Sounds of Hope

Dee DeLeon Sean Abel

Music 123422 July 2011

How the Songs of Slaves kept their hopes and spirits alive

Work Songshellip

AFRICAN ENTRY INTO AMERICA

IntroducingUntil 1619 whatever slaves existed in America were those of ldquotawnyrdquo Native Indian origin

It wasnrsquot until a Dutch slave ship needed supplies that the first Africans were bartered for

In Virginia the Dutch ship exchanged its slave lsquocargorsquo for food stuffs in order to complete its voyage (Billie)

Once their destination was determined usually a plantation slaves were put to work

It is at this point that African slaves began their integral role in Americarsquos music history

lsquoField hollersrsquo were a form of communication Not only were they used to keep the workersrsquo pace but they were also used for the benefit of slave-owners to track and located the whereabouts of their slaves (Crawford)

Instruments and Dancehellip

bull On their time off usually Sundays the slaves would gather together and spend the day in song and dance

bull ldquoThis was their time to come together and thank God they survived another dayrdquo (Free)

bull This drawing depicts a traditional lsquoring dancersquo which was commonly preformed

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

Work Songshellip

AFRICAN ENTRY INTO AMERICA

IntroducingUntil 1619 whatever slaves existed in America were those of ldquotawnyrdquo Native Indian origin

It wasnrsquot until a Dutch slave ship needed supplies that the first Africans were bartered for

In Virginia the Dutch ship exchanged its slave lsquocargorsquo for food stuffs in order to complete its voyage (Billie)

Once their destination was determined usually a plantation slaves were put to work

It is at this point that African slaves began their integral role in Americarsquos music history

lsquoField hollersrsquo were a form of communication Not only were they used to keep the workersrsquo pace but they were also used for the benefit of slave-owners to track and located the whereabouts of their slaves (Crawford)

Instruments and Dancehellip

bull On their time off usually Sundays the slaves would gather together and spend the day in song and dance

bull ldquoThis was their time to come together and thank God they survived another dayrdquo (Free)

bull This drawing depicts a traditional lsquoring dancersquo which was commonly preformed

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

AFRICAN ENTRY INTO AMERICA

IntroducingUntil 1619 whatever slaves existed in America were those of ldquotawnyrdquo Native Indian origin

It wasnrsquot until a Dutch slave ship needed supplies that the first Africans were bartered for

In Virginia the Dutch ship exchanged its slave lsquocargorsquo for food stuffs in order to complete its voyage (Billie)

Once their destination was determined usually a plantation slaves were put to work

It is at this point that African slaves began their integral role in Americarsquos music history

lsquoField hollersrsquo were a form of communication Not only were they used to keep the workersrsquo pace but they were also used for the benefit of slave-owners to track and located the whereabouts of their slaves (Crawford)

Instruments and Dancehellip

bull On their time off usually Sundays the slaves would gather together and spend the day in song and dance

bull ldquoThis was their time to come together and thank God they survived another dayrdquo (Free)

bull This drawing depicts a traditional lsquoring dancersquo which was commonly preformed

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

Once their destination was determined usually a plantation slaves were put to work

It is at this point that African slaves began their integral role in Americarsquos music history

lsquoField hollersrsquo were a form of communication Not only were they used to keep the workersrsquo pace but they were also used for the benefit of slave-owners to track and located the whereabouts of their slaves (Crawford)

Instruments and Dancehellip

bull On their time off usually Sundays the slaves would gather together and spend the day in song and dance

bull ldquoThis was their time to come together and thank God they survived another dayrdquo (Free)

bull This drawing depicts a traditional lsquoring dancersquo which was commonly preformed

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

Instruments and Dancehellip

bull On their time off usually Sundays the slaves would gather together and spend the day in song and dance

bull ldquoThis was their time to come together and thank God they survived another dayrdquo (Free)

bull This drawing depicts a traditional lsquoring dancersquo which was commonly preformed

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

bull On their time off usually Sundays the slaves would gather together and spend the day in song and dance

bull ldquoThis was their time to come together and thank God they survived another dayrdquo (Free)

bull This drawing depicts a traditional lsquoring dancersquo which was commonly preformed

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

This sketch illustrates several of the dance moves performed by the slaves

Keeping in stephellip

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

Here we see yet another superb example of slaves gathering in song and dance We begin to see the use of instruments as seen with the gentleman playing a violin

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

These are some of the first instruments made and used

by African Americans

Banjo

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

DRUMS

Slaves were not allowed to have drums because

slave-owners feared that the slaves would

use the drums to signal a revolt

(Crawford)

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

Spiritualshellip

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

Slave-era Spirituals brought about songs that spoke of struggles and the yearning for personal empowerment (Celebrating)

Songs like Amazing Grace led to Folk music and songs of Blues

httpyoutubeB3XdXEJEI4E

httpyoutube60o3UP4Kjwg

Despite their struggles African American slaves were faithful and true to their Lord

Great is Thy Faithfulness Sung by CeCe Winans

Folkhellip

Huddie Ledbetter ndash Folk Songs

httpyoutube7Y7CGKZOOpg Pick a Bail of Cotton

Huddie Ledbetter ndash Folk Songs

httpyoutube7Y7CGKZOOpg Pick a Bail of Cotton

Continued Darkenesshellip

It is great wonderment this painting evokes As one takes in the singularity of the tree and its branches - void of all life including that of the body which hangs from it the background is empty with nothing but the glow of redhellip All is lost and emptiness prevails

httpfc07deviantartnetfs15i2007058f6Strange_Fruit_by_N1NJ4hunterjpg

ldquoDavid Margolick a staff writer for Vanity Fair cites a study by Tuskegee Institute whose lsquoconservative figuresrsquo showed that from 1889 to 1940

3833 human beings were lynched in the United Stateshelliprdquo (Hamill)

First Protest Songhellip

One artist bold enough to address the abuse of African Americans was Billie Holiday

This rendition of Strange Fruit is my favorite

Billie Holiday took this poem and gave it life

httpyoutubes9FZMHNhJ80

It is great wonderment this painting evokes As one takes in the singularity of the tree and its branches - void of all life including that of the body which hangs from it the background is empty with nothing but the glow of redhellip All is lost and emptiness prevails

httpfc07deviantartnetfs15i2007058f6Strange_Fruit_by_N1NJ4hunterjpg

ldquoDavid Margolick a staff writer for Vanity Fair cites a study by Tuskegee Institute whose lsquoconservative figuresrsquo showed that from 1889 to 1940

3833 human beings were lynched in the United Stateshelliprdquo (Hamill)

First Protest Songhellip

One artist bold enough to address the abuse of African Americans was Billie Holiday

This rendition of Strange Fruit is my favorite

Billie Holiday took this poem and gave it life

httpyoutubes9FZMHNhJ80

ldquoDavid Margolick a staff writer for Vanity Fair cites a study by Tuskegee Institute whose lsquoconservative figuresrsquo showed that from 1889 to 1940

3833 human beings were lynched in the United Stateshelliprdquo (Hamill)

First Protest Songhellip

One artist bold enough to address the abuse of African Americans was Billie Holiday

This rendition of Strange Fruit is my favorite

Billie Holiday took this poem and gave it life

httpyoutubes9FZMHNhJ80

First Protest Songhellip

One artist bold enough to address the abuse of African Americans was Billie Holiday

This rendition of Strange Fruit is my favorite

Billie Holiday took this poem and gave it life

httpyoutubes9FZMHNhJ80

One artist bold enough to address the abuse of African Americans was Billie Holiday

This rendition of Strange Fruit is my favorite

Billie Holiday took this poem and gave it life

httpyoutubes9FZMHNhJ80

This rendition of Strange Fruit is my favorite

Billie Holiday took this poem and gave it life

httpyoutubes9FZMHNhJ80

Billy Holiday was born Elinore [Fagan] Harris on April 7 1915 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania

As a teen Billie had been raped then sent to jail for supposedly seducing her attacker Once released from jail Billie turned to prostitution

She had not been interested in Jazz until she began listening to the phonograph in the brothel she worked at

Needless to say she struggled most of her life with drugs and alcohol On July 17 1959 she finally lost her battle with addiction and passed away

She was only 44 years old (Strange)

Lady Day

Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday

Snapshots ofhellip

ldquoIn 1936 Lester Young a fellow musician and close friend gave her the nickname ldquoLady Dayrsquordquo

Civil Rights Erahellip

Song

ofExamples

Expressive

httpyoutubeZaR6AuDQ7uQ

Whatrsquos going on By Marvin Gaye

Civil Rights Movementhellip

Lady Day

Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday

Snapshots ofhellip

ldquoIn 1936 Lester Young a fellow musician and close friend gave her the nickname ldquoLady Dayrsquordquo

Civil Rights Erahellip

Song

ofExamples

Expressive

httpyoutubeZaR6AuDQ7uQ

Whatrsquos going on By Marvin Gaye

Civil Rights Movementhellip

Civil Rights Erahellip

Song

ofExamples

Expressive

httpyoutubeZaR6AuDQ7uQ

Whatrsquos going on By Marvin Gaye

Civil Rights Movementhellip

Song

ofExamples

Expressive

httpyoutubeZaR6AuDQ7uQ

Whatrsquos going on By Marvin Gaye

Civil Rights Movementhellip

httpyoutubeZaR6AuDQ7uQ

Whatrsquos going on By Marvin Gaye

Civil Rights Movementhellip

Nina Simonehellip

ldquoI Wish I Knew (How it Would Feel to be Free)rdquo

httpyoutubeaI-ezEtJ_-s

Diana Ross

Thenhellip

hellipNow

httpyoutubeCnzmPrsLXn8

The beauty behind this clip is that the integration has occurred

httpyoutube48K5Y0421Ig

Another powerful song about the struggles African Americans faced isldquoA Change is Gonna Comerdquo by Sam Cooke

httpyoutubeEgVOR28iG_o

Sly and the Family Stone sing about being ldquoEveryday Peoplehelliprdquo

httpyoutubeKQ0DXLm5pd4

We as a nation

have come a long way since the days of slavery

Garth Brooks sings a new song for

freedom

ldquoWe Shall Be Freerdquo

African American Music Timelinehellip

(Timeline)

Works Citedhellip

Works Cited

ldquoBillie Holidayrdquo 2011 Biographycom Web 20 July 2011 Chronology on the History of Slavery Eddie Becker

1999 Web 17 July 2011 httpinnercityorgholtslavechronhtml

ldquoCelebrating African Americans in Folk Musicrdquo Aboutcom 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Crawford Richard An Introduction to Americarsquos Music New York WW Norton 2001 Print

ldquoFree to Dance ndash Behind the Dance From Slave Ships to Center Stagerdquo PBS 2001 Web 19 July 2011

Hamill Pete Blood at the Root National Review 529 (2000) 58-61 Military amp Government Collection

EBSCO Web 21 July 2011

ldquoStrange Fruitrdquo The Pop History Dig The Pop History Dig 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Sydney-Jane Billie Holiday Pictures 2010 Writersrsquo Block Lady Day ndash A Pictorial Dedication Web 8 July 2011

Timeline ndash Evolution of African-American Music Indiana University 2000 Web 21 July 2011

(Timeline)

Works Citedhellip

Works Cited

ldquoBillie Holidayrdquo 2011 Biographycom Web 20 July 2011 Chronology on the History of Slavery Eddie Becker

1999 Web 17 July 2011 httpinnercityorgholtslavechronhtml

ldquoCelebrating African Americans in Folk Musicrdquo Aboutcom 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Crawford Richard An Introduction to Americarsquos Music New York WW Norton 2001 Print

ldquoFree to Dance ndash Behind the Dance From Slave Ships to Center Stagerdquo PBS 2001 Web 19 July 2011

Hamill Pete Blood at the Root National Review 529 (2000) 58-61 Military amp Government Collection

EBSCO Web 21 July 2011

ldquoStrange Fruitrdquo The Pop History Dig The Pop History Dig 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Sydney-Jane Billie Holiday Pictures 2010 Writersrsquo Block Lady Day ndash A Pictorial Dedication Web 8 July 2011

Timeline ndash Evolution of African-American Music Indiana University 2000 Web 21 July 2011

Works Citedhellip

Works Cited

ldquoBillie Holidayrdquo 2011 Biographycom Web 20 July 2011 Chronology on the History of Slavery Eddie Becker

1999 Web 17 July 2011 httpinnercityorgholtslavechronhtml

ldquoCelebrating African Americans in Folk Musicrdquo Aboutcom 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Crawford Richard An Introduction to Americarsquos Music New York WW Norton 2001 Print

ldquoFree to Dance ndash Behind the Dance From Slave Ships to Center Stagerdquo PBS 2001 Web 19 July 2011

Hamill Pete Blood at the Root National Review 529 (2000) 58-61 Military amp Government Collection

EBSCO Web 21 July 2011

ldquoStrange Fruitrdquo The Pop History Dig The Pop History Dig 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Sydney-Jane Billie Holiday Pictures 2010 Writersrsquo Block Lady Day ndash A Pictorial Dedication Web 8 July 2011

Timeline ndash Evolution of African-American Music Indiana University 2000 Web 21 July 2011

Works Cited

ldquoBillie Holidayrdquo 2011 Biographycom Web 20 July 2011 Chronology on the History of Slavery Eddie Becker

1999 Web 17 July 2011 httpinnercityorgholtslavechronhtml

ldquoCelebrating African Americans in Folk Musicrdquo Aboutcom 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Crawford Richard An Introduction to Americarsquos Music New York WW Norton 2001 Print

ldquoFree to Dance ndash Behind the Dance From Slave Ships to Center Stagerdquo PBS 2001 Web 19 July 2011

Hamill Pete Blood at the Root National Review 529 (2000) 58-61 Military amp Government Collection

EBSCO Web 21 July 2011

ldquoStrange Fruitrdquo The Pop History Dig The Pop History Dig 2011 Web 21 July 2011

Sydney-Jane Billie Holiday Pictures 2010 Writersrsquo Block Lady Day ndash A Pictorial Dedication Web 8 July 2011

Timeline ndash Evolution of African-American Music Indiana University 2000 Web 21 July 2011