNotes on Three OthersAuthor(s): Jesús Romero-NápolesSource: The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68(1):61-68. 2014.Published By: The Coleopterists SocietyDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-68.1.61URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1649/0010-065X-68.1.61

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SEED BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SEEDS OF

PAVONIA CAV. (MALVACEAE), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A

NEW SPECIES AND NOTES ON THREE OTHERS

JESÚS ROMERO-NÁPOLES

Instituto de FitosanidadColegio de Postgraduados

Montecillo, Estado de México, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The species of Bruchidae associated with seeds of Pavonia Cav. (Malvaceae) are treated here, including Acanthoscelidesbellamyi Romero, new species, which feeds on seeds of Pavonia chlorantha (Kunth) Fryxell. Notes are provided forAcanthoscelides elevatus (Sharp), Acanthoscelides machiques Johnson, and Acanthoscelides pavoniestes Johnson. A keyis included to aid in identifying the species of Bruchidae associated with the genus Pavonia.

Key Words: taxonomy, Acanthoscelides, host plants, Mexico

According to Romero (2002), the family Bruchidae,commonly known as bruchids or seed beetles, iswidespread; however, a high number of speciesare found in tropical and subtropical regions.Johnson et al. (2004) estimated that there areabout 1,700 named species worldwide. Most ofthe bruchids are specialists feeding on a givennumber of host plants that belong in the same genusor tribe. Host selection is successfully accomplishedby females ovipositing on pods or fruits that areonly available during a short period of the year(Huignard et al. 1990). The larval stage of bruchidsfeed on seeds of approximately 34 plant families,mainly Fabaceae. However, adults may feed onpollen, which is important for mating and oviposi-tion, and they are often found feeding on flowersof different plants distinct from those used by theirimmature forms (Johnson 1977; Romero 2002).There are about 58 species in eight genera of

Bruchidae that feed on seeds of plants in thefamily Malvaceae, but the genus AcanthoscelidesSchilsky accounts for the majority (Bridwell 1952;Johnson 1983, 1990; Borowiec 1991; Romero et al.1996). The first record of association with seedsof Pavonia Cav. was the description of Bruchuselevatus Sharp, 1885, later transferred to thegenus Acanthoscelides (Blackwelder 1946); how-ever, at the time of that description and thechange of genus the species identity of the hostplant was unknown. The host plant was recordedas Pavonia schiedeana Steudel. only recently byde la Cruz et al. (2013). A second associationwith Pavonia was recorded for Acanthoscelidespavoniestes Johnson feeding on seeds of Pavoniacandida (DC.) Fryxell (Johnson 1983). Finally, ina third association, A. machiques Johnson, 1990

was recorded feeding on Pavonia sidifolia Kunth(Johnson 1990).

According to The Plant List database (2010),the genus Pavonia includes 494 names of speciesrank, 164 of which are accepted. Fryxell (1979)stated that Pavonia is one of the largest generain Malvaceae, with about 100 species in SouthAmerica, that being the area of major diversity.

Four species of Acanthoscelides were recentlyfound feeding on Pavonia seeds, including thenew species described below. The latter wasfound in the C. D. Johnson collection at NorthernArizona University in 2005, which later wasincorporated into the Colección de Insectos delInstituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados,Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico (CEAM).Study of this species followed the methods describedby Kingsolver (1970) and Kingsolver and Whitehead(1974). Interpretation of genitalia is according toRomero and Johnson (1999), and terminologyand taxonomic characters used are those proposedby Johnson (1983, 1990). For distribution and hostplants of species of Acanthoscelides that feedon seeds of Pavonia, Johnson (1983, 1990) andRomero and Johnson (2004) were consulted.

Acanthoscelides bellamyi Romero, new species(Figs. 1–3)

Type Series. Holotype male, allotype female,and 25 paratypes: 16 km W Milpillas, Municipiode Ometepec, Guerrero, MEXICO, 9/XII/1983,O. J. Blanchard collector (#1542), reared seedPavonia chlorantha (Kunth) Fryxell. Holotype,allotype, and two paratypes at the Florida StateCollection of Arthropods (FSCA), paratypes at

61

The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68(1): 61–68. 2014.

Colección Entomológica del Instituto de Fitosanidad(CEAM, 5♂, 10♀), Colección Nacional de Insectos,Instituto de Biología, UNAM (CNIN, 1♂, 3♀), andUS National Museum of Natural History (USNM,1♂, 3♀).

Description. Male (Fig. 1). Length (pronotum-elytra) 2.19–2.70 mm, width 1.17–1.80 mm. Maxi-mum thoracic depth 1.2–1.5 mm. Color: Brown,antennomeres 5–10 dark brown, 1–4 and 11 orangebrown; base and lateral portion of elytra forminga triangular orange-brown spot on disc; head withdark brown spot starting on vertex and ending onclypeus; maxillary palpi dark brown; pro-, meso-,and metasterna brown; some specimens may pres-ent abdominal segments totally or partially darkbrown and antennomere 11 may be partially darkbrown. Vestiture: Body with recumbent whiteand golden yellow pubescence forming a lightvariegated pattern, except elytra that have somedark brown patches giving a more contrastingvariegated pattern; undersurfaces with dense goldenyellow setae; legs with moderately dense, goldensetae; pygidium with moderately dense to densegolden yellow setae, with a median light stripe ofdense, whitish setae. Head: Short and broad, denselymicropunctulate, frons with weak impunctate mediancarina, distance between eyes 1.07–1.24X as wideas eye width, eye cleft 0.53–0.75X its length by

ocular sinus, posterior margin of eye protrudingfrom adjacent surfaces, postocular lobe rounded;distance from base of antennae to apex of labrum0.45–0.50X as long as distance from upper limitsof eyes to apex of labrum; antennomeres 1–3 fili-form, 5–10 as wide as or wider than long, 11 acuteapically (Fig. 1c); antenna extending slightly beyondhumerus. Prothorax: Disk campanulate, denselyfoveolate; cervical sulcus shallow, extending fromnear coxal cavity to about 0.4–0.6 distance topronotal midline; lateral prothoracic carina extend-ing from base to 0.5–0.6 distance to coxal cavity;without short median impressed line on medianbasal lobe; prosternum separating procoxae for0.74–0.79X their length. Meso- and metathorax:Scutellum dark brown, quadrate, bifurcate at apex,clothed with white setae; each elytron about twiceas long as broad; striae moderately deep andpunctate, strial intervals finely punctulate; striae2–6 equidistant at base, with small denticles atbase of striae 4–6; humerus punctulate, glabrous,shiny black; undersurfaces and all of hind coxapunctulate. Legs: First and second protarsomeressubequal; first mesotarsomere about 2X as longas second, first metatarsomere about 3X as longas second; hind femur constricted basally and api-cally, expanded medially to about width of coxa;femur armed with subapical acuminate spine about

Fig. 1. Acanthoscelides bellamyi, male, habitus. a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view, c) Head.

THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(1), 201462

1.13–1.33X as long as width of tibial base and2 acuminate spines about 0.21–0.40X as long asfirst spine; hind tibia with ventral, lateroventral, lat-eral, and dorsomesal glabrous longitudinal carinae,but lateroventral only 0.66X as long as hind tibia;tibial corona with 4 spinules, mucro 0.30–0.33Xas long as first tarsomere; without sinus at base ofspine; first hind tarsomere with ventrolateral gla-brous longitudinal carina. Abdomen: First sternumnot flattened medially, posterior margin straight,longer than remaining sterna; sterna 2–4 similarin size; fifth deeply emarginate at apex; pygidiumpunctate, foveolate, convex in lateral view. Genitalia:

Median lobe moderate in length; in ventral view,ventral valve gently rounded to slightly emarginatedapex; lateral margins slightly concave; armature ofinternal sac with median wishbone-shaped, ser-rated sclerite, with a pair of curved spines, 2 linearspines, and 2 pairs of smaller spines, basally withpaired setose sclerites (Fig. 3a). Lateral lobes slightlyexpanded at apex, cleft about 0.7X their length(Fig. 3b). Female (Fig. 2): Length (pronotum–elytra) 1.77–2.70 mm, width 1.14–1.80 mm. Maxi-mum thoracic depth 0.96–1.41 mm. Similar tomale, except distance between eyes 1.14–1.28Xas wide as eye width, and fifth abdominal sternumnot emarginate at apex.

Host Plant. Pavonia chlorantha (Kunth) Fryxell:16 km W Milpillas, Municipio de Ometepec,Guerrero, Mexico, 9/XII/1983, O. J. Blanchardcollector (#1542).

Distribution. Mexico (Guerrero).Etymology. The specific epithet honors Charles

L. Bellamy, who recently passed away and was oneof the best specialists of Buprestidae of the world.

Discussion. Acanthoscelides bellamyi belongsto the A. blanchardi species-group because themetafemoral mucro is 0.3 times as long as thefirst tarsomere, the elytra are variegated, and

Fig. 2. Female habitus of Acanthoscelides bellamyi,female, habitus. a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view.

Fig. 3. Acanthoscelides bellamyi, male genitalia.a) Median lobe, b) Lateral lobes.

63THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(1), 2014

the male genitalia have a rounded ventral valveand are similar to other species in the group. Inthe A. blanchardi species-group, A. bellamyi isvery near Acanthoscelides wicki Johnson becauseof similarity in the integument coloration andarmature of the internal sac of the male genitalia;however, they can be separated by a pair of spiny,crescent-shaped apical sclerites present in A. wicki

but absent in A. bellamyi and dissimilar wishbone-shaped sclerites.

Acanthoscelides elevatus (Sharp, 1983)(Figs. 4–5)

This bruchid belongs to the A. albopygusspecies-group together with the following species:

Fig. 4. Acanthoscelides elevatus. Male, habitus: a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view. Female, habitus: c) Dorsal view,d) Lateral view.


Acanthoscelides albopygus Johnson, Acanthoscelidesbuenaventura Johnson, Acanthoscelides caripeJohnson, Acanthoscelides cesari Johnson,Acanthoscelides elvalle Johnson, Acanthoscelidespetalopygus Kingsolver, Acanthoscelides sousaiJohnson, and Acanthoscelides tinalandia Johnson.According to Johnson (1990), this group is com-posed of robust species, most with light-coloredbodies with contrasting pubescence, mucro thatis 0.25–0.40X as long as the metabasitarsomere,and a rounded or almost rounded apex of theventral valve of the male genitalia. Acanthoscelidespetalopygus feeds on Acacia collinsii Safford(Fabaceae) and A. sousai on three species of AcaciaMill. and one of Mimosa (L.) (Fabaceae); the hostplants of the rest of the species are unknown exceptfor A. elevatus, which feeds on Pavonia seeds.

Host Plants. Pavonia schiedeana (de la Cruzet al. 2013).

Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala,Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.

Acanthoscelides machiques Johnson, 1990(Figs. 6–7)

Acanthoscelides machiques belongs to one of thelargest species-groups, the A. aequalis species-group, with 31 species in total. The group ischaracterized by a mucro which is 0.16X or less aslong as the metabasitarsomere, uniform pubescence,small size, male genitalia with 5–15 spines in theinternal sac, and a preference for seeds in thefamilies Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae.

Host Plant. Pavonia sidifolia (Johnson 1990).Distribution. Species known only in Venezuela.

Fig. 5. Acanthoscelides elevatus, male genitalia.a) Median lobe, b) Lateral lobes.

Fig. 6. Acanthoscelides machiques, male, habitus.a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view.

Fig. 7. Acanthoscelides machiques, male genitalia.a) Median lobe, b) Lateral lobes.


Acanthoscelides pavoniestes Johnson, 1983(Figs. 8–9)

The A. blanchardi species-group is comprisedof nine species, including A. pavoniestes. This spe-cies is characterized by a mucro which is 0.3X aslong as the metabasitarsomere, variegated vestitureon dorsal surfaces, and male genitalia having arounded ventral valve and usually many spines inthe internal sac. Acanthoscelides blanchardi Johnson,Acanthoscelides fryxelli Johnson, Acanthoscelidesorlandi Johnson, and A. pavoniestes have host plants

exclusively in the family Malvaceae; Acanthoscelideshibiscicola Johnson has been collected from thelegume Senna skinneri (Benth.) H.S. Irwin &Barneby as a marginal host, however, its mainhosts are in Malvaceae. For the remaining bruchidsin the species-group (Acanthoscelides santanderJohnson, Acanthoscelides vexatus (Sharp), andA. wicki), the host plants are unknown.

Host Plant. Pavonia candida (Johnson 1983).Distribution. This species is a Mexican endemic

and has been collected only in the states ofMichoacánand Nayarit.

Fig. 8. Acanthoscelides pavoniestes.Male, habitus: a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view. Female, habitus: c) Dorsal view,d) Lateral view.


KEY TO THE BRUCHIDAE ASSOCIATED WITH

PAVONIA SEEDS

1. Size usually large, 3.2–4.5 mm long; withacuminate spine at apex of hind femur about2 times as long as tibial base, followed by2 smaller spines about 0.3 times as long asfirst spine; genitalia as in Fig. 9................................Acanthoscelides pavoniestes Johnson

1′. Size usually smaller; acuminate spine at apexof hind femur less than 2 times as long astibial base ......................................................2

2. Mucro of metafemur 0.16 times as long asfirst metatarsomere; with acuminate spine atapex of hind femur about as long as widthof tibial base, followed by 2 smaller spinesabout 0.25 as long as first spine; genitalia as inFig. 7 .....Acanthoscelides machiques Johnson

2′. Mucro of metafemur 0.25–0.40 times as longas first metatarsomere; acuminate spine about1.13–1.60 times as long as width of tibial base.......................................................................3

3. Head with dark brown spot beginning on vertexand ending on clypeus; antennomeres orange-brown, except antennomeres 5–10 dark brown;genitalia as in Fig. 3.............................................................................. Acanthoscelides bellamyi

Romero, new species

3′. Head without dark brown spot; antennomeresdark brown; genitalia as in Fig. 5 ...................................Acanthoscelides elevatus (Sharp)

DISCUSSION

There are four species of bruchids associatedwith seeds of the genus Pavonia, and all belongto the genus Acanthoscelides; however, as shownabove, they are in three different species-groups.In the future more species, even new ones, maybe found because there are many additional spe-cies of Pavonia to investigate.

REFERENCES CITED

Blackwelder, R. E. 1946. Checklist of the coleopterousinsects of Mexico, Central America, the WestIndies, and South America. Bulletin of the UnitedStates National Museum 185(4): 551–763.

Bridwell, J. C. 1952. A new genus of Bruchidaeaffecting Hibiscus in Argentina (Bruchinae:Acanthoscelidini). Journal of the WashingtonAcademy of Sciences 42(2): 49–50.

Borowiec, L. 1991. Revision of the genus SpermophagusSchoenherr (Coleoptera, Bruchidae, Amblycerinae).International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy(Supplement). Biologica Silesiae. Wroclaw, Poland.

De la Cruz P. A., J. Romero N., J. Carrillo S.,E. García L., R. Grether G., S. Sánchez S.,and M. Pérez de la C. 2013. Brùquidos(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) del estado de Tabasco,México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana 29(1): 1–95.

Fryxell, P. A. 1979. Una revisión del género Pavoniaen México. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica deMéxico 38: 7–34.

Huignard, J., P. Dupont, and B. Tran. 1990. Coevo-lutionary relations between bruchids and theirhost plants. The influence on the physiologyof the insects [pp. 171–179]. In: Bruchids andLegumes: Economics, Ecology, and Coevolution(K. Fujii, A. M. R. Gatehouse, C. D. Johnson,R. Mitchel, and T. Yoshida, editors). Proceedingof the 2nd International Symposium on Bruchidsand Legumes, Okayama, Japan, September 6–9,1989. Series Entomologica 46. Kluwer, Dordrecht,The Netherlands.

Johnson, C. D. 1977. Notes on the host plants anddistribution of Acanthoscelides pauperculus(LeConte) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 53: 303–304.

Johnson, C. D. 1983. Ecosystematics of Acanthoscelides(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) of Southern Mexico andCentral America. Miscellaneous Publications ofthe Entomological Society of America 56: 1–370.

Johnson, C. D. 1990. Systematics of the seed beetlegenus Acanthoscelides (Bruchidae) of NorthernSouth America. Transactions of the AmericanEntomological Society 116(2): 297–618.

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Fig. 9. Acanthoscelides pavoniestes, male genitalia.a) Median lobe, b) Lateral lobes.


East. Memoirs of the American EntomologicalSociety 44: 1–120.

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Romero N., J. 2002. Bruchidae [pp. 513–534] In:Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía deArtrópodos de México: Hacia una Síntesis de suConocimiento. Volume 3 (J. Llorente Bousquetsand J. J. Morrone, editors). Universidad NacionalAutónoma deMéxico, Instituto de Biología, Mexico.

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and Mexico related to Z. subfasciatus (Boheman)(Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Amblycerinae). TheColeopterists Bulletin 53: 87–98.

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The Plant List. 2010. Version 1. Available from: www.theplantlist.org (Accessed 20-IX-2013).

(Received 17 October 2013; accepted 2 January 2014.Publication date 20 March 2014.)


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