Sorption materials In water and wastewater

96/03466 Uncertainty In full fuel cycle costsHope, C. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 825-830.Studies of the full cycle costs of power generation can be complex andtime-consuming. Uncertainty is often neglected, as attention is directed atother aspects of the problem. The paper describes some techniques forhandling uncertainty, including sensitivity and probabilistic analysis.Results show the uncertainty in parts of the external costs for a coal-firedpower station, and the main influences are explored.

18 ENERGY CONVERSION ANDRECYCLING

96/03467 CO~ fixation by Chlorel/B sp. HA·1 and Its utilizationYanagi, M. et at., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun-Sep, 1995, 36, (6),713-716.The authors have been examining the photosyntheticCOl fixation technol­ogies using microalgae and solar energy as one of a counterplan of globalgreenhouse effect. Mass cultivationof microalgae using the stack gas fromfossil burning plants as a carbon source and utilization of microalgal bio­mass as a fodder for the livestock are prerequisite to achieve a conceptpresented previously.

96/03468 Energy conservation In greenhouses with burledpipesSantamouris, M. et al., Energy, May 1996, 21, (5), 353-360.The use of buried pipes reduces the energy consumption for heating ofagricultural greenhouses by increasing the air temperature and alsoimproves indoor conditions by reducing temperature fluctuations duringthe day. A parametric analysis has been performed for a typical glassgreenhouse to illustrate overall system performance. The greenhouse-airtemperature increases during the winter with increasing pipe length,decreasing pipe diameter, increasing depth up to 4 m, and decreasing airvelocity inside the pipes. Measured data from a 1000-m2 fibreglass green­house with four buried pipes are found to be in good agreement withcalculated values.

96/03469 Energy conservation in the Russian manufacturingIndustry. Potentials and obstaclesFromme, J. W. Energy Policy, Mar. 1996, 24, (3), 245-252.The in-depth energy efficiency study of a recentlyprivatized trailer plant inthe Urals shows substantial energy conservation potential. The restructur­ing of production can lead to 30% reduction in ener~y demand. In total,energy savings of 47% of current demand can be achieved. These savingscan be achieved by local means. Many of these measures are achieved atno cost or only low cost. A general lack of awareness stemming fromtraditional thinking and structures, compounded by a lack of financingpossibiliti~s constitut.e some of the most important obstacles for energyconservation in Russia.

96/03470 Erarlng power plant reuses sewage for feedwaterMPS, Modern Power Systems, Dec. 1995, 15, (12), 33, 35.

The article describes how the Pacific Power Corporation's 2640 MW Erar­ing Power Station in New South Wales, Australia, now uses water recov­ered from secondary sewage treatment to feed the demineraliser plant forthe high pressure boiler, and for other process water applications aroundthe plant. The project provides an example of the increasing interactionbetween electricity supply and water services utilities in many parts of theworld.

96/03471 Industrial energy conservationGottschalk,C. John Wiley & Sons, BoffinsLane, Chichester, WestSussex,P019 IUD, UK, £24.95, Feb. 1996, 112 pp.The need to conserveenergy, particularly in industry, is increasinglyfelt asenergy costs take up a substantial share in the overall expenses of anoperation. Energy costs need to be cut in order to remain competitive.Energy conservation is an excellent way to increase productivity and prof­its, and often requires only a small amount of capital outlay and minimaladjustments to existing facilities and procedures to achievesignificantben­efits. The book has three main sections: Energy conservation management;Economics and financial evaluation of energy projects; and Planning andimplementating energy conservation projects.

18 Energy conversion and recycling

96/03472 Occupant use of lighting controls - A review ofcurrent practice, problems and how to avoid themSlater,A. NationalCOllf Papers, Eastbourne, Oct. 1995, ClBSE, 1995 1204-209. ' ,The paper discusses the recent evidence that lighting controls in officebuildings are falling short of expectations. A study has been carried outwhich confirmed that the problem is in around two-thirds of the officesvisited.

96/03473 Pilot-scale high solids thermophilic anaerobicdigetion of municipal solid waste with an emphasis on nutrientrequirementsKay.hanian, M. and Rich, D. Biomass& Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (6), 433-444.A pilot study was conducted to assess the biodegradable organic fractionofmunicipal solid waste as a substrate in a high-solids anaerobic digestionprocess.

96/03474treatmentKazantsev, E. A. and Remez, V. P. Khim. Tekhnol. Vody, 1995, 17 (1)50·60. (In Russian) , ,Discusses the synthesis and application of sorption materials on differentcarriers: coals, zeolites, sand, wood and cellulose.

96/03475 Techno-economic analysis of fuel conversion andpower generation systems - The development of a portablechemical process simulator with capital cost and economic per­formance analysis capabilitiesWilliams, B. C. and McMullan J. T. Int.1. EnergyResearch, Feb. 1996,20, (2), 125-142.Th~ pap.er describes the develop~ent of ECLIPSE, ~ suite of programswntten 10 C for IBM PC compatible computers, which permits the fulltechnical and economic analysis of current and proposed fuel conversionand power generationsystems. A large advantage is the flexibilityof appr­oach which is possible and the degree of integration of the technical andeconomicaspectsof the problem.The package includesextensivechemicalproperties,utilities and capital costing databaseswhich can be modifiedbythe user.

96/03476 Thermal regeneration of an activated carbonexhausted with different substituted phenolsMoreno-Castilla, C. et al., Carbon, 1995,33, (10), 1417-1423.Activatedcarbons are widely used to remove organic pollutantsfrom waterbut, depending on their adsorption capacity, they become saturated aftersome time. If these activated carbons need to be reused as adsorbents, theytherefore have to be regenerated. One of the cheapest and most versatilemethods of regenerating activated carbons is by thermal treatment in agiven atmosphere. The aim of this paper is to gain more insight into thethermal desorption processes of phenols from activated carbons.

96/03477 Truckstop electrification: Reducing CO2 emissionsfrom mobile sources while they are stationaryVan Den Berg, A. J. Energy COllvers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6),879-884.The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the technical,economicand environmental- particularlyas they relate to CO2 reductions- aspects of truck stop electrification. It is also important to note that thereduction in emissions presented in this paper are based on the maximumtechnical potential, i.e., if all heavy duty trucks were to use the electrificia­tion package instead of idling while at truck stops.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 237