SOUND TO ELECTRICITY

HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALDIA

PRAYUKTI 2014

GOSPEL CAT.1

PRESENTED BY:

RUPESH KUMAR AEIE 9042538H.I.T

SABORNI SANFUI AEIE 8691383H.I.T

PRAGNYA DASGUPTA AEIE 9331378H.I.T

CAN YOU IMAGINE YOUR LIFE WITHOUT YOUR COMPUTER, MOBILE, LIGHTS AND OTHER DAILY USED APPLIANCES, IT IS REALLY VERY HARD TO IMAGINE OUR LIFE WITHOUT THESE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES.

ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION IS INCREASING DRASTICALLY, ON THE OTHER HAND PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC POWER IS LIMITED.

IT’S TIME TO THINK OF SOME ALTERNATIVE AND GREEN.

HERE WE ARE INTRODUCING AN ALTERNATIVE :

SOUND!!!

AIM: TO CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

SOUND ENERGY IS A MECHANICAL ENERGY WHICH TRAVEL IN THE FORM OF WAVE, MECHANICAL WAVE THAT IS AN OSCILLATION OF PRESSURE WHICH NEED MEDIUM TO TRAVEL.

AS SOUND WAVE IS A MECHANICAL WAVE WHEN IT TRAVELS THROUGH A MEDIUM IT DISTURBS THE PARTICLE OF THE MEDIUM THESE DISTURBANCE CREATED BY SOUND COULD BE USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY BY THE LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.

IN OUR DAILY USE WE USE MANY PRODUCTS IN WHICH THE CONVERSION BETWEEN SOUND ENERGY AND ELECTRIC ENERGY TAKES PLACE FOR E.G.:-MIC , SPEAKER , MOBILE PHONE ,TRANSDUCERS. HOWEVER THE AMOUNT OF CONVERSION IS VERY SMALL AND WE REQUIRE LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY TO CONVERT IT SO THE PROBLEM IS HOW WE COULD CONVERT EFFICIENTLY.

METHODS OF CONVERSION1. USE OF DIAPHRAGM

• SUPPOSE WE CREATE A VERY THIN CURTAIN LIKE DIAPHRAGM WHICH WILL GET FLUCTUATED BY THE OSCILLATION AND PRESSURE CREATED BY SOUND WAVE.

• A CONDUCTOR WILL BE ATTACHED TO IT WHICH WILL BE PLACED BETWEEN MAGNETIC BARS THESE FLUCTUATION WILL CREATE A MOVEMENT IN CONDUCTOR WHICH WILL AFFECT THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF THE MAGNET THIS WILL GENERATE MOTIONAL EMF AND WILL GENERATE VOLTAGE ACROSS IT.

• GENERATED VOLTAGE (EMF) = (VELOCITY OF CONDUCTOR) X (MAGNETIC FIELD) X (LENGTH OF CONDUCTOR)

• AS THE FREQUENCY INCREASES THE MOVEMENT WILL BE FAST. IT WE WILL PRODUCE APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY. IT WOULD WORK SIMILAR AS THE WORKING OF TURBINE. BUT ITS LIMITATION WILL BE THAT IT WILL BE EFFICIENT ONLY IN THE PLACE WHERE HIGH DECIBEL OF SOUND IS AVAILABLE. FOR EXAMPLE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, INDUSTRIES USING HUGE AND NOISY MACHINES.

2. PRODUCTION OF HEAT

IN THIS METHOD WE COULD CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO HEAT ENERGY.

AS SOUND WAVE TRAVEL BY OSCILLATING THE PARTICLES OF THE MEDIUM SO WHEN SOUND ENERGY TRAVEL THROUGH THE MEDIUM IT WILL DISTURB THE PARTICLES OF THE MEDIUM, THESE DISTURBANCES WILL BE USED TO CONVERT SOUND TO HEAT.

THIS METHOD IS LESS EFFICIENT DUE TO MORE ENERGY LOSSES TAKING PLACE WHILE CONVERSION OF SOUND ENERGY TO HEAT ENERGY AND THEN HEAT ENERGY TO ELECTRIC ENERGY.

3. PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL

• PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS ARE TRANSDUCERS, ITS’S CRYSTALS COULD CONVERT MECHANICAL STRAIN TO ELECTRICITY, THE CRYSTALS ARE FORMED NATURALLY E.G. QUARTZ, BONE, DNA …. AS WELL AS ARTIFICIALLY ZnO, Lithium Nibatet, Lead Metaniobate.

PROPERTIESPIEZOELECTRIC EFFECTWHEN THE CRYSTAL IS MECHANICALLY STRAINED (BY SOUND) OR WHEN IT IS DEFORMED BY THE APPLICATION OF AN EXTERNAL STRESS, ELECTRIC CHARGES APPEAR ON THE CRYSTALS SURFACES; AND WHEN THE DIRECTION OF THE STRAIN IS REVERSED, THE POLARITY OF THE ELECTRIC CHARGE IS REVERSED. THIS IS CALLED PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT.

+

-

+

-

+

-

0P

P P+

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

0P

P P-

+

-

+

-

-

INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECTINVERSELY, WHEN A PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL IS PLACED IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD, OR WHEN CHARGES ARE APPLIED BY EXTERNAL MEANS TO ITS FACES , THE CRYSTAL EXHIBITS STRAIN, I.E. ITS DIMENSIONS CHANGES. THEN THE DIRECTION OF THE APPLIED FIELD IS REVERSED, THE DIRECTION OF THE RESULTING STRAIN IS REVERSED. THIS IS INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT.

PIEZO ELECTRIC EFFECT INVERSE PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

• THIS DIRECT PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT PROPERTY OF A PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL COULD BE USED FOR MAKING THE DEVICE TO CONVERT SOUND ENERGY TO ELECTRIC ENERGY.

• PIEZO CONVERTER: A DEVICE COULD BE MADE USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL WHICH WILL COLLECT THE SOUND WAVE WHICH ARE TRAVELLING NEAR IT AND THAT SOUND WAVE WILL BE USED TO CAUSE A STRAIN DUE TO PRESSURE CREATED BY ITS OSCILLATION IN THE PIEZO CRYSTAL.

• THAT WILL CREATE THE DISTURBANCE IN ITS ATOMS RESULTING IN THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE ON THE SURFACE OF THE CRYSTAL THUS SOUND ENERGY COULD BE CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICITY AS THE PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL CONVERT MECHANICAL STRAIN TO ELECTRIC ENERGY.

• THUS THIS SOUND ENERGY COULD BE USED TO PERFORM VARIOUS TASKS BY CONVERTING IT INTO USEFUL ELECTRIC ENERGY.

IT’S SCOPE• IT COULD HELP US TO REDUCE THE SCARCITY OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

GLOBALLY AND HELP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANKIND AND

REDUCTION OF CO2 AS ELECTRIC ENERGY IS ONE OF THE CLEANEST

ENERGY.

• THE NOISE POLLUTION IN THE ROAD WOULD BE ABLE TO CONVERT INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY AND LIGHTS THE STREET LIGHTNING, SIGNALS AND VARIOUS OTHER ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES.

• THE NOISE POLLUTION IN RUNWAY COULD BE USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

• THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCE IN NUCLEAR POWER STATION COULD INCREASE AS THE SOUND PRODUCE DURING NUCLEAR FISSION ALSO COULD BE USED TO GET MORE ELECTRIC ENERGY

• THE NOISE POLLUTION IN INDUSTRIES COULD BE USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY AND WORK CERTAIN LOW VOLTAGE MACHINE.

• ITS SCOPE DOESN’T END…

CONCLUSION• AS SOUND HAS ENORMOUS AMOUNT ENERGY WITH IT, IT COULD BE USED BY

CONVERTING IT INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES.

• SOUND ENERGY COULD BE CONVERTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS:

METHOD 1-BY CREATING APPARATUS USING CURTAIN (DIAPHRAGM) MAGNET AND CONDUCTOR

METHODS 2-BY CONVERTING SOUND ENERGY>HEAT ENERGY AND THEN HEAT ENERGY>ELECTRIC ENERGY OR

METHOD 3-BY USING TRANSDUCERS SUCH AS PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL WHICH CONVERTS MECHANICAL STRAIN>ELECTRIC ENERGY AND VICE4 VERSA.

• PIEZO ELECTRIC CRYSTALS ARE THE CRYSTALS WHICH CONVERTS MECHANICAL STRAIN TO ELECTRIC ENERGY

• IN THIS ASPECT LOT OF RESEARCH IS TO BE DONE BUT ON A POSITIVE NOTE THIS COULD SURELY BE DONE WHICH COULD SOLVE THE ENERGY PROBLEM OF THE ENTIRE WORLD.

DEMERITS• LOTS OF WORK IS TO BE DONE IN THIS FIELD.

• ITS EFFICIENCY IS NOT THAT GOOD SO IMPROVEMENT IS BEING REQUIRED.

• IT IS BIT COSTLIER. AS WHOLE SETUP WOULD BE DONE.

• IT COULD NOT BE USED IN THE PLACES WHERE DECIBEL OF SOUND IS VERY LOW.

REFERENCES1. Piezo materials-(1.)Mael guennou- titzeff.2. Revathi G, Ingitham R” Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System in Mobiles with Keypad and Sound Vibrations” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 1 Issue 4, June – 20123. A course in electrical and electronics measurement and instrumentation – A.K.SAWHNEY DIAPHRAGM AND PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECTS.4. Introduction to measurements and instrumentation- A.K.GHOSH, PHI