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The Business of Public Recreation Lessons from the Field, Opportunities and Challenges for Economic Sustainability

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Page 1: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

The Business of Public  Recreation

Lessons from the Field,

Opportunities and Challenges for

Economic Sustainability

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Our firm has conduced market and economic analysis in the recreation sector for many years, however, we have been increasingly hearing from governing boards and decision makers that public recreation sites need to be economic sustainable. As a result we have had to rethink how outdoor facilities work, apply different planning tools, and collaboration to address this mandate.
Page 2: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

The Business of Recreation

Doug NeilsonDeputy DirectorMarketing & Business Development DivisionDepartment of Parks and Recreation

Lisa O’DalyCalifornia Tahoe Conservancy Program Supervisor / Senior 

Environmental Planner

Steve NollRecreation Planning, Land Use 

Planning, Landscape Architecture 

Chuck Nozicka ConsultingTourism and Recreation PlanningSacramento, California

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Our firm has conduced market and economic analysis in the recreation sector for many years, however, we have been increasingly hearing from governing boards and decision makers that public recreation sites need to be economic sustainable. As a result we have had to rethink how outdoor facilities work, apply different planning tools, and collaboration to address this mandate.
Page 3: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Market and Economic Analysis For Recreation Sites

Chuck Nozicka  Consulting

Tourism and Recreation 

Planning

Sacramento, California

[email protected]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Our firm has conduced market and economic analysis in the recreation sector for many years, however, we have been increasingly hearing from governing boards and decision makers that public recreation sites need to be economic sustainable. As a result we have had to rethink how outdoor facilities work, apply different planning tools, and collaboration to address this mandate.
Page 4: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

The Business of Public Recreation Learning to walk like a Duck doesn’t make you a duck

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The business of public recreation, a misnomer. We suggest applying concepts and tools of business management understanding the primary wider public access purpose. How we can use business tools without being a business enterprise. We will discuss public and private approaches to economic sustainability.
Page 5: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Being an Economics Interpreter Non‐excludable goods vs Excludable goods

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Basic concepts to keep in mind. Excludable vs non-excludable goods. Excludable goods are generally private or fee based, not everyone gets access. Non-excludable goods allow everyone access. Public recreation generally fits in the non-excludable category – however both can exist on a site or unit depending on type – dispersed access trails use (non-excludable) versus reserved fee camping (excludable). Excludable goods generate revenue. Note: policy implication is that revenue strategies may exclude some users.
Page 6: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Public vs Business Planning Timeframes Alternative or intermediate public recreation site planning

• Traditional master planning 

time frames of 10 to 20 

years

• Business planning model 

annual or less

• Increasingly dynamic 

recreation markets

• Applying ongoing user and 

management feedback

• Evidence based policy  

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #1: Public vs business planning timeframes. Another concept to keep in mind. Current recreation planning model vs business planning model. 10-20 year planning timeline in a dynamic ever changing recreation environment vs the ongoing business feedback loop.
Page 7: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Balancing Revenue with Site Resources Working with Stakeholders

• Communicate with 

governing boards, the 

public, stakeholders, and 

managers

• What are the policy limits

• What the community 

desires vs what is off the 

table

• Identify market trends and 

use levels needed for 

economic sustainability

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #2: Balancing revenue with resource management. Opportunity: Communicating with the public and governing boards. Identifying policy limits and the limits of the community for site development. Identify what is off the table – narrow alternative uses. The first step in determining economic feasibility – sometime concurrent with economic projections.
Page 8: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Know the Market Establishing a use and market profile

• Existing use• Data is often limited• Research costs vary• Secondary research• Primary Research 

(surveys, counts, zip  codes, stakeholder 

interviews, etc.)• Comparable site 

information• Regular updates

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #3: Establishing a user market profile/baseline. Data. Visitation information (volume, origin, weekday weekend day is limited). Opportunity: Walk like a business – know your customer know the potential market. Apply what fits from a full range of research techniques to collect info (digital and analogue), reservation information, zip codes, user surveys, manager and staff interviews; secondary marketing information including but not limited to population forecasts, statewide and regional studies. These need to be regularly updated.
Page 9: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Recreation Site Due Diligence Establishing a budget baseline

• Sometimes not  available by site

• Maintenance by unit

• General costs  (insurance, vehicle fuel, 

etc.) 

• Comparable data

• Staff input

• More often is available

• Special uses• Entry fees• Concessions• Rentals• No‐fee uses• Comparable data

• Staff input

Cost Baseline Revenue Baseline

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #3: Establishing an economic cost baseline. Operations and maintenance information is often not collected by site but by unit or region or district wide. Data is often inconsistently gathered. Challenge #4: Establishing a revenue baseline. Usually easier but still represents same by site challenge. Opportunity for #3 and #4. Apply available information into a baseline Concept Pro Forma. Collaborative work with the client to workshop this information to clarify the current state. (Note items 6, 7 and 8 are often the hardest to do but most important part of this due diligence task).
Page 10: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Economic Break Even by Plan Alternatives The Concept Pro Forma

• Market growth, use projections, 

and market penetration analysis

• Market occupancy rates and fees

• Staff workshop

• Includes full balance sheet by 

scenario

• Applies fee and use levels

• Use volume and fees needed for 

breakeven

• Describes non‐excludable vs 

excludable 

• Usually increases use overall 

• Template easily updated by staff

SCENARIO #1 Units  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev 

  15%      22%    33%

12  55  $12.00    80  $12.00    120  $ 12.00   

24  55  $12.00    80  $12.00    120  $ 12.00   

35  55  $12.00    80  $12.00    120  $ 12.00  

SCENARIO #2 Units  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev 

15%  22%  33% 

12  55  $ 35.00    80  $35.00    120  $ 35.00   

24  55  $ 35.00    80  $35.00    120  $ 35.00   

35  55  $ 35.00  

80  $35.00  

120  $ 35.00  

SCENARIO #3 Units  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev 

25%  40%  60% 

6  91  $ 60.00    146  $60.00  

219  $ 60.00   

12  91  $ 60.00    146  $60.00    219  $ 60.00   

24  91  $ 60.00    146  $60.00    219  $ 60.00   

SCENARIO #4 PAOT  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev  Days/Yr.  Fee  Rev 

22%  40%  60% 

80  80.3  $ 50.00    146  $50.00    219  $50.00   

80  80.3  $ 60.00    146  $60.00    219  $60.00  

80  80.3  $ 75.00    146  $75.00  

219  $75.00  

         Profit            Break Even +/‐ $10k            Loss 

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #5: OK, so how do we determine best revenue opportunities? Opportunity: develop Concept Pro Forma for targeted uses or site alternatives. We recommend collaborative staff business planning workshops to refine projections and identify impacts. May include use levels, fee levels occupancy or use by percent of year etc.; and associated costs. Can also be adapted to show stakeholders the volume of use and fees needed to reach economic break. Increased revenues usually increased uses and more private uses. A tool that can be easily updated by staff.
Page 11: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Managing New Revenue Producing Uses Site planning, design, and management 

• Staff expertise

• Concessionaires

• Not‐for‐profit groups

• Mixing revenue and non‐

revenue uses in contracts 

and policy

• Adjusting for use and 

market trends

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 12: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Final Thoughts

Your Brain On Nature 

The Nature Principle

Last Child in the Woods

The Nature Cure: The Surprising Health 

Benefits of the Outdoors

Easing Brain fatigue with a Walk in the 

Park

In a Creative Slump? Talk a Walk

• Economic impacts

• Partnerships and 

sponsorships

• Marketing and public 

relations (Web sites, blogs, 

social media, apps)

• Moneyball for Government

• Intrinsic values of outdoor 

recreation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Final thoughts. Other issues we didn’t cover today but which can be very important to economic sustainability. Community economic impact – local expenditures that generate retail sales, employment, and tax revenue. Depending on applicability to the site not-for-profit partnerships and sponsorships may help offset costs. Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users and explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion of evidence based policy making or Moneyball for Government (Results for America) indicates that interim business planning is a valuable tool for management and for decision-makers and stakeholders. There is a down side to quantifying all outdoor recreation benefits – we can forget intrinsic values. But these benefits exist (and there many studies about them re: physical health, mental and emotional well-being, and natural learning).
Page 13: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Steve Noll, PrincipalRecreation Planning, Land Use 

Planning, Landscape 

Architecture 

Lake Tahoe, Nevada

[email protected]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 14: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Planning Issues

• Slow to Change• Public Perception – Non 

profit

• Challenge to balance  demand with 

preserving natural  environment

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 15: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Repurposing Issues

• Often driven by  accessibility 

requirements

• Potentially reduces  camping availability

• Impacts revenues for  Agencies and 

Concessionaires

• May not be  consistent with 

regulatory policy  

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 16: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Changing Demographics

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 17: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Changing Demographics

• Demand for family/  group sites

• Accessibility a main  issue 

• Ease of camping ‐

leave  the gear behind

• Youth back to nature• Portable “vices”• RV’s for all

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 18: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Design Considerations

• Know your Rules• Adjustment to current 

standards

• Engage your staff and  concessionaires in 

discussions

• Start small and test the  market

• Flexible Spaces‐

Events

• Picture to be added

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 19: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Planning for Now & the Future

• Walk the walk ‐

Being  green

• Wireless with rules

• Not‐for‐profit groups• Opportunity to engage 

in a greater level ‐ Volunteers

• Places to gather 

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Challenge #6 Managing new revenue producing use types. Opportunity: Working with Concessionaires. Lessons from talking to concessionaires
Page 20: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Small Agency Recreation Site  Operations

Lisa O’DalyCalifornia Tahoe Conservancy 

Program Supervisor / Senior 

Environmental Planner

[email protected]

Page 21: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Partnership Choices

• Public/Private

• Not‐for‐Profit

• Multiple Agencies

Page 22: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Responding to Change Over Time

• Contracts must  provide enough  FLEXIBILITY to 

adapt with user  demands and 

ASSURANCE to  create a 

desirable  environment 

for investment 

Page 23: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Happy Visitors 

Cherished Public Lands

Page 24: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS &  RECREATION

Doug NeilsonDeputy Director

Marketing & Business 

Development DivisionDepartment of Parks 

and RecreationDoug.neilson@parks.

ca.gov

Page 25: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Mission

• To provide for the 

health, inspiration and 

education of the 

people of California by 

helping to preserve the 

State’s extraordinary 

biological diversity, 

protecting its most 

valued natural and 

cultural resources, and 

creating opportunities 

for high‐quality 

outdoor recreation.

Page 26: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

150th

Anniversary of California State  Parks , 1864‐2014

Page 27: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Funding History

• General Fund in the past was 90% 

of State Parks funding 

• Currently represents  30%

• Severe cuts in State Parks System 

budget in the 60’s

• Park bond measures  ($2.5 billion) 

and rapid increase in land trusts 

significant growth in # of parks 

continued

• However, inadequate $$ for park 

future stewardship and 

management 

• Current status:  over $1.3 billion in 

deferred maintenance

Page 28: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Recent Strategies implemented

• New park operating  models 

• Match Fund  programs for parks 

on closure list• Revenue Generation 

program legislation 

Page 29: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Creation of        Marketing & Business Development Division 

(MBD)

• Reservations & Fees, Concessions and Visitor Services  

sections moved from Park Operations to MBD • Planning, Research & Support Section created from Planning 

Division to MBD. – Business Intelligence statewide integrated system– Product  research & development– Visitor analysis – Integration Management & financial analysis

• Marketing Section – Brand awareness– Revenue generation programs  – Social media 

Page 30: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Technology Modernization

• POS / Reservations  enhanced & 

integrated system        

• APM and Mobile  App

• Website  enhancement

Page 31: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Expand Partnerships & Alliances

• Operating Agreements

• Public / private  partnerships

• Partnerships with  tourism industry, non‐

profits and public  agencies

Page 32: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

New Markets and New Product  Development

• Underserved / urban  population / youth

• New product to  meet new demands, 

i.e.  technology,  cabins, events

Page 33: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Vision for The Future

• Decentralization• Concessions & Marketing in the field

• Business plans in the field• Per unit costing • District & Park Revenue Targets• Increase in partnership & alliances• Attracting today’s & tomorrow’s communities  

Page 34: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

Formula for Success

• Product & Services 

meeting demands + 

increased awareness + 

revenues = 

Sustainability  

Page 35: SORP The Business of Public Recreation · Marketing, media and public outreach – attracting users\ഠand explaining outdoor recreation benefits and issues. Increased discussion

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