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TRANSCRIPT
How the Italian Cement Industry
is approaching Sustainability
Forum of Institutes Ficem
Francesco Curcio
Sevilla, 12 October 2010
Ficem Forum of Institutes – Sevilla, 12 October 2010 2
Preamble
• Lot of work done in Cembureau since late ’90s
• Issue mainly developed by Northern European countries
and industries
• Delays and mistakes occurred in the Italian civil society,
which compromised the quick set-up of a positive common
feeling towards Sustainability
• Building sector in Italy remained to its historical maximum
for almost 10 years (until 2007)Our questions were:
Do we have to deal with Sustainability in concrete
for fashion or is it a need to preserve our
business for the future?
What is best for us: Leaders or Followers?
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My personal search of consciousness …
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Today we need 1,3 equivalent planets!
My personal search of consciousness …
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Extract from the “Global Footprint Network Annual Report 2008”
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In 1986 the Earth Overshoot Day was celebrated on December, 31
In 1995 the Earth Overshoot Day was celebrated on November, 21
“Celebration” of the Earth Overshoot Day
In 2009 the Earth Overshoot Day was celebrated on September, 25
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formal definition
The Ecological Footprint concept
It is the measure of how much humanity requires from
biosphere, in terms of biologically-productive
land and water, to provide itself with resources
used and to absorb all waste generated,
according to present technologies and behaviors.
The Footprint is therefore an area, expressed in global
hectares (hectares with a conventionally balanced
biological productivity).
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0
2
9
USA
Italy
WorldHaiti
Congo
Bangladesh
…….
Ecological footprint (global hectares per person)
Cina
India
Ecological footprint indicator (2005)
Mexico
Paraguay
Chile
Argentina
Brasil
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… at the same time ……
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Ecological footprint is a controversial indicator
Excessive simplification of reality: attention played mainly to:
Rural and pasture lands
forestry
fisheries
Conversion to urban land and infrastructure building
Antropic CO2 sequestration by natural means (trees and biomass)
One single figure to express the complexity of human impacts on natural systems (eg. the whole energetic issue is limited to the computation of land needed to absorb CO2 emitted by fossil fuels)
It is a stock measurement, static. No flow analysis, to assess resilience of ecosystems, which on the contrary have their intrinsic ability to absorb interferences and reset themselves.
May we use it as a reliable indicator of sustainability level to orientate political decisions? Or should we limit its use to educational dissemination scopes only?
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The message is however clear
We are in default. Already. Everybody.
No doubt that none of us allows himself to manage his own life, his personal and familiar budget, his company or organization with a similar insane attitude
There is no need to join fashionable ideologies or languages, to undersand that the problem is real and needs to be addressed globally with no exeptions
To be optimist, we will soon get a worldwide Policy, which will highlight the overall vision of the problem and consequently assess the new “rules of the game”
In any case, behaviors, life styles and products shall change. Soon.
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In our country, it is responsible for about:
half of water consumption
one third of landfilled waste
one fourth of raw materials used by the economic system
half of the accounted CO2 emissions
It remains essential for the economic growth and competitivenessdevelopment of the country.
Any product of building industry (infrastructures, residential housing,public buildings, power plants, industrial and commercial facilities, etc),indipendently from materials and technologies used, shall now bethought, designed, realised, used and evaluated having in mind itseffective capacity to contribute positively to social and economicdevelopment and drastically reduce its impact to biosphere.
Building industry is among the first sectors,
which should change
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… concrete has lot to offer …..
The best choise for thermal comfort
Concrete as a air barrier for high indoor air quality
Concrete’s strenght and structural stability
Naturally providing protection and safety against fire
Resistance to external extreme events
Built-in sound insulation and protection against vibration
Limited costs to repair and maintain
www.europeanconcrete.eu
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… and concrete industry in Italy can (should)
play its role
Like in many other Mediterranean countries, concrete is the most largely used building material
Energy Efficiency in Italy is the most powerful area of investment to reduce the impact of energy sources (from 3 to 5 times more effective than renewables)
Competition with other building materials is getting harder:bricks, timber and steel industries are modifying their approach to products and marketing, to better meet new needs of the consumers. Risk to loose market share!
Remaining still is a mistake not to make
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WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO?
WHAT SHOULD WE CONCENTRATE ON?
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The equation I = P x A x T
Published for the first time in 1971, in an article
by Ehrlich & Holdren in Science
I = Impact on environment of any human
group
“I” is the result of three factors:- P = number of people (population)
- A = avg. pro-capita consumption of resources
(turnout index)
- T = index of environmental harmfulness of the
technologies adopted to provide goods consumed
Exclusive
task of Policy
Primary task of the
Policy
(programming)
Primary task of the
production system
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Technological characteristics
of a “sustainable” intervention in building design
SOCIAL
ECONOMICENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABLE
FAIREVIDENT
ACHIEVABLE
Maintainability
Energy efficiency
Adaptability
RobustnessStructural integrity
Reliability
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Not 3, but 3+1 Pillars!!
Bruntland report: three
pillars to describe the
approach to sustainability
Governance is needed to
assure the three pillars
with appropriate
equilibrium
OK, but:
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Conceptual design = tool for Governance
fib bulletin N. 28 (2004)
“Environmental design”
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Optimization process oriented to satisfy the sustainability of a construction according with the following fundamental criterions (S.F.D.R.):
SAFETY;
FUNCTIONALITY
DURABILITY
ROBUSTNESS
Examples of options taken into account: Static scheme satisfying the 4 SFDR criterions
Materials chosen according to local availability
Technologies adopted according to local workers’ skills
Structural elements designed to minimize resources needed to face direct,indirect and environmental actions
Minimal maintenance needs to keep 4 SFDR criterions during service life
Easy access to recovery after accidental events
………………………..
The result is the designer’s freedom to choose according to hisknowledge and personal experience, in the framework of amulti design solution.
What is the Conceptual Design?
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Conceptual Design Approach (1/2)
Life cycle concept
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Conceptual Design Approach (2/2)
Environmental
impact
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A good example of correct CD application:Viadotto di Roccaprebalza A15 (Italy) by courtesy of Prof. G. Mancini
Three possible solutions:
Match cast system
and use of gantry
Cantilever construction with
match cast-in-situ segments
and mixed post-tensioning
(i/e)
Cantilever construction with
composite structure and
mixed post-tensioning (i/e)
SP1a
SP1b
P1 P2
P3P3
P4
P5
SP2
SP
1
P
1
P
2P
3
P
4 P
5
SP
2
4 x 120 m
Counterweightl = 30 m
1 x 71,4 m
1 x 42,6 m
Rmin = 400 m
Hpiers = 13,2 ÷ 82,1 m
gantry cost too high
Construction time too long
Quick mounting with use of
crane served to cast piles
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A good example of correct CD application:Viadotto di Roccaprebalza A15 (Italy) by courtesy of Prof. G. Mancini
Adopted solution
Cantilever construction with
composite structure and mixed
post-tensioning (internal/external)
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A good example of correct CD application:Viadotto di Roccaprebalza A15 (Italy) by courtesy of Prof. G. Mancini
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A good example of correct CD application:Viadotto di Roccaprebalza A15 (Italy) by courtesy of Prof. G. Mancini
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A good example of correct CD application:Viadotto di Roccaprebalza A15 (Italy) by courtesy of Prof. G. Mancini
Aspects related to sustainability
Durability No tensile strenghts in concrete
(frequent combination)
Economy Time reduction and no need of gantry
Environmental impact No areas dedicated to construction and
deposit of precast elements
Maintenance Easy inspection and control of external cables
Rehabilitation Substitution of external cables without limitation
to traffic
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Another good example of correct CD application:
Foundations of Banca Intesa Skyskraper (Torino)
Positioned in the middle of the town
> 11,000 m3 concrete
Decision taken:
Non-stop moulding Results:
84 hours to finish (against 2 months with conventional techniques)
1000 t steel for joint bars saved (over 1,7 M€)
Temperature development as calculated
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The role of certification
Increase the value of best
practices
Enhance consciousness in
the public
Different systems on the
market, nationally and
internationally
Similar, but minimal
standardization. Risk of
confusion
Be careful not to leave certifiers leading
the innovative process…..!
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Conclusion and lessons learnt:
Concrete is a material under continuous innovation
Concrete should be seen as a taylor-made product
Concrete is an “intelligent” product, thanks to its intrinsic capacity to satisfy performance requirements through its mix design’s continuous improvement
Designers should be continuously informed about concrete’s developments, in order to fully exploit its performances in the seek for sustainability
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION !