sorage technologies

8/2/2019 Sorage Technologies

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STORAGE TECHNOLOGIESANDARCHITECTURE

Presented by:Sandeep Tonk

Tushar Srivastav

Anil Kumar

Abhinav Banerji

Pulkit Mohan


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System Architecture

Hardware

Device driver/kernel layer

Command layer

Operatingsystem

Application LayerUser

System

Software

Application

Software

Hardware


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Memory Classification

Hierarchy:

Cache

Primary memory (RAM)

Secondary storage(HARD DISK)

Volatility:

RAM

ROM

Technology:

Static RAM

Dynamic RAM


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BASICSOFSTORAGETECHNOLOGY

Disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile, random access digitalmagnetic data storage device.

It features rotating rigid

platters on a motor-drivenspindle within a protective

enclosure.

Data is magnetically read

from and written to the platterby read/write heads that float

on a film of air above theplatters.


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Roadmap for Storage Technology

IDE/ATA

SCSI

Fibre Channel

Network AttachedStorage

iSCSI

DAS FC SAN

NAS

iSCSI SAN


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DAS (Direct Attached Storage)

Server A Server BPopular DAS Standards

IDE/ATA

(Industry Drive Electronics / ATAttachment )

SCSI

(Small Computer SystemsInterface)

SATA(Serial AT Attachment)


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IDE/ATA

Most popular standard for PC drives

Drive electronics is integrated on the drive

media

Max. 2 ATA/IDE devices in Master , Slave modeover single channel.

Bus width : 16 bits

Max possible data transfer rate : 100 MB/s.


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Limitations of IDE/ATA

not suitable for data intensive applications

low data transfer rate

limited scalability

ideal for PC and low end servers


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SAN (Storage Area Network)

A

B

File SystemControl

Disk array

Fibre channel switch

Interface used is Fibre Channel(FC)

Maximum 16 million devices canbe connected

Distances up to 10km betweendevices

Data Transfer rates up to 2Gbps

Highly reliable


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Fibre Channel (FC)

Marriage of networking and storage architectures

High speed , serial interconnect standard

Provides bi-directional, point-to-point datachannel

Allows block level access of data

Has layered architecture similar to OSI model

Support for various topologies


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Limitations of SAN

Poor interoperability

High Cost Difficult to manage

Weak Security

Scalability is a concern in complexdeployments

FC is not a routable protocol


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NAS (Network Attached Storage)

Uses TCP/IP network for connecting to

storage

Provides file level access to the storage

Highly scalable especially inheterogeneous environment

Brings Ethernet economics to storage


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Architecture Differences


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iSAN :Enterprise Storage Future

iSAN : SANs built on iSCSI protocol

iSCSI (internet small computer systeminterface) is TCP/IP-based protocol for

establishing and managing connectionsbetween IP-based storage devices, hostsand clients

iSCSI is a block access protocol, allows

SCSI access over TCP/IP networks


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Advantages of IP Storage

Familiar Network technology and management

oReduces training costs

Increased reliability

Scalability over long distanceso Enables remote data replication and DR

Brings Ethernet economics to storage


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RAID Technology

RAID is Redundant Array of Independent/

InexpensiveDisks

Advantages of RAID:Increased Data Storage

Improved Data Protection

Enhanced Performance


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RAID Technology

Various RAID Levels

RAID 0 ( Striping)

RAID 1 (Mirroring)

RAID 10 / RAID 1+0 (Mirroring + Striping)

RAID 3 (Independent Striping plus parity)

RAID 5 (Independent Striping plus distributed parit


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RAID 0 (Striping)Drive 1 Drive 2

Block 1 Block 2Block 3 Block 4

Block 5Block 6

Block 7 Block 8

Increased storage capacity

Improved performance

No redundancy : not suitable for critical data

Min. no. of disks : 2


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RAID 1 (Mirroring)Drive 1 Drive 2

Block 1 Block 1Block 2 Block 2

Block 3Block 3

Block 4 Block 4

Increased redundancy

Improved read performance

Poor write performance

Min no. of disks : 2


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RAID 10 (Mirroring + Striping)

Drive 3

Block 1Block3

Block 5

Block 7

Increased redundancy

Improved read performance

Poor write performance


Block 2Block 4

Block6

Block 8

Drive 1

Block 1Block 3

Block 5

Block 7

Block 2

Block 4

Block 6

Block 8

Drive 2 Drive 4


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RAID 3 (Striping + Parity)

Increased redundancy through parity data

Improved read /write performance

Single point of failure is parity drive


Drive 2Drive 1

Bit1

Bit 3

Bit 5

Bit 2Bit4

Bit 6

Parity 1-2Parity 3-4

Parity 5-6

Parity Drive


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RAID 5 (Striping + Distributed

Parity)

Increased redundancy through distributed parity data

Improved read /write performance


Drive 1

Block 1Block 3

Parity 5-6

Block 7

Block 2Parity 3-4

Block 5

Block 8

Drive 2

Parity 1- 2Block 4

Block 6

Parity 7-8

Drive 3


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Q/A ?


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THANKYOU

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