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SOUND PRESSURE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL Jet Take-Off p d 8 <::::s;::::::. (25 m distance) ~ µ a ___.. ...... _ 140 .

100000000 ........ [

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Group

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•••• ...... -80

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• • • • Business Office

...... -60

Conversational Speech .... -so

~- 40 • • Living Room

....... -30

Bedroom ••• ~ . ....... _ 20

•• ~. Wood

...... -10

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD MINIST RY OF ENVIRONMENT & FOREST S

e-mail: cpcb@alpha.com.in, Website: http://enfor.nic.in/cpcb

JUNE 2001 ..

POLLUTION CONTROL LAW SER I ES : PCLS/06nooo-O I

NOISE POLLUTION REGULATIONS IN INDIA

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India)

Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar Delhi - 110 032

e-mail : cpcb@alpha.nic.in Website : http://envfor.nic.in/cpcb

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CPCB 500 Cop1e!.. 200 I

Published By · Or. 0 . Sengupta. Member Secretary. Central Pollution Control Board. Delhi - 32 at ENVIS Centre-01 Printing Supervision & Layout : P.K. Mahendru and Sat ish Kumar Composing & Lase r Typesetting : Mohd. Jnved Drawings : Ramesh Shat11 Printed at . Mis. : J. J . Offset Primers. 7, Printing Press Area, Wazi rpur, Delhi 110 035

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Central Pollution Control Board (A Gov1. of lodia Organrsalron)

Mints try of Environment & Forests Phones : 2204948

OILIP BISWAS Cha irman

FOREWORD

Noise caust::i heal th effects. as also ~oc io-c.;ulturnl and ec0nom1c effects. Most o f the lime. i h d"tt!cts cannot ht cva lm11etl ohjeclivc:ly.

Noise is gt:neralt:d from a varit:t y of !-Ource:- such ;.1s industrit:S, 1rnnspnrt veh icles, construc tion acti vities, gencrntor ~e ls . firc-<.:rackeP.> ttnd a va r iety of indoor 11 nd outdoor M'urcts. A numher o f Acts and Ruks hnve heen framed in our country, for Cllntrn l of no be

Pl' II ul ion.

This document is <1 compilotion of various A<.:ls and Rules on noise contml. The c.;ompil::ition provides inforrnalmn relating tt' its snur\.·es, m~<lsurement, impt1ct and control <if

noise.

The infonnation h;:is l'>t!en co llatell hy Shri Bharat W. and Shri G.K. Mc:ndirnna under the guidanc~ nf Shri l<tlit K~pur ;ind Dr. B. Sengup111 . T yping <1ssisl<lncc hr1:-; hccn prov id t:d

hy Shri Tarn Singh, LDC.

We h!lpe. th1!- d<)Cumen1 wil l he useful to ill! concernetl with noi!\e control.

~ (Dilip Biswns)

'Parivesh Bhawan', C.B.0.-cum-Otfice Complex, East Arjun Nagar, Oelhi-11 O 032 Grams : "CLEENVIRON" Fax : {011} 2217078, 2204948. 2221995

e-mail : cpcb@alpha.nic.in, cpcb@sansad.nic.in . Website : http://envfor.nic.in/cpcb

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CO!\TE"ITS

Page No. 1.0 I NTROOUCTION I

2.0 SOU KCl::.S OF NOISE

3.0 PROPER fl ES & MEASUREMENT OF NOISE 1 I Phy\Jc.:al Pmpt·nies .ind Me<1s111 cmcn1 · 1 3 2 Sound Perception and Meo\u1 i.:: ment 2 ,_

c 4.0 rYl-ECTS OP NOISE 4

(.) 4 . 1 He:.iri ng I mpn1nncnt 4 c 4.2 Sleep Di..,turbance 6 <n 4.3 lnierference with Speech Cummunk.:ution 6 > 4.4 Performance 6 c: 4 5 Annoyance 7 Q)

4.6 Phy siologic.ll Fu nt.: t ions 7 .0 (.) a.

50 LEGAL ASPECTS 7 (.)

5.1 I nd1..in Penal Code 7 i 5.2 Cnminal Procedure Code 8 5 .\ The Fac!one:-. Act. 1948 8

Mo1or \ ehicles Act. l 9o:-> and Ru les tr:uned thereunder 8 ._

54 ell 55 Law o t Ton s 9

5.6 The A ir CPreve111ion and Control o f Polluuon) Act . 198 I 9 () Cl. ') 7 T he Environment (Protec11on) Ac1. 1986 9 ()

58 Regulauons on Loud·:,peilkenJ Public Address Sys1em\ 9 -Q)

60 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 9 '-........

6 1 Noi~e Standards for Domestic A ppllunccs .1nd Construction c (1)

Equipment at th e Manuf::lcn1 ring Stage 9 () 6.2 Standards I Guick:line~ ror Control o f Noise Po llu1 ion from Cl)

Sw11onary Diesel Generacor (DG) Sets 10 > 63 N<.w;e Standards for Fire-crackers I I

• 64 Noise Limit for Generalor Sets run with Pe1rol or Kerosene I l z 6.5 Noise Limits for M otor Vehicle<> J 3 w

II-. 6.6 Protection against Noise it) Work Zone Area 15

7.0 NOfSE L EV EL SURVEYS 17

8.0 NOISE CONTROL 22 8 1 Noi.,e Reduction a1 the Sourct 22 8.2 No1~e Con1rol of the Trammis~ion Path 22 8.3 Pro1ecl!ve Measure'\ •II the Recc:1ver 22

ANNEXURE J The Noi~e Pollution (Regulation & Control ) Rule<;. 2000 23 II The Union Territory of Delhi Loud-speakers ( Licen~ing CJnd Controlling)

Regulation<;. 1980 28

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0

3.0

3.1

Noise is. typically. defined as unwanted sound. Sound which pleases the l isteners is music and that w l11ch causes pain and annoyance 1s noise. At omes. what is music for some can be noise for olhers.

Mo~t ot the machines lhat have been developed for rndustrial purposes. for high-speed 1ransporta1ion, or 10 make life more enJOyable. by furnishing ;iddllional comfort. reducing lhe drudgery of everyday living. <.1nd speed ing up our daily routines 10

prov ide uddi11onal leisure hours. are accompt1n1ed by noise. Noise prevemion and control is 1mponan1 as noi~e affecb u) in he:.sring. ability to communicate und behaviour. Undoubledly. lesser noise can makt: 1he envi ronment more friendly and life becomes pleasan1.

SOURCES OF NOISE

Various source~ of noise are : industries. road- . rail - and air-traffic. cons1rucuon and public worb. 1n<loor sources (air condi tioner~. au coolers. fans. radio, television and other home and office appliances) etc rn our country. indiscnminate use of !uud~pcakcrs. generator ->els and firec1 acker:-. ha<.. given a new dimension 10 the noise polluuon problem.

PROPERTIES AND MEASUREMENT OF NOISE

Physically . ')Ound 1<; a mechanical d1~turbance p1 opngated as a wave motion in ai1 and other e lJ) lH.: or mechanical med1.1-sut:h a~ wah!1 or ~•eel.

Physiologica lly, sound is an auditory ~ensauon evoked by 11li ~ physical phenomenon. However. 001 all c;ound waves evoke an :1ud11ory ~en•rnt1011 . e.g., ult rnsound has ;1

frequency 100 high lo excite the sen~a1ion of hearing..

The physic<•I properties and perception ot .;ouml or noi se nr~ expressed and measured in differen t concepts and units.

Physical Properties and Measurement

Sound wave:> i nvolve a succession of co111pre!>:>ions <1nd rnrefac1ions of an elastic medium " u<.:h as air These waves ~re charac1cr1)Cd by the amplitude of pressure changes. cheir frequency. and the velocity or prop:lg:-11ion. The '>peed of sound. 1he I requency <1nd the wave leng1h are related by the equ;uion

Wave leng1h = Speed of sound/frequency

Thr: speed of sound in air. n.1 a 1emperaLure o l 20°G. r,, upprox1mately 344 mis. Sound travels much faster in solids than in air. For example. the speed of sound is 3.962 mh. in wood and 5.029 mis in steel.

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Frequency is defined as the number of compressions and rarefactions per unit time {sec). Unit of frequency i!I hertz. (Hz). Human hearing is sensitive 10 frequencies in 1he range o f about 20-20.000 Hz (the audio frequency range).

Sound pressure is used as the fundamental measure of sound (amplitude) as it is me<.1surable direclly by instruments. The weakest sound pres::>ure disturbance that can be detected by an "average" person at 1.000 Hz has been found to be 20 µNim~ and

the !arges1 sound pressure perceived without diswmtort is of tht:: order of l 07 ~tN/rn~. Becau~e of <>uch a widt: range. the use of n linear pressure scale has been found to be impractical. fl ha ... been found convenient to employ sound pressure leve l, a quantity. w lrn;h i-> proportional lo the logarithm of sound pres~ure. By 1his, the sound pressure range of' iniere:-.t 1s compre:-.sed between 0 to ! 30. a range convenient to use. The sound pre!lsure k vt:!l is expressed in the unit of decibel (dB).

Sou11d Pn>' '11re Len:/ i ~ defined <1:. :

Lp =

Where Lp = p = Pr = Log10 =

lO Loglll ( P/Pr)~

'iound pres::-.ure level. d B

root mean :-.quare sound pre%ure. usually i n µN/m2

referenL'.e sound pressure Logarithm to the base l 0

The reference -;ound pressure. Pr. has an internationally agreed value of 20 µN/m2.

Sound is measured with a sound level meter wh ich is usually a portable, se lf­contained instrument incorporaring a microphone, amplifi er, u voltmeter and :m enuators. the whole o f which b calj brated to read sound pressure l eve l~ di rectly.

Sound Perception and Measurement

The rn~lgnitude of a sound. as perceived by human eur is calkd its loudneo,s. Ear is not ct;u ~i lly sen-;Hi ve at all frequencies and amplitudes of ..;oun<l r re,,u re. For tlw; reason. even though. the sound pressure level s of rwo different noises may be same. the fi'rst may be

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FREQUENCY

Fig. 1 £qua1 Loudness Contours for Pure Tones

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judged lo be louder chan che second i f the sound energy of che first is concentrated in a frequency region where the ear is more sensiti ve.

Fig. l shows a set of equal loudness curves for an average young person with good hearing. Ii stening lo pure tones.

To obwin levels which bear a closer relationship 10 loudness judgements chan sound pressure levels, so called frequency weighting networks, are incorporated in sound level meter~ . Such levels are termed as Sound Levels. Generally. three types of filters having frequency re'.)ponse curves A. B & C. as shown in figure 2, are employed 10

mutch the ear respon~e at low, medium and high loudness. respectively. However, extensive experience has shown rhac A-fi lter usuall y provides rhe highest correlation between physical measurements and subjecti ve evalumions o f loudness of noise. Levels on 1he A-scale are commonly expressed in dB( A).

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FREOUENCY IH2l

Fig. 2 Frequency- weighting Network for Sound Level Meters

M ost Sound Level M eiers integral<.! inst<lnl~neou s sound pressures over some time constant viz. Fast- . Slow- and Jmpulse-response time~ . Fast-response corresponds 10 a time constani of 0 .125 ~and is intended to approximate the time constant of human he:.ar ing system. Thus, i.! ll measurements of sound pre!)sure levels and their variation over time should be made using che Fast response time, except where it is not pos:dble. Sound Pressure M eters i nclude a Slow-response cime with a time constant o f I s. which may be used. for convemen~e. in non-recording M eters. ~ound Pressure Meters also include lmpube-response rime with a ume constant of 0.035 s. for mea-;urement of impul~e noise. such as noise from fifecrnckers. gun-shOL etc.

£q1111•alt'nt Cu11ri11uouJ So1111d Pre:-.~·ure Level, ~<i 1:, the level o f Lhat s1e<1dy sound which over the ')ame interval of time, contains the :-.time Cota.I energy (or dose) as the tluctuming sound

Equivalent sounJ level L~11• can be obtained from variable sound pressure level. L, over a li me ~nod T, by using following equauon:

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Equi' .1len1 continuou.<. !;ound k' el has gained widespread accep1.1n<.:e ;I) a ~cale for 1he mea~urement of long- term noi:>e expo ... ure.

EFFECTS OF NOISE ('umman '\ed from WHO report on 1.:ornmun11y noise)

Noi'>~ <.:an dl~lurb our work. re':>l . :.ltep. and 1;ummun1cat1on 11 can thlmage our

li;.1n nl:! and c:vol.c other p<.;ycholog1<.:al. ph)"'1olo~.il; al. and po,sibly p::ithological 1 ~.te1 1on' Howev1.:1. bcL.1use of t:omple\ity. 'a1iabil 11y anti 1hc 1nterat:1 1on or no1:.e wi th other c11v11u11 111~n1u l t:Jcl(>r" 1h1.: acJv~11,e health crfcct~ of noi::.e Jo m)t lelll.l lhl"llht.h·c' t\1" str. t 11t torwarJ ,1r.il}::.1~

He<1ri11g l mpairmcnl

Hean11g /Vl~:<hwu,111 · Tht ear i\ made up of 1h1ec pai ls : the ou1e1. midJle and inner e,1r .i::. '>huwn 1n figure 3.

TI11.: v1:)1ble pon10n o f the ou1er ear i) <.:ai led the pinna (or utrnde). The pinna form<.

the cnlr<1nce 10 the ear canal which c.:onduct'i 'oun<l waves to the ear-tl.cum (also l. nown ,,.., the 1ympan1c membrane).

P NA

ORGAN OF CORTI

OUIER fAR MIOl>lf INNER EAR EAR

Fig. 3 The Human Ear

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The middle ear is an air-fi lled cavity of about 2 cm3 containing the mechanism, which transmits the vibratory motion of the ear-drum to the inner ear. This mechanism

(<.:ailed the os5icu lar chain) consists of th ree tiny bones: .the malleus to r hammer). wh ich is a11ached to the ear-drum; the incus (or anvil), which forms an interconnecti ng level: and the st:.ipes (or ~tilTllp ). which allache5 to the oval window that serves as the entrance to the i nner ea r.

The inner ear includes three semi-circu lar canals at right angles to each other and the cochlea. The ::.emici rcular canals are pan of the body's balanc ing mechanism. The cochlea or the hearing portion of the inner ear resembles a snt'li l's shell . The auditory nerve fibers from the br<.iin end~ at the hair cells in cochlea.

As v ibrations hit the ear they ser into motion the ear drum and the ossicles. The ossicles produl:e vi brat ions 1n the lluid o f the cochlea. These vibracions are tnmscJui.:e<l by :>ensory hair celb into nerve impulses. The br:.ii n translates these impulses in to sound. The hai r cel ls are non-regener:ttive; thus, if they ure damaged or de:-.troyctl, heanng irnpuirmen1 will occur.

Heam1.~ lmpair111en1 can be either tempornry or permanent Nuise·11·1d1.1ced Temporary thrl"shold sh(/1 (N!TTS) is a temporary loss of hearing at:ttity l!X penenced after a relat ively sllon exposure to excessiv~ noise Pre-expo~ure he;;rring is recovered fai rly rapidly after ces')ation o f' the noise. Non'<' rnduced permanent threshold shift (NJPTSJ i-; an 1rrever<; ible lo-.'> or hearing that is caused by prolongeJ noise exposure. 1:3oth

kind' of los'). toged1er wllh presbyal·usis . the pamaocn1 heuring 11npanment that is aunbuted 10 che natural :.igtng proce!'-s . c:an be experi enced simu ltaneously.

No1!'-e-inlllll·e<l hearing impai rment occurs predominantly in the higher frequency range of 3000 - 6000 Hz. wi lh lhe largest effect at 4000 Hz. The main social c.:onseyuence or hearing. impairment 1:-. the i nab1I ity to understand speech in <lai ly living condition-.. and thi~ 1s considered lO be a severe social hanc.J1cap. Even smal l value:-. of hearing impatrmcn1 l 10 dB averaged over 2000 and 4000 H z <tnd over both ears) may acJver:>ely affect speech comprehension.

The ex tent o f hearing impairment in population:-. exposed L1> or.cupational noi., c depends on the value of LA~q.$h. the number of nuise-expo:.ed years. :-i.m.I on 1ndividuu l suscep1ibil i1y. However. hearing impairment is not expected lo occur at L,\cy .~n leve ls of 75 dB( A) or below, even for pt\)longed OLcupat1onal nobc ex posure.

In ca.~e of environmental anti lc1.-,ure ti m~ noise. l..\.-,1.1111 or 70 dl3(_A,. ) o r below \.viii no t cau:.c impairme n1 i n the l:lrge majority o f people . even atter ::i l i fe 11me exposure.

For adulb exposed 10 i mpulse noise al the workpl;.ice. th<:! noise l imit is ~et to a peak sound pressure level of' 140 dB . and the same limi1 is assumed to be appropriute for envirnnmemal anct ki ::.ure-time noise. In Lile i.:ase of <.: hildrt:.n. however. taking into CJl:l:OUnt their habit<;, the peak ->ound pressure level :-.hou ld never excee<l 120 dB.

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4.2 Sleep Disturbance

4.3

4.4

Sleep disturbance is a major effect of environmenta l noise. U nintelTupted ~leep i!>

known to be prerequisile for good physiological :ind men ial functioning o f healthy person::;. It rn~1y cause primary effects during sleep, and secondary effects chat can be assessed the day after night-time exposure. The pr imary effec.:t5 of sleep distu rbance are: di fficul1y in falling tts le~p: :rwakt:n ing.':> :.rnd alteration -; of sleep stages or depth : increased blood pres::.ure. heurt ra1t: e1c. The secondary , or after effects, the following morn ing or day!-;) are: reduced perceived sleep quality: i n c.:rta~d f~!igue: depressed muod or wel I beJ ng: ::ind decreased performance. For <l good ntght' s sleep. 1he equ1 valcnt sound level <>hould not exceed 30 dB( A) fo r continuous background mfr~e. and indi\'idual nui-,e event-; exceeding 45 dB(.h.) ~hould be <1voidctl .

Jnterfrrcn<:e with Speech Cornrnu11icati on

Speech interference i-; bl.l<;ically a rna~king proces<;. 111 which '5imulwneou" in1erfering 1101se render\ '>ptech i ncapabk o f being under\IOOd. The 1n.1bil i1y co under:-,tantl :-.pcech t l.!->Ult°' in a large number of personal hanclic;.ip~ and behavioural changes. Probkms wi1h concentration, fo11g.ue. uncertaint y and lack of self confidence, irritation. misunderstandings, decrea:,ed working capac11y. problems i n human rel<Jtions. and a number of stress reactions h:ive <tl l been identified. Panic.:ularly vulnerable :.tre the hearing impaireJ, the elderly. children in the process of language

and reading acqui~ition, and individuals who are not fami l ia r with spoken language. Speech intelligibility in every day l iving condi11on> i!) inlluenced by speech level: speech pronunciation: ialker 10 li~lener di~Lance: sound level and characterisLics of lhe interfering n oi~e: hearing acuity: <tnd by the level of allention.

i ndoors , speech cummunic.1tion 1s also affected by lhe rcveroerntion charactenstic!> of

the room. Reverbcn1tion time over J ~ produce loss in -;peech discriminal ion and make ~peech percept;Dn more Jifficul1 and straining. For full senlence in1elligibili(y in li sLener..; wi th normal hearing. signnl-10-noise-rntio (i.e. the di fterem:e between the speech level and Lht: '-vund level of che intcrl l.!ring llOt!>e) $hould be al least 15 dB{A). Since> the w unJ pressure level ur no1 nwl ~pl:l;ch is about 50 JB(/\ ), noi~e w!lh <;Qund kveh or 35 dBI A) or n1ore in1ed"~res wilh the inlelligibili ty ol" :-.peed1 in sm;.iller rooms.

Performance

It hi.!'\ bee:.11 shown, mainly in workers and children. thnl noise can adversely affect performance or cognnivc La!lks . Although noise induced arousal may produce betler pcrtormanc:e in -;implc lasks in the shon term, cogni1ive performance substantiall y d~tenorat c-.. for more complex lask.'>. Reading, anention, problem solving and mcmorlzat1011 are among the cogni1ive tasks rno::;t strongly affected by noise. Noise can abo ai;l :is a disl racting s1imulu.s ;md impulsive noise event~ may produce tfornpuve effects us a result ol' -.;1artk response.-..

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4.5 Annoyance

4.6

5.0

5. [

Noi .... e ;mnoyance may be defined u:- ;.1 keling of tli!>plcnsure evoked by no ise. The

annoyance inducing capacity or no1~e depends upon us physicul characreris11cs, i nc luding lh..: -;ound pre:::.~ure level . ~penra l charnclen st1c!:. and var ia1ions of 1hese propenic:-. wi1h lime. However. annoyance rcacuon:-. are -;ens1uvc to many 11on­Hco11·qic fllclor-.. of a so,:ia l. p-.ycholugit.:al. 01 econ1>mic naiurt! and there are t:\.>1h1derabk tl1I kreocc~ in im.J1vi<.Jual reaction" IC> the <iamt: no ise.

Du11ng day time, few peopk are high ly <~n noyed at LA-.'! levels below 55 d8(A). and few arc modc:!rately annoyed <II LA.,q levels below 50 dB U\). Sound levels during the evening und night should be 5-10 dB 1 0~~1· th:in during the day.

PhJSiologicul Functions

In work~rs ..::xposed cu noise.-and in pcopl~ living near airpons. indust ries and noisy .... 1rce1s. noi:-.t: '-·xpu-.:ur\:: may h;1vc :1 large l~mpornry. as well ;.1s permanent. impnc1 on

phy~iolog1cal funcl ion~ Aller prolong\!<l ex posure, -.u:-.cep11 ble indi viduals in the general popu l:t1ion rn:iy ul.'\l:lop pi!l'tnanent dfcus. such ns h:vpertension ;ind 1schaemit: heart c.Ji,eao.;e a:::.,u<:iatcd w11h expo-..ure 10 high sound levels. The

n1agn11uck Hild dt1r<1lion ol' the cffecb ;.1re c.Jt:ter111ined in pan by int.Jividu<.ll cllaraclem1ics. lik..;1yles. behaviours and environmental condition~ .

Worl.. er~ l!Xpo.,~d !O high levels of intlus1nal noise for 5-30 ye:1rs may show increasc:d blood prc ... -.111 e <1nd a11 lllcrc.t!>ec..I n~I.. for hypcrlen:-.1on. C.ird1ovascular el fec1~ have .1\,11 hel·n Jemrnhl!~ll\;J ,1rtcr long-krm c:~po-;ucl.' to :11r Jnc.l road traffic with L ,,<•i· 2-ih valnC'lll o)-70tl8CA).

LEGAL ASPECTS

USA ;ind UK have comprehensive und exclusive Act!\. such as Noi~e Control A<.'l, 1972. or USA and Con trol of Poll u1i1)1l Acl . 1974, P:trt 111 or UK. I n I ndia, m:ently. M i ni-;try o f Environment & Foresrs has no1if1t!d Noise Poll1111011 (Regula1ion anci Control ) R u le~. 2000. covering variou:- aspecl :-. of noise pul lutio11. There arc other pruv1-;iun:-. 11u1ified under \· ~11·ious A cts. in India. for co11trol or noisl' pollution. The e n.,ting kg:d provision for noi-;e control . 111 l)lll <.;Ountry. are :-.ummarisec..l below:

I ndian Pl'nal CudL·

NOl'it' pul lu1iun can be dealt under seclions 2o!:S. 290 and 29 1 oi the Indian Penal Code. a~ a public nu i~<mce. Under section 268 of 1h1s Code, 11 cs mentioned that ·A peri;un b gu1hy of a public mu .... ance. "ho does any act. or 1s guilty of an i l legal omis~iun "'hich cau.,es any curnmon 1tlJury. dttllg\;r. o r w1noyant:c 10 !he publ ic or the pe1lplt: in general who dwell or occupy property in 1hc vicinlly or which must 1lt:l'C!\\t1nly cause inJt1ry. obstrucuon. danger 01 unnoyan<.:t! 10 persons who may have ul:<.:a-.iu11 to ust• ;.1ny public ng.ln'.

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A common nuisance i~ not excused on rhe ground Lha1 i1 causes some convenience or advantage.

Sections 290 ~rnd 291 of the Indian Penal Code deal with 1he punishrnem for public n11isance.

5.2 Criminal Procedure Code

5.3

5.4

Under secti on 113 of 1hi.; Criminal Pro(;edure Code. the Magislfate has the power to make cond11ional order requiring the person causing nuisanl:e 10 remove such nuisance.

The Facto ries Act, 1948

T he F:.ic1ories Act tl 0t:~ no1 conlain any specific prov ision for noi<>e pollution control. However. under the third schedule under sect ions 89 and 90 of the Acl, 'noise induced heuring los\'. i!I mentioned as a notifiitble clisea:;e. Under section 89 of the Act. any medical practitioner '~ho de1ects any notifiable disease. including no1~e induced hearing los!->. in a worker. has lO report 1he case 10 the Chief lno.;pector of Factoric~. Cl long wi1h all other relevant i nformation. Failure to do so is a punishable offence.

Noise l imits for work zone area have been prescribed in Model Rules framed under the Factories Act. 1948.

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and Rules framed thereunder

Sections I 19 and 120 of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules. 1989. deal with reducli<>n of noise.

Sec1io11 J 19- HCJrn,, :

I) Every motor vehicle ~hall be fitted with an t:lecu ic horn or oth~r device approved by lhe Bureau of Indian Stand<1rd and the registeri ng authoricy for use by the driver of the vehicle and capable of giving audible and sufficien1 warning of the approach or posit ion of the vehicle.

2) Every motor vehicl e ~hall he '>O construc:t~d i.lllU maintained a~ 10 conform to the noise ~l<.lndard~ a!-> approved by BIS from time to 1irn.e.

Secrivn I 20 · Silencers :

I) Every motor vehicle )h.all be filled with a device (hereinafter referred to as a silencer) which by ine•ms of an expan~ion chamber or otherwise reduce:-. as far as prncticable, the noise that wou!d otherwise be made by the es<.:ape o f exhaus1 gases from the engine.

2) Every 1no1or vehic:le shall be so con<;tructe<l and mnint<ti:l<;<l so as 10 conform to noise q,u1dan.Js <1s inuica1ed in the Table below (rc1er 6.5) and 1hese -.,1andards <>hal l be 1c:s1ed a'\ per Indian Swn<lard~ IS 3028.

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5.5 Law of Torts

Linder 1he law of 1orb. a civil su11 can be filed churning damages for the nuisance . Nuisance n~ a ton mean., an unlawful interference with a person's u!>e or enjoyment of land or ~ome ngh1 over. or in connection w1lh i1.

5.6 T he Air (Preven tio n a nd Control of Pollution) Ace, 1981

Noise was included in che definiilion of air pollutam in Ai r (Prevention and Control of Pol lution) Act by an amendmem in 1987. Obviously afl the provisions of the A ir Act. become. uu1omaticall y. applicable in rc..,pect of noise pollu1 ion. also. Ambient noise ...-. swndnrds have been no11 fied undt!r the Air Acl , 198 1. C

5.7

5.8

6.0

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The MoEF, llus recen tl y notified Noise Polluuon (Regulauon and Control) Rules, 2000. (A nnexure l ). coveri ng vnnous asp~t·t1, of noise poll ution. Earlier. no ise standurds for vurious sources were not1 fied undel' the Envi ronmem (Proleccion) Act, 1986.

Regu lation5 on Loudspeakers/ Public Add ress Systen'I

Miiny of the Si are-. have 1heir own 1 cgula11on'> on Loud-;peaker~ Publ ic Addre-;5 System Some of 1hem .ire mentioned below

1) The Union Territory of Delhi Lou<l--ipe:.1ke1'.:I ( L1cen::.iM and ConirolhngJ Regulations. 1980:

1i) T he Ori::.sa Fire-\\'ork and Louuspe.il..c:r-. (Rt:gulation ) Act. 1958: 1i1) Madhya Prndesh (Comrol of Mu)ic and Noise) Ac t, 1951 .

The de1ai ls of T he Uniu n Terri tory of Delhi Loud-speaker) (Licen 5i ng and Conirol l i ng) Regulatiom. 1980' are given in Annexure -II

STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

Noi-;e standard:-. for ambiem ai r qualJLy. a11tomobllei;. dome!:>lic appliance-, & construct ion equipment. generator :--ei s, fi l'Cl:ntl:kcrs have been noti ried unJer Envi ronment ( Pro1~cl ion l Act. 1986. Noise slundurd:-. !'or 1110101 vehiclt: have also been notified unde1 Cenrrul Motor Vehic le Rult:s. 1989. Noisl· expo!>ure limit~ for work zone area have been pre-;cr ibed in the Model Rules framt d under che Fa<.:torie~

Act. 1948. These :.1andards/gu1deline<; are g iven below.

6.l Noise Standards fo r D omesti c Ap plia m:es and Construclion F:quipment at the Manufactu ri ng Stage

(as 110 1 ifi~d under Environment (Pro1ection) Ruic-.. 1986. by G.S.R.74::: :· 1::). tla1cu 30.8 90 and 'ub~equeml y amended by GS R -122(E). dared 19'11 Ma). 199'.>J

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6.2

Category of Domestic Appliances/Construction Equipment

a)

b) c)

d)

e)

Window air conditioners of I tonne to 1.5 tonne Air coolers Refrigerators Diesel generator ror dome'\lic purpose-; Compactors (rollers). Front loaders. Concrete mixers. Cranes (movable}. Vibrators and Saw~

Noise Standards

68 d8(A) 60 dB(A) 46 d.B(A) 85-90 dB(A) 75 dB(A)

Standards/Guidelines for con trol of -Noise Pollution from Stationary Diesel Generator (DG ) Sets

(as notified under Env ironment (Protection) Rules. 1986, by G.S.R. 7, dated 22°rJ December. 1998)

(A) N ui St> ~tandards for DG set~ ( J 5-500 KV A)

The total soun<l power level, Lw. of a DG ·set should be less rhan 94 + 10 log1o (KVA). dB(A), at the manufacturing stage, where KVA is the nominal power rating ot n DG set.

This level should fall by 5 dB(A) every five years . ti ll 2007 i.e. in 2002 and then in 2007.

<BJ Mandatory <lcoustic enclosure I acoustic treacment of room for stationary DG 'iCh (5 KVA and above)

Noise from the OG sec should bt'. controlled by providing an acoustic enclosu re or by treat i ng the room acoustically .

The acoui,1ic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum 25 d8(A) lno;ertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever i~ on the higher side (if the uccual ambient noise is on the higher side. it may not be pos-;ible to check che performance of che acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatm~nl. Under ~uch circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ;.11nb1cnt noi'ic level. preferably, in the night time). The mea~urement for insertion loss may be done at different poims al 0.5 m from the acou~tic enclo~urdroom. and then <lveraged.

The DG set should (}!so be provided wi th proper exhausl muffler with Insenion Loss of minimum 25 dB(A).

(C) Guidelines fo r the manufacturers/user-.. of DG sets (5 K VA and above)

I . The manu1'<1u urer slrnu Id offer 10 the user a <;tundard acoustic enclosure of 25 d8(A ) ln:-.en ion Lo~:- and also a !>uirnble exhaust muffler with lnsen ion Loss of 25 dB( A).

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6.3

2. The user should make efforts lo bring down the noi se levels due to the DG se1; outl.ide his premise~. wilhin lhe ambien t noise requirement s by proper siting and cont rol measures.

3. The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unsileoced DG sets as per slandard~ prescribed under (A).

4. The total soundi po°"".'er level of a DG .. et. at the user\ end. shall be wichin 2 dB( A) of the total sound level of the DG se1. at the manufacturing srnge. as prescribed under (A).

5. ln~tallmion of l'l DG set musl be s1ric1Jy 1n compliance w ith lhe recommendations of the DG sel manufacturer.

6. A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for 1hc DG sec should be se1 and followed in consultation wi th 1he DG 'iel manufac; turer which would help prevent no1~e leveb of rhe D O set from deteriorating with use.

Noise Standards for Fire-crackers

{n::. notifle<l under Environment (Pro1ec1ion) Rule". 1986, by G.S.R. 682(E). dated 5•h Ocrober. 1999)

A. i) The manufacture. ~ale or use of fire-crackers gc:nerating noi se level c.x<.:eeding 125 dB (AJI or 145 dB (C)p1: at 4 m~tus di~tance from the point of bursting ... hall be prohibited.

ii} For individual tire-cracl.er constllullng 1he '>eries Goined firecrackers). the <lbove memioned limil be reduced by 5 log10 (N} dB. when.~ N = number of crackers j oined 1ogether.

B. The broall requ1rc1n1.:nts for mea'iurenient of noise frum lire-crackers sh•ill be -

i)

ii)

The measuremem:. shall be mac.le on :.i h~rd t:uncrete surf ace of minimum 5 me{er d1.ime1er or equivalent.

The measurernenis shall be made in free field condi ri ons 1.e., there shall not be any reflec!ing surface up lO t5 meter Jistam;e rron1 the poinc of bursting.

The rneu-;urement :.hull be m:.iclc with an .ipprovc:d suunu kvel me1er.

C The Department of Explosives ..;hall ensure 1111plem~nwtiun of thest: ~1andards.

6.4 Noise Limit fo r Generator Sets run with Petrol or Kerosene

(a:- no111ied under Environment <Protection) Ruk'>. 1986. by G.S. R. 742< E). dated 25 111 St.:ptember. 2000)

L Noise limit

Noi-;l. l1m11 for new genernH.>r :-.Ct\ run with pe1rol or kt:ro!lenc sh<11! b\! a:. givl.'.11 hdow:

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Noise limit from

September I . 200 I Septembe r I. 2002

Sound Powt!r Level Lw,, 90 dBA 86 <lBA

2. A pp li cability

The<.e ru le' shal l apply to al l new genera tor ~ets using petrol or kerosene as fuel. manut<1c tured in or imported imo lndi:.1.

Prov ided that thew rul es <>hall 1101 apply to :

(a)

(b)

3.

any gen:-.el manttl'::ic: tured or impo1'led for the purpo<,c of ex pons ouhide India, or the gen<,el is tntendeLI l or the purpose of <;ample only and not for sale in India.

Requirement of certification

!:. very rnanu f~cturer or importer (hereinafter referred 10 as "supplier") of gen:;et

(hereinafter referred to a.) "produ~t") to which these rules appl y must have a valid cenificate of type approva l for all the product mode ls be ing manufactured or imported after the specific;d dace~.

4. Verifica tion of co1t.formity of p roduction (COP )

Every ..; u ppl i ~r )hall subj eL·t it'> product!\ 10 the verification for conformity or prod u<.: lion. by certifica11on body speci fied in c luu<;e 8. every ycnr.

5. Sale or gen em tor sets nut complying with these rules

T he ~.i k or a product model. not h~1ving vuli d type approval certificate. or no t i.:omplying w i th 1he noi-;t' lirnib. a~ determined by the verification for conformity or production. :. hal I be pn.>h1bilcd. in ln<lia .

(1. Requ i remen t or confo rmance labeling

6( I l The supplier of the ' r ro<luct' must affix <.J conformance label on the produc1 rneeting the fo llowing requirements:

(.:«) th~ label :-.hall be durable and legible. (bl 1he labd shal l b~ affixed on a part necessary for normal operanon of the

'product' .ind not normally requiri ng replacement during Lile 'product' l ife.

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6(2) The conformance label must c;unta1n the following 1nformal ion:

(a) naine & addres::. of the supplier (if the addre~s 1c-, described m Lhe owners manual. 11 may nol be included 111 the label),

(b) stmemem 1ha1 ~this product "·uofonm 10 the Environmenc (Protection) Rules. 1986".

(c) 1ypt· approval cenifi<.:ale number and (ime phase (1 .e Sepiernbc:r 200! or September 2002).

7. Nodal agt!ncy

( I ) T h1: Cemral Polluuon Control lfo;mJ ..;h;J JI ~ 1he nu<fa l agency for implemen tation of !he~e ru le~

(2) Jn ca:-.~ uf ;rny di)pUte or difficulty 111 impl~rnenlatJOll nf Lhe'\C! ru le~ lhc rnall\Or ~h<1ll be rcft:rred w the nod:1l agency.

()) The nl)Jal agenty shalJ com1i1u1e a S!ctnding CommilleC' to advise it on all mauen .. including !he <ll1spu1ed matters. reh11i::d 10 the: 11npkmcnt.i11on of lh~'\e rule:>

8. Certi(ka tioo body

The following ugcncie!> are :.iuthorised for type ::ipprvval ancl for vaificalion of conlunnily of pruduclion.

l I) AulOffiOlJVt: Research A~~OCl<lUOll or Ind ia, Pune:

t2) Nat ional Phy:>ica l Labora tory. New Delhi.

N.1val Sciem:e & Technology Laboru tory. Vi'\akhupa1narn

(4) Fluid Control Research Jn-.ttlule. Palgha1: ancl

9. Compliance and lt-:Slin~ procedure

The <:ompl iance c1nd tc:-ung pruccdu1c :>h<lll be pn:p:1re<.1 and publl.'>hed by Central Pnllu11on Contrul 13uard . with 1he hdp of the: ccrtilu;al!u11 CJ.gern:.:1~s.

6.5 Noise Limits for Motor Vehicles

(as notif11::d unJer Environment ( Pro1ec1ion) Rules. 1986. by G.S.R. 742(E). dared 25'

1' September. 2000)

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The !ollowing noise lirrncs for veh icles shall be applicabk from the l ' 1 tlay o f January.

2003. The tt;st 111echod w be followed shal l be 1$:3028-1998.

S.No. Type of vehicle Noise Limits from l SI

January, 2003, dBA

I. Two wheeler

Di . ..;p!ucemen1 upto 80 cnr' 75 I

D1~pbce 111e nt more than 80 ' bu1 77

I

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17 5 cm '

I D1~placcmcn1 mort> than 175 c.:nr' 80 r-- - ~ -------

2. T hree wheeler

1)1splm:ernen1 u plo 175 cm ' 77

Di~placement mun:: than 175 cm1 80

.>. Pa-,senger car 75 . 4 . Passenger or comm~n.:i<ll vehicle

Gro% v~hicle weig.hl upto 4 t0nne 77

Gross vehicle we1gh1 more than 4 tonne bul 80 up10 12 ronnc

Gross vehicle weigh1 more than 12 1onne 82

T he cx1-.ling I 1mi1:. on rass-by noi <;e c;hal I contmue with 1hc te!>L method JS 3028 - 1 99~

1i ll 1'1 January. 2003."

Th1..' ex isling lim1h are given below:

(<1.., notiftc<l umkr Central Motor Vehic le' Ru le<;, 1989. by G.S.R. 318 (E), daced 261h

M;.irch, 1993 (\\· e.f. 26 111 March, 1993)

t\'<.:1) motor vchi<.: le .-;hall be constru(: tCd and rnain taineJ so as to conform to noi~e -;wndarc.b a-. indicaled 111 the Table below . .ind 1hese scanJarus shal l be c e~ced as per l nd1,111 Swndards lS : 3028.

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6.6

Category of VdticJes Maximum Permissible Noise Levels

Two whed<!r' (petrol-<lmen) 80 dB(A)

All pa!>!>tllge1 car-.. all petrol-driven three- 82 dB(A) wheeler!> and diesel <.lnven cwo-wheelers

Pa~::.enge1 v1 light comm~n:wl vehide~ incluuing lhree-wheeled vehjcle!> tined with

d ie~el cngint: with gross vehicles weight up to 4000 Kg

Pa'isenger or commerc ial vehicles with gross v1,;htclc: we ight above 4000 Kg and up lO 12000 K g

Pa ... -.cngi:r or commercial vehicle'> with gr<>"). vch1t'lt! weight above I 2000 Kg.

Protection against Noise in Work Zont- Area :

85 dB(A)

89 d1:3(A)

9 1 dBCA)

(.1:-. p1e-.1..1rbt:d rn '>Lhedule XXIV of Mudd Rule:-. under Factorit:~ At:\. 1948)

In e' ery factory. ~ui 1able cngineermg rnncrol or adm1n1!>trat1ve measure!> shall ~ lJken 10 ensure. so far a' i-. rea..,onably pr~11.:t1c...1ble. thm no worker i:-. e>.posed to sound levels t::~..;eec!tng the maximum perml'lsiblc:; 1101\e exposure levd1, -.pecafa:d 111 Table~ I an<l 2.

Table - 1 Permissible Exposure in case.~ of Continuous Noise

To1<ll 1i111e of exposure (conti nuous or ll number of shon 1e1m exposures) per day. in hours

~

6 -l

J 2 1

1/ i

I 314 112 1/4

15

Sotind pressure level in dB( A)

90 92 95 97 JOO 102 105 107 110 11 5

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Notes:

l. No exposure in excess of 11 5 dB(A) is lO be permilted. 2. For any period of exposure falling in becween any figure and the next higher

or lower figure as indicated in column l, the permissible sound pre~sure level b lo be delermined by extrapolatioo on a proporti onate basis

Table - 2 Pt::rmissillle Exposure !eve.ls for (mpu1sive or Impact Noise

Peak sound pl."cssur~ level in dB Permitted number of impulses or impacts per day

l<-10 100

135 31 5 130 1,000 12:5 3. 160 120 10.000

Notes:

I . No exposure in excess of 140 dB pe<ik sound pres<;ure level is permiued.

2. For any peal< sound pressure level falli ng in becween any figure and lhe nex1 higher or lower fi gure as indicated in c:olumn I, the permilled number of impulses or impacts per day i -; to be determined by extrapolation on a

proponionate basis .

2. Fur the purposes of this !>Chedule, if 1he vanation:-, in che noi~e le vel invol ve maxi ma :ic in1ervab of one second or le'>s. 1he noise i~ to be considered as a

continuous one and the criteria given in table I would apply . Jn olher cases, the noise is LO be con~1dered as impulsivl:! or 1mp<1c1 noise and 1he criteria t! IVt'n in wble 2 woul<l appl y.

3. When the dail y c-xpusure i'> cumpos~J of two or more periods or noise l:!xpu :...ure at different level -; their combined effect -;houl<l be considered. rather than the 1 nd1 vic.Jual ef l'ect o f each. The mixed expo-;ure ~hould be considered co exceed the limit value if the !>um o f 1he rr~icLions _ c t/11 + 0 t f2 + ..... +cN/TN

ex1.:eeds unity.

Where the CI. C2. cic. indicate the to1al lime of ac1ual exposure ar a specified noi :...e levd and TI. 1'2 e!C. deno1e th1..' ume of exposure permissible at that

level Noise exposure of les~ 1h11n 90 dBA may be ignored in the above calcu I ation.

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4 Where i l b not pmsib!e 10 reduce the no1 ~e ex po~ure 10 1he lt:vel.;. specifle<l i n '>lib-ru le (I) by rea~0nab ly pn.1cl1c.1b lc: c:ngineenng control or adminis1ralive mc::a..,ures the noise c:x.posure shall be reduce<.! 10 the g1 eatest ex1ent feasible by -.uch conirol mca:-;urc:>. olld each worker so exposed shall be provided with ..;u rtahle ear protccto1·<; '0 a~ 10 reduce 1ht> expo~ure to noise to che level-. specified 111 sub-rule ( I}.

S. Where the car protecwrs provided in accordance wi th sub-paragraph (_4). and worn by d worker cannoi sti ll ;.11tenua1e the nobe reaching near hi~ ear. as 1.ktermincd by subtracting the auenua1ion vn lue in dBA of the car protectors <.:oncern-:J frnrn the measured ounJ prc:..,.;urt: levd. to <l level permissible unc.kr table l or table 2 as the cn~e m:.iy be. the no 1~e exposure period :-.hal I be suitably reduced co corrc~pond 10 the penn is~ib le nobe exposures specified in illlb-puragraph ( l ).

6. ta) In all case:; where lhe prevailing ~uund level~ exceed the perrnis:-.ible leve l~ speci fied in !>Ub-paragraph ( I) there sh::i.1 1 be :1dm1nistered an effective henn ng con~crvation programme wh11.:h sha ll i nc lude among other hearing comervation measure<>. pre-employmen1 and periodical auditory sur"cy~

<..:onduclcd on W<.lrker" expo..,ed w n01'ie ~>.cec:drng. l he pennissible level 'i. and rehabd it:.mon of such worker-, eit.hec by 1 e<.luc111g the exposure lO the noise leve ls or by lran ... ferring them to pluces where nohe leveh are relat1vely less or by any 01her !>Ullablt ine:.in~.

tb} Every worker employed 1n ureas wh~re the noise exceeds lhe maximum penni:-.~ible exposure kvel" !.peci fied i11 ~ub- rule ( I ) shall be subj ected 10 :my audi tory examinauon by a Certifying Surgl'On wi thin 14 day~ of his first ernploymeni and therea fter, shall b~ re-examined a l le..1~l once ~very 12 month<;. Such initial and periodica l examim1tion~ shal l include lest 'i which the Cert ifying Surgeon may consider appropriate and ~hall include Jeterminu11on ()f auditory threshold '> for pure tone!', or 125. 250. 500. IOOO. 2000, 4000 and 8000 cycle:s per ~econd .

NOISE LEVEL SURVEYS

Amb1en1 noise kveh in four metropolt rn n C!l tC'- (Delh i, Mumbai. Calcu11a. & Chennai) have been com.pjled and pres~nled in figurel> 4-7.

8.0 NOISE CONTROL

Noise control i" the t.echnology of obiaining .tn accept.able noise environment, at a receiver. consistent w11h economic and operational consH .. krauons: tile re<..:e iver m<1y be a person. a group of people. or a piece of equipment who~e operalion I'> affect.ed by noise.

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50

70

'=O

5"

30 2 3

88

8 2 82 83

71

4 5 6 7

LOCATIONS

ilJ

71

8 9 10

--, l I 1 . Ashok V 1har(R)

2 r riends Colony(R) 3 on 'lughl P 10..e(CJ 4 K Hol Bagr (C) 5 A c1 j Parval (I)

6 Waz11pur(I) 7 AllMC){TI)

8 ITOtll J LNJ F H o p1ta l (~ J 1 !'1 'J1 o Jl rl">ar i H , S!J ral(.$)

' R ·Reside ntial C · C o mmercial

I · Industr i al $ - S ilence Tl· T r a f11c lnlerseclion

Sourc e : Air Lab., Cen11al Po flut1on Control Board Leq: Equrvalenr Continuous Sound Pressure Level

Fig. 4 Ambient Noise Levels in Delhi (1999)

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90

SC'

71..

2° SU ...J

40

77

1'1173

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78

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111

•'•1 •• ~, .;

.<

2

81

3 s 6

80

7

83

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8

80

9

LOCATIONS

81

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10

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11

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12

82

....

13

80 8 1

-114

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15

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16 17

80

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18

1 Dunlop Bridge 2 Chma More 3 Nagar Bazar Mor .. 4 Shyam B azar V Point 5. Ultadanga VIP More 6 Man1cktala More 7. Girish Park 8 Strand Road·Howrah Bridge

Approach 9. Seafdah Mirjapur 10 Bow Bazar·College St. 11 880 Bagh·SE Corner 12 Esplcin.•de·Lenin Sarani 10.Mc.u• -111 More 14 Par~. St AJC Bvse Rd 15 M1n10 Park· Lansdown 16 Ha;ra More 17.Jadavpur Sulekha

Source: West Bengal Pollution Control Board Leq : Equ1vaJen1 Continuous Sound Pressure Level

Fig. 5 Ambient Noise Levels (At Traffic Intersections) in Calcutta (1999)

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82 83 8 1 80 - 80 81

1e - 78 78 78 ~ 79 -77 - --80 - - - --' 70 : ' -.

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3 4 5 7 8 9 10 , 1 1i 13 14 15 16

LOCATIONS

, Fig 6 Ambient Noise Leve1s in Chennai (1997}

20

71 -

61 60 - -

~ -51 -

-

1.

17 18 19 20

O l;)AY

67

-58 -

21 22

1 Ga11an1 Statue (Ml :! Adyar Signal (C:)

3 Sat0apPt (Cl 4 Ega The me (Cl 5. Pu1as<MaJkham (C) 6 Perarnbur (C)

7. Vallalar NagCJr <Cl 8 Tond1arpe1 (Cl 9. Rova(:)uram (C)

10 Parry's Corner (C) 11 Egmore (PH RoadP (C)

12 Anna Salal (Near Spencer Plaza) (Cl 13 Anna Flyover (C) 14 Children's garden School Society (MtC)

t 5.Rosary Ma1ncula11orr Hr Sec School. Sanlhome (M/Cl •

16 .Panchayappan Hr.Sec.School (MIC) 17.Dr.Ambedkar Govt.Hr Sec.School.

Egmore (MIC) 18.Besanl Nagar CR) 19.Anna Nagar Towe1 Part< (R)

20.Anna Unlversil)' Campus {M) 21.KMC Hospital (M)

22 Rippon Bu11dll'lg {M)

R · Residential C ·Commercial

M · Mixed

Source: Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board Leq: Equivalent Continous Sound Pressure Level

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80 79

75

2

71

f. ~.

3

78

I ..

4

77 77

5 6

77 n

69 68

7 8 9 10

LOCATIONS

1 BMC Head Office (C S T) 2 CST Aly Sta!IOn 3 Fort Azad Madan 4 Hu1a1ma Chowk Fort

78 i8

s Md Ah Road MasJld Sunder 6 Sandhurst Road Rty Stn 7 Byeu .a Aly Stn.

11

76 75 74

;,

12 13 14 15 16

75 76

17 18

8. Lower Parell NM Joshi Marg 9 Parel (Near KEM HospitaQ l O Parel Bharatmat Theatre

11.0adar East (Outside Rly Stn

12 Dadar W est (Market Area)

13 D<~dar 1~1a1.a Theatre 14 Sion Cragan Mr-ht 1 Pt trot

Pump 15 Kur1a Bus <::top (West) H5 Bl· 1ndup East Mkt Alea 1 7 Gh;:nkopar Aly. Stn 18 V1khrol' (outside Aly Stn)

Source: Maharas tra Pollution Control Board Lp : Sound Pressure Level (Avg .)

Fig. 7 Ambient Noise Levels in Mumbai (2000)

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8.3

In general. nui::.e con1rol techniques may be classified in three categories

J) Noise reduction •ll the source b) No1c:;e contro l of the transmission path. and c) The use of noi::.e prmecc1ve measures at the receiver.

WhJCh method or which combination of methods. 1~ employed depends on the amount uf noi~~ reduction that is required and on economic and operutional consideration::..

Noisr Reduction at tbe SourC'e

lmponam methods of concroll ing noise ;11 i ts <>ource i nclude:

a) tht:' re<lut.: t il>n of the exciting force~. e.g. reduction or impacts or impulsiv;:: forces. bul anc111g of rnoving mass;;:-..., reduction of friction<1I forces by proper <1lignment and lubncauon. etc .:

b) the reducrll)n of the respon'\e or variou:-. components of che system to these; cx<.:iting fon.:~!>. e g. by application of vibration-damping materi<.1ls lO che rndiacing

'llrfoces. cJ chJ.nges in opera11ng procedure, e.g. u foccory . adjacent to the residemial area~.

-.uspcnd or reduce noise genera1ing operations at nighr.

Noise Control of lhe T ransmission Path

c: u

co Another general technique of noise reduction is that of conirolling the cransmission () path so as w redu<.:e lhe energy that is communicated IO che receiver. This may be 0.. done in a number of w ays: 0

aJ .~iting. e.g. by increasing distanc.;c between the ..,ource and the receiver. b) pach deflection. e.g. by use of barrier. c) properly de<:igned enclosures. d) absorption. e.g. by providing sound absorbing material in <1 room where both

the ~ourcc and the re<.:ei ver are present. m0s1 of the reflected sound can be avoi<le<l.

Protective M~asures at the Receiver

The followi ng. noise cun1rol techn iques may be employed where the noi ..,e leve l at 1he recei vc:r is <.:on,idered to be excessive.

'1) u~e ot' personal protective equipment, t: .g. use of earplug~ . earmuffs. noise

helmet' l! lc.; bJ Education and public relations; <.:) Expo~ure control , e.g. the rota1ion of personnel so rhat work assignments in

the intense noise urea are for a l imited period of ci me only.

22

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ANNEXURE-1

(The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000. as notified by S.O. l 23(E), dated 14111 February, 2000. and amended by S.O. l046(E). dated 22nd November, 2000)

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS

NOTIFICATION

New Delhi, the 14 February, 2000

S.0.123(£) - Whereas the increasing ambient noise levels in . public places from various :\Ources. inter-alia. industrial activity, construction activity, generator sets, loud speakers, publ ic address systems. music systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices have deleterious effecl~ on human health and the psychological well being of the people: i1 is considered necessary 10 regulate and con1rol noise producing and generating source~ with the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise;

Whereas a draft of Noise Pollution ( Con1rol and Regulation ) Rules. 1999 was published under the notiftcauon of the Government of lndia in the Ministry of Environment and Fore<,1~ vide number S.0. 528 (E). dated the 281

h June, J 999. inviting objections and "iugges1ion~ from all 1he person~ likely to be affected thereby, before the expiry of the period of sixty days from the dare on which the copies of the Gazette containing the said notific<rlion are made available to the public;

And whereas copies of the s<iid G<1zeue were made available to 1he public on the l si

day of July. 1999:

And whereas the objectiom and suggestions received from the public in respe.ct of the said dr~ft rules have been duly considered by the Central Government:

Now, therefore. in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (ii) of sub-section (2) of sec1ion 3, sub-~ec1ion (I) and clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 6 and section 25 of the Environment (Protect ion) Act. 1986 (29 of 1986) read with rule S of the Environment (Protection) Rules. 1986. the Central Government hereby makes the following rules for the regulation CLnd control or noise producing and generating sources, namely:

The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

l. Short-title and commencement:

(I) These rules may be called the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control ) Rules. 2000.

(2) They ~hall come into force on the date) of their publication in the Official Gaz.eue.

23

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2. Definitions: ln 1hese rules, unless 1he context l>therwi~e requirc:s :

3.

a) "Act" means the Environ111en1 (Prolecuon) A ct. 19))6 (29 ol l986); b) "areal zone" means all areas wh ich fall in eilher of the four categories given in

the schedule annexed to 1hese rules: c) "aulhority" means ond includes any au1hori1y or o flicer au1horised by rhe

Cen1ral Government. or as the ca.\e may be. the Stale Government in accordallce wnh the law-, in force and i ncludes a Di::. tricl Magiscrate. Poli~e Comm1:-.:-.10ner. or ;my ocher officer nut below the n.111.k of th<: Depuly SuperimenJcnt of Police designated for !he maintenunce o f 1he ambient air quality -.wmlards 111 respec1 of noise under :iny law for lhe 1irne being in force:

cJ) "mun" mean.\ a governmerllal body con:-. isung of one or more judge~ who .1.i1

10 adjud1c<1tt dispute:-. and ac.lmmi<;ler ju-.tic:e an<l 1m:lu<les any cour1 of law presided over by a judge. j udges or a mag.i-;trate and acting as a tribunal in l.:1vi l, taxauon ;.ind crimrnul case:::-..

t'} "edU<.:ational 1n:.titution" means i\ school, seminary. college. univer:>JLy. pro! es:.ional academics. training in.su lutes or other educationul eswblishrnent. not necessarily a chartered in-.1iw11on and i nclude:-. not only buildings. bur aho all ground:-. 11Ct:C'>~a ry for the acc..:ompl15h111ent of the full 'iCOp~ of educ:a1ional instruction. including those things e.s~ential lo mental. moral and

physic<il development. I) "ho.spiwl " means an institution for the re<.:eption and care o f "ick, wounded.

infirm or aged persons. and includes governmenc or privale hosp1tah. nur~mg homes and i.:linics:

g) "person" sha ll include any company or association or body of 111dividuab. whether incorporated or noc:

h) ··swre Government" in relation lo a Union Terri1ory means tile Adm i ni~trawr

thereof appointed under article 2:'W of the Conslllulion.

Ambit:nt ~ir quality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones:

I) The ambient <1i r qualit y -;wncJards in respct;t ur noi!\e for diflcrent ar~as/Lones ~hull be :-:uch a'> ')pec ified in the Schedu le annexed to the'e rules.

2 l Th~ State Government -.,hall caregonze the areas iniv indu::,tr1al. commercial.

rc.sitlemial or silt: nce area:-:/wnes for the purpose ot 11nplementaoon or noise :-,Landard~ for cJiffercnl areas.

3) The Stale Government '\hal l l,tke rnt:<Mtrcs fo r aba t ~m~nl of noi'c 1rn:lu<ling no1 <.,e emanating from vehkutar movement" and cnwre that the cxi:.ting noi'.-e leveb do not exceed the ambient air qLwliry sianc.lards :->pec11·icd und~r these rule-.,.

4) Al I Jevclopment auth<.>riues. local bodies and other concerned authoritie!-­while phtnning <levelopme111al activity or carrying out !'unction-; relati ng 10 to-wn and country planning. shall take into con~i<lernlion ,di a.spec1s or noise pollution as a parameter o f qu<Jiity of life!<.> avoid noise menace and to achieve

che objective of m<iintaining the ambient air quality '.)tandards in re.spect of no1-.:c .

5} An nrea cumpri-.;ing not le:>:> 1han J 00 metres around ho:.pitab. edu<:mional 1n'itituuon.., and <:oun:. may be dec lared a-. ~ ilem.:e nre:-a/zon(: for the purpose of 1hc:'c ru les.

24

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4. Responsibility as to enforcement of noise pollution control measures:

I ) T he noise levels in .iny area/zone :-.hall no1 exceed the ambient air qualily suindar<h in re~pect or noise as ">pecified in the Schedul~.

2) The au1hority shall be respon<;ible for the en forcement o r" 001 .;;c pollution coni rol mea:>ures and the due compl iance o f lhe ilmbien1 air quality ~ l andard~ in re~pe<:l of noisl!.

5. Restridio1\s on the use of loud speakers/public address system :

6.

7.

8.

I ) A loud ~peaker or a public ad<lre~~ system ~h <l ll not be used except after obrnining written permis~ion from the au1hori1y .

2) A loud -;peaker or a public address c;ysiem shall not be u~ed al nigh t (between 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.) except in c losed premise:; for com.munica11on within. e.g. uudi toria. con ference rooms. communi1y halls and banquet halls.

ConseqLl~nces of any violation in silence ·.wne I area :

Who~ver. 111 any place covered under the si lence zone/area commns any of the following <.lffcrn:e. he ~h;d l be: li able for penally under lhc prc)Vlsion~ vf the Ac1:

( 1} wh~ver . plar any music or uses any sound ampl i fier:-.. l1i) whoi:ver . hear:-. ;i drum or iom-tom or blow~" horn either musical or pressure.

or lrumpel or beal~ or sound any instrument. or (1i1) whoever. exhib11 -; ;..iny m1me1ic. musical or other perfonnance'\ o f a na1ure 10

<lllrn<:I t:rowc.h.

Complajots to be made lo the authority :

I ) A person may, if the noise leve l ~xceed .... the :.11nbien1 noi:-.e ~ta ndard!) by 10 dB (A) or more given in the corre~ponding columns against any areahone, rnnke <I complain! to the auLhorily.

2) The uu1hori1y shall act on the complaini and l:.lkc action against the violator in ;;iccordance with the provisions o f' these rules :rnd any orher law in force.

Power to prohibit etc. conlinuancc of music souod or noise:

I ) I f the.; authori1y i:-. .... ati!)fied trom lhe report of an offiter in charge of a police !>t ~1l 1on or other information recei ve<l by htm 1h:.i1 it i-; nece<;~ary 10 do so in order to prevent annoyan\.:c!. dis1urbance, <Ji c;comfort or mjury or risk of <.1nnoyJnce. di:-.turbam:e. di,comfon or injury 10 1he public or 10 any person who dwell or occupy property on 1he vicinity. he may. by a w riuen order issue ~uch <lirec1iom. us he may consider ncces!.ar y 10 any per~on for preventing. prohibi ting.. c.:ontrolling or regulating :

.1) the incidence or cu11t111uancc: i n 01 upon ~ny premi~es of -

( i ) any voc.;a I or 1 n ..,, ru mel\til I mu c.; i<: .

25

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(2)

(ii) sounds caused by playing. beating, clashing. blowing or use in any manner whatsoever of any mstrumenl including loudspeakers. public address systems. appl iance or apparatus or contri vance which is capable of producing or re-producing sound or

lj ) the carrying on in or upon, any premises of any trade. avocation or operation or process resulting in or auended with noise.

The authority empowered under sub-rule (1) may. ei ther on its own motion. or on the applicat1on of any person aggrieved by an order made under sub-rule (I), either rescrnd, mod1f y or alter any such order.

Provided !hat before any such appltcauon ts disposed of. 1h~ ~aid authority shall afford 10- the applican1 an opportuni ty of appearing before ii either in person or by a pen;on representing him and showing cause agai ns! the order and shall, if it rejects any ~uch application either wholl y or in pun. record its re(:lsons for such rejection

26

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SCHEDULE

(see rule 3 (I) and 4( l ))

Ambient Air Quah1y SL'.lndards 111 re~pecc of Noise

Area Code Category of Linuc~ 1n dB(A) 4q.

No1e ·-

Are3/Zone Day time_ I Nighc time

A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 -c Residential area i5 45 D Si lence Zone 50 40

:

I Day tune shall mean from 6 00 a m 10 I 0.00 p.m. 2. Nighr 1ime 1hall mean from 10.00 p.m 10 6.00 am J Silence -;.vne il an area compristn>f no1 less titan JOO metre:, around hospuals.

educ:atiunul 111stitu1ions. courts reli~totA' pine C'l or Qll\ other area which is cledared m such by the comµeren1 au1Jwmv

4. Miud <:ategones of area~ may be declared as one of 1he Juur above mentioned categories by 1he comperem awhonry

• "' dB < AJ L.:lf denote~ 1he time wt>igh1~<l nvcr11ge o f the lt:vd of sound in decibeh on :-.~n l e A which i c; relatable 10 human hearing.

• A "decibel" b a unit in which noi ~e i~ measured.

• "A'', in d 8 (A) L""' deno1es the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and 1.:orrespond~ co frequency rl!sponse characteri~t ic.., of the human ear.

• L,~ . 11 i~ an energy mean of the noise level over a spec1ftt:d pt:rtod.

27

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ANNEXURE - II

THE UNION TERRITORY OF OELHl LOUD-SPEAKERS (LICENSING AND CONTROLLING) REGULATIONS, 1980

Whereas Lhe Commissioner of Police considers i i expedienl 1ha1 regu lac1ons should be fn.1med 101 licen!.ing and coniroll i ng loud <ipeaker<; in the Union T erritory of Delhi .

A nd whereas 1he Comm.issioner of Police i ~ ~ar isfied that circumstances exi st which 1ender it neces::.ary that ~uch regulatioo shou ld be brought into force al once.

Nl)w. 1herefor~. the Commissioner of Police with 1he previous sanction of the A dmi111,11utor of Union Terri tory of Delhi :.ind in exercise of powers conferred by sub-clause (ii1) ot ch1u.)e (s) of Section 28(!) read with ~ub-section (2) & (3) of s~ct1on 28 of the Delhi Police A~t 1978, is pleased 10 make the following regulations. namely :

1. Shorl titlt, extent and application - The"e regulnt1ons may be cal led the Union Tt:rrirory of Delhi Loud-speaker ( L1cen~ing and Controlli ng) Regulation~. 1980.

a) They shall exce11d 10 the Union Terrirory of Delhi . b) These regulations shal l come inro force from the date of their publication in

Delhi Gazette.

2. Oelinicions- Ln these regulations un less che context requires otherwise :

3.

a) "Commissioner" mean~ rhe Comrnis~ioner of Police, Union Territory of Delhi. b) "Lic.:encc" means a Licence granted under these regulmion for using the loud­

~peaker in the Union terri tory of Delhi . c) ''Licensee" means a person who has been granted a licence under chese

regu I ations. d) "Licensing Authority" means the Contmissioner of Police or any ocher officer

a~ may be authori~ed by him.

No pen.on shal I use. operate or permit the use or operation of a loud speaker in any public place or within distance of 200 meter<; fro1n any public plac~ or i n any place of public entertainment, except under :.ind i n accordance with the conditions of license grant~d by the Comrrussioner of Police. Delh i. or by any officer authorised by him in 1hat behalf.

4. No Loud-speaker shall be used or operated or pern1i11ed to be u~ed or operated from a moving vehicle for any purpose excep1 w ith 1he pef1TUssion of Lhe Conunissioner of Police o f Delhi , or any other officer so au thorised.

5. No Loud-speaker shall be i.ns1alled or operated from a posilion which overlooks a public road, except with 1hc previou:. permission of the Commjssioner of Police. Delhi or any other officer so au1horised.

28

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6. i) No Licence for the use of Loud-speaker from ::.talionury vehicle will be granted

7

8

9.

10

I L

unleo.;s ·

(a) J list ur public places where the vehidc carrytllg .1 loud speaker is intended ro be .,tat1onec.J alongwith the date an<l time of its use '" lllrn1shed 10 the Licensing A uthority along with 1he application fur the ht.encc

<bl the L1cen~ing Authority is satisfied that no obstruc:tH.·m tl> ltl-el v 10 be caused to tralfa: by the ust: of Loud-speaker from the vch1ck

1i ) Tht! L.:icence under ::.ob-section ( J) shall ,1lway) be subject to the condition that if 111 order 10 remo"e cong~stion on roads. ma111tain 01 der or prevent corruniss1on of u nuisance. any Pol ice Officer thin~s 11 nrces~ar)1 that the vehicle from which a loud speaker is used ~hou ld be shifted to some oth~r pince, he sh:tll have 1he right to ciir<..,c: t the Llcen-.ee to <;h1 1'1 th~ vehkle und en::.ure l1s t:ompliance.

No Loud-speaker ::.hall be used or operated or pernuu ~d to b~ used or operated by any p~r..,un holding I 1cence in ~uch manner as to cJ1~1urb or CJU!ie nnnoyance to any other pet:)Qn residing in or carry ing. on bu.,incs~ 1J1 any building 01 premise.., adjoining the publ ic place or place of public entertainment

An) Pollet' Ofl1cl!r above the rank of Con~t<tble hcmng JUrhd1e11on in the areu shall have fn:t' <tccc::.' to the place ot pubhc enien.11nmcm. where a loud .;peaker is berng u'ed. to lltlll~fy himself that the condiuons of 1b licence 11re not vio l ~1ted.

The Ct•mm1~~1oner o f Police. Delhi. or any offict:r authomeJ under 1egula1ion 3. may carn.:el thl' hc.:enlle isc;ue<l under regulation 3 1f the holder of 'iU(;h licence comravenes .my of the ubove regu lation~ or the condu1on' sub1cc1 tCJ which the hcence 1<; 11;<;ued.

The furego1n~ regulations ~hall not be deemed to pre' l!nt the Com1rn'\s1oner of Pohc.:e, Dt!lht. or subJe~1 to his orders any Police Officer lrom giving, as occasion may re4uire. :.my special direction or order under ~e<.:l!on 29 or from issuing any notification under sub-section (l) of section 30 or a11y order under sub-section ( I) of :-:ec:uon 32 of the Delhi Pol Ice Act. 1978.

Notwuh~rnnding anything contained 1n these regulations or rn the provisions of any licence thereunder. the Commissioner of Police, Delh i . or any other officer authorised b)' him may. by order prohibi t the use by rile licensee or any or al l Louu-..;pe:.i.ker~ tn any plac~ f<>1 w ch period a!. he rn::iy deem I 11. in ur<kr lo preven t ob:.truc!Jon 1n<.onven1l!m:c. annoyance. risk. danger or dange1 10 the res1dt:n1' or p<:is')cngers in 1he v1cinuy.

12. •\Jeces .... 1ry reg1..,1er regarding grant of perm1s)1on mu-.1 b~ nMrnta1ned wich the tullow1ng columns Jnd staff tlelnded tor p:u1olltng be :idv1::.ed to keep necessary Wdtch ac:c.:ordmgly to avoid misu~e of -;uch perm1v,1on

29

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SJ No. Dale T imes of permi~sion accorded

Name/address of the owners of Loud-speaker

W hile gnmting pemtission Lo use Loud-speaker, a condition shall be imposed rha1 Lhe I .mll.l·:-.peaker wi l l be playec.l al a minimum volume audible Lo the persons for whom ii 1. 11wJ11 t i.e .. immediate congreg:.i1ion .

30

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Published by Dr. B. Sengupta, Member Secretory

Central Pollulion Control Boord, Delhi-32 at Envis Cenlre-01

Printing Supervision & L9yout: P.K. Mahendru, Mohendro Pandey, Salish Kumar and Mohd. Javed

Fox : 91-11-2217079, 2204948, EPABX : 2225792, 2222073, 2222856, Telex : 031-66440 PCON IN

e-mail : cpcb@olpha.nic.ln, Website : http://envfor.nlc.ln/cpcb

Printed at : J.J. Offset Printers, 7, Printing Press Area, Wozlrpur, Delhi-11 O 035.

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