sounds in which there is no obstruction of the airflow as they pass through the larynx
TRANSCRIPT
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sounds in which there is no obstruction of the airflow as they
pass through the larynx
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Vowels
All vowels are considered voiced => the vocal cords are vibrating when producing the sounds
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Characteristics of vowels Involves flow of the airstream out of the
mouth over the central part of the tongue with stoppage or local turbulence in the mouth => central, oral, sonorant
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Sonorants
=> Involves no closure or stricture of the stricture of the airstream but stead relatively unimpeded airflow
Only some sonorants are oral Some vowels are nasalized.
Vowel = central oral sonorant
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Vowels Classification
Positions of the tongue in the mouth
1.) Tongue height (how far the tongue is raised – high-mid-low)
2.) Tongue backness (which part of the tongue- front – central – back)
3.) Lip rounding (rounded – unrounded)
4.) A degree of tension (tense or lax)
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1. Tongue height
How much space there is between the tongue and roof of the mouth
High ‘bee’
Mid ‘bet’
Low ‘bat’
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2. Tongue back
The horizontal tongue position during the articulation of a vowel.
Front ‘beat’Central ‘bird’
Back ‘boot’
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Vowel diagram
=> is shaped as an inverted triangle or trapeziod.
Can portray the positions of the highest point on the tongue for the respective vowels
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Cardinal vowels
Theoretical vowel qualities against which the actual vowels of the language are being compared. It has the 4 levels of IPA system
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American English vowels
Front Central Back
High ‘beat’ ‘boot’
‘bit’ ‘put’
Mid ‘bait’ ‘sofa’ ‘boat’
‘bet’ ‘but’ ‘bought’
Low ‘bat’ ‘t’
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British English vowels Front Central Back
High ‘beat’ ‘boot’ ‘bit’ ‘put’Mid ‘bet’ ‘bird’
‘bought’ ‘sofa’ ‘but’Low ‘bat’ ‘pot’
‘bath’
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3. Lip Rounding http://clas.mq.edu.au/phonetics/phonetics/vowelartic/lip_posture.html
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4. Tenseness Some vowels need a greater degree of
muscular tension in the mouth and jaw when they are produced than others.
Tense vowels => produced with more muscular effort in the mouth and jaw
(long vowels with symbol are tense) Lax vowels => produced with more
relaxing mouth and jaw
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http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/dataset/images/vowel.jpg