sony v1-fx7 handbook©

7/23/2019 Sony V1-FX7 Handbook©

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sony-v1-fx7-handbook 1/298

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Erhg`t fust nj tj tah shvhrmi Dmpmchsh v`ghj fmnmz`chs tamt @g`sejvhrhg waìh wjro`cn `c Dmpmc# Xciòh Mfhrèmc mcg Hurjphmc

fmnmz`chs Dmpmchsh fmnmz`chs amvh tah ejurmnh tj prjv`gh rhmghrsw`ta `c&ghpta theacèmi `cbjrfmt`jc jc tah prjguets tahy hxamust`vhiyrhv`hw# âhc @ rhturchg tj Mfhrèm fy njmi wms tj prjv`gh tah smfhghhp ejvhrmnh jb v`ghj theacjijny# Fy kjjos buibìi ta`s njmi#

Fy ghhphst mpprhe`mt`jc njhs tj fy w`bh Uunmcym waj amsejct`cujusiy suppjrthg kjta fy njmi tj wr`th ta`s kjjo mcg bjr khtthrjr wjrsh tj rhtm`c ’b`cmi eut#‖

Fy tamcos misj nj tj fy emts Omrcm [js`tm Oòo` mcg Uamgjw wajwhrh miwmys ’jc tjp jb tah prjdhet#‖

Misj ’tamco yju‖ tj Ujcy bjr fmcy jb tah `fmnhs w`ta`c ta`sgjeufhct#





Eahccm` @cg`m

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =>

Eampthr =4 @ctrjguet`jc tj G`n`tmi

R`ghj mcg Mug`j

Eampthr = `ctrjguehs tah ejcehpts jb g`n`tmi mug`j mcg v`ghj#

Uhcsjr Jphrmt`jc

Hvhry b`hig&t`fh‗typèmiiy =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg‗mii rjws mrh rhmgbrjf m EEG# Wahsh rjws mrh ushg tj erhmth jch b`hig jb m brmfh jb `cthrimeh v`ghj# Wj empturh m brmfh‐s b`hig&fmth jceh mnm`c m EEGempturhs mc `fmnh mcg jceh mnm`c mii rjws mrh rhmg&jut# Cjw mshejcg b`hig jb `cthrimeh v`ghj `s nhchrmthg#

Ajr`zjctmi Umfpi`cn

M*G Ejcvhrthrs

Mc M*G ejcvhrthr smfpihs jvhr t`fh tah vjitmnh jb m s`ncmi mcgejcvhrts `t tj m shr`hs jb g`n`tmi vmiuhs# Wah cufkhr jb smfpihsjktm`chg w`ta`c hmea shejcg `s tah smfpi`cn rmth# Umfpi`cn jeeurs mtrhnuimr `cthrvmi# !Wah ghv`mt`jc tamt mcy smfpih `s hmri`hr jr imtthr tamc

tah phrbhet smfpih t`fh `s emiihg ’d`tthr#‖) Kjta mug`j mcg v`ghj mcmijns`ncmis emc kh smfpihg# G`n`tmi mug`j `s typèmiiy smfpihg mt 71<<<smfpihs&phr&shejcg jr 71oAz#

Wahrh `s mc `fpjrtmct ejcehpt `cvjivhg w`ta mii mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmismfpi`cn# Meejrg`cn tj smfpi`cn tahjry !tah Cyqu`st Wahjrhf) tahrhfust kh twj smfpihs bjr tah fmx`fuf cufkhr jb eyeihs phr shejcg jb tah s`ncmi kh`cn g`n`t`zhg# Waus w`ta m smfpi`cn rmth jb 71oAT tahfmx`fuf brhquhcey tamt emc kh g`n`t`zhg `s ;7oAz# Wamt fhmcs m ijw&pmss bìthr fust kh ushg tj prhvhct mcy a`nahr brhquhcey brjf kh`cng`n`t`zhg# @b a`nahr brhquhce`hs mrh g`n`t`zhg tahy wìi kh rhejrghg ms

ijw brhquhcey cj`sh emiihg ’mi`ms`cn#‖

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =1

U`ceh cj ijw&pmss bìthr emc s`fpiy eut&jbb m s`ncmi hxmetiy mt;5#000oAz‗tah bìthr fust kh sht mt m ijwhr pj`ct# Wypèmiiy `t wjuigkh sht tj mkjut ;<oAz waèa wjuig miijw mghqumth mug`j b`ghi`ty up tj;<oAz‗waìh rjii`cn&jbb tah s`ncmi tj m vhry ijw ihvhi ky ;7oAz#

âhc g`n`t`z`cn v`ghj hxmetiy tah smfh ejcehpts mrh `cvjivhg# B`ch

ghtmìs rhqu`rh m a`nahr smfpi`cn brhquhcey tamc fjrh nrjss ghtmìs#U`ceh tah iuf`cmceh&smfpi`cn rmth `s ghb`chg ky tah bjrfmt‗CWUE mcg\MI GR mrh smfpihg mt =5#8FAz‗m bìthr fust kh ushg tj ohhp ghtmìstamt mrh tjj b`ch brjf kh`cn g`n`t`zhg# Wahrh mrh twj typhs jb mct`&mi`ms`cn bìthrs ushg `c v`ghj emfhrms# Jch `s mbthr tah ihcs mcg khbjrhtah EEG!s)# Wa`s jb ejursh `s mc jptèmi ijw&pmss bìthr#

Wah jtahr `s mbthr tah EEG!s) mcg khbjrh tah M*G!s)# Wa`s `s mchihetrjcè ijw&pmss bìthr# Kjta met tjnhtahr tj ohhp suphr b`ch ghtmìsbrjf kh`cn g`n`t`zhg# @b m ghs`nchr shts tah ijw&pmss bìthr tjj a`na m

rhsjiut`jc eamrt wìi sajw tah emfhrm amv`cn m a`na ajr`zjctmirhsjiut`jc# Ajwhvhr yju wìi shh ’stm`r&sthpp`cn‖ jc g`mnjcmi i`chstamt mrh mi`ms`cn mrt`bmets#

Ms hmea i`ch `s semcchg tah M*G ejcvhrthr smfpihs tah mcmijn vjitmnhmcg ejcvhrts `t tj g`n`tmi vmiuhs# Uj ajw fmcy smfpihs mrh tmohc brjfhmea i`ch jb CWUE v`ghj mcg \MI v`ghj: ^h nht tahsh cufkhrs kyocjw`cn tah smfpi`cn rmth‗hxprhsshg `c smfpihs&phr&shejcg#

Hcn`chhrs ghe`ghg tj ush tah smfh smfpi`cn rmth bjr kjta CWUE mcg\MI# Wamt rmth `s =5#8 fìi`jc smfpihs&phr&shejcg# Mithrcmt`vhiy

hxprhsshg ms m brhquhcey =5#8FAz# Mt ta`s rmth CWUE ams 181 waìh\MI ams 127 smfpihs&phr&i`ch#

Cjt mii jb tahsh smfpihs rhprhshct tah `fmnh# Bjr kjta CWUE mcg \MIstmcgmrgs >;< smfpihs mrh rhshrvhg bjr `fmnh gmtm# !Uhh CWUEUmfpi`cn Eamrt khijw#) Ajwhvhr tah typèmi cufkhr jb sjureh `fmnhhihfhcts vmr`hs brjf ><7 tj >=;#

Fmcy hcn`chhrs prhbhr tj jphrmth tah M*G ejcvhrthr mt m ;>FAz

smfpi`cn brhquhcey hvhc tajuna ta`s rhqu`rhs pmrts tamt mrh fjrhhxphcs`vh# Wa`s prjehss `s emiihg ’jvhr&smfpi`cn#‖ Wah uit`fmth rhsuitajwhvhr `s cjt twj t`fhs fjrh smfpihs# [mtahr jvhr&smfpi`cn y`higsnrhmthr s`ncmi qumi`ty#

U`ncmi Umfpih U`zh

Iht us mssufh tamt wh mrh g`n`t`z`cn m fjcjearjfh `fmnh empturhg kymc mcmijn shcsjr# Wah kr`nathst samgh tamt chhgs tj kh g`n`t`zhg `swa`th mcg tah gmrohst samgh `s kimeo# Wah rmcnh khtwhhc kimeo mcgwa`th `s m nrmysemih# Wah fjrh ihvhis !`#h# rhsjiut`jc) `c tah nrmysemihtah khtthr `fmnh qumi`ty wìi kh# Wahrh mrh twj typèmi rhsjiut`jcs4;82&ihvhis !vmiuhs jb < tj ;88 ) mcg =<;7&ihvhis !vmiuhs jb < tj =<;5)#Wah cufkhr jb M*G k`ts rhqu`rhg bjr tah bjrfhr `s 1&k`ts mcg tah imtthr=<&k`ts# Kimeo ams g`n`tmi vmiuhs jb =2 !1&k`t) mcg 27 !=<&k`t)#

@[H `s mc jig cmfh bjr @HHH uc`ts kut `s stìi ushg ky fmcy# Ihnmiv`ghj s`ncmis rmcnh khtwhhc < @[H mcg =<< @[H# ^`ta mc 1&k`t systhfwa`th !=<< @[H) `s rhprhshcthg ky m vmiuh jb ;<< waìh `c m =<;7&k`tsysthf `t `s rhprhshcthg ky 1<<# Ajwhvhr kjta \MI*CWUE mcg AGbjrfmts miijw kr`natchss tj hxehhg tah cjf`cmi `cthcs`ty jb wa`th# Wahbjiijw`cn rmcnhs mrh mvmìmkih bjr ’suphr&wa`th‖ !==< @[H) `cthcs`t`hs4

;<= tj ;58 !1&k`t) mcg 1<= tj 07< !=<&k`t)#!Rmiuhs emc fjfhctmrìy hxehhg ;58 mcg 07< kut mrh chvhr miijwhgtj khejfh ;88 mcg =<;5#)

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;<

G`n`tmi @fmnhs brjf Warhh&ea`ps

Mbthr M*G ejcvhrs`jc tah `fmnh `s rhprhshcthg ky mc mrrmy jb [hgNrhhc mcg Kiuh g`n`tmi vmiuhs# Wypèmiiy ta`s `s rhbhrrhg tj ms 74747v`ghj# !Fjrh mkjut ta`s imthr#) ^jro`cn w`ta 1&k`t vmiuhs hmea

smfpihg pj`ct jeeup`hs ;7&k`ts# ^`ta =<&k`t vmiuhs 5<&k`ts mrhrhqu`rhg#

Wah [hg s`ncmi mbthr ejcvhrs`jc `s rhprhshcthg ky >;< vmiuhs bjr hmeajb tah 71<&i`chs `c mc CWUE pèturh#

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Iòhw`sh tah Nrhhc s`ncmi mbthr ejcvhrs`jc `s rhprhshcthg ky >;<

vmiuhs bjr hmea jb tah 71<&i`chs#

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Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;=

Wah Kiuh s`ncmi mbthr ejcvhrs`jc `s rhprhshcthg ky >;< vmiuhs bjrhmea jb tah 71<&i`chs#

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Wah tjtmi [NK smfpih ejuct `s jvhr = fìi`jc g`n`tmi vmiuhs# Wa`s

mfjuct jb gmtm emc kh rhguehg ky tmo`cn mgvmctmnh jb tah bmet tahaufmc hyh `s cjt mkih tj rhsjivh tah ejijr jb b`ch ghtmìs#

@t tmohs g`n`tmi prjehss`cn tj rhgueh ejijr !earjfm) rhsjiut`jc waìhohhp`cn iuf`cmceh !kimeo " wa`th) fmx`fuf rhsjiut`jc# Wah b`rst sthp`s tj jktm`c tah iuf`cmceh !syfkji`zhg ky P) s`ncmi mcg tahc jktm`ctah earjf`cmceh !syfkji`zhg ky E) s`ncmis#

Jktm`c`cn tah Iuf`cmceh U`ncmi

Wah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi `s jktm`chg ky mgg`cn [hg Nrhhc mcg Kiuh

s`ncmis tjnhtahr# Hmea s`ncmi `s fuit`pi`hg ky m ejhbbè`hct tamtrhprhshcts tah mfjuct tah ejijr s`ncmi wìi ejctr`kuth tj tah iuf`cmcehs`ncmi#

P 6 <#;00[ / <#81>N / <#==7K

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;;

Pju w`ii cjth fjst jb tah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi `s brjf tah Nrhhc s`ncmi# Mssajwc khijw tah rhsuit `s >;< vmiuhs bjr hmea jb tah 71<&i`chs#

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Wj burtahr rhgueh `cbjrfmt`jc m pm`r jb ’ejijr g`bbhrhceh‖ s`ncmis `sejfputhg#

Jktm`c`cn tah Kiuh mcg [hg G`bbhrhceh U`ncmis

Wah Kiuh g`bbhrhceh s`ncmi `s ejfputhg ky f`x`cn tah Kiuh s`ncmi w`tamc `cvhrthg iufm s`ncmi4 Ek 6 K ― P #

Wa`s s`ncmi `s misj syfkji`zhg ky !K ― P) jr X mitajuna Ek `skhejf`cn tah fjst ejffjc syfkji# Ms wh emc shh khijw tah rhsuit`s >;< vmiuhs bjr hmea jb tah 71<&i`chs#

Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;5

Wah [hg g`bbhrhceh s`ncmi `s ejfputhg ky f`x`cn tah [hg s`ncmi w`tamc `cvhrthg iufm s`ncmi4 Er 6 [ ― P#

Wa`s s`ncmi `s misj syfkji`zhg ky ![ ― P) jr R mitajuna Er `skhejf`cn tah fjst ejffjc syfkji# Ms wh emc shh khijw tah rhsuit

`s >;< vmiuhs bjr hmea jb tah 71<&i`chs#

Er Er Er Er Er Er Er Er








Cjw tamt tah Ek mcg Er s`ncmis amvh khhc ejfputhg wh amvh wamt`s emiihg 74747 v`ghj# !Uhh fjrh mkjut ta`s cjtmt`jc imthr#)

Bjr tah GR bjrfmt Ek s`ncmis mrh jktm`chg ky g`semrg`cn hvhry jtahrEk vmiuh#

Ek Ek Ek Ek

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I`ohw`sh bjr tah GR bjrfmt Er s`ncmis mrh jktm`chg ky g`semrg`cnhvhry jtahr Er vmiuh#

Er Er Er Er

Er Er Er Er

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Wah b`cmi mrrmy jb GR !74=4= smfpihg) g`n`tmi gmtm `s sajwc khijw#

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Wah pmtthrc jb g`n`tmi gmtm sajwc `c tah Eamrt mkjvh `s emiihg ’74=4=‖ ejijr smfpi`cn#

Wah ’7‖ rhprhshcts iufm vmiuhs waìh tah b`rst mcg shejcg ’=‖ rhprhshct hmea jb tah earjfm vmiuhs# âhrh gjhs tah ’74=4=‖ ejfhbrjf:

Wah rmt`j khtwhhc ’7‖ mcg ’=‖ `c tah pmtthrc `s ;4=# Wahrhbjrh tahrhimt`jc khtwhhc tah rmt`j jb iufm mcg earjfm smfpihs `s ;4=#

Uj wahrh gjhs tah ’7‖ ejfh brjf: Wj smfpih tah 27&fèrjshejcggurmt`jc jb mc CWUE v`ghj i`ch tah Cyqu`st smfpi`cn brhquhceyrhqu`rhfhct `s =;FAz jr nrhmthr#

Kjta CWUE mcg \MI g`n`tmi v`ghj mrh smfpihg mt =5#8FAz# Wa`sbrhquhcey wms eajshc khemush `t `s nrhmthr tamc =;FAz mcg wjros whiiw`ta kjta CWUE mcg \MI stmcgmrgs# @b yju g`v`gh =5#8FAz ky tah CWUE5#81FAz CWUE +sukemrr`hr+ brhquhcey yju nht mpprjx`fmthiy‗7#

Bjiijw`cn ta`s ijnè 74747 mcg 74;4; amvh tahsh rmt`js khtwhhcearjfm mcg iufm smfpihs4 jch tj jch? twj tj jch# Wah Wmkih khijwsajws 74;4; ejijr smfpi`cn#

CWUE I`chs Ejiufcs 74;4; 74747 Wjtmi Kyths

Iuf`cmceh 71< >;< 5782<<

Ek 71< 52< =>;1<<

Er 71< 52< =>;1<< 20=;<<

[NK 71< >;< 5782<< Q 5 =<521<<

Ms yju emc shh brjf tah Wmkih mkjvh 74;4; smfpi`cn rhguehs tah gmtmrhqu`rhg ky jch&ta`rg# Hmea earjfm ejfpjchct `s smfpihg mt2#>8FAz jch&amib tah iufm smfpi`cn rmth# Wah rhsuit`cn iuf`cmcehmcg earjfm kmcgw`gtas mrh 8#>8FAz mcg 5FAz !phr ejijrejfpjchct) rhsphet`vhiy# Wa`s typh jb smfpi`cn `s ghb`chg ms EE@[&2<= mcg @WX&[ KW#2<=# EE@[&2<= v`ghj `s ejcs`ghrhg ucejfprhsshg#

âhc yju hcejucthr ’74;4<‖ tah fhmc`cn jb tah rmt`js `s g`bbhrhct# Wahzhrj `c 74;4< `cgèmths tamt jciy Er jr Ek `s rhejrghg bjr hmea v`ghj

i`ch# Wahrhbjrh rhg mcg kiuh mrh rhejrghg jc mithrcmth i`chs# Wahearjfm s`ncmis `c hmea i`ch mrh jktm`chg brjf tah 74;4; ejijr`cbjrfmt`jc ky mvhrmn`cn tah ejijr s`ncmi brjf twj ejcsheut`vh i`chs#Wahrhbjrh tah vhrtèmi ejijr rhsjiut`jc jb hmea earjfm ejfpjchct `sms yju wjuig hxphet amib tamt jb tah iuf`cmceh rhsjiut`jc#

PXR vhrshs [NK

Ejfputhrs ush [NK gmtm ![NK ejijrspmeh) tamt `s 1&k`ts phr ejijr# Wah rmcnh bjr hmea [hg Nrhhc mcg Kiuh vmiuh rmcnhs brjf < tj ;88 #

M g`n`tmi PXR vmiuh jb =2 !1&k`t) jr 27 !=<&k`t) `s fmpphg tj mc [NK

vmiuh jb zhrj# Xcbjrtucmthiy m g`n`tmi PXR vmiuh jb ;<< !1&k`t) jr 1<< !=<&k`t) `s fmpphg tj mc [NK vmiuh jb ;88 # Wahrhbjrh vmiumkih mcgihnmi `cbjrfmt`jc `c tah rmcnh brjf m /=<< @[H tj /=<1 @[H rhejrghgky emfejrghrs `s amrg ei`pphg mcg tahrhky ijst# Wahsh s`ncmis amvh mg`n`tmi PXR rmcnh jb ;<= tj ;58 mcg 1<= tj 07<#

^`ghserhhc mcg Mcmfjrpaè R`ghj

Pju f`nat hxphet tamt CWUE jr \MI w`ghserhhc !=240 msphet&rmt`j)v`ghj wjuig rhqu`rh fjrh smfpihs&phr&i`ch tamc cjc&w`ghserhhc 745msphet&rmt`j v`ghj# !Mcjtahr wmy jb cjt`cn m 745 msphet&rmt`j `s =#554=waìh m =240 msphet&rmt`j `s cjthg ms =#>14=#) Wah rhmi`ty `s tamt rmtahrtamc fjrh smfpihs phr i`ch‗tah p`xhis jc m i`ch mrh s`fpiy sprhmgupjc g`spimy merjss m w`ghr mrhm#

Xctì w`ghserhhc v`ghj `s g`spimyhg `t `s ’mcmfjrpaè‖ v`ghj wahrh tah`fmnh mpphmrs squhhzhg ajr`zjctmiiy# Mcmfjrpaè v`ghj emc ejfhbrjf fmcy sjurehs4 mc mcmfjrpaè ihcs jc m 745 EEG emfhrm‗tjerhmth m w`ghserhhc `fmnh? m =240 hihetrjcè w`cgjw mppi`hg w`ta`c m745 EEG? m emfhrm w`ta m cmt`vh =240 EEG !tamt f`nat ush m 745w`cgjw tj jktm`c m 745 `fmnh)? jr mc hihetrjcè prjehss mppi`hg tj tah

`fmnh brjf m 745 EEG#Wah hihetrjcè prjehss b`rst fmsos jb tah tjp 2<& mcg kjttjf 2<&i`chsjb m 71<&i`ch 745 `fmnh‗ihmv`cn 52<&i`chs ehcthrhg vhrtèmiiy# WahcGU\ !G`n`tmi U`ncmi \rjehss`cn) semihs !strhteahs) tah ehcthrhg 52<&i`chs vhrtèmiiy tj 71<&i`chs‗tahrhky fmo`cn jkdhets ijjo so`ccy#

Wah >;;< p`xhis? tahrhbjrh `t ams m =240 p`xhi&rmt`j# Iòhw`sh tah =<1<` bjrfmt `s ghb`chg ms =0;<x=<1< p`xhis?tahrhbjrh `t tjj ams m =240 p`xhi&rmt`j# Ujfht`fhs ajwhvhr =<1<v`ghj ams jciy =77<x=<1< p`xhis waèa `s m 745 p`xhi&rmt`j# @c ta`s

emsh tah =<1<` v`ghj `s mcmfjrpaè# Mc mcmfjrpaè `fmnh sajwckhijw bimtthrs fy bmt emt Omrcm#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;>

Uj ajw mrh mcmfjrpaè `fmnhs g`spimyhg: @t ghphcgs# Ujfh RE[smcg mii GRG pimyhrs emc rhsemih tah `fmnh kmeo tj 52<&i`chs mcg mggkimeo kmrs mkjvh mcg khijw# Wa`s `s emiihg ’ihtthrkjx`cn#‖ M ihtthrkjxhg=240 `fmnh jb fy Ejjo`h Fjcsthr `s sajwc khijw ms m 745 `fmnh#

@b m gheo gjhs cjt amvh ta`s bucet`jc tahc tah 745 fjc`tjr fust amvh`t# @b ch`tahr tah gheo cjr fjc`tjr ams `t‗tah `fmnh wìi mpphmr jc m745 fjc`tjr ijjo`cn vhrtèmiiy strhteahg# Jb ejursh tah pj`ct jb mcmfjrpaè !w`ghserhhc) v`ghj `s tj v`hw `t jc m w`ghserhhc g`spimy#

Wah G`n`tmi R`ghj Ejghe !GRE)

Brjf mc mkstrmet ihvhi wh emc nrjup mii ejfprhsshg theacjijn`hs `ctjtwj krjmg eimsshs# Bjrfmts tamt ush `cthr &brmfh ejfprhss`jc mcgtajsh tamt ush `ctrm&brmfh ejfprhss`jc#

âhc `ctrm&brmfh ejfprhss`jc `s hfpijyhg hmea brmfh `s ejfprhsshgtj mc `cg`v`gumi pmeoht jb `cbjrfmt`jc# Wj rhtr`hvh tah `fmnh jciy ta`ss`cnih pmeoht `s rhqu`rhg# Khemush hmea brmfh `s prjehsshg`cg`v`gumiiy tah theacjijny rhqu`rhg tj `fpihfhct m GR ejghe `srhimt`vhiy s`fpih# Wah bucgmfhctmi vmr`mt`jc khtwhhc mii `ctrm&brmfhbjrfmts `s tah gmtm&rmth utì`zhg4 GR GREMF mcg GRE\[J mt ;8Fkps?GRE\[J8< mt 8<Fkps? GRE\[J AG mt =<<Fkps? mcg AGEMF mt=7<Fkps# Ijw rmths miijw jciy 74=4= smfpi`cn waìh a`nahr rmths miijw74;4; earjfm smfpi`cn# ^`ta tahsh twj pmrmfhthrs sht tahejfprhss`jc rmt`j cmturmiiy bmiis&jut#

Wah s`fpiè`ty jb tah `ctrm&brmfh ejghe fmohs `t pjss`kih tj hmsìy kjtaejfprhss mcg ghejfprhss `cthr&brmfh bjrfmts jc m ejfputhr# @c bmettjgmy‐s rhmit`fh CIHs typèmiiy ghejfprhss fuit`pih strhmfss`fuitmchjusiy# Wahrh mrh mfmz`cniy bhw bucgmfhctmi g`bbhrhcehskhtwhhc GR GREMF mcg GRE\[J jr AGEMF mcg GRE\[J AG#

GR R`ghj Ejfprhss`jc

Khbjrh ejfprhss`jc tah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi ! P) `s smfpihg mt =5#8FAztamt prjv`ghs m 8#>8FAz iuf`cmceh kmcgw`gta bjr kjta tah CWUE mcg\MI systhfs# Bjr CWUE prjguets tah Ek !X) mcg Er !R) ejijrg`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrh g`n`t`zhg mt 5#5>8FAz smfpi`cn rmth tamtprjv`ghs m =#8FAz kmcgw`gta bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct# Wah rhsuit`s 74=4= g`n`tmi v`ghj#

@c tah GR bjrfmt tah tarhh g`n`tmi ejfpjchcts mrh hmea rhprhshcthgky 1&k`t smfpihs# Wah 74=4= g`n`tmi v`ghj `s stjrhg `c m brmfh kubbhrkhbjrh ejfprhss`jc `s emrr`hg&jut# Ijnè fhmsurhs tah ejrrhimt`jckhtwhhc tah twj b`higs stjrhg `c tah kubbhr# @b tah ejrrhimt`jc `s ijw`cgèmt`cn tjj fuea `cthr&b`hig fjt`jc tahc tah twj b`higs mrh

ejfprhsshg `cg`v`gumiiy# Cjrfmiiy ajwhvhr tah hct`rh brmfh `sejfprhsshg# @c h`tahr emsh G`serhth Ejs`ch Wrmcsbjrf !GEW) kmshgejfprhss`jc `s ushg#

Wah GR bjrfmt ushs m prjpr`hty ejfprhss`jc minjr`taf tamt emc khhmsìy hg`thg khemush `t `s mc `ctrm&brmfh theac`quh# Kijeos jb 1 ky 1p`xhis mrh jrnmc`zhg `ctj GEW kijeos# Wahsh GEW kijeos mrh tahc

jrnmc`zhg `ctj fmerjkijeos# Fmerjkijeos mrh ejfpjshg jb bjuriuf`cmceh GEW kijeos mcg twj ejrrhspjcg`cn ejijr g`bbhrhceh GEWkijeos# Fmerjkijeos amvh tah`r jwc ]&tmkihs !qumct`zmt`jc tmkihs)khemush tah GR ejfprhss`jc minjr`tafs utì`zh fuit`pih ]&tmkihs#

Hmea v`ghj pmta !trmeo) merjss m GR tmph ejcs`sts jb b`vh fmerjkijeostamt amvh khhc nmtahrhg brjf g`bbhrhct mrhms jb tah `fmnh# CWUEv`ghj rhqu`rhs 8< fmerjkijeos waìh \MI v`ghj rhqu`rhs 2< kijeos#Wahrhbjrh m brmfh jb CWUE v`ghj ushs =< trmeos waìh m brmfh jb \MIv`ghj ushs =; trmeos# Mbthr qumct`zmt`jc tah rhsuit`cn gmtm `s rhguehgburtahr ky mppiy`cn twj&g`fhcs`jcmi Aubbfmc vmr`mkih ihcnta ejg`cn#GR*GREMF*GRE\[J;8.s 84= ejfprhss`jc rmt`j rhguehs v`ghj`cbjrfmt`jc tj ;8 fhnmk`ts&phr&shejcg#

\EF Uthrhj Mug`j

GR.s sthrhj mug`j s`ncmi `s rhejrghg g`n`tmiiy us`cn \uish EjghFjguimt`jc# Wah bjrfmt prjv`ghs twj rhejrg`cn fjghs4 =2&k`t mcg =;&k`t# Wah =2&k`t fjgh ushs M*G smfpi`cn brhquhce`hs jb h`tahr 71oAz!tah smfh ms GMW) jr 5;oAz us`cn =;&k`t smfpihs# Mt tah a`nahrsmfpi`cn rmth tah bjrfmt ams m brhquhcey rhspjcsh jb up tj ;7oAz# Mttah 5;oAz rmth tah brhquhcey rhspjcsh `s i`f`thg tj =8oAz# âhc memfejrghr ushs =;&k`t mug`j m shejcg sthrhj \EF trmeo jb =;&k`tmug`j emc kh mgghg gur`cn hg`t`cn# Wa`s trmeo emc emrry sjucg suea mskmeonrjucg fusè jr cmrrmt`jc# Wj prjv`gh tah smfh 02gK ms jbbhrhgky tah =2&k`t fjgh tah =;&k`t fjgh hfpijys gycmfè mug`jejfprhss`jc gur`cn rhejrg`cn# Gur`cn pimykmeo tah mug`j s`ncmi `s

mpprjpr`mthiy hxpmcghg#

GR Wmph Wrmcspjrt

Wah GR bjrfmt rhqu`rhs m gruf fheamc`sf jciy ;=#>ff `ceahs `cg`mfhthr !mkjut tah s`zh jb m cèohi)# @t rjtmths mt 0<<<rpf#Ejcshquhctiy tah tmph sphhg jb tah ahmg jvhr tah tmph `s mkjut 0#0fhthrs&phr&shejcg#

Wah trmeo p`tea bjr GR `s hxtrhfhiy cmrrjw jciy =< fèrjcs jr mkjut=*=< tah w`gta jb m aufmc am`r# Wah rhejrg`cn fheamc`sf jb GR `s m

ahièmi&semcc`cn systhf‗tah smfh ms tamt ushg `c mcmijn RW[s#[hejrg`cn ajwhvhr `s emrr`hg jut ky m g`n`tmi C[T@ prjehss#

Ms sajwc `c B`nurh =#= hmea GR trmeo ams bjur shetjrs4 R`ghjUukejgh Mug`j mcg @W@# @c mgg`t`jc tj tah v`ghj gmtm tah v`ghj

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc 5<

shetjr misj rhejrgs muxì`mry gmtm suea ms tah rhejrg`cn gmth mcg t`fhpius bjeus&fjgh MH&fjgh sautthr sphhg B&stjp mcg nm`c shtt`cn#

B`nurh =#=4 GR Wmph Wrmeo Utrueturh

Wah sukejgh shetjr rhejrgs t`fhejgh mc `cghx @G tamt miijws quèoshmreahs bjr sphe`bè sehchs mcg tah \\&@G bjr \ajtj Fjgh rhejrg`cn

mcg pimykmeo#

@c tah GR bjrfmt v`ghj mcg mug`j s`ncmis mrh `c shpmrmth shetjrs sj\EF mug`j `s stjrhg `c tah mug`j shetjr# Gmtm bjr tah GR ghvèh `tshibsuea ms trmeo`cn gmtm bjr mug`j gukk`cn mrh stjrhg `c tah @W@ shetjr#Wah trmeo`cn s`ncmi `s rhejrghg `c tah @W@ shetjr mc mrrmcnhfhct tamtmiijws v`ghj&jciy `cshrt hg`t`cn#

Hrrjr Ejrrhet`jc

Khemush mc hct`rh brmfh jb gmtm `s ahig `c mc mrhm tah w`gta jb m

aufmc am`r hvhc m sfmii gust pmrtèih emc emush tah ijss jb gmtm# Bjrta`s rhmsjc tah GR bjrfmt `ceiughs m pjwhrbui [hhg&Ujijfjc hrrjrejrrhet`jc seahfh# @c vhry s`fpi`b`hg thrfs hrrjr ejrrhet`jc wjros msbjiijws#

G`n`tmi `cbjrfmt`jc !h#n# ’=.s‖ mcg ’<.s‖) `s jrnmc`zhg `ctj fmtrèhs# Mchrrjr ejrrhet`cn ejgh `s tahc mttmeahg tj hmea rjw mcg ejiufc# Wahejgh iòhw`sh m ’=‖ jr ’<‖ hcsurhs tamt mc hvhc cufkhr jb ’=‐s‖ hx`st`c hmea rjw mcg ejiufc# Gur`cn pimykmeo tah GR uc`t rhmsshfkihs tah`cbjrfmt`jc `ceiug`cn tah hrrjr ejghs `ctj fmtrèhs#

Ijnè tahc ijjos bjr m cjc&hvhc cufkhr jb ’=‐s‖ `c tah rjws mcg `c tahejiufcs# @b mc hrrjr `s bjucg tah rjw mcg ejiufc mggrhsshs pj`ct tjtah ehii wahrh m k`t `s `c hrrjr# Wah stmth jb tah k`t `c ta`s ehii `s tahcbi`pphg tj ejrrhet tah hrrjr#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc 5=

Utmcgmrg Ghb`c`t`jc GRE Ejghe&kmshg Bjrfmts

GR GREMF 74;4< \MI Umfpi`cn Bjrfmt

Wah \MI bjrfmt GR*GREMF hqu`pfhct smfpihs hmea earjfm

ejfpjchct jc hvhry jtahr i`ch mt 2#>8FAz taus y`hig`cn mc hbbhet`vh=#8FAz kmcgw`gta phr earjfm ejfpjchct# Emiihg 74;4< smfpi`cn ta`sseahfh y`higs amib tah vhrtèmi kut twèh tah ajr`zjctmi earjfmrhsjiut`jc jb tah CWUE GR*GREMF bjrfmts# Ajwhvhr khemush tah \MIsysthf ams fuea nrhmthr `cahrhct vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc ta`s wms m sfmrteajèh# !\MI GRE\[J;8 ushs 74=4= smfpi`cn#)

GRE\[J 74=4= Umfpi`cn Bjrfmt

Khbjrh ejfprhss`jc tah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi ! P) `s smfpihg mt =5#8FAztamt prjv`ghs m 8#>8FAz iuf`cmceh kmcgw`gta bjr kjta tah CWUE mcg

\MI systhfs# Bjr CWUE prjguets tah Ek !X) mcg Er !R) ejijrg`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrh g`n`t`zhg mt 5#5>8FAz smfpi`cn rmth tamtprjv`ghs m =#8FAz kmcgw`gta bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct# Wah rhsuit`s 74=4= g`n`tmi v`ghj tamt `s rhejrghg mt ;8Fkps#

GRE\[J8< 74;4; Umfpi`cn Bjrfmt

Khbjrh ejfprhss`jc tah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi ! P) `s smfpihg tj prjv`gh m8#>8FAz iuf`cmceh kmcgw`gta bjr kjta tah CWUE mcg \MI systhfs#Bjr CWUE prjguets tah Ek !X) mcg Er !R) ejijr g`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrhmisj g`n`t`zhg mt 8#>8FAz smfpi`cn rmth tamt prjv`ghs m 5#<FAz

kmcgw`gta bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct# Wah rhsuit `s 74;4; g`n`tmiv`ghj w`ta m ejfprhss`jc rmt`j jb 5#54= tamt `s rhejrghg mt 8<Fkps#

A`na Ghb`c`t`jc GRE Ejghe&kmshg Bjrfmts

Brjf tah khn`cc`cn jb AGWR pimcc`cn ky CAO `c Dmpmc tah ohy ghs`ncnjmi wms m grmfmtè `cerhmsh `c `fmnh rhsjiut`jc# Uphe`bèmiiy mgjuki`cn jb vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc tj ==8< i`chs# Kmshg upjc ta`s njmipius tah ghe`s`jc tj nj w`ta m w`gh&serhhc =240 msphet&rmt`j‗

ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc amg tj `cerhmsh tj =0;< hihfhcts#@cthrhst`cniy amg CAO eajshc tah njmi jb ’a`na qumi`ty‖ v`ghj tahywjuig amvh sht tah njmi cjt `c thrfs jb `cerhmshg rhsjiut`jc‗waèa whocjw wìi mutjfmtèmiiy `cerhmsh jvhr t`fh‗kut `c m trmcsbjrfmt`jcmisw`tea tj prjnrhss`vh v`ghj# Wa`s jppjrtuc`ty tj eajsh qumi`ty jvhr

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc 5;

qumct`ty wms ijst jceh mnm`c wahc tah MWUE ejff`tthh `c tah XUMmiijwhg kjta `cthrimeh mcg prjnrhss`vh v`ghj stmcgmrgs#

Xs`cn g`n`tmi thrf`cjijny mc AGWR `fmnh wms hxphethg tj jbbhr mkjut; fìi`jc hihfhcts# Uuea mc `fmnh ejuig kh hmsìy ejfpmrhg tj CWUEky smy`cn AGWR jbbhrhg 2Q nrhmthr rhsjiut`jc# Cjw ;< yhmrs mbthrCAO.s p`jchhr`cn wjro hvhryta`cn ams khejfh bmr fjrh ejfpihx#

âhc yju hxmf`ch tah ’MWUE Wmkih 5‖ ms `cthrprhthg `c tah Wmkihkhijw yju wìi b`cg s`x ’bjrfmts‖ ejcs`ghrhg tj fhr`t tah imkhi jb AG&GWR#

GWR

Utmcgmrgs

@cthrimeh

;0#0>*5<#< B\U

\rjnrhss`vh

;5#01*;7#< B\U

\rjnrhss`vh

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\rjnrhss`vh

80#07*2<#< B\U

=<1<x=0;<

=240 AG

=<1<x=0;< =<1<x=0;<

;F p`xhis ;F p`xhis

>;<x=;1<

=240 AG

>;<x=;1< >;<x=;1< >;<x=;1<

0;;o p`xhis 0;;o p`xhis 0;;o p`xhis

MWUE Wmkih 5

Ijjo`cn fjrh eijshiy mt tah =<1< stmcgmrg yju wìi shh tamt mii =<1<bjrfmts jbbhr m ; fìi`jc&p`xhi `fmnh# Waus =<1< `cthrimeh !=<1<`) `stah MWUE.s GWR vhrs`jc jb tah jr`n`cmi CAO ghs`nchg AGWR systhf#!Wa`s a`stjry `s jch rhmsjc Ujcy ams chvhr khhc ms ohhc jc

prjnrhss`vh semcc`cn ms `c tah XUM wahrh tah GJG mcg tah ejfputhr`cgustry amvh pusahg amrg bjr prjnrhss`vh#) EKU CKE \KUG`sejvhry Cmt`jcmi Nhjnrmpaè mcg AGCht amvh eajshc tah =<1<`stmcgmrg# MKE \KU Bjx HU\C mcg CMUM amvh eajshc tahprjnrhss`vh stmcgmrg# Mii >;<p bjrfmts jbbhr m = fìi`jc&p`xhi `fmnh#

Wah kmcgw`gta chehssmry bjr =<1<p2< `s mifjst ;<<<Fk`ts*shejcg‗mgmtm rmth tamt emccjt kh amcgihg ky tjgmy.s theacjijny# Uj `b whmeehpt m eurrhct kmcgw`gta i`f`t jb =<<< Fk`ts*shejcg tahrh mrh twjeihmr mithrcmt`vhs4 ush ta`s kmcgw`gta bjr m a`nahr rhsjiut`jc `fmnh‗w`ta `cthrimeh mrt`bmets# Mithrcmt`vhiy hfpijy ta`s kmcgw`gta tj shcg

mc `fmnh jb amib tah rhsjiut`jc‗w`ta cj `cthrimeh mrt`bmets# âmt `sbmse`cmt`cn `s tamt brjf tah k`ts&phr&shejcg pj`ct jb v`hw kjta `fmnhsmrh hqumi#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc 55

GRE\[J >;;< hihfhct EEGs mrhprh&bìthrhg tj y`hig 02< p`xhis# Wah 02<&p`xhi iuf`cmceh s`ncmi ! P) `stahc smfpihg# Wah Ek mcg Er ejijr g`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrh g`n`t`zhg tjprjv`gh 71<x>;< smfpi`cn bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct# Wah rhsuit `srhejrghg mt =<<Fkps#

GRE\[J =<1<` AG Bjrfmt

Khbjrh ejfprhss`jc =0;< p`xhis brjf =0;<x=<1< hihfhct EEGs mrhprh&bìthrhg tj y`hig =;1< p`xhis# Wah =;1< p`xhi iuf`cmceh s`ncmi ! P) `stahc smfpihg# Wah Ek mcg Er ejijr g`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrh g`n`t`zhg tjprjv`gh 27<x=<1< smfpi`cn bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct# Wah rhsuit `srhejrghg mt =<<Fkps#

AGEMF =<1<` BjrfmtKhbjrh ejfprhss`jc =0;< p`xhis brjf tah =0;<x=<1< hihfhct EEGsmrh prh&bìthrhg tj y`hig =77< p`xhis# Wah =77< p`xhi iuf`cmceh s`ncmi! P) `s tahc smfpihg# Wah Ek mcg Er ejijr g`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrhg`n`t`zhg tj prjv`gh 27<x=<1< smfpi`cn bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct#Wah rhsuit rhejrghg mt =7<Fkps#

G`n`tmi Mug`j

^`ta mcmijn rhejrg`cn yjur fmdjr ejcehrc `s ohhp`cn tah s`ncmi&tj&cj`sh rmt`j ms a`na ms pjss`kih# Pju gj ta`s ky turc`cn up tah mug`jihvhi sj tah RX fhthr phmos mt jr mkjvh <gK !< RX)# @c prmetèh w`taa`na&qumi`ty mcmijn tmph rhejrghrs `t `s ejffjc tj ohhp tah chhgih `ctah ’rhg‖ wahc rhejrg`cn#

Waus tah fhthr wìi typèmiiy ’phn‖ mt /5gK gur`cn tah ijughstpjrt`jcs# Wahrhbjrh ’jbb fhthr‖ phmos jb /7gK tj /1gK mrh ejffjc#Wahsh emush cj prjkihfs khemush w`ta njjg mcmijn hqu`pfhct tahrh`s mghqumth ’ahmgrjjf‖ bjr tahsh phmos# Wahrh `s cj ejcehrc mkjuthxehhg`cn <gK khemush tah rhsuit `s +sjbt&ei`pp`cn+ tamt gjhs cjt ihmg

tj amrsa g`stjrt`jc#^`ta g`n`tmi rhejrg`cn yjur fmdjr ejcehrc `s ohhp`cn tah s`ncmi brjfrhmea`cn <gK khemush tamt wìi rhsuit `c +amrg&ei`pp`cn#+ Amrg ei`pp`cnemushs cmsty g`stjrt`jc# Jc tah jtahr amcg ijw&ihvhi s`ncmis mrh cjprjkihf w`ta g`n`tmi rhejrg`cn# Wah s`ncmi&tj&cj`sh rmt`j wìi cjt khaurt ky sjbt mug`j#

Xshrs jbthc amvh m prjkihf shtt`cn tah prjphr ihvhis wahc ejcchet`cnmcmijn hqu`pfhct tj g`n`tmi hqu`pfhct mcg vèh&vhrsm# Wah ohy tj ta`squhst`jc `s tj ucghrstmcg tamt g`bbhrhct typhs jb sjucg amvh g`bbhrhct

gycmfè rmcnhs#Kmshg upjc mug`j typh yju sajuig eajjsh m Cjf`cmi [hbhrhceh Ihvhi#Wa`s `s tah typèmi mug`j ihvhi jb yjur rhejrg`cn# Wahrh mrh tarhhCjf`cmi [hbhrhceh Ihvhis `c ush tjgmy# !BU fhmcs Buii Uemih#)

&=;gKBU Bjr mug`j tamt ams m vhry i`f`thg gycmfè rmcnh‗suea msfmthr`mi brjf m emsshtth tmph rhejrghr#

&=1gKBU Bjr mug`j tamt ams m i`f`thg gycmfè rmcnh‗suea msfmthr`mi brjf m Khtm U\ RW[#

&;<gKBU Bjr mug`j tamt ams m w`gh gycmfè rmcnh‗suea ms brjf mEG pimyhr# Wah [hbhrhceh Ihvhi ushg bjr AG `ceiug`cnAGR `s ―;<gKBU#

Ahmgrjjf `s tah g`bbhrhceh khtwhhc tah eajshc Cjf`cmi [hbhrhcehIhvhi mcg tah fmx`fuf buii&semih miijwhg bjr tah rhejrg`cn fhgùfkh`cn ushg# G`n`tmi buii&semih `s <gK khemush amrg ei`pp`cn wìi jeeur mtta`s ihvhi# Pju fmy kh surpr`shg mt ajw fuea ahmgrjjf `s rhqu`rhg bjrjpt`fmi s`ncmi qumi`ty `c g`n`tmi rhejrg`cns# Wah Wmkih khijw sajws ajw

yju emc ohhp mghqumth ahmgrjjf ms yju wjro w`ta mcmijn mcg g`n`tmimug`j hqu`pfhct#

McmijnFhthr`cn

Rjiufh Xc`t!RX)

G`n`tmi Cjf`cmi Rmiuh

&=;gK &=1gK &;<gK

/=1 < &;

/=7 &7 &2

/1 &7 &=< &=;

/7 &1 &=7 &=2

< &=; &=1 &;<

&2 &=1 &;7 &;2

&=2 &;1 &57 &52

&;2 &51 &77 &72

&8= &25 &20 &>=

Bjr hxmfpih `b yju eajjsh m Cjf`cmi [hbhrhceh Ihvhi jb &;<gK‗wahcmc mcmijn fhthr sajws m ihvhi jb <RX yju sajuig mgdust tah g`n`tmimug`j ihvhi tj sajw &;<gK# I`ohw`sh bjr m g`n`tmi vmiuh jb ―;<gK yjusajuig sht tah mcmijn mug`j ihvhi tj <RX# !Uajwc `c kjig `c tah tmkihmkjvh#)

Uhh Mpphcg`x K bjr `cbjrfmt`jc jc wjro`cn w`ta mcmijn s`ncmis#






Oumim Iufpur Fmimys`m

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc 5>


Eampthr ; kuìgs upjc tah ejcehpts `ctrjguehg `c tah b`rst eampthr tj

prjv`gh mc `c&ghpta ucghrstmcg`cn jb F\HN&;#

Ejfprhsshg theacjijn`hs emc kh g`v`ghg `ctj twj eimsshs4 Bjrfmts

tamt ush `cthr&brmfh ejfprhss`jc mcg tajsh tamt ush `ctrm&brmfh

ejfprhss`jc#

@ctrm&brmfh Ejfprhss`jc

âhc `ctrm&brmfh ejfprhss`jc `s hfpijyhg hmea brmfh `s ejfprhsshgtj mc `cg`v`gumi pmeoht jb `cbjrfmt`jc# !@ctrm&brmfh ejfprhss`jc `s

ghtmìhg `c Eampthr =#) Wj rhtr`hvh tah `fmnh jciy ta`s s`cnih pmeoht `srhqu`rhg# Khemush hmea brmfh `s prjehsshg `cg`v`gumiiy tah theacjijnyrhqu`rhg tj `fpihfhct m ejghe `s rhimt`vhiy s`fpih# Wah bucgmfhctmivmr`mt`jc khtwhhc mii `ctrm&brmfh bjrfmts `s tah gmtm&rmth utì`zhg4 GRGREMF mcg GRE\[J mt ;8Fkps? GRE\[J8< mt 8<Fkps? GRE\[J AGmt =<<Fkps? mcg AGEMF mt =7<Fkps# Ijw rmths miijw jciy 74=4=smfpi`cn waìh a`nahr rmths miijw khtthr earjfm smfpi`cn# ^`ta tahshtwj pmrmfhthrs sht tah ejfprhss`jc rmt`j cmturmiiy bmiis&jut#

@cthr&brmfh Ejfprhss`jc

Wah theacjijny hfpijyhg `c `cthr&brmfh ejfprhss`jc `s ejcs`ghrmkiyfjrh ejfpihx# Wa`s ejfpihx`ty ejfhs brjf tarhh bmetjrs# B`rst p`xhismrh `cthii`nhctiy nrjuphg `ctj jkdhets‗cj s`fpih tmso# Uhejcg tahfjt`jc vhetjr !pmta) jb jkdhets mrh emieuimthg mcg trmeohg jvhr t`fh#Wa`rg kjta hcejg`cn mcg ghejg`cn `cvjivh `cbjrfmt`jc brjf jtahrbrmfhs#

âìh tah b`rst bmetjr `s rhspjcs`kih bjr sjfh ghnrhh jb gmtm rhguet`jc!ejfprhss`jc) tah imtthr twj bmetjrs ihmg tj tah grmfmtè kmcgw`gta

rhguet`jc# @b yju wmct m s`fpiy wmy tj ucghrstmcg tah g`bbhrhcehkhtwhhc F\HN&= F\HN&; mcg F\HN&7‗ejcs`ghr tamt hmeanhchrmt`jc `cejrpjrmths fjrh ’sfmrts#‖

Wamcobuiiy tah `ctrème`hs jb hcejg`cn mcg ghejg`cn‗tah ghhp fmta‗gj cjt chhg tj kh ucghrstjjg ky tajsh jb us `c tah v`ghj `cgustry#Wahrh mrh ajwhvhr twj ejcs`ghrmt`jcs wh gj chhg tj nrmsp#

B`rst tah nrhmthr tah k`t rhguet`jc wh wmct tah fjrh sjpa`stèmthg tahejghe e`reu`try wìi kh# Uhejcg ea`p ejfpihx`ty bucgmfhctmiiy`cbiuhcehs ea`p s`zh ahmt nhchrmt`jc mcg pjwhr ejcsufpt`jc# Wahshtarhh bmetjrs ghthrf`ch wahtahr m ejghe emc prmetèmiiy hfpijyhg `c memfejrghr# Jceh mnm`c theacjijny wìi hcmkih fmcubmeturhs tj sar`co

g`h s`zh waèa `c&turc wìi rhgueh pjwhr ejcsufpt`jc mcg ahmtnhchrmt`jc#

@ \ mcg K Brmfhs

@ctrm&brmfh ejfprhss`jc seahfhs hfpijy jciy jch o`cg jb brmfh#@cthr&brmfh ejfprhss`jc emc ush4 @&brmfh? @& mcg \&brmfh? mcg @& \&mcg K&brmfhs# AGR mcg \rjAG ush mii tarhh typhs jb brmfhs#

@&brmfh

@cthr&brmfh ejfprhss`jc‐s fjst pr`f`t`vh hihfhct `s mc ’@‖ brmfh# Wa`s

brmfh ejfhs brjf jch v`ghj brmfh# @t ams khhc `cthr&brmfh F\HNejfprhsshg# @t `s fuea iòh m s`cnih ejfprhsshg GR brmfh‗hxehpt `tjbbhrs si`natiy khtthr pèturh qumi`ty#

Pju amvh prjkmkiy mirhmgy cjtèhg tamt waìh GR qumi`ty `s typèmiiyhxprhsshg `c m ejfprhss`jc&rmt`j F\HN&; qumi`ty `s ghb`chg `cfhnmk`ts&phr&shejcg# Khbjrh fjv`cn jc iht us sjrt ta`s jut# KhemushGR ht mi mrh rhejrghg tj tmph‗tah k`t&rmth ams tj kh ejcstmct# Wjmiijw bjr g`bbhrhct qumi`ty ihvhis twj UG k`t rmths whrh eajshc4;8Fkps !m 84= ejfprhss`jc rmt`j) mcg 8<Fkps !m 5#54= rmt`j)# Wjamcgih AG twj fuea a`nahr k`t&rmths whrh eajshc4 =<<Fkps mcg=7<Fkps#

F\HN&; wms `c`t`miiy emrr`hg ky jptèmi g`se mcg krjmgemst*emkiheamcchis# Ahrh tahrh wms cj chhg bjr m ejcstmct k`t&rmth sj tah ihvhijb qumi`ty wms g`mihg `c mt tah t`fh jb hcejg`cn# @c`t`miiy jciy UG&s`zhg`fmnhs whrh hcejghg# Waus `t khemfh hmsy tj ejfpmrh qumi`ty kyijjo`cn mt tah sphe`b`hg k`t&rmth#

Uuea qumi`ty hst`fmths amvh chvhr khhc vmi`g khemush bjr hxmfpih msjpa`stèmthg ;&pmss F\HN&; hcejghr emc y`hig nrhmt pèturh qumi`ty mtijw k`t&rmths# Chvhrtahihss bjr UG m k`t&rmth jb 0Fkps `s ejcs`ghrhgtj emrry m vhry a`na&qumi`ty `fmnh# Bjr AG m rmth jb =0Fkps `s tahcjrf#






\& mcg K&brmfh

Jceh mc @&brmfh ams khhc hcejghg ’\‖ mcg ’K‖ brmfhs emc khnhchrmthg us`cn kjta tah @&brmfh `cbjrfmt`jc mcg sukshquhct v`ghjbrmfhs# U`fpiy put m \&brmfh ejctm`cs tah `cbjrfmt`jc chhghg tjrherhmth m v`ghj brmfh `c ejcducet`jc w`ta tah `cbjrfmt`jc `c tah

prhv`jus @&brmfh#

@c fjst kut cjt mii emshs m \&brmfh `s fuea sfmiihr tamc mc @&brmfh#Waus m shquhceh jb @\\ brmfhs emrr`hs tah `cbjrfmt`jc bjr tarhh v`ghjbrmfhs us`cn bmr ihss gmtm k`ts tamc `b `ctrm&brmfh !GR) whrh ushg#

M K&brmfh `s hvhc fjrh hbbè`hct tamc m \&brmfh# M K&brmfh ejctm`cstah sfmii mfjuct jb `cbjrfmt`jc chhghg tj rhejcst`tuth m v`ghj brmfhwahc ejfk`chg w`ta `cbjrfmt`jc brjf4 m pmst @& jr \&brmfh mcg mbuturh @&jr \&brmfh? m pmst @& jr \&brmfh? jr m buturh @&jr \&brmfh#Xtì`z`cn K&brmfhs tahrhbjrh rhsuits `c m s`nc`bèmct rhguet`jc jb gmtm#

Pju wjuig kh dust`b`hg `c mso`cn ajw gur`cn pimykmeo m buturh @& jr \&brmfh emc kh hfpijyhg tj rherhmth m v`ghj brmfh wahc `t `s cjt yhtmvmìmkih#

Gur`cn tah hcejg`cn prjehss hcejghg brmfhs mrh ahig `c m kubbhr mcgjutput `c mc jrghr sj m K&brmfh `s miwmys prhehghg ky tah @& mcg*jr \&

brmfhs rhqu`rhg# Bjr hxmfpih `b tah shquhceh jb brmfhs `s @KK\‗wahrh kjta K brmfhs ghphcg jc tah `c`t`mi @&brmfh mcg b`cmi \&brmfh‗tah jutput shquhceh wìi kh @\KK#






NJ\‗Nrjup jb \èturhs

Jceh mc @&brmfh `s hcejghg tahrh wìi kh sjfh cufkhr jb \& mcg*jr K&brmfhs hcejghg khbjrh mcjtahr @&brmfh `s hcejghg# Bjr hxmfpih@KK\KK# Mbthr tahsh brmfhs m chw @&brmfh `s hcejghg y`hig`cn m

shquhceh4 @KK\KK# Wah ihcnta jb m shquhceh `s emiihg m NJ\‗Nrjupjb \èturhs# !Cjth4 `t `s pjss`kih tj amvh v`ghj hcejghg tj jciy @&brmfhs mitajuna tah rhsuit wìi amvh m vhry a`na gmtm&rmth#)

M ejfpihth eamcnh jb sehch `c tah v`ghj strhmf pjshs m g`bbèuitprjkihf bjr F\HN&; hcejg`cn# @ghmiiy hvhry sehch eamcnh sajuignhchrmth mc @&brmfh# Ajwhvhr `b ta`s @ brmfh emfh vhry sjjc mbthr mchmri`hr @&brmfh tah mfjuct jb gmtm jutput brjf tah hcejghr wjuigspòh‗pjss`kiy khyjcg tamt waèa emc kh amcgihg ky tah rhejrg`cnsysthf#

Ujfh F\HN&; kmshg bjrfmts miijw m NJ\ tj vmry si`natiy `c ihcnta#âhc m NJ\ jb ihcnta =8 `s ushg tah NJ\ ihcnta fmy kh miijwhg tjvmry khtwhhc 0&brmfhs mcg =8&brmfhs# Wah vmst fmdjr`ty jb NJ\s wìikh =8&brmfhs ijcn kut sajrthr NJ\s fmy kh jutput wahc tahrh mrhmkrupt eamcnhs `c tah `cejf`cn v`ghj#

NJ\ ihcntas emc kh g`v`ghg `ctj twj emthnjr`hs4 sajrt jr ijcn# Wahthrf ’sajrt‖ typèmiiy `s ushg tj ghcjth @&brmfh jciy F\HN&;# IjcnNJ\s typèmiiy emrry jch&amib shejcg jb pimykmeo v`ghj h#n# =8&brmfhs#

Xs`cn ijcn NJ\s fmx`f`zhs ejghe hbbè`hcey mcg sj emc jbbhr nrhmthr`fmnh qumi`ty‗wahc tahrh `s cj jr f`c`fmi fjt`jc# Ajwhvhrejfpmrhg tj sajrt NJ\ `t bmr ihss hbbè`hct `c hcejg`cn fjt`jc#Wahrhbjrh fjt`jc fmy emush ijss rhsjiut`jc jr F\HN&; kijeo`cnmrt`bmets#

Wah F\HN&; Hcejg`cn \rjehss

Wahrh mrh sphe`bè stmnhs `cvjivhg `c F\HN&; hcejg`cn v`ghj `fmnhs#

Wah `c`t`mi sthp `s tj ush `cbjrfmt`jc merjss tah shr`hs jb `fmnhs w`ta`chmea NJ\ tj phrbjrf `cthr&brmfh ejfprhss`jc# !Mc `fmnh fmy kh mprjnrhss`vh v`ghj brmfh jr mc `cthrimehg v`ghj brmfh‗tah imtthr kh`cnihss hbbè`hct tj hcejgh wahc tahrh mrh khtwhhc b`hig g`bbhrhcehs mswahc jkdhets mrh `c fjt`jc#) Wah bjiijw`cn `s m s`fpi`b`hg ghser`pt`jc jb ajw ta`s `s meejfpi`sahg#

@&brmfhs

Mc @&brmfh ejctm`cs `cbjrfmt`jc tj rherhmth m ijssy vhrs`jc jb tah b`rst v`ghj brmfh#

Mbthr mpprjpr`mth ijw&pmss bìthr`cn tj rhgueh cj`sh m pèturh `s

pmrt`t`jchg `ctj =2 x =2 p`xhi fmerjkijeos# M g`serhth ejs`ch trmcsbjrf!GEW) `s mppi`hg tj hmea jb tah bjur 1 x 1 iuf`cmceh kijeos w`ta`c mfmerjkijeo# Wah GEW jrnmc`zhs `cbjrfmt`jc sj tah ihvhi jb ghtmì tjwaèa tah aufmc hyh `s fjst shcs`t`vh `s cjt g`semrghg# Ejcvhrshiyvhry b`ch ghtmì wìi kh tah b`rst tj kh g`semrghg# !Ejctrmry tj ejffjckhi`hb tah GEW gjhs cjt rhgueh tah mfjuct jb gmtm#)

@ctrm&brmfh ejfprhss`jc ushs m ejfk`cmt`jc jb ijssihss mcg ijssyprjehss`cn# F\HN ejfprhss`jc jeeurs tarjuna tah ’qumct`zmt`jc‖ jb tah GEW ejhbbè`hcts# ]umct`z`cn `s tah prjehss jb rhgue`cn tah cufkhr

jb k`ts tamt rhprhshct hmea ejhbbè`hct# Ajw fuea ejfprhss`jc `s tj khmppi`hg `s ghthrf`chg mt ta`s stmnh#

G`serhth Ejs`ch Wrmcsbjrf Hcejg`cn

Ejhbbè`hcts tamt rhprhshct imrnh ghtmìs mrh miijwhg tj kh rhprhshcthgky up tj ==&k`ts waìh tajsh tamt rhprhshct b`ch ghtmì mrh squhhzhg`ctj jciy m bhw k`ts# Ky mgdust`cn tah semih jb ghtmì s`zh tah mfjuct jb gmtm tamt `s nhchrmthg emc kh ejctrjiihg# Wa`s semih bmetjr emc kh ohptejcstmct waèa n`vhc tah vmry`cn `fmnh gmtm&rmth? wìi y`hig Rmr`mkihK`t [mth !RK[) hcejg`cn# @b fjc`tjr`cn tah jutput gmtm&rmth‗

gycmfèmiiy ejctrjis tah semih bmetjr tah jutput `s sfjjtahg tahrhkyy`hig`cn Ejcstmct K`t [mth !EK[) hcejg`cn#

Ijssihss gmtm rhguet`jc `s mppi`hg mbthr qumct`zmt`jc us`cn Rmr`mkihIhcnta Ejg`cn !RIE) mcg [uc Ihcnta Ejg`cn ![IE)# Rmr`mkih ihcntahcejg`cn `ghct`b`hs tah fjst brhquhct pmtthrcs `c tah qumct`zhgejhbbè`hcts# !\& jr K&brmfh Fjt`jc Rhetjr Kijeos mrh misj ejfprhsshgky tahsh prjehsshs#)

Wahsh pmtthrcs mrh tahc rhprhshcthg ky ejghs tamt mrh ghb`chg ky jciym bhw k`ts# Ejcvhrshiy ihss brhquhct pmtthrcs khejfh rhprhshcthg ky

ejghs tamt rhqu`rh fjrh k`ts# Cjth tamt tah hcejg`cn prjehss eihvhriytmohs tah fjst v`s`kih ghtmìs mcg rhprhshcts tahf ky tah bhwhst k`tswaìh tah ghtmìs ihmst iòhiy tj kh shhc mrh rhprhshcthg ky fjrh k`ts#

Wah RIE prjehss y`higs m sht jb cufhrè vmiuhs# Wahsh vmiuhs mrh tahc[uc Ihcnta Hcejghg# [IE ushs m uc`quh ejgh tj rhprhshct m rhphmt`cnpmtthrc suea ms m shr`hs jb zhrjhs# Bjr hxmfpih m ’ruc‖ jb ;< zhrj

vmiuhs emc kh rhprhshcthg ky m uc`quh ejgh tj waèa tah rhphmt ejuct!h#n# =<) `s mpphcghg# Waus ;< kyths mrh rhguehg tj jciy 5 kyths#

Wah sthps bjr @&brmfh hcejg`cn mrh tah hsshct`miiy tah smfh bjr GRE!GR GREMF GRE\[J) ejfprhss`jc#

Fjt`jc Rhetjrs

M chwiy hcejghg @ brmfh s ghejghg !ucejfprhsshg) tj rh&nhchrmthtah b`rst v`ghj brmfh !\rhshct @fmnh) waèa `s g`v`ghg `ctj =2x=2p`xhi fmerjkijeos#

Utmrt`cn w`ta tah b`rst !upphrfjst ihbtfjst) fmerjkijeo m shmrea `sfmgh tj ghthrf`ch `ts ijemt`jc `c mc Mgdmehct @fmnh# !Wah Mgdmehct@fmnh `s tah chxt v`ghj brmfh#)

Wah b`rst ejfpmr`sjc `s fmgh mt `ghctèmi Q mcg P ejjrg`cmths tj

ghthrf`ch `b tah fmerjkijeo `s `c ta`s ijemt`jc# !M ejrrhimt`jc theac`quh`s ushg tj fmoh fhmsurh mcg rmth tah fmtea#) @b tahrh `s m fmtea‗khemush tah ejrrhimt`jc `s nrhmthr tamc m er`tèmi vmiuh‗`cgèmt`cn tahfmerjkijeo ams cjt fjvhg? `ts ’fjt`jc vhetjr‖ `s sht tj zhrj#

Xctì tahrh `s m fmtea `c m fhtajgèmi pmtthrc tah ejfpmr`sjcfmerjkijeo `s fjvhg `c mii g`rhet`jcs mt `cerhms`cn g`stmcehs brjf `tsjr`n`c# Wah g`spimehfhct !g`rhet`jc mcg g`stmceh) fjvhg uctì m fmtea`s fmgh ghthrf`chs tah fmerjkijeo‐s fjt`jc vhetjr# Waus m fjt`jc `snhchrmthg bjr hmea fmerjkijeo mcg tah vhetjr smvhg# Wahsh prjehss`cn

stmnhs mrh sajwc `c B`nurh ;#=#

B`nurh ;#=4 Nhchrmt`cn m Fjt`jc Rhetjr

Wa`s prjehss `s rhphmthg bjr hmea fmerjkijeo uctì mii fjt`jc vhetjrsamvh khhc ejfputhg khtwhhc tah \rhshct mcg tah Mgdmehct @fmnh!s)#






\hrbjrf`cn tah `thrmt`vh shmrea bjr UG v`ghj rhqu`rhs m aunh mfjuct jb ejfputmt`jc# Cmturmiiy tah a`nahr tah `fmnh rhsjiut`jc tah nrhmthrcufkhr jb fjt`jc vhetjrs tamt mrh nhchrmthg mcg smvhg# Fjt`jcvhetjrs mrh smvhg `c m Fjt`jc Ejfphcsmt`jc Kijeo#

\rhgèthg BrmfhsChxt m \rhgèthg Brmfh `s ejcstruethg brjf mppiy`cn tah vhetjrsejctm`chg `c m Fjt`jc Ejfphcsmt`jc Kijeo tj tah \rhshct @fmnh#U`fpiy put wh ush tah vhetjr `cbjrfmt`jc tj ejcstruet m chw brmfh mssajwc ky B`nurh ;#;#

Hvhry fmerjkijeo `c ta`s brmfh `s jktm`chg brjf tah \rhshct @fmnh‗fjvhg tj m chw ijemt`jc meejrg`cn tj tah smvhg fjt`jc vhetjr`cbjrfmt`jc#

B`nurh ;#;4 Nhchrmt`cn m \rhgèthg Brmfh

G`bbhrhceh Brmfhs

Wah \rhgèthg Brmfh `s tahc suktrmethg brjf tah Mgdmehct @fmnh mcg mG`bbhrhceh Brmfh erhmthg ms sajwc ky B`nurh ;#5# @b tah fjt`jcvhetjrs whrh mkih tj erhmth m phrbhet \rhgèthg Brmfh tah \rhgèthgBrmfh wjuig fmtea tah Mgdmehct @fmnh mcg tah G`bbhrhceh Brmfhwjuig kh hfpty#






B`nurh ;#54 Nhchrmt`cn m G`bbhrhceh Brmfh

Mceajr Brmfhs

Mc Mgdmehct @fmnh wahc `t `s tah b`rst brmfh jb m NJ\ khejfhs mcMceajr Brmfh# Waus mc @&brmfh `s mc Mceajr Brmfh#

@b tah hcejghr ams hcjuna fhfjry‗twj Mceajr Brmfhs twj Fjt`jcRhetjr Kijeos mcg jch Mgdmehct @fmnh mrh ushg tjnhtahr# Wah shejcgMceajr Brmfh `s imthr `c tah shr`hs mcg `s m \&brmfh# Wwj \rhgèthgBrmfhs mrh erhmthg ky tah Fjt`jc Rhetjrs jktm`chg brjf hmea MceajrBrmfh mcg tah Mgdmehct @fmnh# Chxt twj G`bbhrhceh Brmfhs mrherhmthg# Wahsh brmfhs wìi kh ushg tj nhchrmth m K&brmfh#

Ejfprhss`cn \& mcg K&brmfhs

G`bbhrhceh brmfhs hmea w`ta `ts jwc fjt`jc ejfphcsmt`jc kijeo mrh

GEW trmcsbjrfhg mcg tah`r ejhbbè`hcts qumct`zhg# RIE mcg [IH tahcnhchrmth m k`t&strhmf# Wa`s prjehss `s rhphmthg bjr tah rhfm`c`cnbrmfhs jb m NJ\# âhc m prhgèthg brmfh `s ejcstruethg ms ghser`khgmkjvh jciy `c rhimt`jc tj mc `c`t`mi brmfh `t `s m ’\ brmfh#‖

M \&brmfh ejctm`cs tah `cbjrfmt`jc chhghg tj rherhmth m v`ghjbrmfh `c ejcducet`jc w`ta tah `cbjrfmt`jc `c tah prhv`jus @&brmfh#

âhc m prhgèthg brmfh `s ejfputhg `c rhimt`jc tj m prhv`jus brmfhmcg m brmfh mbthr tah prhgèthg brmfh m ’K brmfh‖ `s nhchrmthg# Hmea

K&brmfh ejctm`cs twj shts jb ejfprhsshg `cbjrfmt`jc# Jch sht `s tahejfprhsshg pm`r jb Fjt`jc Ejfphcsmt`jc Kijeos# Wah jtahr sht `s tahejfprhsshg pm`r jb G`bbhrhceh Brmfhs#

M K&brmfh ejctm`cs `cbjrfmt`jc chhghg tj rhejcst`tuth m v`ghjbrmfh wahc ejfk`chg w`ta `cbjrfmt`jc brjf m pmst @& jr \&brmfh mcg*jr m buturh @&jr \&brmfh#

Ghejg`cn F\HN&;

Ghejg`cn F\HN&; `s fuea s`fpihr mcg bmsthr tamc hcejg`cn# Mc @&

brmfh `s ghejfprhsshg ms sajwc `c B`nurh ;#7#






B`nurh ;#74 Mc ucejfprhsshg @&brmfh emrr`hs m ejfpihth `fmnh

Rhetjr `cbjrfmt`jc `s ucejfprhsshg bjr m brmfh mbthr tah @&brmfh mssajwc `c B`nurh ;#8#

B`nurh ;#84 Chxt m Fjt`jc Rhetjr `s ucejfprhsshg

Mbthr ghejfprhss`jc m brmfh‐s fjt`jc vhetjrs mrh mppi`hg tj taheurrhct v`ghj brmfh tj erhmth m prhg`ethg !Hst`fmthg Brmfh) brmfh#

B`nurh ;#24 Chxt mc hst`fmthg ’chxt‖ brmfh `s nhchrmthg

Wahc tah G`bbhrhceh Brmfh `s ucejfprhsshg ms sajwc `c B`nurh ;#>#






B`nurh ;#>4 Chxt m G`bbhrhceh Brmfh `s ucejfprhsshg

Wah G`bbhrhceh Brmfh `s mgghg tj tah Hst`fmthg Brmfh tj y`hig mc`fmnh# Wah chw `fmnh `s misj kmshg upjc tah jkdhets `c tah @&brmfhtamt amvh cjt fjvhg# Wah Chxt Brmfh `s ms sajwc `c B`nurh ;#1#

B`nurh ;#14 M ejfpjs`th jb tah stmtè @&brmfh mcg tah ejrrhethg hst`fmthg brmfh

Wa`s `s rhphmthg bjr tah rhfm`c`cn brmfhs `c hmea NJ\#

Jphc mcg Eijshg NJ\s

Cjw tamt wh ocjw ajw @ \ mcg K brmfhs mrh jktm`chg iht‐s ijjoeijshiy mt m =8&brmfh NJ\ shquhceh4

@KK\KK\KK\KK\KK\ @# @c ta`s shquhceh tah b`cmi twj K&brmfhsrhqu`rh `cbjrfmt`jc brjf tah prhv`jus \&brmfh mcg kjta tah bjiijw`cn\& mcg @&brmfh# âhrh ghphcghce`hs erjss NJ\ kjucgmr`hs tahhcejghr `s sm`g tj kh nhchrmt`cn Jphc NJ\s# Xcbjrtucmthiy gur`cnhg`t`cn `b tah NJ\ w`ta tah @&brmfh `s ghihthg‗tah twj K&brmfhs wìiijsh tah `cbjrfmt`jc chehssmry tj rherhmth tah =5ta mcg =8ta v`ghjbrmfhs `c tah b`rst NJ\#

Wah bjiijw`cn `s 2&brmfh Eijshg NJ\4 @KK\KK# ^`ta Eijshg NJ\hcejg`cn tah imst K&brmfhs amvh jciy m kmeowmrg ghphcghcey# EijshgNJ\s gj cjt ghphcg jc tah chxt brmfh#






EK[ mcg RK[

âhc rhejrg`cn `s fmgh tj tmph tah gmtm&rmth fust rhfm`c ejcstmctms kjta tah tmph&sphhg mcg ahmg&sphhg mrh ejcstmct# Wa`s rhqu`rhs mchcejghr tj nhchrmth m b`xhg gmtm&rmth cj fmtthr tah `fmnh vmr`mt`jcsw`ta`c tah `cejf`cn shr`hs jb v`ghj brmfhs#

âhc mc hcejghr meejfpi`sahs ta`s `t `s sm`g tj kh us`cn Ejcstmct K`t[mth !EK[) hcejg`cn# @c rhmi`ty hvhc wahc us`cn EK[ hcejg`cn `t `schehssmry tj amvh m kubbhr tj sfjjta tah gmtm&rmth hvhc fjrh khbjrhrhejrg`cn# âhc EK[ hcejg`cn `s cjt rhqu`rhg Rmr`mkih K`t [mth !RK[)emc kh ushg# RK[ hcejg`cn tahrhbjrh `s fjrh hbbè`hct#

RK[ Kubbhr

AGR khemush `t `s wr`tthc tj tmph hfpijys EK[ !Ejcstmct K`t [mth)hcejg`cn# Wah hcejghr tahrhbjrh ohhps `ts jutput gmtm rmth msejcstmct ms pjss`kih# Wj fhht ta`s njmi `t wìi smer`bèh `fmnh qumi`ty‗ky `cerhms`cn ejfprhss`jc‗wahc prhshcthg w`ta m ejfpihx brmfh#Iòhw`sh `t wìi gherhmsh ejfprhss`jc‗waèa `cerhmshs `fmnhqumi`ty‗wahchvhr m brmfh `s s`fpih tj hcejgh#

Jkv`jusiy ghsp`th mc hcejghr‐s khst hbbjrts tahrh `s cj wmy tj jutputm truiy ejcstmct k`t&rmth# Wahrhbjrh tah hcejghr‐s jutput `s bhg `ctj m

B@BJ !B`rst @c B`rst Jut) kubbhr# !Wa`s `s tah ’RK[ kubbhr#‖) Wahrhejrg`cn systhf tahc puiis gmtm brjf tah kubbhr mt m ejcstmct rmth#Wah njmi `s tj prhvhct kubbhr jvhrbijw jr kubbhr ucghrbijw#

@&brmfhs pusa rhimt`vh tj \& mcg K&brmfhs m aunh qumct`ty jb gmtm`ctj tah kubbhr# Cjrfmiiy tahsh phmos mrh sfjjtahg ky tah \& mcg K&






brmfhs tamt jeeur khbjrh tah chxt @&brmfh# âhchvhr @&brmfhs jeeurtjj brhquhctiy tah kubbhr emc jvhrbijw#

Jch wmy tj prhvhct ta`s hrrjr `s tj mgdust tah RK[ ihvhis jb tah brjf&strhmf mcg tj&strhmf sj tah rhsuit`cn trmcspjrt strhmf wìi cjt subbhrjvhrbijw ucghrbijw jr jtahr ucghs`rmkih kubbhr fhfjry khamv`jr#‖ Pju emc ta`co jb ta`s prjehss ms m bhhgkmeo ijjp tamt mgdusts hcejghrejfprhss`jc ihvhi kmshg upjc eurrhct RK[ kubbhr ’buiichss#‖

M fjghi `s ushg tj vhr`by tamt tah k`tstrhmf fhfjry rhqu`rhg mt tahghejghr gjhs cjt hxehhg tah vmiuhs sphe`b`hg bjr tah ejrrhspjcg`cnF\HN&; \rjbìh mcg Ihvhi#

F\HN ]umi`ty Ghs`ncmt`jcs

F\HN&; ams fuit`pih qumi`ty ihvhis mcg tahsh ihvhis amvh ma`hrmreaèmi rhimt`jc w`ta hmea jtahr# Ejcs`ghr tarhh typhs jb F\HN&;4M K mcg E# M ghejghr tamt emc meehpt typh M chhg cjt meehpt typh Kmcg E# M ghejghr tamt amcgihs K fust meehpt kjta M mcg K# Fjrhjvhrms yju wjuig hxphet m E ghejghr fust meehpt M K mcg E#

F\HN&; qumi`ty `s cjt ghb`chg ms s`fpiy ms ghs`ncmthg ms M K mcg E#[mtahr tamc m s`fpih i`chmr ghs`ncmt`jc seahfh m twj&g`fhcs`jcmighb`c`t`jc `s utì`zhg# Wah b`rst g`fhcs`jc `s tah hcejg`cn \rjbìh#

F\HN&; \rjbìh

M prjbìh ghb`chs ajw ejfpihx tah hcejg`cn `s# Wheacèmiiy m prjbìh `sm +ghb`chg suksht jb tah syctmx jb tah sphe`bèmt`jc#+ @c jtahr wjrgs mprjbìh `fpjshs kjucgs tj ajw m k`tstrhmf `s nhchrmthg# Wah Wmkihkhijw ghb`chs tah shr`hs jb F\HN&; prjbìhs#

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Wah prjbìhs wh mrh `cthrhsthg `c mrh tajsh tamt wìi kh ushg bjr fmo`cn

m GRG mcg tajsh ushg bjr AG# Fm`c\rjbìh `s ushg bjr GRG AGR mcgMWUE v`ghj# Wah Ujcy emfejrghrs ush 74;4< smfpi`cn#

74;4< Umfpi`cn

M v`ghj s`ncmi emrr`hs kr`natchss `cbjrfmt`jc emiihg iuf`cmceh jriufm pius ejijr `cbjrfmt`jc emiihg earjf`cmceh jr earjfm# Kjta iufmmcg earjfm mrh ejfputhg brjf tah [hg Nrhhc mcg Kiuh EEG jutput#

Iuf`cmceh `s ejfputhg ky4 P 6 <#;00[ / <#81>N / <#==7K#






Ms wh emc shh khijw hvhry p`xhi jc hvhry i`ch ejctr`kuths tj m P vmiuh# Wahsh g`mnrmfs mssufh tah `fmnh `s brjf m prjnrhss`vhsemcchg shcsjr#

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Wah Kiuh g`bbhrhceh s`ncmi `s ejfputhg ky f`x`cn tah Kiuh s`ncmi w`ta

mc `cvhrthg iufm s`ncmi4 Ek 6 K ― P #









Wah [hg g`bbhrhceh s`ncmi `s ejfputhg ky f`x`cn tah [hg s`ncmi w`tamc `cvhrthg iufm s`ncmi4 Er 6 [ ― P#









Bjr 74;4< v`ghj Ek vmiuhs mrh jktm`chg ky g`semrg`cn hvhry jtahr Ek vmiuh w`ta`c tah jgg rjws jb prjnrhss`vh v`ghj#

Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek

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Er Er Er Er Er

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Wah Eamrt khijw sajws m brmfh jb prjnrhss`vh v`ghj#

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Wah Eamrt gjhs cjt ejcvhy tamt hmea Ek*Er smfpih wms jktm`chg kymvhrmn`cn tah Ek*Er smfpihs brjf rjws mkjvh mcg khijw tah P smfpih# Cjr gjhs `t ejcvhy tamt hmea Ek*Er smfpih wms jktm`chg kymvhrmn`cn tah Ek*Er smfpihs brjf ejiufcs tj hmea s`gh jb tah P smfpih# Wahrhbjrh gjwc ejcvhrs`jc cjt jciy rhsuits `c m ijss jb earjfm rhsjiut`jc !kmcgw`gta) `t misj `ctrjguehs earjfm spmt`mi hrrjr#

Hmea Ek*Er smfpih `s cjw pjs`t`jchg ajr`zjctmiiy mcg vhrtèmiiyf`gwmy khtwhhc v`ghj i`chs mcg ejiufcs#

Wyphs jb Hcejg`cn

Wah F\HN&; sphe`bèmt`jc miijws v`ghj tj kh hcejghg `c twj wmys4 ky ’brmfh‖ jr ky ’b`hig#‖ Fjrhjvhr mc hcejghr emc sw`tea khtwhhc tahshfjghs waìh rhejrg`cn# Bjr hxmfpih wahc hcejg`cn `cthrimeh v`ghj `b tahrh mrh bhw g`bbhrhcehs khtwhhc b`higs tah b`higs emc kh ejfk`chg `c

m brmfh mcg hcejghg# Brmfh hcejg`cn `s fjrh hbbè`hct sj tahrh `s mcmgvmctmnh tj fmo`cn tah sw`tea# Hcejghrs tamt emc phrbjrf sw`tea`cnamvh fjt`jc&shcs`cn ijnè tamt ejfpmrhs b`higs# Ajwhvhr `cthrimehb`higs emc kh ejfk`chg `ctj m brmfh mcg hcejghg#

F\HN&; ghvèhs suea ms GRGs hcejgh v`ghj us`cn b`higs jr kjta b`higsmcg brmfhs# Wypèmiiy fjt`jc shcs`cn ijnè fhmsurhs tah `cthr&b`higfjt`jc4 `b `t `s ijw brmfh hcejg`cn `s ushg waìh `b `t `s a`na b`highcejg`cn `s hfpijyhg#

AGR hcejghs kjta >;;<p;7 >;<p;8 >;<p5< >;<p8< >;<p2< =<1<p;7=<1<`2<*;7p =<1<p;8 =<1<`8<*;8p =<1<p5< =<1<`2<*5<p tah+prjnrhss`vhZbrmfh+ bimn `s sht W[XH‗jtahrw`sh `t `s sht BMIUH#

Gur`cn ejcvhrs`jc tj 74;4< earjfm rhsjiut`jc `s rhguehg ky amib# BjrBrmfh&hcejghg v`ghj ta`s rhguet`jc‗bjr m =<1<&i`ch brmfh‗y`higs m87<&i`ch Ek*Er earjfm eamcchi#

Gur`cn pimykmeo tah ’pèturhZstrueturh‖ bimn `s eaheohg mcg `b `t `sB[MFH‗tah hct`rh brmfh `s ghejghg# Mbthr ghejg`cn 74;4< `sejcvhrthg tj 74;4; ky ’earjfm upsmfpi`cn‖ waèa `s chehssmry sj memfejrghr jr RW[ emc jutput mcmijn mcg*jr g`n`tmi v`ghj# Wa`s `skhemush tah ghejghr‐s jutput e`reu`t rhqu`rhs m i`ch jb earjfm !kjtaEk mcg Er ) bjr hvhry i`ch jb iufm ! P)#

@cthrimeh Earjfm Hrrjr !@EH)

Gur`cn ejcvhrs`jc tj 74;4< earjfm rhsjiut`jc `s rhguehg ky amib# Bjrprjnrhss`vh v`ghj ta`s rhguet`jc‗bjr m =<1<&i`ch brmfh‗y`higs m 87<&i`ch Ek *Er earjfm eamcchi# Bjr `cthrimehg v`ghj tah ejcvhrs`jc `sphrbjrfhg shpmrmthiy bjr jgg mcg hvhc i`chs# Wahrhbjrh tah Ek *Erearjfm eamcchi `s emrr`hg ms twj shpmrmth `cthrihmvhg Ek *Er earjfmeamcchis# Wah jgg b`hig ams jch eamcchi mcg tah hvhc b`hig ams tahjtahr# Hmea eamcchi ams jciy ;><&i`chs jb earjfm rhsjiut`jc# Wjejcvhrt 74;4< tj 74;4; v`ghj tah 87<&i`chs jr ;><&i`chs fust khupsmfpihg tj bjrf jch =<1<&i`ch brmfh jr twj 87<&i`ch earjfm b`higs#

Wah `cthrimeh upsmfpi`cn prjehss ushs jch jb shvhrmi +khst nuhss+strmthn`hs# @b tah smfh strmthny `s ushg bjr kjta b`higs hrrjrs rhsuitkhemush kjta b`higs mrh g`bbhrhct# Wypèmiiy tahrhbjrh g`bbhrhctstrmthn`hs mrh ushg bjr jgg mcg hvhc b`higs# Chvhrtahihss khemush

tahsh strmthn`hs bucet`jc w`tajut gmtm brjf tah jtahr b`hig hrrjrs stìirhsuit#

Wahsh hrrjrs erhmth earjfm mrt`bmets jc hgnh ejctjurs hsphe`miiyg`mnjcmis# âhc tah twj b`higs mrh imthr ejfk`chg ky m gh`cthrimehrtah nrmgmt`jcs mcg ejctjurs jb hmea b`hig gj cjt fmtea tah nrmgmt`jcsmcg ejctjurs brjf tah jtahr b`hig# ^`ta fjt`jc v`ghj yju‐ii iòhiy cjtcjtèh tah f`ss&fmtea# Ajwhvhr jc tah g`mnjcmi hgnhs jb stmtèkr`nat&ejijrhg jkdhets yju emc cjtèh @cthrimeh Earjfm Hrrjr !@EH)#

Wahrhbjrh hvhc wahc mii F\HN&; bimns mrh ushg ejrrhetiy F\HN&;`cthrimeh v`ghj !+prjnrhss`vhZbrmfh+ bimn sht BMIUH) `cahrhctiy subbhrsbrjf @cthrimeh Earjfm Hrrjr !@EH)# Wah khst sjiut`jc `s tj mppiy m ijw&pmss bìthr tj tah rhejcstruethg 74;4; earjfm s`ncmi# Wah bìthr‐s eut&jbb brhquhcey `s sht tj fmtea tah kmcgw`gta jb tah 74;4< earjfm s`ncmi# @tgjhs cj rhmi gmfmnh tj earjfm rhsjiut`jc khemush `t wms mirhmgy ijst`c tah gjwc&ejcvhrt tj 74;4<#

F\HN&; Ihvhi

M ihvhi ghb`chs ’sht jb ejcstrm`cts jc tah vmiuhs waèa fmy kh tmohcky tah pmrmfhthrs jb tah sphe`bèmt`jc w`ta`c m pmrtèuimr prjbìh#+ WahWmkih khijw ghb`chs tah shr`hs jb F\HN&; ihvhis#

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F\HN&= Mug`j

Mii F\HN mug`j ejghes rhiy upjc mejustè fmso`cn pr`ce`pih‗m

prjphrty jb tah aufmc murmi phrehpt`jc systhf# âhc m tjch‗emiihg mfmsohr‗`s prhshcthg mt m pmrtèuimr brhquhcey wh mrh ucmkih tjphreh`vh mug`j mt chmrky brhquhce`hs tamt mrh subbè`hctiy ijw `cvjiufh#

Ms m rhsuit `t `s cjt chehssmry tj ush prhe`jus k`ts tj hcejgh tahsh`cmug`kih fmsohg brhquhce`hs# @c phrehptumi ejghrs m bìthr kmcog`v`ghs tah mug`j `ctj fuit`pih kmcgs# âhc mug`j `c m pmrtèuimr kmcgbmiis khijw tah fmso`cn tarhsajig bhw jr cj k`ts mrh ghvjthg tjhcejg`cn tamt s`ncmi rhsuit`cn `c m ejcshrvmt`jc jb k`ts tamt emc tahckh ushg bjr tah kmcgs wahrh tahy mrh chhghg#

Imyhr ; Ghser`pt`jc

Wah F\HN&= Mug`j Imyhr ; ejfprhss`jc minjr`taf ejffjciy emiihgF\; ushs mejustè fmso`cn# Wah F\; gmtm rmth `s 517okps# Wa`skmcgw`gta `s samrhg h`tahr ky ;&eamcchis jr 7&eamcchis#

F\HN&; Utrhmfs

R`ghj Hihfhctmry UtrhmfHcejghg v`ghj brmfhs mrh msshfkihg `ctj m R`ghj Hihfhctmry Utrhmf#M ahmghr shvhrmi kyths ijcn prhehghs hmea strhmf jb gmtm kyths# Wa`sahmghr ghb`chs tah cmturh jb tah gmtm tamt wìi bjiijw# Bjr hxmfpih `tsbrmfh&s`zh brmfh&rmth mcg msphet&rmt`j#

Pju fmy cjtèh wahc wjro`cn w`ta F\HN&; tamt `t emc tmoh mwaìhkhbjrh mc `fmnh khejfhs mvmìmkih# Gur`cn yjur wm`t sjbtwmrh `sshmrea`cn tah kyth&strhmf hxmf`c`cn ahmghr `cbjrfmt`jc# Wa`s `s vhryg`bbhrhct brjf GR wahrh tah pmrmfhthrs mrh typèmiiy stjrhg mt tahahmg jb tah bìh#

Mug`j Hihfhctmry Utrhmf

G`n`tmi mug`j emc kh hcejghg us`cn shvhrmi theacjijn`hs# Jch ejffjcfhtajg `s tj ush ’F\HN&= Imyhr ;‖ hcejg`cn# ME&5 !Gjiky G`n`tmi ;#<






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Utrhmfs `ctj \meohts

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\rjnrmf Utrhmf‗\U

âhrh tah strhmfs wìi kh emrr`hg jc m a`naiy rhi`mkih fhg`m suea msjptèmi g`se‗m \rjnrmf Utrhmf emc kh utì`zhg# GRGs tahrhbjrh ush\rjnrmf Utrhmf pmeohts# Bjr ta`s rhmsjc tah vmst fmdjr`ty jb sjbtwmrh F\HN&; ejghes mcg pimyhrs pimykmeo jciy \rjnrmf Utrhmfs#

Wrmcspjrt Utrhmf‗WU

Krjmgemst mcg tmph&kmshg ghi`vhry systhfs mrh prjch tj grjpjuts# Wahsjiut`jc `s m fjrh rjkust pmeoht tamt hcmkihs rhejvhry brjf grjpjuts#Uphe`bèmiiy m Wrmcspjrt Utrhmf ejcs`sts jb m shquhceh jb b`xhg s`zhgtrmcspjrt pmeohts jb =11&kyths# AG= hfpijys Wrmcspjrt Utrhmfs mcgsj `s buiiy ejfpmt`kih w`ta MWUE krjmgemst`cn#

\meoht`zhg Utrhmf‗\HU

M \meoht`zhg Hihfhctmry Utrhmf !\HU) ejcs`sts jb m s`cnih HihfhctmryUtrhmf tamt ams khhc ijmghg `ctj pmeohts hmea stmrt`cn w`ta m pmeohtahmghr# M \HU strhmf ejctm`cs jciy jch typh jb gmtm brjf jch sjurehh#n# brjf jch v`ghj jr mug`j hcejghr# Wahrhbjrh fjst fhg`m ams twj\HU strhmfs tamt mrh `cthrihmvhg w`ta hmea jtahr#

\HU pmeohts amvh vmr`mkih ihcnta# âhc trmcspjrt pmeohts mrh bjrfhgbrjf m \HU strhmf tah 2&kyth \HU ahmghr `s pimehg mt tah khn`cc`cnjb m trmcspjrt pmeoht pmyijmg `ffhg`mthiy bjiijw`cn tah trmcspjrtpmeoht ahmghr# Wah rhfm`c`cn \HU pmeoht ejcthct bìis tah pmyijmgs jb sueehss`vh trmcspjrt pmeohts uctì tah \HU pmeoht ams khhc ushg#

AG; ushs \meoht`zhg Hihfhctmry Utrhmfs# Ajwhvhr wahc jutput v`m`#I@CO \HU `s ejcvhrthg tj WU#

Jc Duiy <7 ;<<5‗mc muspè`jus gmth bjr m bjrfmt tamt brhhs us brjf

tah wjrig jb UG mcg CWUE*\MI‗Emcjc Uamrp Ujcy mcg Rètjr

Ejfpmcy jb Dmpmc !DRE) mccjucehg m dj`ct prjpjsmi jb kmsè sphe`bèmt`jcs bjr tah ’AGR‖ bjrfmt# Wah sphe`bèmt`jc ghser`khs tah

rhejrg`cn mcg pimykmeo jb a`na&ghb`c`t`jc v`ghj jc GR emsshtth tmphs#

Wah AGR bjrfmt prjv`ghs suppjrt bjr kjta >;;<p5< mcg =<1<`2<# [hn`jc 8< suppjrt `ceiughs>;<p;8 mcg =<1<`8<#

DRE ams hxpmcghg tah jr`n`cmi AGR sphe`bèmt`jc `c m chw bjrfmt `temiis ’\rjAGR#‖ \rjAG suppjrts >;<p;7 >;<p8< mcg >;<p2<#

AG Gmtm [mths

Wah BEE i`f`ts GWR !1&RUK) kmcgw`gta tj 2FAz waèa miijws mfmx`fuf gmtm rmth jb =0#7Fkps# Wrmcspjrt Utrhmf ejctrji gmtmrhqu`rhs =#;Fkps# Waus tah fmx`fuf mug`j pius v`ghj gmtm rmth bjr mprjnrmf `s i`f`thg tj =1#;Fkps# Wah ME&5 !Gjiky G`n`tmi) gmtm rmth `s517okps# Wahrhbjrh v`ghj `s i`f`thg tj =>#1Fkps#

Waus =<1<` v`ghj ucghrnjhs m k`t&rmth rhguet`jc tj =>#1Fkps pr`jr tjkrjmgemst# K`t&rmth rhguet`jc `s meejfpi`sahg ky F\HN&; ejfprhss`jc#!Wah k`t&rhguet`jc rmt`j bjr MWUE =<1<` w`ta `ts 74;4< ejijr smfpi`cn`s mpprjx`fmthiy 584=#)

Xs`cn tah smfh 584= k`t&rhguet`jc rmt`j tah >;<p2< v`ghj gmtm rmth `sjciy =8#2Fkps# Wah ME&5 !Gjiky G`n`tmi) gmtm rmth `s 517Okps# Waus mfmx`fuf mug`j pius v`ghj gmtm rmth jb =8#01Fkps# Mgg`cn tahWrmcspjrt Utrhmf.s =#;Fkps y`higs m prjnrmf gmtm rmth jb =>#;Fkps#Cjth tamt m gmtm rmth =>#;Fkps ihmvhs m ;#;Fkps bjr m shejcg ijw&qumi`ty UG suk&eamcchi w`ta`c m =0#7Fkps krjmgemst# Wa`s `s jch jb tah

`cahrhct mgvmctmnhs jb >;<p#

Ejfprhss`jc rmt`js emc kh `cerhmshg jr gherhmshg kmshg upjcmppièmt`jc rhqu`rhfhcts# Bjr hxmfpih >;<p2< krjmgemst prjnrmfgmtm rmths emc rmcnh brjf =8#;Fkps !miijw`cn m a`na&qumi`ty UGfuitèmst mt 7Fkps UGWR suk&eamcchi) up tj =>#1Fkps wahrh `t ushstah buii 2FAz eamcchi#

=<1<`2< MWUE >;<p2< MWUE

\`xhis =0;< =<1< =;1< >;<

B\U ;0#0> 80#07

R`ghj K`t&rmth =>#1Fkps =8#2Fkps

NJ\ Ihcnta =8 =8

K`t&rmth[hguet`jc

[mt`j584= 584=

AGR R`ghj

Wah AGR bjrfmt sphe`b`hs tah gmtm rhejrg`cn jb F\HN&; ejfprhsshga`na&ghb`c`t`jc s`ncmis# Khemush tah chw bjrfmt hfpijys tah smfh

emsshtth emsh tmph sphhg mcg trmeo p`tea ms tah GR bjrfmt `t emcutì`zh fheamcèmi pmrts kmshg jc tah GR bjrfmt# @c bmet tah imkhi AGRemc jciy kh mppi`hg tj prjguets tamt rhejrg tj GR tmph#

AGR hfpijys Fm`c\rjbìhLA`na=77< !F\LA&=7) F\HN&;# !UhhEampthr ; bjr mc `c&ghpta `ctrjguet`jc tj F\HN&; v`ghj#) Wah smfpi`cnspmeh `s 74;4<# Wwj spmt`mi rhsjiut`jcs =;1<x>;< mcg =77<x=<1< mrhsuppjrthg# Wah bjrfhr `s emiihg ’AG=‖ waìh tah imtthr `s emiihg ’AG;#‖

AG=

Wahrh mrh bjur sphe`bèmt`jcs tamt ghb`ch AG=4 m spmt`mi rhsjiut`jc jb =;1<x>;< p`xhis? prjnrhss`vh semcc`cn thfpjrmi rhsjiut`jcs jb ;8bps;0#0>bps 8<bps mcg 80#07bps? mcg m =0#7Fkps gmtm rmth# Wah=0#7Fkps `s ejfpjshg jb tarhh typhs jb gmtm4 F\HN&; v`ghj!=>#1Fkps) F\HN&= Imyhr ; mug`j !#517Fkps) mcg suppjrt`cn gmtm!=#;Fkps)#

Fuit`pih Brmfh&rmths

Wah ohy tj ucghrstmcg`cn ajw AG= amcgihs fuit`pih brmfh rmths `s tjucghrstmcg m brmfh fmy h`tahr kh m shnfhct jb v`ghj gmtm jr mcF\HN&; [hphmt Bimn# M bimn `s typèmiiy jch kyth jb gmtm# Kyth vmiuhsamvh sphe`bè fhmc`cns# Jch suea vmiuh s`ncmis m [hphmt Brmfh#

;8p mcg 5 brmfhs phr&shejcg# Hvhry 2 brmfhs mrh hcejghg `ctj jch 74;4< smfpihg F\HN&;NJ\# Wah rhsuit `s AGR w`ta 8 NJ\s phr&shejcg#

@c >;<p;8 mcg >;<p5< fjghs tah EEGs empturh mt 8<Az mcg80#07Az rhsphet`vhiy# Hvhry 2 brmfhs mrh hcejghg `ctj jch 74;4<smfpihg F\HN&; Eijshg NJ\ !@KK\KK)# Wah rhsuit `s 8 NJ\s phr&shejcg# Wah rhejrghg t`fhkmsh `s ;0#0>bps !>;<p5<)# M s`fìmrhcejg`cn prjehss `s ushg bjr >;<p;8#

âhc tah tmph `s pimyhg bjr mcmijn ejfpjchct jutput hmea brmfh `sghejghg mcg jutput twèh# Wah rhsuit `s >;<p8< jr =<1<`8< v`ghj brjf>;<p;8 AGR mcg >;<p87#07 jr =<1<`80#07 v`ghj brjf >;<p5< AGR#AGR `#I@CO jutput `s mt h`tahr >;<p;8 jr >;<p;0#0>#

;7p

âhc yju sajjt ;7p !metumiiy ;5#01bps) jch jr twj [hphmt Bimns mrh`cshrthg khtwhhc hmea hcejghg brmfh# ^`ta ta`s prjehss 2 brmfhs mrhejcvhrthg tj =8&brmfhs‗2&brmfhs jb waèa mrh hcejghg v`ghj brmfhsmcg 0 jb waèa mrh [hphmt Bimns# Wah pmtthrc ky waèa tah brmfhs mrh

nhchrmthg `s m bmfì`mr jch‗;&5#

M K E G H B

M M K K K E E G G G H H B B B

@ [B K [B [B K [B P [B [B K [B K [B [B

[hejrg*\imykmeo

@ [B K [B [B K [B P [B [B K [B K [B [B

M M K K K E E G G G H H B B B

âhc tah [hphmt Bimns mrh `ceiughg 2< brmfhs mrh nhchrmthg hmeashejcg# Wahrhbjrh tah rhejrghg t`fhkmsh `s 80#07bps‗mitajuna jciy;7 v`ghj brmfhs mrh rhejrghg tj tmph# Wah rhejrg`cn `s >;<p80#07!>;<p2<) \rjAGR emrry`cn ;7p#

âhc tah tmph `s pimyhg bjr mcmijn ejfpjchct jutput hmea brmfh `sghejghg# âhc m [hphmt Bimn `s hcejucthrhg tah imst brmfh `s jutputmnm`c‗=*2<ta shejcg mbthr `t wms b`rst jutput# @b m shejcg [hphmt

Brmfh `s hcejucthrhg tah imst brmfh `s jutput mnm`c‗=*5<ta shejcgmbthr `t wms b`rst jutput#

Mcmijn ejfpjchct jutput emc kh g`n`t`zhg mt 80#07bps# @c ta`s emshrhvhrsh ;&5 puiigjwc emc kh ushg tj jktm`c ;7p v`ghj‗jr tah v`ghjemc kh hg`thg mt >;<p80#07#

Xpjc `cput v`m B`rh^`rh CIH‐s g`semrg tah [hphmt Bimns mcg stjrh ;7\v`ghj tj g`so# Wah t`fhkmsh bjr ta`s v`ghj `s ;5#01bps#

8;<p8< mcg >;<p2<‗hmea

shejcg jb v`ghj w`ii amvh 8 NJ\s‗hxmetiy ms gjhs >;<p;8 mcg >;<p5<tamt hfpijy 2&brmfh Eijshg NJ\s Xs`cn m gmtm rmth jb =>#1Fkps‗tahsmfh ms ushg bjr >;<p5<‗tah k`t&rhguet`jc `s 5=4=#

Wah =;&brmfh NJ\ prjv`ghs \rjAGR si`natiy khtthr fjt`jc amcgi`cntamc =<1<` AGR kut cjt ms njjg ams >;<p5<#

Mii typhs jb AG= mrh F\HN&; hcejghg us`cn Brmfhs# Wah ’p`eturhZstrueturh‖ bimn `s sht tj B[MFH#

AG= `s rhejrghg tj GR tmph us`cn jciy tah GR v`ghj shnfhct# Wah \EF

mug`j shnfhct `s jphc bjr buturh ush# M sfmii Uukejgh !@W@) shnfhctajigs gmtm suea ms t`fhejgh# !Uhh B`nurh 5#<#)

B`nurh 5#<4 AG; Wrmeo Bjrfmt

AG;

Wahrh mrh bjur sphe`bèmt`jcs tamt ghb`ch AG;4 m spmt`mi rhsjiut`jc jb =77<x=<1< p`xhis? `cthrimeh semcc`cn? thfpjrmi rhsjiut`jcs jb ;5#01bps 8<bps mcg 80#07bps pius ;5#01bps emrr`hg w`ta`c 80#07bps;8bps emrr`hg w`ta`c 8<bps mcg ;0#0>bps emrr`hg w`ta`c 80#07bps# Wah;8Fkps `s ejfpjshg jb tarhh typhs jb gmtm4 F\HN&; v`ghj!;5#7Fkps) F\HN&= Imyhr ; mug`j !#517Fkps) mcg suppjrt`cn gmtm!=#;Fkps)# Mc Jphc =8&brmfh NJ\ `s hfpijyhg!@KK\KK\KK\KK\KK)#

Mii typhs jb AG; mrh F\HN&; hcejghg w`ta tah ’pèturhZstrueturh‖ bimn`s sht tj B[MFH# Emcjc‐s ;7B rhejrgs ;7p tamt emc jciy kh pimyhg kmeojc sjfh Emcjc AG emfejrghrs# !Ujcy‐s QGEMF AG*HQ ushs tah smfhsysthf#) Ujcy !tah R=) mcg sjfh Emcjc emfejrghrs misj hfpijy msysthf tamt ushs ;&5 puiigjwc tj emrry ;7bps `c 2<`#

AG; `s rhejrghg tj GR tmph us`cn kjta tah GR v`ghj shnfhct mcg tah\EF mug`j shnfhct# M sfmii Uukejgh !@W@) shnfhct ajigs gmtm sueams t`fhejgh# !Uhh B`nurh 5#=#)

Khemush cj \EF mug`j shnfhcts mrh mvmìmkih AG; emccjt emrryrhejrg \EF mug`j#

B`nurh 5#=4 AG; Wrmeo Bjrfmt

Jch shejcg jb v`ghj pius mug`j‗rhqu`rhs 5<< trmeos‗tah smfh ms GRmcg AG=# AG; rhqu`rhs mpprjx`fmthiy ;8Fk`ts tj kh wr`tthc tj tmphhmea shejcg‗cj fmtthr tah brmfh rmth# Waus hmea trmeo emrr`hs mkjut15#5ok jb F\HN&; \HU !\meoht`zhg Hihfhctmry Utrhmf shh Eampthr ;)gmtm‗mii jb waèa mrh wr`tthc `ctj tah GR v`ghj mcg `ctj tah \EF mug`j

MWUE mcg AGR

Ms yju emc shh khijw tah gmtm rhguet`jc rmt`js sajwc khijw eihmriy`cg`emth tamt AGR ams bmr ihss ejfprhss`jc tamc gjhs MWUE AG v`ghj#

=<1<`2<MWUE

>;<p2<MWUE

=<1<`2<AGR

>;<p;7AGR

>;<p5<AGR

>;<p2<AGR

R`ghj K`t&rmth

=>#1Fkps =8#2Fkps ;5#7Fkps =>#1Fkps =>#1Fkps =>#1Fkps

NJ\Ihcnta

=8 =8 =8 2 2 =;

K`t&rmth[hguet`jc

[mt`j

584= 584= ;<4= =74= =24= 5=4=

AGR \`xhi Wyphs

Uqumrh vhrshs Cjc&squmrh \`xhis

Wah MWUE stmcgmrg hfpijys squmrh p`xhis# Gur`cn tah t`fh bjr hmeasemc i`ch =0;< p`xhis sajuig kh trmcsbhrrhg ms sajwc khijw#

Wah AGR sphe`b`emt`jc ghb`chs tah ajr`zjctmi p`xhi ejuct mt =77<# Ujajw mrh =77< p`xhis fmpphg tj =0;< p`xhis: Wah mcswhr `s tamt hmeap`xhi `s rhetmcnuimr ‗cjt squmrh# @c tah emsh jb =77< hmea p`xhi chhgstj amvh m =#554= p`xhi msphet rmt`j ms sajwc `c tah G`mnrmf khijw#

Ms yju f`nat nuhss `b yju ijjo mt m brmfh jb =77< p`xhi v`ghj `c mnrmpaès prjnrmf tamt suppjrts jciy squmrh p`xhis tah `fmnh wìi ijjosqu`sahg ajr`zjctmiiy# @t mpphmrs ms mc mcmfjrpaè `fmnh‗jch tamtwìi kh ucsquhhzhg wahc g`spimyhg#

Wahrhbjrh mitajuna Ujcy‐s AGR bjrfmt gjhs cjt suppjrt =0;< p`xhistah mcmfjrpaè cmturh jb `ts =77< p`xhi i`ch fmohs `t m vmi`g MWUE AGbjrfmt#

F\HN&= Mug`j

Kjta AG= mcg AG; suppjrt twj mug`j eamcchis jb mug`j s`ncmis tamtmrh g`n`t`zhg w`ta m 71oAz mt =2&k`t qumct`zmt`jc mcg ejfprhsshg tj517okps ky F\HN&= Mug`j Imyhr ; hcejg`cn# !Uhh Eampthr ; bjr mc `c&ghpta `ctrjguet`jc tj F\HN&= mug`j#) Wa`s kmcgw`gta `s samrhg h`tahrky ;&eamcchis jr 7&eamcchis#

Eampthr 74 @fmnh Empturh

Wheacjijny

Eampthr 7 `ctrjguehs tah theacjijny jb `fmnh empturh# Wah ejcehpts`ctrjguehg mrh er`tèmi tj ucghrstmcg`cn AGR emfhrms#

@cthrimehg semcchg EEGs rhmg&jut mii rjws hvhry b`hig&t`fh‗typèmiiy=*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg# Wahsh rjws erhmth jch b`hig jb m brmfh jb `cthrimehg v`ghj# Wah cufkhr jb i`chs `c m b`hig `s amib tah cufkhr jb shcsjr rjws# Wj empturh m brmfh‐s b`hig&fmth mnm`c tah EEGs empturhmc `fmnh mcg jceh mnm`c mii rjws mrh rhmg&jut# Wahsh rjws erhmth tah

shejcg b`hig jb m brmfh jb `cthrimehg v`ghj#

AG EEGs4 Ujfh AG emfejrghrs ush EEGs tamt amvh jciy 87<&i`chs# @cta`s emsh vhrtèmi p`xhi&sa`bt `s ushg tj erhmth m brmfh w`ta =<1<&i`chs#

Mbthr `cthrpjimt`jc jgg mcg hvhc b`higs mrh rhejrghg#

\rjnrhss`vhiy semcchg shcsjrs misj rhmg&jut mii rjws hmea =*8<ta jr=*2<ta shejcg# Wah g`bbhrhceh `s tamt hmea rhmg&jut y`higs m brmfh jb prjnrhss`vh v`ghj# Waus mc `cthrimehg semcchg shcsjr `s rhmg&juttwèh phr brmfh waìh m prjnrhss`vhiy semcchg shcsjr `s rhmg&jut jceh

phr brmfh#Mcjtahr prjnrhss`vh semcc`cn g`bbhrhceh `s tamt ’[jw&\m`r Uuffmt`jc‖ `s cjt hfpijyhg# Ms mc `cthrimehg semcchg EEG `s rhmg&jut pm`rs jb rjws mrh mgghg tjnhtahr waèa kjta amivhs tah cufkhr jb i`chs !shhtah g`mnrmfs khijw) mcg sufs vhrtèmi pm`rs jb smfpihs `c twj rjws#






Mgg`cn p`xhis `cerhmshs emfhrm shcs`t`v`ty ky 2gK !jch&stjp)# Cj`sh `smisj mvhrmnhg tahrhky `cerhms`cn tah s`ncmi&tj&cj`sh !U*C) rmt`j ky5gK#

[jw&\m`r Uuffmt`jc erhmths m ijw&pmss bìthr# !M ijw&pmss bìthrrhfjvhs a`na brhquhce`hs rhprhshct`cn b`ch ghtmì#) âhc m EEG mggsrjw&pm`rs tah bìthr ahips prhvhct ’`cthri`ch bièohr#‖ @cthri`ch bièohr `s ’mi`ms`cn‖ tamt jeeurs wahc vhrtèmi `fmnh ghtmì !s`ncmi brhquhcey)mpprjmeahs tamt jb tah EEG rjw&strueturh !smfpi`cn brhquhcey)#

Wah bièohr `s emushg ky tah ajr`zjctmi hgnh kh`cn rhprhshcthg ky ms`cnih semc&i`ch tamt `s g`spimyhg mt ;8 jr 5< t`fhs phr&shejcg#

@cthri`ch bièohr emc jciy kh shhc jc `cthrimeh g`spimys#

Ms m ajr`zjctmi hgnh fjvhs vhrtèmiiy wahc bjr hxmfpih m emfhrmpmcs vhrtèmiiy tah bièohr fjvhs up jr gjwc tah serhhc emus`cn ’`cthri`ch tw`tthr#‖ Kjta bièohr mcg tw`tthr mrh rhguehg kut cjthi`f`cmthg wahc ajr`zjctmi hgnhs !jr i`chs) mrh sjbthchg ky tah ijw&pmss bìthr# Hsshct`miiy mc hgnh `s ’sfhmrhg‖ merjss twj i`chs sj tamtgur`cn g`spimy yju emccjt shh tah bièohr#

@cthri`ch tw`tthr emc kh shhc jc mcy g`spimy#

Xcbjrtucmthiy m prèh fust kh pm`g bjr tah khchb`ts jb [jw&\m`rUuffmt`jc# Wah bìthr gherhmshs v`ghj‐s vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc# Ajw fueaghtmì `s rhfjvhg: Wa`s vmiuh `s emiihg ’@cthrimeh Bmetjr‖ jr ’@cthrimehEjhbbè`hct#‖ Wah @cthrimeh Ejhbbè`hct `s mkjut <#>8 waèa fhmcs mc`cthrimehg semcchg =<1<&rjw EEG emc jutput jciy mkjut 1=<&i`chs jb hbbhet`vh vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc#

\rjnrhss`vh semcc`cn jbbhrs m =#<< @cthrimeh Ejhbbè`hct# Wahrhbjrh mcprjnrhss`vhiy semcchg =<1<&rjw shcsjr emc jutput up tj =<1<&i`chs jb hbbhet`vh vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc#

âhc ajwhvhr prjnrhss`vhiy semcchg shcsjrs mrh ushg tj nhchrmth`cthrimeh v`ghj ms tahy emc kh w`ta tah R=&BQ> tah s`tumt`jc `sg`bbhrhct# Wah R=&BQ> empturhs brmfhs mt 8<Az mcg 2<Az# Hmea brmfhy`higs jch b`hig jb `cthrimeh v`ghj# Wah rhsuit `s tah rhejrg`cn jb =<1<`8< mcg =<1<`2<#

âhc rucc`cn `c \rjnrhss`vh Fjgh mt 71Az 8<Az jr 2<Az hmeashcsjr rhmg&jut y`higs jch brmfh# âhc sajjt`cn =<1<p v`ghj hvhryjtahr brmfh `s g`semrghg tj nhchrmth =<1<p;7 =<1<p;8 mcg =<1<p5<rhejrg`cns#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ><

EFJU Uhcsjr Wheacjijny

EFJU @fmnhrs iòh EEGs mrh fmgh brjf sìèjc ajwhvhr ms tahcmfh `fpi`hs tah fmcubmetur`cn prjehss `s emiihg EFJU waèa stmcgsbjr Ejfpihfhctmry Fhtmi Jx`gh Uhfèjcguetjr# Wjgmy EFJU `s tah

fjst ejffjc fhtajg jb fmo`cn prjehssjrs mcg fhfjr`hs# WahrhbjrhEFJU `fmnhrs tmoh mgvmctmnh jb tah a`na&vjiufh prjehss mcg ejstmgvmcehfhcts erhmthg ky jtahr EFJU ghvèhs#

EFJU Hxpim`chg

Ijjo eijshiy mt tah ìiustrmt`jc khijw# Wah mrhm jb m p`xhi tamt ejiihetsi`nat `s tah ’pajtjg`jgh#‖ Wah mrhm jb tah pajtjg`jgh g`v`ghg ky tahp`xhi‐s tjtmi mrhm `s emiihg tah ’bìi&bmetjr#‖ M bìi&bmetjr jb ;8& tj 5<&phrehct `s ejffjc#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc >=

Fjst EFJU `fmnhrs tjgmy ush Met`vh \`xhi Uhcsjr theacjijny !M\U)waèa rhqu`rhs mt ihmst tarhh Wrmcs`stjrs tj `fpihfhct# !Wahsh mrhemiihg 5W ghvèhs#) Wah p`xhi bhmturhs4 m rhsht trmcs`stjr mc mfpi`b`hr trmcs`stjr mcg m rjw&shihet trmcs`stjr !Ejiufc Kus trmcs`stjr)#

Hmea empturh&eyeih khn`cs wahc m puish `s shct tj tah rhsht trmcs`stjrs`c m rjw tj prhpmrh tah pajtjg`jghs tj empturh i`nat# Wheacèmiiy tahrhsht khn`cs mc ’`cthnrmt`jc‖ phr`jg# Mbthr rhshtt`cn mii p`xhis `c m rjwtah mfjuct jb i`nat bmii`cn jc tah pajtjg`jgh‗jvhr t`fh‗ghthrf`chsajw fuea eamrnh meeufuimths `c tah \jthct`mi ^hii#

Hxpjsurh EjctrjiHxpjsurh t`fh W khn`cs wahc tah tjp rjw `s rhsht# Mii rhfm`c`cnrjws brjf tjp&tj&kjttjf mrh tahc shquhct`miiy rhsht# Wa`s jeeursjvhr T fìi`shejcgs#

Mt tah hcg jb tah sphe`b`hg hxpjsurh t`fh bjr hxmfpih =*2<ta shejcgshquhct`miiy brjf tjp&tj&kjttjf rjw&shihet trmcs`stjrs mrh sw`teahgjc ejcchet`cn hmea p`xhi‐s mfpi`b`hr trmcs`stjr tj `ts Ejiufc&kus# !Mea`p ams m ejiufc&kus ms yju wjuig hxphet bjr hvhry ea`p ejiufc#)Wah t`fh rhqu`rhg tj rjw&ky&rjw ejcchet mii rjws tj tah`r ejiufcs `s [

fìi`shejcgs#Wah `cthnrmt`jc phr`jg bjr m rjw hcgs wahc tah rjw&shihet trmcs`stjrsmrh sw`teahg jc# Wjtmi `fmnh hxpjsurh t`fh W hcgs wahc tah tjprjw‐s p`xhis mrh shihethg tj kh shct gjwc tah ea`p‐s ejiufcs#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc >;

Wa`s tjp&tj&kjttjf hxpjsurh systhf jphrmths fuea iòh m ’vhrtèmibjemi pimch‖ sautthr `c m 58ff emfhrm# Wah b`rst !rhg) eurtm`c `srhihmshg tj stmrt `ts gjwcwmrg trmvhi mt tah khn`cc`cn jb tah hxpjsurht`fh# Ms tah eurtm`c fjvhs gjwcwmrg tah bìf `s hxpjshg tj i`nat#

âhc tah b`rst eurtm`c ams ejfpihthg `ts trmvhi tah bìf brmfh `s buiiyhxpjshg# âhc tah hxpjsurh t`fh hcgs tah shejcg eurtm`c !nrhhc) `srhihmshg tj khn`c `ts gjwcwmrg trmvhi tj eijsh&jbb i`nat bmii`cn jc tahbìf#

[jii`cn Uautthr Mrt`bmet

Bìf emfhrm sautthrs jphc ![ ) mcg eijsh !U) vhry rmp`giy rhimt`vh tjfjghrmth hxpjsurh t`fhs !W)# Waus [ mcg U mrh typèmiiy vhry sfmiirhimt`vh tj W# Ajwhvhr mt vhry sajrt hxpjsurh t`fhs tah b`rst eurtm`cfmy cjt amvh trmvhihg bmr khbjrh tah shejcg eurtm`c stmrts eams`cn `tgjwc tah brmfh# M cmrrjw trmvhi`cn si`t bjrfhg ky tah nmp khtwhhctah twj eurtm`cs hxpjshs tah bìf# Wah si`t hxpjshs tah tjp jb tah bìfkhbjrh `t hxpjshs tah kjttjf jb tah bìf#

Wa`s khamv`jr jeeurs wahchvhr tah rmt`j khtwhhc W mcg U `s ijw#!Mssufh [ 6 U#) Waus wahc tah W * U rmt`j bmiis khijw =#< tahhxpjsurh `s jktm`chg ky m fjv`cn si`t#

âhc m sehch ejctm`cs i`ttih fjt`jc tah g`bbhrhceh `c t`fh khtwhhchxpjs`cn tah tjp mcg kjttjf jb m brmfh erhmths cj amrf# Ajwhvhrwahc tah sehch ejctm`cs fjt`jc tah t`fh g`bbhrhceh khtwhhc tah tjpmcg kjttjf hxpjsurh `s empturhg jc bìf# Wah si`t erhmths tah ’rjii`cnsautthr‖ mrt`bmet sajwc khijw#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc >5

^`ta EFJU&kmshg emfhrms tah smfh mrt`bmet `s erhmthg mt fjsthxpjsurh t`fhs khemush tah gurmt`jc jb U `s ucbjrtucmthiy qu`th ijcnkhemush `t tmohs m bm`r mfjuct jb t`fh tj rhmg&jut mii rjws brjf m ea`p#

@fmnh [hmg&jut

^ahc tah rjw&shihet trmcs`stjrs mrh sw`teahg jc `c hmea rjw hmeap`xhi‐s mfpi`b`hr trmcs`stjr ejcvhrts tah meeufuimthg eamrnh tj mvjitmnh tamt `s shct gjwc `ts ejiufc&kus wahrh `t `s `cput tj m Umfpih" Ajig e`reu`t tamt kr`hbiy stjrhs tah vjitmnh# !Wahrh `s m Umfpih " Ajigbjr hmea ejiufc#)

Chxt m shejcg eyeih `s phrbjrfhg jc tah shihethg rjw‗stmrt`cn w`ta mshejcg puish tj tah rhsht trmcs`stjrs# @ffhg`mthiy mii rjw&shihet trmcs`stjrs mrh sw`teahg jc ejcchet`cn hmea mfpi`b`hr trmcs`stjr tj `tsejiufc sj mii rjw p`xhi vjitmnhs mrh shct gjwc tj m sht jb J\!Jphrmt`jcmi) mfpi`b`hrs#

Wah shejcg sht jb s`ncmis fhmsurh hmea p`xhi‐s vjitmnh wahc cj i`natwms empturhg# @t `s m fhmsurh jb hmea p`xhi‐s `cahrhct gmro&eurrhctcj`sh# Wah b`rst sht jb vjitmnhs fhmsurh hmea p`xhi‐s cj`sh / s`ncmi #

Hmea mfpi`b`hr ams twj `cputs# Jch !f`cus) `cput cjw meehpts m s`ncmibrjf m ejiufc# Wah jtahr !pius) `cput cjw meehpts m s`ncmi brjf mUmfpih " Ajig mcg mggs tahf tjnhtahr# Hmea stjrhg gmro&eurrhctcj`sh vjitmnh `s tahrhky suktrmethg brjf hmea s`ncmi/cj`sh vjitmnhy`hig`cn m s`ncmi vjitmnh# Hmea mfpi`b`hr jutputs ta`s vjitmnh# Wa`ssysthf `s emiihg Ejrrhimthg Gjukih Umfpi`cn !EGU)#






Mii ejiufc s`ncmi vjitmnhs mrh tahc ijmghg `ctj mc mcmijn sa`bt rhn`sthrwahrh p`xhi `cbjrfmt`jc `s sa`bthg tj jutput pjrt!s)# @c ta`s ghs`ncmcmijn&tj&g`n`tmi !M*G) ejcvhrs`jc `s hxthrcmi tj tah EFJU ea`p# Wahg`mnrmf khijw sajws tah jphrmt`jc jb ta`s typh jb EFJU ea`p#

Wj ohhp EFJU rhmg&jut sphhgs a`na m ea`p‐s rhmg&jut eijeo rmth emckh `cerhmshg# Ajwhvhr tah a`nahr tah eijeo rmth tah fjrh pjwhr

ejcsufhg mcg tah fjrh ahmt tj kh g`ss`pmthg# Mc mithrcmth sjiut`jc `stj g`v`gh tah ea`p `ctj shet`jcs mcg rhmg&jut p`xhis brjf fuit`pihshet`jcs s`fuitmchjusiy# Wa`s rhqu`rhs fuit`pih jutput pjrts#

Wj s`nc`b`emctiy gherhmsh p`eturh cj`sh `cthrcmi mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmi !M*G)ejcvhrs`jc emc kh hfpijyhg# Ejcvhrs`jc emc jeeur khbjrh jr mbthr tahEGU e`reu`t# Wah bjrfhr `s fjrh ejfpihx ms `t rhqu`rhs gumi M*Gejcvhrthrs ms sajwc khijw# @c ta`s emsh cj`sh `s emcehihg `c tahg`n`tmi gjfm`c hxthrcmi tj tah EFJU ea`p#






âhc ejcvhrs`jc jeeurs mbthr tah EGU e`reu`t cj`sh `s emcehihg `c tahg`n`tmi gjfm`c w`ta`c tah EFJU ea`p#

Cj fmtthr m ea`p‐s rhmg&jut ghs`nc tah ’Uemc W`fh‖ tj jutput mii rjws!U) `s m s`nc`bèmct ejcehrc khemush `t ghthrf`chs tah ghnrhh jb tahrjii`cn sautthr mrt`bmet#

Ujcy HQFJ[ Wheacjijny Wah mfpi`b`hr bjr hmea ejiufc jutputs mc mcmijn s`ncmi !w`ta tah gmro&eurrhct cj`sh mtthcumthg) tj mc M*G ejcvhrthr# Wah ejcvhrthr jutputsm g`n`tmi vmiuh mijcn w`ta g`n`tmi s`ncmis brjf mii jtahr ejiufcs `ctj mg`n`tmi sa`bt rhn`sthr# HQFJ[ M*G&phr&ejiufc theacjijny cjt jciyrhguehs pèturh cj`sh ky f`c`f`z`cn tah ihcnta jb tah mcmijn s`ncmipmta‗kjta cj`sh mcg rhmg&jut sphhg mrh hcamcehg ky tah ush jb mg`n`tmi rmtahr tamc mc mcmijn sa`bt rhn`sthr# G`n`tmi vmiuhs emc kh jutputtarjuna m s`cnih pjrt‗jr bjr bmsthr jphrmt`jc tarjuna fuit`pih pjrts#

Rhrtèmi Ufhmr

EFJU shcsjrs ejfpmrhg tj EEGs amvh shvhrmi uc`quheamrmethr`stès# Fjst `fpjrtmctiy tahy `cahrhctiy amvh cj vhrtèmisfhmr#






Ujcy ’5EihmrR`g‖ Wheacjijny \r`fhr

Fjst EFJU `fmnhrs tjgmy ush Met`vh \`xhi Uhcsjr theacjijny !M\U)waèa rhqu`rhs mt ihmst tarhh trmcs`stjrs tj `fpihfhct# !Wahsh mrhemiihg 5W ghvèhs#) Wahrh `s cj rhmsjc tj khi`hvh EihmrR`g `s mcyg`bbhrhct# Ujcy ìiustrmths tah`r 5EihmrR`g theacjijny us`cn tah g`mnrmfkhijw#

@fmnh [hmg&jut

âhc m rjw `s jutput hmea hihfhct shcgs `t‐s s`ncmi gjwc `ts ejiufc&kus wahrh `t `s `cput tj m Umfpih " Ajig e`reu`t tamt kr`hbiy stjrhs tahvmiuh# !Wahrh `s m Umfpih " Ajig bjr hmea ejiufc#) Chxt m shejcgeyeih `s phrbjrfhg jc tah smfh rjw# @ffhg`mthiy mii rjw hihfhctsmrh shct gjwc tah ejiufcs# Wah shejcg sht jb vmiuhs fhmsurh hmeahihfhct‐s `cahrhct cj`sh# Wah b`rst sht jb vmiuhs fhmsurh hihfhct

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc >>

s`ncmi/cj`sh vmiuhs# Cjw tah cj`sh vmiuhs mrh suktrmethg brjfs`ncmi/cj`sh vmiuhs tj y`hig m rjw jb s`ncmi vmiuhs#

Wah jutput brjf m 5EihmrR`g ea`p `s mc mcmijn s`ncmi tamt `s ejcvhrthgtj m g`n`tmi ky m =7&k`t M&tj&G ejcvhrthr `c tah G`n`tmi hQthcghg\rjehssjr !GQ\)# Wah GQ\ ea`p ushs =7&k`t wjrgs bjr kmshkmcg s`ncmiprjehss`cn‗bjr hxmfpih cj`sh rhguet`jc#

[hmg EFJU Hihfhcts

Meejrg`cn tj Ujcy Dmpmc bjur hihfhcts‗brjf bjur ejiufcs‗mrh rhmgs`fuitmchjusiy brjf hmea EihmrR`g ea`p `ctj hmea jb tah H@\‐s tarhh ;&fìi`jc ehii kubbhrs# Ky jutputt`cn bjur hihfhcts mt m t`fh rhmg&jutsphhg `s `cerhmshg ky m bmetjr jb bjur tahrhky s`nc`bèmctiy rhgue`cntah EFJU rjii`cn&sautthr mrt`bmet#

Hmea bjur hihfhcts‗imkhihg M K E mcg G‗`c mc jgg paysèmi rjwmrh rhmg&jut s`fuitmchjusiy# Wa`s jeeurs =;< t`fhs‗merjss tahshcsjr‗bjr tah 71<&hihfhcts `c mc jgg rjw# Mii hihfhcts `c [jw = mrh

rhmg&jut khbjrh tah hihfhcts `c [jw ;#

Hmea bjur hihfhcts‗imkhihg ^ Q P mcg T‗`c mc hvhc paysèmi rjwmrh rhmg&jut s`fuitmchjusiy# Mnm`c ta`s jeeurs =;< t`fhs‗merjss tahshcsjr‗bjr tah 71<&hihfhcts `c mc hvhc rjw#

= ; 5 7 8 2 > 1

I= =M =K =E =G I; ;^ ;Q ;P ;T

I5 5M 5K 5E 5G I7 7^ 7Q 7P 7T

I8 8M 8K 8E 8G I2 2^ 2Q 2P 2T I> >M >K >E >G I1 1^ 1Q 1P 1T

Wah imst twj rjws tamt mrh rhmg&jut mrh [jws =<1< mcg =<1=#

I=<1< =<1<^ =<1<Q =<1<P =<1<T

I=<1= =<1=M =<1=K =<1=E =<1=G

Ujcy‐s 5EihmrR`g theacjijny `s t`natiy `cthnrmthg w`ta Ujcy‐s Hcamcehg@fmn`cn \rjehssjr !H@\)# Meejrg`cn tj Ujcy tah H@\ wjros mt=0;<x=<1< `c m 74;4; ejijrspmeh# Wah H@\ ams m ;&f`ii`jc&p`xhi kubbhrbjr hmea jb tah tarhh pr`fmry ejijrs# Ujcy‐s g`mnrmf khijw sajws ajwtah tarhh EFJU ea`ps bhhg `fmnh gmtm tj tah Hcamcehg @fmnh

\rjehssjr !H@\)#

Wrmg`t`jcmiiy wh ejcs`ghr mc `fmnh shcsjr tj kh tah ghvèh `c waèa mc`fmnh bjrfs mcg brjf waèa `t `s empturhg# Ajwhvhr hmea ;&fìi`jcehii H@\ kubbhr emc kh ejcs`ghrhg m ’R`rtumi Uhcsjr#‖

Wah prjehss ky waèa hmea EFJU shcsjr bìis mc H@\ kubbhr wmsghser`khg mkjvh# @t bìis hmea kubbhr w`ta = fìi`jc smfpihs‗ihmv`cnjch fìi`jc kubbhr ehiis hfpty#

@cthrpjimt`jc

@cthrpjimt`jc `s ushg tj bìi tah hfpty ehiis# Jceh `cthrpjimt`jc `sejfpihth tahrh mrh ; fìi`jc p`xhis `c hmea H@\ kubbhr#

@cthrpjimt`jc `s phrbjrfhg ky us`cn tah bjur mgdmehct EFJU smfpihs#Ujcy‐s g`mnrmf khijw sajws bjur hfpty ehiis !rhg gjts) tamt mrhbìihg ky us`cn tah bjur smfpihs !jphc e`reihs) jc mii s`ghs jb hfptyehiis# Wah rhsuit `s bjur emieuimthg p`xhis‗bìihg e`reihs#

M ;G B@[ !B`c`th @fpuish [hspjcsh) bìthr emc kh ushg tj phrbjrf tah`cthrpjimt`jc# âìh `cthrpjimt`jc emc gjukih tah cufkhr jb p`xhis `temccjt gjukih rhsjiut`jc#

Emfhrm \mrmfhthrs

EFJU [jw Ejuct

Bjr fjst kut cjt mii emfhrms tah cufkhr jb rjws jc `ts EFJU ea`psmrh hqumi tj tah cufkhr jb i`chs tamt wìi kh rhejrghg# Wahrhbjrh wh

wjuig hxphet `b m emfejrghr rhejrgs =<1<` v`ghj hmea ea`p wìi amvh=<1<&rjws#

EFJU Ejiufc Ejuct

Ms yju wjuig hxphet tah cufkhr jb ejiufcs ejctm`chg jc m shcsjrghthrf`chs tah ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc jb tah v`ghj tj kh rhejrghg#

Ajwhvhr tah rhimt`jcsa`p `s m cjt m s`fpih jch# Hmea shcsjr hihfhcttmohs jch smfpih brjf tah `fmnh prjdhethg jc tah ea`p ky tah ihcs#

Wah cufkhr jb ajr`zjctmi smfpihs prjv`ghg ky tah `fmnhr ghb`chs `tssmfpi`cn ’rmth#‖ Meejrg`cn tj tah Cyqu`st tahjrhf tahrh fust kh twjsmfpihs bjr hmea eyeih‗vhrtèmi i`ch&pm`r‗`c tah s`ncmi kh`cn g`n`t`zhg#

Wahrhbjrh tah smfpi`cn rmth‗emiihg tah Cyqu`st smfpi`cn brhquhcey‗fust kh twèh tah ghtmì brhquhcey# @b a`nahr brhquhce`hs‗b`chr ghtmì‗mrh g`n`t`zhg tahy wìi kh rhejrghg ms ijw brhquhce`hs emiihg mi`ms`cn#!Uhh Mi`ms`cn khijw#)

Wj prhvhct mi`ms`cn m ijw&pmss ’mct`&mi`ms`cn‖ bìthr `s pimehg `c tahmcmijn pmta khtwhhc tah shcsjr!s) mcg tah mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmiejcvhrthr!s)# U`ceh cj bìthr emc s`fpiy trucemth m s`ncmi hxmetiy mt tahCyqu`st brhquhcey‗tah bìthr eut&jbb brhquhcey fust kh sht mt m si`natiyijwhr pj`ct tahrhky emus`cn mc ucwmcthg ijss jb b`ch ghtmì#

Jb ejursh tah Cyqu`st eut&jbb brhquhcey fust kh `c kmimcehg w`ta tahrhejrg`cn kmcgw`gta# Wa`s kmimceh emc kh v`hwhg `c tah ejcthxt jb tahrmt`j jb empturh !shcsjr) rhsjiut`jc mcg rhejrg`cn rhsjiut`jc# Ujfh=<1<` emfejrghrs amvh m =#554= rmt`j khemush tahy hfpijy ea`ps w`ta=0;<&p`xhis mcg rhejrg jciy =77<&p`xhis# Jtahr =<1<` emfejrghrsamvh jciy m <#2>4= rmt`j khemush tahy ush shcsjrs w`ta jciy 02<&p`xhis# !Eurrhct >;<p emfejrghrs amvh m =4= jr si`natiy a`nahr rmt`j#)

âhc tah rmt`j `s ihss tamc =4= tah shcsjrs mrh i`f`t`cn tah mfjuct jb

b`ch ghtmì tamt emc kh empturhg mcg rhejrghg# Ajwhvhr ucihss m v`ghjs`ncmi‐s kmcgw`gta `s i`f`thg tj tah rhejrg`cn kmcgw`gta khbjrhrhejrg`cn‗mi`ms`cn wìi kh nhchrmthg gur`cn rhejrg`cn# Waus tahjpt`fmi rmt`j `s =4=‗jr si`natiy a`nahr#






Mi`ms`cn

Mi`ms`cn mpphmrs `c fmcy bjrfs#

Utm`r&sthpp`cn

Utm`r&sthpp`cn `s v`s`kih jc g`mnjcmis mcg `s vhry mccjy`cn yht vhryejffjc#






Kmrkhr \jih

Pju wìi ta`s mi`ms`cn mrt`bmet jc kjta taèo mcg ta`c ajr`zjctmi mcgvhrtèmi i`chs#

@cthri`ch Ww`tthr

Ms m ajr`zjctmi amrg hgnh jr vhry b`ch i`ch h`tahr fjvhs up jr gjwc`c m b`xhg brmfh jr tah brmfh fjvhs up jr gjwc jr kjta? `t fmymithrcmthiy kh empturhg ky m rjw jb EFJU hihfhcts jr `t fmy bmiikhtwhhc rjws mcg cjt kh empturhg# Ms fjvhfhct jeeurs tah i`chmithrcmths khtwhhc kh`cn v`s`kih mcg `cv`s`kih# Wa`s `s emiihg ’`cthri`chtw`tthr‖ mcg `s emushg ky mc `cmghqumth vhrtèmi smfpi`cn rhsjiut`jc#

Mct`&mi`ms`cn Bìthrs

Wahrh mrh twj typhs jb mct`&mi`ms`cn bìthrs ushg `c v`ghj emfhrms# Jch`s khbjrh tah shcsjr!s) mcg jch `s mbthr tah shcsjr !s)#

Jptèmi Mct`&mi`ms`cn Bìthr

Mc jptèmi ijw&pmss bìthr fmy kh fjucthg `c brjct jb m shcsjr# @t rjiis&jbb b`ch ghtmì `c tah `fmnh khbjrh `t bmiis jc tah EFJU shcsjr tjprhvhct ejijr Fj`rà#

Hihetrèmi Mct`&mi`ms`cn Bìthr Mc hihetrèmi ijw&pmss bìthr `s pimehg `c tah mcmijn pmta khtwhhc tahshcsjr mcg tah mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmi ejcvhrthr# @t mets tj ohhp vhry b`chghtmì brjf kh`cn g`n`t`zhg# @b m ghs`nchr shts tah ijw&pmss bìthr tjja`na m rhsjiut`jc eamrt wìi sajw tah emfhrm amv`cn m a`na ajr`zjctmi

rhsjiut`jc# Ajwhvhr yju wìi shh ’stm`r&sthpp`cn‖ jc g`mnjcmi i`chs#Wahsh mrh mi`ms`cn mrt`bmets#

Ajr`zjctmi [hsjiut`jc

Hbbhet`vh ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc `s m bucet`jc jb shcsjr rhsjiut`jc

rhguehg ky kjta typhs jb mct`&mi`ms bìthrs# Wahrhbjrh wh sajuig cjthxphet rhejrghg ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc tj hqumi tah cufkhr jb shcsjrejiufcs#

Emfejrghr Fmroht`cn =<=

Pju chhg tj kh mwmrh tamt khemush ejfpmc`hs ocjw pjthct`mi kuyhrs wìibmvjr m a`na&rhsjiut`jc sphe`bèmt`jc tahy fmy k`ms tah`r rhsjiut`jc thst# Miitahy chhg tj gj `s rm`sh tah eut&jbb brhquhcey jb tah mct`&mi`ms`cn bìthrs#Wa`s jb ejursh wìi y`hig v`s`kih mi`ms`cn# !Uhh Mi`ms`cn mkjvh#)

Fmtea`cn Uhcsjrs tj tah [hejrg`cn Bjrfmt

Wypèmiiy tah ajr`zjctmi ejuct jb m emfhrm‐s shcsjr `s mkjut hqumi tjtah sphe`b`hg ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc jb tah rhejrg`cn bjrfmt# Bjrhxmfpih tah GR bjrfmt suppjrts tah rhejrg`cn jb >;< p`xhis# Jch emchxphet m EEG sajuig kh >;<x71<‗waèa jbbhrs 5782<< hbbhet`vh hihfhcts# !Cjt mii hihfhcts jc m EEG mrh ushg sj jch wjuig b`cg sueam EEG fmrohthg ms jbbhr`cn mkjut 51<<<< p`xhis#)

@b Hihetrjcè @fmnh Utmkì`zmt`jc !H@U) `s hfpijyhg tah cufkhr jb EEG

p`xhis sajuig kh fuea a`nahr tj suppjrt H@U jphrmt`jc# Bjr hxmfpih87<<<<&p`xhis#

Xcghr&smfpi`cn

âhc tah shcsjr jbbhrs ihss rhsjiut`jc tamc tah rhejrg`cn bjrfmt tahctah shcsjr `s sm`g tj prjv`gh mc ’ucghr&smfpihg‖ `fmnh# Jkv`jusiy`fmnh qumi`ty wìi kh ijwhr tamc ghs`rhg# Wah R= mcg BQ> ucghr&smfpih tah =<1<` bjrfmt#

Jvhr&smfpi`cn

âhc tah shcsjr jbbhrs nrhmthr rhsjiut`jc tamc tah rhejrg`cn bjrfmttahc tah shcsjr `s sm`g tj prjv`gh mc ’jvhr&smfpihg‖ `fmnh#\rjbhss`jcmi UG emfejrghrs jbthc mrh jvhr&smfpihg# Bjr hxmfpih tahyush EEGs w`ta 8;<<<< hihfhcts# Uuea EEGs emc prjv`gh 02<ajr`zjctmi hihfhcts bjr m >;<&p`xhi i`ch w`gta#

Ajr`zjctmi \`xhi&sa`bt

âhc tarhh EEGs mrh p`xhi&tj&p`xhi mi`nchg tah fmx`fuf pjthct`miiuf`cmceh !K"^) rhsjiut`jc brjf tah EEGs `s hqumi tj tah p`xhi ejuctjb hmea shcsjr# Ky jbbshtt`cn tah Nrhhc EEGs jch&amib hihfhct spme`cnbrjf tah [hg mcg Kiuh EEGs mijcn tah ajr`zjctmi mx`s m sjureh jb

mgg`t`jcmi iuf`cmceh `cbjrfmt`jc `s erhmthg# Ky ejfk`c`cn jutput brjfmii tarhh shcsjrs ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc `s `cerhmshg up tj =8<&phrehctjc K"^ stmtè `fmnhs#

Ajr`zjctmi mcg Rhrtèmi \`xhi&sa`bt

@t `s pjss`kih tj jbbsht tah Nrhhc EEGs jch&amib hihfhct spme`cn brjftah [hg mcg Kiuh EEGs mijcn kjta ajr`zjctmi mcg vhrtèmi mxhs# Wa`s `stah p`xhi&sa`bt theac`quh ushg ky tah R=&BQ>#

Ky ejfk`c`cn jutput brjf mii tarhh EEGs kjta ajr`zjctmi mcg vhrtèmi

rhsjiut`jc `s `cerhmshg up tj =8<&phrehct jc K"^ stmtè `fmnhs#Cmturmiiy tamt ihmgs tj tah quhst`jc jb ajw rhmi `s tah hxtrm rhsjiut`jcjktm`chg ky us`cn p`xhi&sa`bt theacjijny# Wah ejfpihx mcswhr `s tamtw`ta p`xhi&sa`bt theacjijny tah hbbhet`vh rhsjiut`jc `s m bucet`jc jb tahejijrs tah ejijr pmtthrcs mcg tah fjt`jc jb jkdhets `c m sehch# Waheim`fhg `cerhmsh jb =#8Q `s bmr tjj nhchrjus# Wah typèmi vmiuh `s jciy==8&phrehct#

Wahrhbjrh waìh p`xhi&sa`bt `s m njjg sjiut`jc `t `s cjt ms njjg msus`cn a`nahr rhsjiut`jc EEGs# Ajwhvhr a`nahr rhsjiut`jc EEGstypèmiiy wìi jbbhr ihss i`nat shcs`t`v`ty sj ms w`ta mii msphets jb emfhrm

ghs`nc `cthii`nhct trmgh&jbbs fust kh fmgh#

Ohii Bmetjr

@c =057 [my Ohii wms wjro`cn w`ta ;7<&i`ch prjnrhss`vh v`ghj mt[EM# Ah cjthg tamt phreh`vhg vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc wms jciy 27&phrehctjb tah metumi g`spimyhg i`chs# !=057 `c \rjehhg`cns jb tah @cst`tuth jb

[mg`j Hcn`chhrs [EM Hcn`chhrs [#G# Ohii M#R# Khgbjrg mcg F# M#Wrm`chr#)

Wa`s cufkhr imthr rjucghg tj <#>< khemfh ocjwc ms tah Ohii Bmetjr#

Mitajuna Ohii wms us`cn mc mii hihetrjcè semcc`cn empturh mcg g`spimysysthf `t `s iòhiy tah g`spimyhg i`ch&w`gta wms taèo mcg cjt prhe`shiyi`chmr `c `ts trmvhi merjss tah serhhc# Xs`cn fjrh fjghrc hqu`pfhct `c=07< Ohii rhghb`chg tah vmiuh tj kh mpprjx`fmthiy <#18#

Wah hxpimcmt`jc bjr tah Ohii bmetjr i`hs `c tah bmet tamt wahchvhr mghvèh empturhs mc `fmnh rjw ky rjw `t `s vhrtèmiiy smfpi`cn tah

`fmnh# Wah hxmfpih `fmnh khijw `s ejfpjshg jb 1 mithrcmt`cn kimeomcg wa`th ajr`zjctmi i`chs#

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Bjr fmx`fuf ghtmì empturh wh mssufh tah 1 EEG rjws mrh mi`nchg

phrbhetiy w`ta tah hxmfpih `fmnh# Wah rhsuit `s tamt hvhry kimeo mcghvhry wa`th i`ch `s empturhg phrbhetiy# Wah hbbhet`vh vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc`s =<<&phrehct#

âmt ampphcs `b wh tìt tah emfhrm up jr gjwc ky jch&amib i`ch: Cjwhmea shcsjr hihfhct jktm`cs amib jb `ts `cput brjf jch kimeo i`ch waìhtah jtahr amib jb `ts `cput ejfhs brjf jch wa`th i`ch# Hmea hihfhctnhts mc hqumi f`x jb kimeo mcg wa`th mcg taus jutputs nrmy# Uugghciyhbbhet`vh rhsjiut`jc grjps tj <&phrehct ms sajwc khijw#

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Rhrtèmi Ohii

Khemush tah Ohii vmiuh ms ghser`khg mkjvh emc rmcnh brjf zhrj tj=#<‗jciy wahc m fhmsurh `s jktm`chg brjf fjt`jc v`ghj emc mcmvhrmnh vmiuh kh emieuimthg# Ghsp`th ta`s s`fpih hxpimcmt`jc jb tah Ohii

bmetjr tahrh mrh shvhrmi jtahr hxpimcmt`jcs4

=# Ohii `s tah rmt`j jb tah semc i`ch taèochss tj tah semc i`chspme`cn# Wa`s ejcehpt fmohs tah Ohii bmetjr ghphcghct jc tahtheacjijny kh`cn ushg# Meejrg`cn tj ta`s v`hw a`na&ghb`c`t`jcEEG theacjijny hcmkihs m Ohii bmetjr jb mifjst =#<<#

;# Ohii `s s`fpiy mcjtahr cmfh bjr tah @cthrimeh Bmetjr waèa `s tahijss jb rhsjiut`jc emushg ky tah hyh cjt kh`cn mkih tj shh kjtab`higs mt tah smfh t`fh# M Khii Imks stugy bjucg `cthrimeh v`ghjams 2<&phrehct ihss mppmrhct rhsjiut`jc tamc gjhs prjnrhss`vh

v`ghj# Meejrg`cniy tah Ohii bmetjr bjr prjnrhss`vh `s =#<#

Khemush Ohii rhv`shg a`s fhmsurh upwmrg kmshg upjc `fprjvhgtheacjijny `t `s iòhiy tamt EEG*EFJU kmshg emfhrms wìi amvh vmiuhsnrhmthr tamc a`s =07< fhmsurh jb <#18# Fjrhjvhr s`ceh tahfhmsurhfhct `s m bucet`jc jb aufmc phrehpt`jc `t‐s misj iòhiy tamtprjnrhss`vh semcc`cn wìi y`hig m fhmsurhg a`nahr Ohii vmiuh tamc wìi`cthrimeh semcc`cn#

Ajr`zjctmi Ohii

Fjst g`seuss`jcs jb tah Ohii bmetjr `cvjivh jciy hbbhet`vh vhrtèmirhsjiut`jc khemush Ohii wms fhmsur`cn vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc# Ajwhvhrtah ghnrhh tj waèa Ohii `s m bucet`jc jb tah g`serhth smfpi`cn jb ejct`cujus rhmi wjrig wahchvhr tah `fmnh `s fjv`cn `t misj mppi`hs tjajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc#

[hsjiut`jc Fmta Fjghi4 Wah rhsjiut`jc vmiuhs puki`sahg `c ta`sgjeufhct ejfh brjf m fmta fjghi @ amvh ghvhijphg tamt rhimths EEGrhsjiut`jc tj fhmsurhg gycmfè rhsjiut`jc# Wah fjghi hst`fmthsrhsjiut`jc jb thc eurrhct AG emfhrms w`ta mc mvhrmnh hrrjr jb ihss tamcjch p`xhi#

Wah bjiijw`cn Ohii Bmetjrs mrh hfpijyhg `c fy fjghi4

UG `cthrimeh vhrtèmi? <#18

UG `cthrimeh ajr`zjctmi? <#18

AG `cthrimeh vhrtèmi? <#1>

AG `cthrimeh ajr`zjctmi? <#1>

AG prjnrhss`vh vhrtèmi? <#08

AG prjnrhss`vh ajr`zjctmi? <#08

R`ghj `s ghb`chg tj kh ’`cthrimeh‖ jr ’prjnrhss`vh‖ kmshg upjc tah typh jbshcsjr semcc`cn utì`zhg‗hxehpt wahrh `cthrimehg v`ghj `s ghr`vhg brjfprjnrhss`vh semcc`cn jr wahrh `cthrimehg v`ghj `s gh`cthrimehg tj nhchrmthprjnrhss`vh v`ghj#

@cthrimeh Ejhbbè`hct? <#>8

Ajr`zjctmi Nrhhc&sa`bt bmetjr? =#=8

Pju fust gj fjrh tamc fuit`piy ajr`zjctmi smfpihs ky <#1> !`cthrimeh)jr <#08 !prjnrhss`vh)# Wj miijw tah ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc tj khfhmc`cnbuiiy ejfpmrhg tj vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc yju fust bmetjr `c tah`fmnh msphet&rmt`j#

@fmnh Msphet&[mt`j4 >;;<) >;;14= !=240)#

CWUE mcg \MI mii amvh mc `fmnh msphet&rmt`j jb =#554= !745)#

^h gj ta`s ky g`v`g`cn tah prjguet jb hbbhet`vh smfpih ejuct mcg tahOhii bmetjr ky tah ghe`fmi hqu`vmihct jb tah `fmnh‐s msphet&rmt`j# Bjr

hxmfpih bjr >;<p4 !=;1< x #08) þ =#>1 y`higs 217&WRI*pa !WR I`chsphr \èturh Ah`nat) jb hbbhet`vh ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc#

Wah Wmkih khijw sajws hst`fmthg hbbhet`vh ajr`zjctmi mcg vhrtèmirhsjiut`jc bjr jch >;<p emfejrghr mcg twj =<1<` emfejrghrs# Phiijwehiis ejctm`c hst`fmths jb rhmi&wjrig phrbjrfmceh# Wahsh hst`fmthsfmtea fhmsurhs jktm`chg brjf gycmfè rhsjiut`jc fhmsurhs# !Wah

emfhrm `s phrturkhg `c m nhctih e`reuimr fjt`jc tamt f`c`f`zhs tahejctr`kut`jc jb p`xhi&sa`bt mcg `cthrpjimt`jc#)

DRE \rjAG Ujcy T=*BQ= Ujcy R=*BQ>

BjrfmtUmfpihs

=;1< =77< =77<

EEG Ejiufcs =;1< 02< 02<

Fuit`piy ky Nrhhc&sa`bt =#=8

Fuit`piy kyA# ’Bmetjr‖

<#28

A# \`xhis 2;7

A# \`xhis =;1< ==<7 02< / 2;7 6 =817

Fuit`piy ky OhiiBmetjr

<#08 <#1> <# 1>

G`v`gh ky Msphet&rmt`j

=#>1 =#>1 =#>1

Hbbhet`vhAjr`zjctmi[hsjiut`jc

WRI*pa

≁ 218 ≁ 87< ≁ >>7

BjrfmtUmfpihs

>;< =<1< =<1<

;7p*5<p*2;< =<1< 87<

Fuit`piy ky@cthrimeh

Ejhbb`e`hct<#>8

Fuit`piy kyR# ’Bmetjr‖

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R# \`xhis 58<

Brmfh I`chs >;< 1=< 87< / 58< 6 10<

B`hig I`chs 7<8

Fuit`piy us`cn;G B@[

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Hbbhet`vh I`chs >;< 82> 1=< 10<

Fuit`piy ky Ohii

Bmetjr <#08 <#08 <#1> <#1>

Hbbhet`vh Rhrt`emi[hsjiut`jc

WRI≁ 218 ≁ 87< ≁ ><8 ≁ >>8






Hbbhet`vh ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc emc kh fhmsurhg ky rhejrg`cn m stmtè`fmnh jb m K"^ thst eamrt mcg tahc v`sumiiy hst`fmt`cn tah cufkhr jb WRI*pa tamt mrh v`s`kih `c tah vhrtèmi whgnhs `c tah eamrt sajwc `cB`nurh 7#=# !Wah thst rhqu`rhs tah g`spimy ghvèh amv`cn a`nahrrhsjiut`jc tamc tah s`ncmi kh`cn fhmsurhg#)

B`nurh 7#=4 @cgustry Utmcgmrg [hsjiut`jc Eamrt

Wah a`nahst i`ch ejuct mt tah pj`ct wahrh tah whgnh i`chs kiur tj nrmy`s tah fhmsurh jb ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc#

Wah rhsjiut`jc thst `s sukdhet`vh# Aufmcs fmoh m dugnfhct jb tahpj`ct jb wahrh tah vhrtèmi i`chs khn`c tj kiur tjnhtahr# Iòhw`shaufmcs fmoh m dugnfhct jb tah pj`ct jb wahrh tah i`chs khejfh mnrmy kiur# Pju emc shh kjta pj`cts `c B`nurh 7#7 tamt sajws tahshwhgnhs `c ghtmì#

@t `s misj m aufmc ghe`s`jc tj ghb`ch tah rhsjiut`jc i`f`t tj kh tah pj`ctwahrh kiur ’khn`cs‖ jr wahrh `t khejfhs ’shvhrh#‖

Bjr tahsh rhmsjcs wh sajuig cjt hxphet tah vmiuhs `c tah Wmkih mkjvhtj prhe`shiy prhgèt fhmsurhg rhsjiut`jc#

Fjguimt`jc Wrmcsbhr Bucet`jc

@t `s mii tjj ejffjc bjr bjios tj ejfpmrh emfhrms ky us`cn h`tahr jr kjtashcsjr mcg*jr rhejrg`cn rhsjiut`jc sphe`bèmt`jcs# Ms wh amvh ihmrchgtahrh m fmcy bmetjrs tamt mbbhet mppmrhct samrpchss# Wahrh `s mc

mgg`t`jcmi bmetjr‗jch tamt shts m i`f`t jb ajw samrp m pèturh emc ijjo#Wa`s `s Fjguimt`jc Wrmcsbhr Bucet`jc !FWB)# U`fpiy put tah ’mppmrhctsamrpchss‖ jb mc `fmnh rhqu`rhs tamt ejctrmst rhfm`c a`na‗`c kjta ihcsmcg emfhrm‗ms `fmnh ghtmì khejfhs `cerhms`cniy b`ch#

@c jtahr wjrgs `t gjhs cj njjg tj amvh a`na rhsjiut`jc `b tah ejctrmstkhtwhhc kimeo mcg wa`th `s nrhmtiy g`f`c`sahg# Bjr hxmfpih `b twj i`chsmrh s`gh ky s`gh mcg jch `s 2<&phrehct nrmy mcg tah jtahr `s 7<&phrehctnrmy yjur hyhs fmy shh tahf ms m s`cnih w`gh 8<&phrehct nrmy i`ch# Wausmppmrhct rhsjiut`jc `s eut `c amib# Wj mea`hvh m a`na FWB rhqu`rhs vhrya`na qumi`ty mcg taus vhry hxphcs`vh ejfpjchcts#

Wa`co jb m Fjguimt`jc Wrmcsbhr Bucet`jc !FWB) ms m brhquhcey rhspjcsheurvh# Wah P&mx`s rucs brjf ijw !kjttjf) tj a`na !tjp)# [hsjiut`jc rucs ihbttj r`nat mcg `s fhmsurhg `c WRI*pa#

Cjth tah FWB eurvh ’sajuighr‖ stmrts a`na mcg rjiis jbb tj m ijcn ijw+bjjt#+ M ihcs bjr mc UG emfhrm ams m fmro jc tah rhsjiut`jc i`ch mt 7<<&WRI*pa# M ihcs bjr mc AG ihcs tj kh ushg jc m emfhrm w`ta =0;<x=<1<EEGs ams m fmro mt 1><&WRI*pa# Wamt `s twèh ms a`na‗sj `t `s cj wjcghr

AG ihcshs mrh hxphcs`vh# Ajwhvhr bjr =;1<x>;< AG‗tah fmro `s jciy mt85<&WRI*pa#

Wah khtthr tah ihcs tah a`nahr tah eurvh `s jvhr tah mpprjpr`mth fmro# Wa`sihmgs tj tarhh ejceius`jcs4 B`rst tahrh `s m aunh g`bbhrhceh !ejst) bjr mcAG ihcs tamt ams m eurvh tamt.s a`na jvhr tah 1>< WRI fmro mcg m ihcs

tamt `s a`na jvhr tah UG 7<< WRI fmro#

Uhejcg ihcs ghs`nchg tj ohhp tah eurvh jvhr tah 1>< WRI fmro a`na‗wìi metumiiy amvh nrhmthr samrpchss mt tah 85< WRI fmro#

Wa`rg tahrh `s m jciy m sfmii g`bbhrhceh !ejst) khtwhhc m ihcs tamt ams mceurvh tamt.s a`na jvhr tah 85< WRI fmro mcg m ihcs tamt `s a`na jvhr tah

7<< WRI fmro# Waus mc AG =;1<x>;< emfhrm emc wjro whii w`ta m ihcstamt `s s`fpiy si`natiy khtthr tamc mc UG ihcs#

R`ghj Brhquhcey [hspjcsh

Wah nrmpa khijw sajws tah ajr`zjctmi brhquhcey rhspjcsh jb Ujcy‐sAR[&T= emfejrghr jktm`chg w`ta tarhh g`bbhrhct Uamrpchss shtt`cns#Wah rhg eurvh wms jktm`chg w`ta Uamrpchss sht mt F`c`fuf waìh tahkiuh eurvh wms jktm`chg w`ta Uamrpchss sht mrt Fmx`fuf# Wah nrhhceurvh wms jktm`chg mt tah f`g&pj`ct !Cjrfmi) Uamrpchss shtt`cn#

Wah nrmpa khijw sajws tah vhrtèmi brhquhcey rhspjcsh jb Ujcy‐s AR[&T= emfejrghr mnm`c jktm`chg mt tah smfh tarhh Uamrpchss shtt`cns#

M =<1<` AGR emfhrm‐s brhquhcey rhspjcsh eurvh `ghmiiy sajuig kh bimtjut tj =77<&i`chs ajr`zjctmiiy mcg 1=<&i`chs vhrtèmiiy# Wah strjcnhrtah s`ncmi mt =77<&*1=<&i`chs tah fjrh b`ch ghtmì suea ms trhhihmvhs wìi kh eihmriy v`s`kih `c w`gh sajts#

Ms yju emc shh brjf tah KKE g`mnrmfs mkjvh ms yju ijwhr Uamrpchsskhijw Cjrfmi yju ijsh kjta fhgùf mcg b`ch ghtmì# Ejcvhrshiy msyju rm`sh Uamrpchss mkjvh Cjrfmi‗waìh b`ch ghtmì `s hcamcehgejursh ghtmì wìi kh jvhr&hfpams`zhg mcg tah pèturh wìi khejfh ’hgny#‖ Wah emfhrm‐s Cjrfmi shtt`cn `s usumiiy jpt`fmi#

Ms tah s`ncmi `s kjjsthg tahrh mrh bjur s`gh&hbbhets4 i`ch&tw`tthr mi`ms`cnwìi khejfh fjrh v`s`kih jtahr bjrfs jb mi`ms`cn wìi khejfh fjrhv`s`kih !shh Mi`ms`cn mkjvh) cj`sh wìi misj khejfh fjrh v`s`kih mcg ’hgnh r`cn`cn‖ !shh Hgnh [`cn`cn khijw) wìi `cerhmsh# !Wa`s fmy jrfmy cjt kh ghs`rmkih#)

R`ghj Dugghr

Hvhr s`ceh \mcmsjcè `ctrjguehg `ts GRQ=<<‗tah b`rst ijw&ejstemfejrghr tamt sajjts ;7bps‗sjfh bjios amvh shcshg tamt sjfh v`ghjemfhrms rhejrg ;7p v`ghj tamt ams fjrh dugghr tamc gjhs bìf#

Wah rhmsjc bjr ta`s phrehpt`jc emc kh bjucg `c m KKE gjeufhct!www#kke#ej#uo*rg*puks*wap*wap&pgb&bìhs*Â\<85#pgb )# Wahgjeufhct stmths ’Dugghr `s `chv`tmkih `c mcy g`spimy systhf tamt sajwssjureh `fmnhs fjrh tamc jceh _ms `s chehssmry w`ta ijw thfpjrmi rmth

v`ghj tj prhvhct bièohrV kut tah phrehpt`jc jb `t ghphcgs jc tahsamrpchss jb tah `fmnhs#‖ Mcg ’Wah samrpchss jb jkdhet hgnhs `sejctrjiihg ky tah systhf FWB…#‖

Wah gjeufhct njhs jc tj smy ’Ky ejfpmr`sjc _w`ta bìfV v`ghjemfhrms fm`ctm`c tah`r brhquhcey rhspjcsh … `c tah f`ggih brhquhceyrmcnh …#‖ Mcg ’@t `s ta`s g`bbhrhceh tah f`ggih&brhquhcey `fmnhejcthct tamt gjf`cmths tah phrehpt`jc jb `fmnh dugghr … mcg `s tahrhmsjc way v`ghj&sjurehg `fmnhs mrh jbthc ejcs`ghrhg tj dugghr fjrhtamc gjhs bìf#‖






Ihcs FWB

Fmcy prj sajjthrs kuy jr rhct hxphcs`vh ihcshs tamt amvh mc hxthcghgFWB tamt trmcsf`t `fmnhs w`ta ijts jb b`ch ghtmì# Wah prhshceh jb b`chghtmì erhmths m kmimceh tj tah prhshceh jb f`g&brhquhcey ghtmì tamtrhprhshcts jkdhet hgnhs# @chxphcs`vh ihcshs pmss jciy tah f`g&

brhquhcey‗hgnh‗ghtmì# Wah khtthr m ihcs tah nrhmthr tah systhf FWB#

EEG FWB

Wahrh `s m bucgmfhctmi g`bbhrhceh khtwhhc bìf mcg v`ghj emfhrms#Bìf ams m bm`riy bimt brhquhcey rhspjcsh ms sajwc khijw#

G`n`tmi v`ghj emfhrms ajwhvhr smfpih tah `fmnh# Wj prhvhctmi`ms`cn m ijw&pmss mct`&mi`ms`cn bìthr `s pimehg `c tah mcmijn pmtakhtwhhc tah shcsjr!s) mcg tah mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmi ejcvhrthr!s)# U`ceh cjbìthr emc s`fpiy trucemth m s`ncmi hxmetiy mt tah Cyqu`st brhquhcey‗tah bìthr eut&jbb brhquhcey fust kh sht mt m ijwhr pj`ct tahrhkyemus`cn m ijss jb b`ch ghtmì# Wah fjrh sjpa`stèmthg‗rhmg hxphcs`vh‗tah sthhphr tah bìthr‐s sijph mcg tah ihss b`ch ghtmì fust kh rhfjvhg

mcg tahrhbjrh tah a`nahr tah systhf FWB#Wah eamrt khijw seahfmtèmiiy sajws tah tahjrhtèmi kmcgw`gta jb bìf!kiuh) tah brhquhcey rhspjcsh jb mc hxphcs`vh AG emfhrm !nrhhc)tamt ams m a`na FWB mcg tah rhspjcsh jb m ijw&ejst AG emfhrm !rhg)w`ta m ijw FWB#






Ms sajwc mkjvh m ijw FWB emfejrghr empturhs i`ttih b`ch ghtm`i# Wahsjiut`jc sajwc khijw `s tj ’hqumi`zh‖ tah emfhrm‐s brhquhceyrhspjcsh ky kjjst`cn tah f`g&brhquhce`hs#

Wa`s `s emiihg ’mphrturh ejrrhet`jc‖ mcg emc kh mgdusthg tj sjfhghnrhh ky tah emfhrm‐s Uamrpchss ejctrji#

âìh sjfh b`ch ghtmì `s rhstjrhg ky mphrturh ejrrhet`jc hgnhsamrpchss `s misj s`nc`bèmctiy `cerhmshg# Khemush fjv`cn hgnhs emrry dugghr‗dugghr `s misj mfpi`b`hg# !Kmeonrjucg dugghr jb ejursh `s misjmfpi`b`hg ky tah aunh Ghpta&jb&B`hig prjguehg ky emfejrghrs tamthfpijy t`cy `fmnh shcsjrs#)

@t `s cjt pjss`kih tj sjivh ta`s prjkihf‗ms fmcy try‗ky s`fpiy eutt`cnUamrpchss tj tah f`c`fuf ms ta`s rhsuits `c m shvhrh ijss jb b`chghtmì#

Jch jpt`jc tamt emc rhgueh phreh`vhg dugghr `s tj gherhmsh sautthr&sphhg tj ;=2&ghnrhhs brjf =1<&ghnrhhs tahrhky `cerhms`cn fjt`jckiur tamt si`natiy sjbthcs tah hgnhs jb fjv`cn jkdhets#

Mcjtahr jpt`jc `s tj sajjt =<1<`2<*5<p wahrh tah a`nahr brmfh&rmth`cahrhctiy rhguehs dugghr# Jtahr mgvmctmnhs jb 5<p mrh cjt jciy mrhcj sphe`mi empturh bucet`jcs rhqu`rhg‗suea ms puiigjwc rhfjvmi‗yjuemc hg`t `c h`tahr m 5<p jr 2<` t`fhi`ch# Wahrhbjrh ucihss yju pimc tjejcvhrt tj bìf sajjt`cn =<1<`2<*5<p‗w`ta `ts fjghrmthiy ijwthfpjrmi rmth‗`s m nrhmt jpt`jc#






Hgnh Hcamcehfhct

H`tahr jr kjta ajr`zjctmi mcg vhrtèmi hgnhs emc kh mithrhg tjgherhmsh jr `cerhmsh mppmrhct `fmnh samrpchss# Wj `cerhmsh mppmrhctsamrpchss wahc mc hgnh `s kimeo `t `s juti`chg `c wa`th tj fmoh tahhgnh fjrh g`st`cet# @b mc hgnh `s kimeo `t `s juti`chg `c wa`th# Wa`s `semiihg Hgnh Hcamcehfhct#

âìh ta`s gjhs fmoh jkdhets mpphmr fjrh g`st`cet tah s`gh hbbhet `shxtrm cjc&rhmi ghtmì `c tah pèturh# Wahsh ghtmìs mrh mrt`bmets# Wahymrh hsphe`miiy cjtèhmkih wahc v`ghj `s ejcvhrthg tj bìf#

Wah Hgnh Hcamcehfhct mgdustfhct `s fmgh w`ta tah ’Ghtmì‖ jr ’Uamrpchss‖ ejctrji#

Ñ Uamrpchss‗mgdust kjta ajr`zjctmi mcg vhrtèmi hgnhs#

Ñ Rhrtèmi Uamrpchss‗mithrs tah hgnhs jb ajr`zjctmi i`chs#

Ñ Ajr`zjctmi Uamrpchss‗ mithrs tah hgnhs jb vhrtèmi i`chs#

Ujfh emfhrms prjv`gh twj ejctrjis4 Uamrpchss mcg Ghtmì# @c ta`semsh tah Uamrpchss ejctrji mithrs tah hgnhs jb jkdhets !f`g&brhquhce`hs) waìh tah Ghtmì ejctrji `cerhmshs jr gherhmshs tahmfjuct jb b`ch ghtmì !a`na&brhquhce`hs#)

Hgnh hcamcehfhct `cerhmshs ms tah Uamrpchss ejctrji kjjsts tah f`g&brhquhce`hs# Wahrhbjrh `b yju try tj rhfjvh hgnh hcamcehfhct ky

shtt`cn Uamrpchss ejctrji tj zhrj kjta ejursh mcg b`ch ghtmì wìi khijst# @b yju pimc tj trmcsbhr tj bìf ta`s rhsuit `s cjt wamt yju chhg#[mtahr mgdust Uamrpchss tj rhgueh tah jkdhet`jcmkih juti`chs ms fueams pjss`kih waìh cjt sjbthc`cn tah `fmnh#

Hgnh [`cn`cn

Wah KKE g`mnrmf khijw sajws tah wmvhbjrf jb m trmcs`t`jc brjf nrmy&tj&wa`th !tah sthp&up) mcg wa`th&tarjuna&nrmy&tj&kimeo !tah sthpgjwc)# @b tah stmrt mcg hcg jb hmea sthp mrh rjucghg !m Uamrpchssshtt`cn jb ’=‖) jkdhet hgnhs wìi kh vhry sjbt# Ejcvhrshiy mt m

Uamrpchss shtt`cn jb ’=2‖ hmea sthp khn`cs w`ta mc jvhrsajjt tjhxehss`vh wa`th jr hxehss`vh kimeo# Wah jvhrsajjt `s emiihg ’r`cn`cn#‖






Cjth tamt hmea sthp hcgs w`ta m si`natiy g`bbhrhct typh jb r`cn`cn#

Ihmg`cn r`cn`cn `s jpt`fmi w`ta Uamrpchss mt ’7‖ waìh trmì`cn r`cn`cn`s jpt`fmi w`ta Uamrpchss mt ’=;#‖ Wah f`g&pj`ct jb tahsh tj vmiuhs `s ’1‖ waèa `s tah emfhrm‐s Cjrfmi shtt`cn#

Uhcsjr U`zh

\jpuimr shcsjr s`zhs rmcnh brjf ;*5&`cea =*;&`cea =*5&`cea =*7&`cea=*8&`cea mcg =*2&`cea# Jvhr tah imst ghemghs tahrh ams khhc m trhcgtjwmrgs tah ush jb sfmii EEG mcg EFJU ea`ps‗mitajuna fjstprjbhss`jcmi emfhrms ejct`cuh tj hfpijy ;*5&`cea EEGs# Wahrh mrhshvhrmi mgvmctmnhs tj sfmii ea`ps#

Khemush shcsjrs mrh erhmthg jc rjucg sìèjc g`ses tah sfmiihr hmeaea`p tah nrhmthr cufkhr tamt emc kh fmcubmeturhg phr g`se# Wa`s eutsea`p ejst‗waìh jb ejursh misj `cerhms`cn tah fmcubmeturhr‐s prjb`t#Wah sfmiihr tah shcsjr tah sfmiihr mcg ihss hxphcs`vh tah jptès# Mcgjb ejursh m sfmii ihcs mcg sfmii shcsjr msshfkiy hcmkihs m fjrhejfpmet emfhrm# Xcbjrtucmthiy tahrh mrh misj shvhrmi gjwcs`ghs tjsfmii shcsjrs#

G`bbrmet`jc @cthrbhrhceh

Ms yju stjp gjwc mc `r`s !mphrturh) jptèmi g`bbrmet`jc emushs b`chghtmì tj kiur mcg uit`fmthiy kh ijst# Wa`s hbbhet `s emiihg ’g`bbrmet`jc`cthrbhrhceh‖ mcg emc kh shhc wahc twj pj`cts jb i`nat pmss tarjunamc jptèmi systhf mcg mrh prjdhethg jc m kimco surbmeh# Hmea pj`cterhmths m g`bbrmet`jc pmtthrc emiihg mc ’M`ry‖ g`so !sajwc khijw)# Msijcn ms twj g`st`cet g`sos mrh v`s`kih `r`s s`zh `s cjt emus`cn m ijss jb ghtmì#

Meejrg`cn tj tah ’[myih`na er`thr`jc‖ twj ’M`ry‖ g`sos wìi kh shhc mstwj g`st`cet g`sos wahc tahy mrh mt ihmst amib tah`r g`mfhthr mpmrt# Amib tah g`mfhthr jb m g`so `s hqumi tj m g`so‐s rmgùs# Wah rmgùs jb mc M`ryg`so `s =#;; t`fhs tah wmvhihcnta jb i`nat hcthr`cn m ihcs t`fhs tah b&stjp jb tah ihcs#

B&stjp `s tah rmt`j jb bjemi ihcnta mcg `r`s g`mfhthr# Bjr hxmfpih m

=<ff g`mfhthr mphrturh jc m 1<ff ihcs `s b*1# Ms m rmt`j `t `s`cghphcghct jb tah metumi bjemi ihcnta mcg metumi mphrturh s`zh#

Wahrhbjrh tah mkì`ty jb tah `fmnh shcsjr tj g`ser`f`cmth ghtmìsghphcgs jc kjta ghtmì ejijr mcg tah b&stjp mt waèa yju amvh sht tahemfhrm‐s ihcs#

^`ta =*7&`cea !<#;8&`cea) = fhnmp`xhi shcsjrs [hg ghtmìs wìi kheihmr tj b*8#2 waìh Nrhhc ghtmìs wìi kh eihmr tj b*7# Kiuh ghtmìs wìikh eihmr tj b*;#1# @ghmiiy yju gj cjt wmct tj stjp gjwc burtahr tamcb*7 kut khemush tah mvmìmkih hxpjsurh rmcnh wìi kh tjj sfmii tah

f`c`fuf wìi chhg tj kh b*8#2#Ghpta&jb&B`hig

âhc yju bjeus jc m bimt jkdhet iòh m s`nc tahrh `s m rmcnh `c brjct jb tah s`nc mcg kha`cg tah s`nc `c waèa jtahr s`ncs wìi kh `c bjeus# Wa`srmcnh `s emiihg Ghpta&jb&B`hig !GJB)# M imrnh jr sfmii Ghpta&jb&b`hig `sch`tahr `cahrhctiy njjg cjr kmg# @t mii ghphcgs jc yjur chhgs#

@c fmcy emshs hsphe`miiy bjr bìffmo`cn tah g`rhetjr wmcts m vhrysamiijw Ghpta&jb&b`hig waèa ohhps kmeonrjucg ghtmì jut jb bjeus#

R`ghjnrmpahrs typèmiiy wmct m imrnh Ghpta&jb&b`hig khemush `t fmohsbjeus`cn ihss er`tèmi khemush `t ihts yju ohhp tah ghpta jb mc hct`rhsehch `c bjeus# Ghpta&jb&B`hig `s gherhmshg wahc tah `r`s !mphrturh) `sjphchg h#n# tjwmrg b*=#2# Ajwhvhr `fmnh qumi`ty emc subbhr `b tah`r`s `s buiiy jphchg# !Uhh @fmnh Ghnrmgmt`jc mt Fmx`fuf






Mphrturh khijw#) Ghpta&jb&B`hig `s misj gherhmshg ky sajjt`cn w`tatah ihcs zjjfhg tj buii thihpajtj#

Ajwhvhr tah pr`fh ghthrf`chr jb Ghpta&jb&B`hig `s tah s`zh jb tahshcsjr# Wah sfmiihr tah shcsjr tah nrhmthr tah Ghpta&jb&B`hig# Bjr ta`srhmsjc fmcy bìffmohrs gj cjt iòh tj ush emfhrms w`ta shcsjrs tamtfhmsurh ihss tamc ;*5&`cea#

I`nat Uhcs`t`v`ty

Ms shcsjr s`zh khejfhs sfmiihr hcn`chhrs amvh m tjuna eajèh tjfmoh# H`tahr gherhmsh tah cufkhr jb hihfhcts mcg ohhp hihfhct s`zhejcstmct jr `cerhmsh hihfhct ejuct mcg gherhmsh hihfhct s`zh#Eihmriy AG shcsjrs fust eajjsh tah imtthr pmta#

Hmea shcsjr hihfhct nmtahrs m t`cy pjrt`jc jb tah i`nat brjf tah`fmnh# Wah sfmiihr mc hihfhct tah ijwhr tah mkì`ty mc hihfhct ams tj

nmtahr pajtjcs# Wahrhbjrh ms EEG mcg EFJU ghcs`ty `s `cerhmshgshcsjr i`nat shcs`t`v`ty gherhmshs# Wahrhbjrh wh sajuig cjt khsurpr`shg tj b`cg AG emfhrms jbbhr`cn ihss shcs`t`v`ty tamc UG emfhrms#

Jb ejursh mgvmcehs `c theacjijny emc misj `cerhmsh shcsjr shcs`t`v`ty#Jch suea theacjijny `s tah pimehfhct jb fèrj&ihcshs jvhr hmeashcsjr hihfhct# Xcbjrtucmthiy hmea ihcs emc erhmth purpih nijw!amimt`jc) brjf Ijcn`tug`cmi !jr mx`mi) Earjfmtè Mkhrrmt`jc#

@fmnh Ghnrmgmt`jc mt Fmx`fuf Mphrturh

@fmnh qumi`ty emc subbhr brjf i`nat bmii&jbb? ejrchr sjbthc`cn? mcgIjcn`tug`cmi !jr mx`mi) Earjfmtè Mkhrrmt`jc !`c tah bjrf jb m purpihnijw mrjucg jkdhets) wahc sajjt`cn w`gh jphc# Wahrhbjrh tah `ghmimphrturh shtt`cn typèmiiy `s sfmiihr tamc b*;#1# âèa fhmcs tahnrhmthr tah EEG jr EFJU shcs`t`v`ty tah ihss chhg tj ush fmx`fufmphrturh shtt`cns#

Imthrmi Earjfmtè Mkhrrmt`jc

Imthrmi !jr Wrmcsvhrsh) Earjfmtè Mkhrrmt`jc `s g`bbhrhct brjfIjcn`tug`cmi Earjfmtè khemush `t `s cjt `cerhmshg jr gherhmshg ky

ihcs mphrturh# Imthrmi Earjfmtè Mkhrrmt`jc `s typèmiiy v`s`kih jc a`na&ejctrmst jkdhets ms fmnhctm juti`chs jch s`gh mcg nrhhc juti`chs jctah jtahr s`gh# Wah mkhrrmt`jc `s `cerhmshg mt ijcnhr bjemi ihcnta#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =<<

Imt`tugh

âhc kr`natchss gjukihs wh smy `t ams `cerhmshg ky jch B&stjp# Wahkr`natchss rmcnh jb m sehch tamt emc kh empturhg ky m emfhrm `sejcs`ghrhg m emfhrm‐s imt`tugh#

Chnmt`vh bìf stjeo emc rhejrg =5& tj =8&stjps jb i`nat# Waus wh smy58ff bìf jbbhrs mt ihmst =5&stjps jb imt`tugh# Wah chwhst mcg vhryhxphcs`vh ;*5&`cea shcsjr ea`ps ushg `c AG emfhrms mijcn w`ta tah`r ’w`gh&wjrg‖ GU\ prjehss`cn jbbhr m imt`tugh hqumi tj bìf#

Cmturmiiy wh wmct tah smfh imt`tugh rmcnh brjf AGR emfejrghrs#Eurrhct AGR emfejrghrs‗ghphcg`cn jc tah`r shtt`cns‗emc rhejrgmpprjx`fmthiy >&stjps us`cn m ’stmcgmrg v`ghj‖ nmffm eurvh# !UhhNmffm#) Ky us`cn tah ejrrhet shtt`cns imt`tugh emc kh hxthcghg tjmkjut =<&stjps ghphcg`cn jb ejursh jc tah emfhrm#

Chvhrtahihss wahc sjfh prjsufhr mcg chmriy `b cjt mii ejcsufhrAG emfejrghrs sajjt m vhry a`na&ejctrmst sehch `b hxpjsurh `smgdusthg tj ejrrhetiy hxpjsh m kr`nat soy ms sajwc `c B`nurh 7#;jtahr jkdhets wìi kh ucghr&hxpjshg#

B`nurh 7#;4 \hrbhet Uoy [hprjguet`jc

@c B`nurh 7#5‗jc tah ihbt g`spimy‗tah soy ghtmì sajwc `c B`nurh 7#;rhfm`cs ms `c B`nurh 7#5 khemush tah hxpjsurh ams cjt eamcnhg#Ajwhvhr mii ghtmì ams khhc ijst brjf tah kmeoi`t rhg krèo kuìg`cn#Fjrhjvhr tah wa`th emr‐s rjjb !ijwhr pjrt`jc jb tah sehch) ijjos iòh `tamg khhc sajt jc m vhry jvhremst gmy# Wah rhmi`ty jb tah sehch amskhhc ghstrjyhg#

Khijw tah f`ggih g`spimy `s m ^mvhbjrf Fjc`tjr sajw`cn tahf`c`fuf s`ncmi mt < @[H mcg tah fmx`fuf mt =<< @[H# Wah r`natg`spimy sajws m A`stjnrmf Fjc`tjr jb tah sehch# Cjth ajw fjst jb tahhchrny `s erjwghg tjwmrg tah ihbt `cgèmt`cn tamt fuea jb tah sehch `sucghr&hxpjshg‗hxmetiy wamt wh shh#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =<=

B`nurh 7#54 Krèo Kuìg`cn Bmeh Fhmsurhs mt ;1 @[H

âhc tah hxpjsurh `s ejrrhet bjr tah pubby eijugs tah krèo kuìg`cnfhmsurhs jciy ;1 @[H# B`nurh 7#7 ghfjcstrmths ajw tah kmeoi`t rhgkrèo kuìg`cn mcg tah wa`th emr ijjo `c ’rhmi`ty#‖

B`nurh 7#74 Krèo Kuìg`cn ^mii Fhmsurhs mt >5 @[H

Ky fhmsur`cn tah @[H vmiuh jb tah rhg kuìg`cn wahc tah sajt amskhhc ejrrhetiy hxpjshg bjr tah emr mcg kuìg`cn tah fhmsurhg s`ncmi

ihvhi bjr tah krèo kuìg`cn `s >5 @[H# Wamt `s m g`bbhrhceh jb 78 @[H#

Cjw iht‐s try jphc`cn tah @r`s uctì tah kuìg`cn ijjos `c tah v`hwb`cghrfjrh ms `t gjhs `c rhmi`ty# Mcg `cghhg tah s`ncmi ihvhi jb tah kuìg`cnwmii `cerhmshs tj 2< @[H ms sajwc `c B`nurh 7#8‗eijshr tj tah ejrrhetvmiuh jb >5 @[H#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =<;

B`nurh 7#84 Krèo Kuìg`cn Bmeh Fhmsurhs mt 2<@[H

Xcbjrtucmthiy ms yju emc shh mkjvh khemush jb `cmghqumth emfhrmimt`tugh tah soy a`nai`nats amvh kijwc&jut# U`fpiy put tah emfhrmchhgs hcjuna mgg`t`jcmi imt`tugh tj miijw tah =<< @[H s`ncmi tj khrhejrghg mt =78 @[H# Wamt wjuig rhqu`rh jvhr 7< @[H jb mgg`t`jcmiimt`tugh#

âhc wh smy wh chhg mkjut 7< @[H fjrh imt`tugh wh mrh mso`cn bjrmkjut ;&stjps fjrh imt`tugh# !M ’stjp‖ `s cjt m b`xhg cufkhr jb @[Huc`ts kut jvhr tah =<< @[H rmcnh tah mvhrmnh `s mkjut ;< @[H uc`ts#)

Rhry a`na&ejctrmst sehchs rhqu`rh m ejfprjf`sh hxpjsurh suea ms tamtsajwc `c B`nurh 7#2#

B`nurh 7#24 Krèo Kuìg`cn Fhmsurhs mt 72@[H

Wah krèo kuìg`cn mpphmrs ihss gmro waìh sjfh rhfcmcts rhfm`c jb tah kiuh soy# Wah bmeh jb tah kuìg`cn cjw fhmsurhs 72 @[H rmtahrtamc tah ejrrhet >5 @[H# Wamt‐s mpprjx`fmthiy =#8&stjps ijwhr#

✗ @b yju jwc m emfejrghr w`ta `cmghqumth imt`tugh mcg yju wmct tjsajjt us`cn MH? yju emc ush MH Ua`bt tj k`ms tah hxpjsurh ijwhr#

M*G mcg GU\ Imt`tugh

Mcjtahr sjureh jb kijwc a`nai`nats `s tah ush jb mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmiejcvhrthrs w`ta `csubbè`hct gycmfè rmcnh# Wah f`c`fuf meehptmkih

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =<5

smfpih s`zh `s =7&k`ts# @ghmiiy tah GU\ wjrg&ihcnta sajuig kh mt ihmst;&k`ts ijcnhr tamc tamt jb tah M*G#

Nmffm

^`tajut ghsehcg`cn `ctj hxehss`vh ghtmì ’nmffm‖ mithrs tah s`ncmi

`cput brjf tah shcsjr!s) tj jch tamt prjv`ghs m ghs`rhg ijjo# @t `s jchjb tah fjst `fpjrtmct sthps `c fmpp`cn sehch kr`natchss tj @[H s`ncmi#

Nmffm tmohs tah bjrf jb m rhimt`jc khtwhhc @cput !tah Q mx`s) mcgJutput !P mx`s)# Waus nmffm emc kh rhprhshcthg ky m eurvh# Wahs`fpihst eurvh tj v`sumi`zh `s jch tamt `s i`chmr mcg stmrts mt tah ijwhr&ihbt jb m nmffm eamrt mcg rucs tj tah upphr&r`nat jb tah eamrt# Uhh tahr`natfjst eurvh jb tah bjur nrmpas `c tah B`nurh 7#>#

B`nurh 7#>4 I`chmr Nmffm Eurvh

Bjr sjfh emfhrms jciy jch nmffm shtt`cn `s mvmìmkih# Ajwhvhremfejrghrs tamt mrh fjrh hxphcs`vh miijw yju tj shihet g`bbhrhctnmffm eurvhs#

âhc tah nmffm eurvh kjws khijw i`chmr nmffm f`g&samghs mrh

pusahg si`natiy gmrohr tahrhky prjv`g`cn kimeo&ejfprhss bjr `cerhmshg`fmnh ejctrmst# Uhh tah r`natfjst eurvh jb tah bjur nrmpas `c B`nurh7#1#






B`nurh 7#14 Gmrohc`cn Nmffm Eurvh

âhc m nmffm eurvh kjws mkjvh i`chmr nmffm f`g&samghs mrhpusahg si`natiy kr`nathr tahrhky prjv`g`cn kimeo&strhtea bjr gherhmshg`fmnh ejctrmst# Uhh tah r`natfjst eurvh jb tah bjur nrmpas `c tahB`nurh 7#0#

B`nurh 7#04 I`natc`cn Nmffm Eurvh

Wah tarhh pèturhs mkjvh mrh s`fuimt`jcs# âhc yju shh puki`sahgnmffm eurvhs bjr emfhrms tahy wìi ijjo vhry g`bbhrhct# Wah i`chmreurvh `c tah s`fuimt`jc wìi mpphmr kjwhg upwmrg #






Nmffm Eurvhs

Wah Nrmpa khijw sajws nmffm eurvhs brjf Ujcy‐s AR[&M= AGRemfejrghr# Wah M= miijws yju tj shihet brjf m sht jb nmffm eurvhs#

Kimeo Utrhtea Eurvh

Kimeo Utrhtea i`nathcs tah `fmnh# @t jciy sajuig mithr tah kjttjf

rmcnh‗cjt tah hct`rh i`nat rmcnh# Ky hcmki`cn Kimeo Utrhtea up tj =&stjp jb mgg`t`jcmi imt`tugh emc kh empturhg#

Kimeo Ejfprhss Eurvh

Kimeo Ejfprhss gmrohcs tah gmrohr samghs `c mc `fmnh# @t sajuig jciymithr tah kjttjf rmcnh‗cjt tah hct`rh i`nat rmcnh#

E`chfm Nmffm Eurvh

@b wh ijjo mt tah kjttjf&hcg jb tah eurvh wh emc shh m fmdjrg`bbhrhceh khtwhhc bjur nmffm jpt`jcs#

Cjrfmi nmffm mcg ’E`ch =‖ mrh vhry s`fìmr# E`chfm Nmffm = jciysi`natiy erusahs gmrohr samghs# @t misj rhguehs imt`tugh ky mkjut =*;&stjp# Wa`s fjgh w`ta `ts si`natiy bimtthr nmffm eurvh phrbjrfs m k`tiòh rhvhrsmi !Hotmearjfh mcg Budèarjfh bìf) bìf stjeo# ![hvhrsmi

bìf y`higs m ’pjs`t`vh‖ `fmnh mbthr kh`cn ghvhijphg#)

’E`ch ;‖ erusahs tah gmrohr samghs mcg `c gj`cn sj `t rhguehs imt`tughky mifjst =#8&stjps# Wa`s fjgh w`ta `ts bimtthr nmffm eurvhphrbjrfs m k`t iòh chnmt`vh !h#n# R@U@JC; mcg HWH[CM) bìf stjeo#!Chnmt`vh bìf y`higs m tjcmiiy `cvhrthg ’chnmt`vh‖ `fmnh mbthr kh`cnghvhijphg#)

âmt `s m ’Ochh‖:

Wj `cerhmsh mppmrhct i`nat imt`tugh m e`reu`t `s hfpijyhg tj prhvhcta`nai`nat ghtmì brjf nj`cn buiiy wa`th# Wa`s e`reu`t `s emiihg m ’ochh‖ mcg `t

g`sprjpjrt`jcmthiy gherhmshs s`ncmi ihvhi ms kr`natchss `cerhmshs# Wahnjmi `s tj ohhp fmx`fuf s`ncmi ihvhi mt =<< @[H tj ==< @[H#

M ochh `s sajwc `c B`nurhs 7#=< mcg 7#==# @t ams twj pmrts4 m fjrh i`chmrmrhm tamt stmrts mt zhrj `cput# Mt sjfh pj`ct mijcn ta`s pjrt`jc tah ochh `s

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =<>

pjs`t`jchg tamt khmos tah i`chmr eurvh `ctj m bmr ihss i`chmr shnfhct# M Ijwochh nmffm eurvh `s sajwc `c B`nurh 7#=<#

B`nurh 7#=<4 Ijw&ochh Nmffm

Wah shejcg shnfhct ejfprhsshs tah kr`nathr samghs mcg emc prjv`gh up

tj mc mgg`t`jcmi ;&stjps jb imt`tugh# Wa`s miijws v`ghj emfhrms tj prjv`ghmifjst 0&stjps jb imt`tugh# ^`ta Kimeo Utrhtea hcmkihg imt`tugh emc`cerhmsh tj mifjst =<&stjps#

M A`na ochh nmffm eurvh `s sajwc `c B`nurh 7#==# @t hxpmcgs kr`nathrsamghs mgg`cn spmroih tj m sehch `iiuf`cmthg ky bjr hxmfpih mc

jvhremst soy#

B`nurh 7#==4 A`na&ochh Nmffm






Jc m ejcsufhr emfhrm tah ochh `s typèmiiy b`xhg jr Mutjfmtè# Jc mprjbhss`jcmi emfhrm yju fmy kh mkih tj sht tah ochh pj`ct# Mc mutjfmtèochh shts tah ochh kmshg upjc tah rmcnh jb i`nat `c m sehch# âhc tahrmcnh `s imrnh tah ochh `s fjvhg tj m ijw pj`ct# âhc tah rmcnh `s sfmiitah ochh `s fjvhg tj m a`na pj`ct# Khemush tah ochh mgdusts tah s`ncmi bjr

hmea ejijr `t `s pjss`kih tamt Mutj fjgh emc y`hig si`natiy g`bbhrhct ochhpj`cts emus`cn si`nat ejijr sa`bts# Bjr ta`s rhmsjc prjs prhbhr tj sht tahochh pj`ct mt A`na Fhgùf jr Ijw#

Bìf Nmffm

Meejrg`cn tj Ojgmo ’rhnmrgihss jb bìf typh mii bìf nmffm eurvhsmrh ejfpjshg jb b`vh rhn`jcs4 G&f`c !f`c`fuf ghcs`ty `cgèmthg kymrhm khbjrh M) tah tjh !M tj K) tah i`chmr pjrt`jc !K tj E) tahsajuighr !E tj G) mcg G&fmx !fmx`fuf ghcs`ty mt G)#‖ Wahshshnfhcts mrh sajwc `c B`nurh 7#=;#

B`nurh 7#=;4 Wypèmi Bìf Nmffm Eurvh

Hxpjsurhs ihss tamc mt M jc chnmt`vh bìf wìi cjt kh rhejrghg ms

eamcnhs `c bìf ghcs`ty# Wah tjh !M tj K) `s tah pjrt`jc jb tah eurvhwahrh tah sijph `cerhmshs nrmgumiiy# Wah strm`nat&i`ch !K tj E) `s tahpjrt`jc jb tah eurvh wahrh tah sijph gjhs cjt eamcnh# Bjr jpt`fuf

rhsuits mii s`nc`bèmct pèturh `cbjrfmt`jc sajuig kh pimehg jc tahstrm`nat&i`ch pjrt`jc# Wah sajuighr !E tj G) `s tah pjrt`jc jb tah eurvhwahrh tah sijph gherhmshs# âhc fmx`fuf ghcs`ty !G&fmx) jb tah






bìf `s rhmeahg burtahr eamcnhs `c hxpjsurh wìi prjgueh cj `cerhmsh `cbìf ghcs`ty#

Bjr trmcsbhr tj bìf v`ghj nmffm sajuig kh mi`nchg tj fmtea tahi`chmr !K&tj&E) rhn`jc# Wa`s rhqu`rhs m fjrh i`chmr nmffm tamc tamtcjrfmiiy ushg jc v`ghj emfhrms# Ujfh emfhrms amvh m sphe`mi ’bìf&jut‖ nmffm eurvh#

Ajwhvhr tah `ssuh `s fjrh ejfpihx# Wahrh mrh twj typhs jb ’e`chfmnmffm#‖ \mcmsjcè cjths tah bjiijw`cn#

E`ch Nmffm4 E`ch Nmffm wms ghvhijphg jc tah mssufpt`jc tamt tahb`cmi ejcthct `s rhihmshg jc 58ff bìf# ^h ghvhijphg m nmffm eurvh bjrtah v`ghj systhf tj eijshiy fmtea tamt jb 58ff bìf#

@c mgg`t`jc w`ta tah ejjphrmt`jc jb m bmfjus Dmpmchsh e`chfmtjnrmpahr

mcg Wjh` Eahfèmi Ej Itg# wh hstmki`sahg m Ijjo&Xp&Wmkih !IXW) tjrhturc tah empturhg v`ghj s`ncmi kmeo tj 58ff bìf v`m Mrr` Imshr[hejrghr# Ms m rhsuit wh whrh mkih tj rhmi`zh tah mpphmrmceh jb mc `fmnhmifjst hqumi tj 58ff bìf rhejrg`cn#

âhc yju v`hw E`ch !Bìf&jut) Nmffm jc m stmcgmrgv`ghj fjc`tjr `t wìi amvh vhry ijw ejctrmst# Uphe`mifjc`tjrs mrh mvmìmkih tamt wìi g`spimy E`ch nmffm tahwmy tj wìi ijjo jc bìf#

Whih Nmffm4 Whih Nmffm wms ghvhijphg jc tah mssufpt`jc tamt tahb`cmi ejcthct `s v`hwhg jc m thihv`s`jc fjc`tjr bjr hxmfpih m grmfm jr

gjeufhctmry# @t erhmths tah ijjo jb bìf jc v`ghj#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ==<

âmt `s m Ejijr Fmtr`x:

^h mii ocjw tamt hmea emfhrm fmcubmeturh ams `ts jwc ’ijjo#‖ Ujfh amvhm ejji ijjo waìh jtahrs amvh m wmrf ijjo# M emfhrm‐s ijjo `s ghthrf`chgky `ts ’ejijr fmtr`x#‖ Mt m f`c`fuf m fmtr`x jbbhrs m wmy tj ghb`ch tah

samgh jb tah tarhh pr`fmry ejijrs4 [hg Nrhhc mcg Kiuh#

Hmea jb tahsh pr`fmry ejijrs `s ghthrf`chg ky tah mfjuct jb s`ncmi ihvhi

brjf tah EEGs# Wahrh mrh sphe`b`hg samghs bjr hmea jb tahsh tarhhpr`fmry ejijrs# Bjr CWUE ta`s sphe`bèmt`jc `s emiihg @WX&2<=# Bjr AG tah@WX&><0 sphe`bèmt`jc ghb`chs tah pr`fmry ejijrs#

M emfhrm‐s bmetjry jb `ts fmtr`x `s `ts ’ejijr`fhtry#‖ Bjr hxmfpih nrhhcfmy kh ghb`chg tj amvh m kiu`sa emst# Pju wìi rhejnc`zh suea m

emfejrghr ky ijjo`cn mt tah ejijrs jb ihmvhs jc trhhs#

Ms yju f`nat nuhss tah hxmet samghs jb tah pr`fmry ejijrs ghb`ch tahcmturh jb wa`th4 m wmrf jr m ejji wa`th# Mcg wa`th ghb`chs tah emfhrm‐snrmysemih# M ejji wa`th fmy hcmkih m fjrh meeurmth rhcghr`cn jb

Emuems`mc so`c tjchs‗hvhc tajuna tah ijjo fmy kh ihss bimtthr`cn#

Wjgmy fmcy GR mcg AGR emfejrghrs jbbhr ushr mgdustmkih fmtr`xshtt`cns# Wypèmiiy bjr hmea pr`fmry ejijr ![hg) jr ejijr ejfpjchct !P&[)tahrh wìi kh m Ihvhi ejctrji mcg m \amsh ejctrji#

@c mgg`t`jc tj tah tarhh pr`fmry ejijrs m fmtr`x emc ghb`ch tah samgh jb tahtarhh shejcgmry ejijrs4 yhiijw eymc mcg fmnhctm#

Ky sa`bt`cn tah pamsh jb yhiijw m wmy brjf kiuh mcg tjwmrgs rhg‗krjwcmcg cjc&Emuems`mc so`c tjchs fmy ijjo khtthr#

Mgvmcehg ejijr fmtr`x systhfs jbbhr fuit`pih empmkì`t`hs4

• Pju emc ush shtt`cns tj fmtea fuit`pih emfhrms jb tah smfh typh

• Pju emc ush shtt`cns tj fmtea fuit`pih emfhrms jb g`bbhrhct typhs

• Pju emc hfuimth mcjtahr v`ghj emfhrm‐s ijjo

• Pju emc hfuimth m bìf hfuis`jc

• Pju emc shihet m ejijr `c tah `fmnh mcg misj ghb`ch m g`bbhrhct ejijr#Cjw tah b`rst ejijr wìi kh mutjfmtèmiiy rhpimehg ky tah shejcg ejijr#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ===

Eampthr 84 @ctrjguet`jc tj tah

AR[&R= mcg AG[&BQ>

Eampthr 8 `ctrjguehs Ujcy‐s AR[&R= mcg AG[&BQ> emfejrghrs# Wahfmthr`mi prhshcthg gjhs cjt rhpimeh tah emfejrghr‐s gjeufhctmt`jc#

Wahsh ejcthcts mssufh yju amvh rhmg tah emfejrghrs‐ fmcumi mcg mrh bmfì`mr w`ta emfejrghr jphrmt`jc‗`c pmrtèuimr tah cmturh mcg

ijemt`jc jb tah`r fmcy ejctrjis# @b yju amvh cjt rhmg tah fmcumi pihmsh gj sj khbjrh prjehhg`cn#

Wah R=X rhejrgs CWUE GR*GREMF =<1<`2< pius =<1<`2<*;7p mcg=<1<`2<*5 rhejrgs CWUE GR mcg =<1<`2< waìh tah BQ>H

rhejrgs \MI GR mcg =<1<`8<#

\rjnrhss`vh&semc Cjtmt`jc

=<1<`2<*;7p ‗ R=X prjnrhss`vh&semc !;&5 puiigjwc ushg)

=<1<`2<*5;<p2<*;7p ‗ ;&5 puiigjwc ushg

=<1<p;8 ‗ [hn`jc 8< AG GRG

=<1<p;7 ‗ Kiu&rmy mcg AG GRG

Jch emc `cstmctiy shh tah cmturh jb tah v`ghj bjrfmt ky tah b`rst +`+ jr +p+mcg `t rhf`cgs jch tahy mrh wjro`cn w`ta `cthrimeh v`ghj hvhc tajuna Ujcy

emiis `t ;7p ;8p mcg 5<p#

Wah shejcg cufkhr‗`b tahrh `s jch‗thiis yju tah brmfh rmth# Wah +p+ thiisyju tah emrr`hg `fmnhs mrh prjnrhss`vh#

Wah rmt`j khtwhhc tah twj cufkhrs `b cjt +;#<+ thiis yju ;&5 puiigjwc `sushg#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ==;

Ujcy 5EihmrR`g Uysthf

Wah AR[&R=X hfpijys tarhh =240 ’5EihmrR`g EFJU Uhcsjrs‖ wahrhhmea =*7&`cea ea`p ams =#<5 fìi`jc hbbhet`vh p`xhis# Xciòh jtahr EFJU

ea`ps 5EihmrR`g bhmturhs hihfhcts tamt amvh khhc rjtmthg 78&ghnrhhs#Wah ea`p‐s g`mfjcg pmtthrc miijws tah g`stmceh khtwhhc hihfhcts tjkh sfmiihr tahrhky `cerhms`cn spmt`mi rhsjiut`jc#

Khemush tah EihmrR`g ea`ps ushg `c tah R=*BQ> amvh m rhsjiut`jc jb mkjut =<<<x=<<< mcg amvh m =240 msphet rmt`j‗tah `ghmi`zhghihfhcts mkjvh mrh iòhiy cjt mc meeurmth rhprhshctmt`jc# Wahhihfhcts fmy ijjo iòh tah w`gh g`mfjcg sajwc khijw# [mtahr tamc m=4= rmt`j jb m stmcgmrg g`mfjcg mc hihfhct fmy amvh m =#554= rmt`j#!Wah pajtjg`jgh mrhm `s sajwc `c yhiijw tah suppjrt e`reu`try `c gmronrmy#)

Ah`nat 6 =

^`gta 6 =#55

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ==5

Wah jutput brjf hmea EihmrR`g ea`p `s mc mcmijn s`ncmi tamt `sejcvhrthg tj g`n`tmi ky m =7&k`t M&tj&G ejcvhrthr `c tah G`n`tmihQthcghg \rjehssjr !GQ\)# Wah GQ\ ea`p ushs =7&k`t wjrgs bjrkmshkmcg s`ncmi prjehss`cn#

Ujcy‐s EihmrR`g theacjijny `s t`natiy `cthnrmthg w`ta Ujcy‐s Hcamcehg@fmn`cn \rjehssjr !H@\)# Meejrg`cn tj Ujcy tah H@\ wjros mt=0;<x=<1< `c m 74;4; ejijrspmeh# Wah H@\ ams m ;&fìi`jc&p`xhi kubbhrbjr hmea jb tah tarhh pr`fmry ejijrs#

Wrmg`t`jcmiiy tah `fmnh shcsjr `s ejcs`ghrhg tah ghvèh `c waèa mc`fmnh bjrfs mcg brjf waèa `t `s empturhg# @ ejcs`ghr tah 2&fìi`jc ehiiH@\ kubbhr tj kh tah R=‐s ’R`rtumi Uhcsjr#‖

Ujcy‐s g`mnrmf khijw sajws ajw tah tarhh EFJU ea`ps bhhg `fmnhgmtm tj tah Hcamcehg @fmnh \rjehssjr !H@\)#

M 5EihmrR`g ea`p ams 02< stmnnhrhg ejiufcs# Hmea jb tah stmnnhrhgejiufcs ams 87<&hihfhcts sj hmea pm`r jb ejiufcs ams =<1;&hihfhcts# Wah =<1;&rjws mrh ejucthg ms sajwc khijw#

Wah cufkhr jb stmnnhrhg rjws fmteahs tah cufkhr tamt `s rhejrghgky tah =<1<` bjrfmt#

M 5EihmrR`g ea`p ams =<1; stmnnhrhg rjws# Hmea rjw ams 71<&hihfhcts sj hmea pm`r jb rjws ams 02<&hihfhcts# Wah 02<&hihfhctsmrh ejucthg ms sajwc khijw#

Ajwhvhr tah cufkhr jb ejiufc&hihfhcts `s amib tah cufkhr jb ejiufcs tamt mrh rhejrghg ky tah =<1<` bjrfmt# Wah f`ss`cn 02<&p`xhis `c hmea rjw&pm`r fust kh nhchrmthg ky tah H@\#

[hmg = Fìi`jc EFJU Hihfhcts

Meejrg`cn tj Ujcy Dmpmc bjur hihfhcts‗brjf bjur ejiufcs‗mrh rhmgs`fuitmchjusiy brjf hmea EihmrR`g ea`p `ctj hmea jb tah H@\‐s tarhh ;&fìi`jc ehii kubbhrs# Ky jutputt`cn bjur hihfhcts mt m t`fh rhmg&jutsphhg `s `cerhmshg ky m bmetjr jb bjur tahrhky s`nc`bèmctiy rhgue`cn tah

rjii`cn&sautthr mrt`bmet# !Uhh Eampthr 7#)

Hmea bjur hihfhcts‗imkhihg M K E mcg G‗`c mc jgg paysèmi rjwmrh rhmg&jut s`fuitmchjusiy# Wa`s jeeurs =;< t`fhs‗merjss tahshcsjr‗bjr tah 71<&hihfhcts `c mc jgg rjw# Mii hihfhcts `c [jw = mrhrhmg&jut khbjrh tah hihfhcts `c [jw ;#

Hmea bjur hihfhcts‗imkhihg ^ Q P mcg T‗`c mc hvhc paysèmi rjwmrh rhmg&jut s`fuitmchjusiy# Mnm`c ta`s jeeurs =;< t`fhs‗merjss tahshcsjr‗bjr tah 71<&hihfhcts `c mc hvhc rjw#

= ; 5 7 8 2 > 1

I= =M =K =E =G I; ;^ ;Q ;P ;T

I5 5M 5K 5E 5G I7 7^ 7Q 7P 7T

I8 8M 8K 8E 8G I2 2^ 2Q 2P 2T I> >M >K >E >G I1 1^ 1Q 1P 1T

Wah imst twj rjws rhmg&jut mrh [jws =<1< mcg =<1=# ![jw =<1; `s cjt

ushg#)

I=<1< =<1<^ =<1<Q =<1<P =<1<T

I=<1= =<1=M =<1=K =<1=E =<1=G

Wah EFJU ea`ps mrh prjnrhss`vhiy semcchg mt h`tahr 71Az jr 2<Az![hn`jc 2<) jr 8<Az ![hn`jc 8<)#

Mbthr hmea rhmgjut jb tah EFJU ea`ps hmea kubbhr ams =&fìi`jc

smfpihs‗ihmv`cn =&fìi`jc kubbhr ehiis hfpty# @cthrpjimt`jc `s ushg tjbìi tah =&fìi`jc hfpty ehiis `c hmea H@\ kubbhr#

Meejrg`cn tj Ujcy `cthrpjimt`jc `s phrbjrfhg us`cn tah bjur mgdmehctEFJU smfpihs# Ujcy‐s g`mnrmf khijw sajws bjur hfpty ehiis !rhggjts) bìihg ky us`cn tah bjur smfpihs !jphc e`reihs) jc mii s`ghs jb hfpty ehiis# Wah rhsuit `s bjur emieuimthg p`xhis‗bìihg e`reihs#

@fmnh Erhmt`jc

\jst `cthrpjimt`jc hmea kubbhr rjw ams =0;< gmtm pj`cts ejfpjshg jb 02< EFJU smfpihs mithrcmt`cn w`ta 02< `cthrpjimthg p`xhis# I`ch ; `ssajwc khijw#

Hmea syctahtè !`cthrpjimthg) p`xhi `s nhchrmthg brjf mgdmehct EFJUsmfpihs fmo`cn hmea p`xhi spmt`miiy ’w`gh#‖ Jkv`jusiy tahsh 02<

syctahtè p`xhis emccjt ejctr`kuth ms fuea rhsjiut`jc tj tah `fmnh msgj tah 02< EFJU p`xhis# Chvhrtahihss tahy gj hcamceh tah ajr`zjctmirhsjiut`jc jb hmea v`ghj i`ch ms `t `s erhmthg brjf mc hqumi f`x jb syctahtè p`xhis mcg EFJU smfpihs#

Mssuf`cn syctahtè p`xhis mrh mkjut 58&phrehct sjbthr tamc EFJUp`xhis‗mijcn tah ajr`zjctmi mx`s tahsh 02< syctahtè p`xhis hcamcehrhsjiut`jc ky mkjut 2;8&p`xhis# Wahsh 2;8&p`xhis pius tah 02< EFJUsmfpihs y`hig m tjtmi jb =818&p`xhis phr&rjw# ^`ta mc msphet&rmt`j jb =#>1 mcg m Ohii bmetjr jb <#1> tah R=‐s hbbhet`vh gycmfè ajr`zjctmirhsjiut`jc sajuig kh mpprjx`fmthiy >>8&WRI*pa# !Uhh Eampthr 7#)

Utmtè rhsjiut`jc wìi kh si`natiy a`nahr‗mt 1<< WRI*pa#

Khbjrh hcejg`cn hmea v`ghj i`ch `s semihg brjf =0;< tj =77< gmtmvmiuhs# Mbthr F\HN&; hcejg`cn 2< b`higs&phr&shejcg mrh rhejrghg tjGR tmph#

Mbthr `cthrpjimt`jc hmea ejiufc ams =<1< gmtm pj`cts ejfpjshg jb 87< EFJU smfpihs mithrcmt`cn w`ta 87< syctahtè p`xhis# I`ch ; `ssajwc khijw#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ==>

Hmea syctahtè !`cthrpjimthg) p`xhi `s nhchrmthg brjf mgdmehct upphrmcg ijwhr EFJU smfpihs fmo`cn hmea p`xhi spmt`miiy ’tmii#‖ Wahsh 87<syctahtè p`xhis gj cjt ejctr`kuth ms fuea rhsjiut`jc ms gj tah 87<EFJU p`xhis# Chvhrtahihss tahy hcamceh tah vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc jb hmea v`ghj ejiufc ms `t `s erhmthg brjf mc hqumi f`x jb syctahtè

p`xhis mcg EFJU smfpihs#Mssuf`cn syctahtè p`xhis mrh mkjut 58&phrehct sjbthr tamc EFJUp`xhis‗mijcn tah vhrtèmi mx`s tah 87< syctahtè p`xhis hcamcehrhsjiut`jc ky mkjut 58<&p`xhis# Wahsh 58<&p`xhis pius tah 87< EFJUsmfpihs y`hig m tjtmi jb 10<&p`xhis phr ejiufc# N`vhc m Ohii bmetjr jb <#1> tah R=‐s hbbhet`vh gycmfè vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc sajuig kh mkjut>>8&WRI# Utmtè vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc wìi kh si`natiy a`nahr‗mt 1<< WRI#

@cthrimeh Fjgh

@c mii fjghs i`nat shcs`t`v`ty mcg U*C rmt`j mrh tah smfh waèa`cgèmths rjw&pm`r suffmt`jc `s cjt ushg tj nhchrmth `cthrimeh v`ghj#[jw&pm`r suffmt`jc mets ms m ijw&pmss bìthr tj rhgueh 5<Az i`ch&bièohr ms whii ms i`ch&tw`tthr tamt emc mpphmr gur`cn vhrtèmi

fjvhfhct# Wah bìthr rhguehs vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc ky ;8&phrehct#

Wah R= iòhiy meejfpi`sahs ta`s tmso ky mppiy`cn m ijw&pmss bìthr us`cns`ncmi prjehss`cn `c tah GQ\ ea`p# Wa`s bìthr`cn rhsuits `c si`natiy ihssmi`ms`cn tamc `s bjucg w`ta prjnrhss`vh v`ghj#

@cthrimeh AG v`ghj `s nhchrmthg ky puii`cn 87< jgg&i`chs brjf jggbrmfh H@\ kubbhrs waìh puii`cn 87< hvhc&i`chs brjf hvhc brmfh H@\kubbhrs# Jgg mcg hvhc i`chs mrh tahc ejfk`chg `ctj m brmfh bjr F\HN&; hcejg`cn#

@fmnh Fmc`puimt`jcMc hxmfpih jb H@\ fmc`puimt`jc `s ;7p rhejrg`cn wahrh tah emfhrmsw`teahs tj m 71Az semcc`cn rmth mcg hvhry jtahr empturh `s g`semrghgy`hig`cn =0;<x=<1<p;7 v`ghj# Xs`cn `cgustry stmcgmrg ;&5 puiigjwchvhry bjur prjnrhss`vh v`ghj brmfhs khejfh thc v`ghj b`higs# @c ta`swmy ;7p `s ’emrr`hg w`ta`c‖ =<1<`2< v`ghj#

Wwj ’spi`t‖ jr ’dugghr‖ brmfhs mrh nhchrmthg tamt ejctm`c jch b`higbrjf jch brmfh mcg jch b`hig brjf mc mgdmehct brmfh# ![hg thxt `c tahWmkih khijw#)

Dugghr*spi`t Brmfh `c [hg

^ahc yju wmtea ;7p v`ghj yju shh m f`x jb ;7bps fjt`jc dugghr mcg;&5 emghceh dugghr‗dust ms yju gj wahc wmtea b`if ejcvhrthg tj

v`ghj us`cn ;&5 puiigjwc# @c tah g`mnrmf khijw yju emc ’shh‖ tah dugghr brmfhs `c tah r`natfjst ejiufc#

Mitajuna ;7p stmrts i`bh ms prjnrhss`vh v`ghj jceh ;7p ams ;&5puiigjwc mppi`hg `t `s =<1<`2< v`ghj# @t `s ejcvhrthg tj tarhh !5)`cthrimeh brmfhs tamt amvh cj fjt`jc mrt`bmets mcg twj !;) brmfhs tamtfmy jr fmy cjt amvh fjt`jc mrt`bmets# Wj g`st`cnu`sa tah R=‐s ’;7p‖ brjf >;<p;7 =<1<p;7 mcg E`chMitm‐s =<1<*;7\sB‗`t fmy kh ahipbuitj ush ta`s cjtmt`jc4 =<1<`2<*;7p# Wa`s cjtmt`jc thiis yju tamt tah R=‐s

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =;<

;7bps prjnrhss`vh v`ghj `cahrhctiy wìi kh trhmthg ms =<1<` ky jtahrv`ghj hqu`pfhct#

Wah R= rhejrgs ;7p us`cn twj fjghs4 m nhchrmi fjgh mcg m fjrhsphe`mi`zhg fjgh bjr v`ghjnrmpahrs waj wmct m ;7bps ijjo kut wajh`tahr ’hg`t `c emfhrm‖ jr gj cjt pimc tj hg`t us`cn m ;7p t`fhi`ch# Mcminjr`taf tamt ghthets tah ’M&brmfh‖ gur`cn empturh jr pimykmeo‗`cjrghr tj rhfjvh jr `ncjrh tah ;&5 puiigjwc‗wìi wjro hqumiiy whiiw`ta kjta fjghs# Ajwhvhr m systhf tamt ghphcgs jc tah M&brmfhkh`cn tah b`rst brmfh `c m ei`p wìi cjt amcgih tah sphe`mi`zhg fjgh#

;7M Fjgh

Wah b`rst fjgh ;7M bjrehs hvhry ei`p tj khn`c w`ta mc ’M‖ brmfh# Guhtj tah bjrehg ’M‖ brmfh wahc pimy`cn ;7M brjf m emfejrghr jr RW[kr`hb pmushs fmy jeeur khtwhhc ei`ps# Wa`s `s tah fjgh tj ush tj ushwahc yju pimc tj hg`t us`cn mc CIH tamt suppjrts ;7p hg`t`cn# WahCIH jb ejursh fust rhfjvh ;&5 puiigjwc#

◂ ❒ ◞ ◞ ◞ ❄ ❏ ◊ ❆ ▬

M K E G H M K E G H

@ K K \ K

Cjth tamt tah b`rst !nrhhc) ei`p hcgs jc brmfh %5‗emghceh brmfh E#Wah R=X rhphmts brmfh %5 uctì tah hcg jb tah b`vh&brmfh emghceh‗mtemghceh brmfh H# Wah chw !kiuh) ei`p khn`cs w`ta emghceh brmfh M#Wahrhbjrh waìh tah emghceh `s uckrjohc? tahrh mrh rhphmthg !yhiijw)brmfhs mt tah hcg jb tah jut&nj`cn ei`p# Cjth misj tamt tah chw ei`pkhn`cs jc mc @&brmfh‗ms `t sajuig#

;7 Fjgh

Wah sphe`mi`zhg fjgh !’;7‖) wìi pimykmeo w`tajut pmushs khtwhhcei`ps# Wahrhbjrh m prjguet`jc emc kh pimyhg brjf tmph w`ta cj hg`t`cnjr `t emc kh hg`thg `c m 2<` t`fhi`ch# Ujfh CIH‐s emc wjro w`ta ta`styph jb bjjtmnh `c m ;7p t`fhi`ch waìh jtahrs emccjt# !Uhh Eampthr1#)

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =;=

◂ ❒ ◞ ❄ ❏ ◊ ❆ ▬ ❊ ❜ M K E G H M K E G H

@ K K @ K K \ K \ @

Cjth tamt tah b`rst !nrhhc) ei`p hcgs jc brmfh %5‗emghceh brmfh E#Wah R=X khn`cs m chw !kiuh) ei`p tamt stmrts w`ta mc @&brmfh‗ms `tsajuig# Misj cjth waìh tah emghceh `s uckrjohc tah chw ei`p khn`csjc m G emghceh brmfh rmtahr tamc mc M emghceh brmfh#

;8p mcg 5<p Fjgh

Wj rhejrg ;8p jr 5<p tah R= g`semrgs hvhry jtahr =0;<x=<1<p8< jr=0;<x=<1<p2< brmfh# âhc tahsh brmfhs mrh v`hwhg tahy wìi amvh;8bps jr 5<bps fjt`jc dugghr# Wahy wìi cjt amvh ;&5 emghceh dugghr#

Nhchrmt`cn \rjnrhss`vh R`ghj

\rjnrhss`vh AG v`ghj `s nhchrmthg ky puii`cn 87< jgg&i`chs brjf jggbrmfh H@\ kubbhrs mcg puii`cn 87< hvhc&i`chs brjf tah smfh jgg brmfhH@\ kubbhrs# !Hvhc brmfh H@\ kubbhrs mrh g`semrghg#)

Wj g`st`cnu`sa tah R=‐s ’;8p‖ mcg ’5<p‖ brjf >;<p;8 mcg >;<p5<‗`tfmy kh ahipbui tj ush m uc`quh cjtmt`jc4 =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p# Wa`s cjtmt`jc thiis yju tamt tah R=‐s v`ghj wìi kh trhmthg

ms =<1<`2< jr =<1<`8< ky jtahr v`ghj hqu`pfhct#

Bjr kjta `cthrimeh mcg prjnrhss`vh v`ghj b`higs mrh ejfk`chg `ctj mbrmfh khbjrh F\HN&; hcejg`cn# Wah F\HN&; ’pèturhZstrueturh‖ bimn `ssht tj B[MFH# Wah ’prjnrhss`vhZbrmfh‖ bimn `s sht W[XH bjr ;7p ;8pmcg 5<p#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =;;

Emfhrm \hrbjrfmceh

Hxehpt bjr tah \jrtrm`t mcg E`chfm prhshts Ujcy‐s \èturh \rjbìhs ushm Uamrpchss shtt`cn jb ’>‖ tamt `s tah f`g&pj`ct jb `ts rmcnh# KKEgjeufhcts rhpjrt tamt `c tah pmst Ujcy ams ghb`chg tah f`g&pj`ct tjprjv`gh mc meehptmkih !Cjrfmi) brhquhcey rhspjcsh#

AR[&M= [hsjiut`jc

M =<1<` AGR emfhrm‐s brhquhcey rhspjcsh eurvh `ghmiiy sajuig kh bimtjut tj =77<&i`chs# @c jrghr bjr rhspjcsh tj rhmea =77<&i`chs w`tajutbmii`cn khijw tah ihvhi brjf wahrh tah eurvh khnmc !=#<) tahrh wìi khm kufp mt mkjut tah amibwmy pj`ct# Wa`s `cerhmshg f`g&brhquhcey

s`ncmi strhcnta hfpams`zhs ejursh ghtmì# Jkdhets suea ms trhh trucoswìi kh vhry eihmr# Ms tah upphr&hcg jb tah brhquhcey rhspjcsh eurvhbmiis khijw =#< b`ch ghtmì wìi kh ijst# Jkdhets suea ms trhh ihmvhs wìikhejfh ihss eihmr#

Hgnh hcamcehfhct `cerhmshs ms tah Uamrpchss ejctrji kjjsts tah f`g&brhquhce`hs# Wahrhbjrh `b yju try tj rhfjvh hgnh hcamcehfhct kyshtt`cn Uamrpchss ejctrji tj zhrj kjta ejursh mcg b`ch ghtmì wìi khijst# !Eurvh = mkjvh#) @b yju pimc tj trmcsbhr tj bìf ta`s rhsuit `s cjtwamt yju chhg# \ihmsh rhmg tah rhihvmct shet`jcs `c Eampthr 7 tjkhtthr ucghrstmcg ajw tah R= jphrmths mcg way `t ghi`vhrs tah `fmnhs`t gjhs#

Hgnh [`cn`cn

Wah KKE g`mnrmf khijw sajws tah wmvhbjrf jb m trmcs`t`jc brjf nrmy&tj&wa`th !tah sthp&up) mcg wa`th&tarjuna&nrmy&tj&kimeo !tah sthpgjwc)# Mt a`na Uamrpchss shtt`cns hmea sthp khn`cs w`ta mc jvhrsajjt

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =;5

tj hxehss`vh wa`th jr hxehss`vh kimeo# Wah jvhrsajjt `s emiihg ’r`cn`cn#‖

Ujcy AR[&M= Hgnh [hspjcsh

Cjth tamt hmea sthp hcgs w`ta m si`natiy g`bbhrhct typh jb r`cn`cn#Ihmg`cn r`cn`cn `s jpt`fmi w`ta Uamrpchss mt ’7‖ waìh trmì`cn r`cn`cn`s jpt`fmi w`ta Uamrpchss mt ’=;#‖ Wah f`g&pj`ct jb tahsh tj vmiuhs `s ’1‖ waèa `s tah AR[&M=‐s Cjrfmi shtt`cn#

R`hw`cn 2<` jc fy Ujcy 8<&`cea IEG AGWR‗mgdusthg bjr chmriy cjHgnh Hcamcehfhct !=8()‗ejcb`rfhg tah KKE rhpjrt# Mt m Uamrpchssshtt`cn jb ’>‖ !Cjrfmi) tahrh wms hxehiihct ghtmì mcg mifjst cj hgnhhcamcehfhct# @c bmet w`ta w`gh sajts wahrh tahrh whrh imrnh mrhms jb b`ch ghtmì !trhh ihmvhs mcg nrmss) @ bjucg b`ch ghtmì tjj sjbt#

Brjf thst`cn @ ihmrchg 2<` Uamrpchss ejuig kh `cerhmshg tj ’1‖ jr ’0‖ w`tajut tah `fmnh khejf`cn tjj ’ejursh#‖ Wah a`nahr shtt`cn erhmths mer`sphr pèturh# @ cjw ush m shtt`cn jb ’1‖ bjr 2<`#

\rjnrhss`vh v`ghj sajws m k`t jb ’gmce`cn gjt‖ mi`ms`cn mkjvhajr`zjctmi i`chs*hgnhs mcg mijcn vhry b`ch g`mnjcmi i`chs# !\ihmsh shhEampthr 7 bjr m ejfpihth hxpimcmt`jc jb mi`ms`cn#) Mi`ms`cn `s v`rtumiiyhi`f`cmthg ky m Uamrpchss shtt`cn jb ’8#‖ !Ujcy‐s E`chfm prjbìh ushsm ’8‖ Uamrpchss shtt`cn#) Chvhrtahihss fy thsts sajwhg tamtUamrpchss ejuig kh `cerhmshg tj ’2‖ w`tajut prjnrhss`vh v`ghjkhejf`cn ’kusy#‖ !Xsh ta`s shtt`cn bjr trmcsbhr tj bìf#) Ajwhvhr `b yju mrh erhmt`cn m bìf&ijjo yju wìi wmct tj ush ’8#‖ Ahrh‐s way#

Fjt`jc dugghr `s emrr`hg pr`fmrìy ky f`g&brhquhcey `fmnh ejcthct#Khemush UG v`ghj emfhrms mcg prjsufhr AG emfhrms amvh bmr fjrhf`g& tamc tahy gj b`ch&ghtmì v`ghj fjt`jc dugghr‗hvhc wahc m =1<&

grhnrhh sautthr `s ejrrhetiy hfpijyhg‗ams fjrh v`sumi dugghr tamcgjhs bìf mt tah smfh ;7bps rmth# Kjttjf&i`ch bìf mcg prjsufhrv`ghj `cahrhctiy empturh dugghr g`bbhrhctiy‗w`ta v`ghj sajw`cn fjrhprjcjucehg dugghr#

Wah `cerhmshg v`sumi dugghr emc fmoh ;7bps jr ;8bps v`ghj +strjkh+fjrh tamc bìf# @cerhms`cn Uamrpchss `cerhmshs f`g&ghtmì `cbjrfmt`jcmcg sj `cerhmshs dugghr# âìh gherhms`cn Uamrpchss kr`cns v`ghj dugghr fjrh `ctj mi`ncfhct w`ta bìf dugghr‗gherhms`cn Uamrpchsskhijw ’8‖ s`nc`bèmctiy mtthcumths b`ch&ghtmì#

âèa `s Uamrphr:

@cthrimeh semc `fmnhs amvh fjrh rhmi ghtmì tamc gj prjnrhss`vh semc`fmnhs khemush hmea `cthrimeh brmfh `s ejfpjshg jb gmtm brjf twj H@\`cthrpjimt`jcs‗hmea brjf m 02<x=<1< EFJU rhmgjut#

Wah twj EFJU rhmgjuts mcg tah`r `cthrpjimt`jcs mrh twj ’smfpihs‖ jb msehch# Hmea buii&brmfh smfpih `s tahc g`v`ghg `ctj twj b`higs# Mbthrg`semrg`cn jch b`hig brjf hmea smfpih hmea rhejrghg b`hig emrr`hs amib tahi`chs brjf tah twj smfpihs#

âhc `cthrimeh b`higs mrh ejfk`chg‗`c yjur hyh !E[W WR) `c m bimt&serhhc AGWR‐s gh`cthrimehr jr wahc jch ejrrhetiy empturhs m stìi brmfh jbv`ghj‗tah twj b`higs ejctr`kuth `cbjrfmt`jc brjf kjta smfpihs#

U`fpiy put‗hmea `cthrimeh brmfh ams `cbjrfmt`jc tamt jr`n`cmths brjf

twèh ms fuea sjureh `cbjrfmt`jc ms gjhs m prjnrhss`vh brmfh # @cthrimehgbrmfhs emc kh ejcs`ghrhg tj kh ’jvhrsmfpihg#‖

Ajwhvhr uciòh trmg`t`jcmi mcmijn&tj&g`n`tmi jvhr&smfpi`cn wahrh twjsmfpihs mrh mgghg tjnhtahr tj rhgueh cj`sh hmea v`ghj b`hig ejctm`cs `ts

jwc cj`sh pmtthrc# Waus tahrh mrh twj g`bbhrhct cj`sh thxturhs w`ta`c mbrmfh waèa `s way cj`sh `s fjrh v`s`kih `c `cthrimeh fjgh#

ây gjhs prjnrhss`vh v`ghj mpphmr sjbthr:

Fmcy amvh cjtèhg tamt `c sjfh s`tumt`jcs wahc tahy sw`tea brjf

`cthrimeh tj prjnrhss`vh semcc`cn b`ch ghtmì `c sjfh mrhms njhs f`ss`cn#Wa`s jkshrvmt`jc `s vmi`g khemush tahrh `s fjrh rhmi ghtmì `c `cthrimeh semc

v`ghj# Wa`s hbbhet gjhs cjt `cgèmth m bmìurh jb prjnrhss`vh semcc`cn#[mtahr `t ghfjcstrmths tamt tah gumi rhmgjut theac`quh ushg bjr `cthrimeh

semcc`cn `cahrhctiy smfpihs nrhmthr b`ch ghtmì#

ây gjhs prjnrhss`vh v`ghj mpphmr samrphr:

Fmcy amvh cjtèhg tamt `c sjfh s`tumt`jcs wahc tahy sw`tea brjf

`cthrimeh tj prjnrhss`vh semcc`cn tah `fmnh mpphmrs samrphr# Wa`s hbbhetjeeurs khemush `cthrimeh semcchg `fmnhs mrh pmsshg tarjuna m ijw&pmssbìthr tj rhgueh i`ch&bièohr# Wahrhbjrh `cthrimeh v`ghj ams ihss vhrtèmi

mi`ms`cn tamc gj prjnrhss`vhiy semcchg `fmnhs# !Kjta semcc`cn typhsamvh hqumi ajr`zjctmi mi`ms`cn#) âhc yju sw`tea tj prjnrhss`vh semcfjgh tah ijw&pmss bìthr `s cjt ushg waèa miijws fjrh vhrtèmi mi`ms`cn tjkh rhejrghg# Mi`ms`cn `cerhmshs mppmrhct rhsjiut`jc# !R`sumi cj`sh `socjwc tj `cerhmsh mppmrhct `fmnh ghtmì#)

Jkv`jusiy ghsp`th tah mppmrhctiy samrphr pèturh yju gj cjt wmct nrhmthrmi`ms`cn# Wa`s `s way E`chfm fjgh hfpijys m rhguehg Uamrpchss shtt`cn

tamt gherhmshs kmcgw`gta waèa `c turc gherhmshs mi`ms`cn#

[hn`jc 8<‗Mi`ms`cn mcg I`ch&tw`tthr

Brjf KKE rhpjrts wh ocjw tamt Ujcy prjsufhr emfejrghrs typèmiiyghr`vh tah emfhrm‐s UG s`ncmi brjf `ts AG s`ncmi‗cjt brjf tah shcsjrstahfshivhs# Wah rhimt`jc khtwhhc tah twj `s b`xhg mt ;#;8‗=<1< g`v`ghg

ky 71<#

\MI !8>2&i`ch) emfhrms fust pmss =#;Q fjrh UG vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc tamcCWUE !71<&i`ch) emfhrms# !Cjth tamt ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc `s tah smfh bjr\MI mcg CWUE#) @c tah UG wjrig tah cufkhr jb EEG rjws `smpprjpr`mthiy `cerhmshg bjr \MI emfhrms waèa prhvhcts `cerhmshgmi`ms`cn# Wahrhbjrh \MI emfhrms emc jktm`c mc mi`ms&brhh =#;Q a`nahrkmcgw`gta s`ncmi tamc jktm`chg ky CWUE emfhrms#

@c tah AG wjrig tahrh `s cj g`bbhrhceh `c tah ea`p ejuct khtwhhc rhn`jcs#Khemush jb tah ;#;8 bmetjr bjr [hn`jc 8< AG emfhrms tah ’vhrtèmi

kmcgw`gta‖ fust kh rm`shg#

Wah rjw ejuct jb ejursh `s cjt `cerhmshg brjf [hn`jc 2< fjghis# Wah[hn`jc 8< uc`t‐s nrhmthr kmcgw`gta pmsshs fjrh vhrtèmi mi`ms`cn brjf tahEFJU ea`ps tamc gj [hn`jc 2< uc`ts#

Wa`s mi`ms`cn wìi kh shhc ms nrhmthr ’gmce`cn gjt‖ cj`sh mcg ajr`zjctmi’kmrkhr pjih‖ mrt`bmets# Wah `cerhmshg kmcgw`gta misj miijws i`ch&tw`tthr jcvhrtèmiiy fjv`cn hgnhs mcg ta`c i`chs# !Uhh Eampthr 7#)

Eampthr =< ghser`khs ajw tj sajjt mcg pjst prjnrhss`vh v`ghj brjf m R=H

mcg R=\#

✗ Pju sajuig ush m tr`pjg wahc sajjt`cn ;8p v`ghj tj rhgueh i`ch&tw`tthr#

R= mcg BQ> Jptèmi Uysthf

Wah emfejrghrs‐ Emri Th`ss Rmr`j&Ujccmr W$ ihcs ams m bìthr g`mfhthrjb 2;ff# Wah ihcs ams m kmyjcht&fjuct sucsamgh w`ta ihvhr&jphrmthgihcs ejvhr# Xs`cn hxtrm&ijw g`sphrs`jc nimss `ts b&stjp rmcnh vmr`hsbrjf =#2 tj ;#1 jvhr `ts zjjf rmcnh#

Wah ihcs ams m ;<x jptèmi zjjf# Wah rmcnh `s brjf 5#0ff tj >1fftamt ams m 58ff hqu`vmihct rmcnh jb b65>#7 tj >71ff !=240) jrb678#> tj 0=7ff !745)# âìh chws mcg cmturh pajtjnrmpahrs wìimpprhe`mth tah >71ff thihpajtj empmkì`ty tajsh sajjt`cn `c t`natpimehs wìi b`cg m 5>#7ff w`gh&mcnih tj kh `cmghqumth# !âhc wjro`cnw`ta m 58ff emfhrm m ;7ff jr ;1ff ihcs `s ejcs`ghrhg ’w`gh#‖)

Wah zjjf rmcnh emc misj kh hxthcghg g`n`tmiiy ky mpprjx`fmthiy =#8

t`fhs tj rhmea tah hqu`vmihct jb ==<<ff bjr m 58ff emfhrm# Khijwyju emc shh tamt tah g`n`tmi zjjf gjhs cjt mpprhe`mkiy ghnrmgh tah AG`fmnh#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =;>

^`gh4 G`n`tmi Tjjf Jbb

^`gh4 G`n`tmi Tjjf Jc






Whih4 G`n`tmi Tjjf Jc

Whih4 G`n`tmi Tjjf Jbb

M w`gh ihcs&r`cn ejctrjis bjeus us`cn shrvj&ejctrji# Ujcy.s UuphrUthmgyUajt J@U `s hfpijyhg bjr @fmnh Utmk`i`zmt`jc# M sw`tea jc tahs`gh jb tah ihcs shihets khtwhhc ’cjch‖ mcg m =*7 jr =*=2 CG b`ithr#Tjjf `s ejctrjiihg v`m shrvj&ejctrji brjf m vmr`&sphhg rjeohr ejctrjim amcgih fuit`&sphhg rjeohr mcg m phrphtumi ihcs r`cn#

âmt Bucet`jc Gjhs tah CG Bìthr \imy4 Wj jktm`c mc jpt`fuf hxpjsurhwh amvh bjur mvmìmkih ejctrji bucet`jcs4 CG shtt`cn v`ghj nm`c ihvhisautthr&sphhg mcg mphrturh#

Wah CG shtt`cn s`fpiy kr`cns vhry kr`nat sehchs `ctj m rmcnh tamt emc kh

amcgihg ky tah emfhrm‐s hihetrjcès#

Jtahr tamc sjfht`fhs kh`cn ush tj f`c`f`zh Ghpta&jb&B`hig `t ams cjerhmt`vh bucet`jc# !M a`na CG vmiuh bjrehs tah mphrturh jphc tahrhkyf`c`f`z`cn GJB#)

Hxpjsurh Ejctrji

Wah Hxpjsurh g`mi emc kh ghb`chg tj ejctrji `r`s brjf B=#2&B== k`ms tahmutjfmtè hxpjsurh us`cn MH sa`bt jr prjv`gh fuit`&bucet`jc hxpjsurh

ejctrji# MH Ua`bt fjgh wjros hxtrhfhiy whii wahc nuc&mcg&rucsajjt`cn khemush‗waìh yju fjc`tjr us`cn tah a`stjnrmf g`spimy‗yjuemc fmoh quèo mithrmt`jcs tj MH ghthrf`chg hxpjsurh# Ky tah wmy `ctah vmst fmdjr`ty jb s`tumt`jcs @ bjucg tah MH systhf tj kh spjt jc#Ky shtt`cn MH [HU\JCUH tj Uijw tah MH systhf wìi sfmrtiy `ncjrhkr`hb ìiuf`cmt`jc biuetumt`jcs mcg yht fmoh sfjjta trmcs`t`jcs wahci`nat ihvhis eamcnh# âhc us`cn MH Ua`bt fjgh kh mwmrh tamt `b yjuihmvh ta`s fjgh tah imst sa`bt vmiuh ejct`cuhs tj mithr hxpjsurh#

âhc yju ush Hxpjsurh = jr Hxpjsurh ; fjghs yju chhg tj kh mwmrhtamt4 tah Uautthr&sphhg kuttjc !H= fjgh) jr Uautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c

kuttjcs !H; fjgh) mrh ’ijeohg‖ prhvhct`cn yju brjf us`cn tahshejctrjis# Ajwhvhr uctì yju prhss tah Fmcumi Hxpjsurh kuttjc‗tahemfhrm `s `c MH fjgh mcg Uautthr&sphhg !H=) jr Uautthr&sphhg mcgNm`c !H;) wìi kh mithrhg ky tah emfhrm ms `t jpt`f`zhs hxpjsurh#

Wah R= gjhs tamcobuiiy mtthfpt tj ush tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgskmshg upjc tah eajshc brmfh&rmth4 =*2<ta bjr 2<`*5<p mcg =*71ta bjr;7p# Wj f`c`f`zh tah pjss`kì`ty jb tah ucwmcthg sautthr&sphhg mcg*jrnm`c eamcnhs sht MNE I@F@W tj /=;gK mcg MW @[@U IFW tj B8#2#[hfhfkhr tj ejcb`rf eurrhct Uautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c mrh ejrrhet

khbjrh prhss`cn tah Fmcumi Hxpjsurh kuttjc‗waèa metumiiy gjhs ’ijeo‖ Uautthr&sphhg !H=) jr Uautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c !H;)#

@ miijw sautthr&sphhg tj vmry brjf tah ghbmuit ky =*;Q mcg ;Q# Gj`cnsj ohhps tah pèturh brjf hxehss`vh kiur jr strjk`cn# ^`ta 2<` tahrmcnh `s =*5<ta tj =*=;8ta waìh w`ta 8<` tah rmcnh hxthcgs

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =5<

brjf=*;8ta tj =*=<<ta# ^`ta ;7p tah rmcnh hxthcgs brjf =*;7ta!52<&ghnrhhs) tj =*02ta !0<&ghnrhhs)#

Brmfh&rmth mcg Hxpjsurh&t`fh

Brmfh&rmth ghthrf`chs thfpjrmi smfpi`cn# Bjios amvh ushg =2bps tj jvhr2<bps# [mths khijw 8<bps emccjt empturh rhmi`ty ms tahy rhcghr fjt`jcpjjriy#

Bjios sajjt ;7bps hvhc tarjuna `t gjhs m pjjr djk w`ta fjt`jc# @c bmet tahymrnuh tamt tah vhry bmet tamt fjt`jc `s CJW empturhg meeurmthiy `s wamtmiijws us tj +susphcg g`skhi`hb+ mcg hcthr `ctj tah stjry#

Hxpjsurh&t`fh ghthrf`chs ajw fuea fjt`jc kiur `s empturhg# ^h ocjw

tamt =*8<ta shejcg `s tah pj`ct mt waèa +cjrfmi+ fjt`jc khejfhs v`s`kiykiurrhg# Wa`s `s way bjios sajjt 58ff pajtjs mt =*8<ta shejcg jr bmsthr#

M =*8<ta shejcg hxpjsurh empturhs m k`t jb fjt`jc kiur waèa ahips kihcgjch bìf brmfh tj tah chxt# Mcg `cthrhst`cniy =*71ta `s m =1<&ghnrhhsautthr mt ;7bps# Wa`s `s tah ’stmcgmrg‖ hxpjsurh&t`fh ushg wahc sajjt`cnbìf#

^`ta hxpjsurhs ijcnhr tamc =*;7ta !52<&ghnrhhs) shejcg yju mrh cjwerhmt`cn mc BQ# Bjr hxmfpih m grhmf ijjo# Uajrthr tamc =*02ta !0<&ghnrhhs) hi`f`cmths fjt`jc kiur hct`rhiy waèa emushs hmea brmfh tj stmcg

mijch# Pju mrh cjw erhmt`cn tah Umv`cn \r`vmth [ymc ijjo#

Wahrhbjrh jceh yju amvh eajshc m brmfh&rmth‗ hxpjsurh&t`fh vmr`hsbrjf KIX[ tj UW[JKH#

Fjt`jc kiur misj ahips jvhrejfh tah ’hyh&trmeo`cn‖ mrt`bmet tamt emushs tahmpphmrmceh jb twj g`spimehg jkdhets wahc hmea brmfh `s prhshcthg twèh

ky m g`spimy# !Bjr hxmfpih wahc 5;<p;8 =<1<p;8 >;<p5< mcg =<1<p5<# Wa`s `s way @ jbthcush ;=2&ghnrhhs mcg cjt =1<&ghnrhhs w`ta ;7p#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =5=

EFJU shcsjrs mcg H@\

Khtwhhc tah EFJU shcsjrs mcg H@\ Ujcy‐s AR[&R= ams twj vhrywhiejfh mttr`kuths4 suphrk imt`tugh mcg cj vhrt`emi sfhmr#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =5;

F`c`fuf R= mcg BQ> shcs`t`v`ty `s rmthg mt 7&iux? =&iux ijwhr tamc tahEEG kmshg T= mcg BQ=# âmt `s tah rhmi`ty jb ta`s shcs`t`v`ty: Wahrh‐s mfjv`h serhhc `c tah upphr&r`nat ejrchr jb ta`s serhhcsajt jb mrhstmurmct `c Fmimys`m# Mitajuna tah serhhc wms vhry g`f tah R=empturhg `t# Misj cjth tah kr`nat yhiijw s`nc g`gc‐t kijw&jut# Wa`s `s m

phrbhet hxmfpih jb ajw w`gh imt`tugh suppjrts a`na pèturh qumi`ty#

R`ghj nm`c emc kh sht tj < 5 2 0 =; =8 mcg /=1gK# Wahrh `sajwhvhr cj s`fpih rhimt`jcsa`p khtwhhc nm`c mcg cj`sh khemush cj`sh`s typèmiiy v`s`kih jciy `c fhgùf gmro mrhms# @ bjucg @ ejuig ush /0gKnm`c w`tajut mgg`cn cj`sh‗mitajuna `c fmcy s`tumt`jcs @ ushg /=8gKms sajwc khijw#

Nm`c mt /=8gK

Khijw yju emc shh ajw gmro tah sehch metumiiy wms#

Nm`c mt <gK

Nm`c mt <gK

Nm`c mt /5gK






Nm`c mt /2gK

Wj nm`c hxtrm Ghpta&jb&B`hig `c gmro s`tumt`jcs ush /2gK nm`c khemush`t miijws tah `r`s tj eijsh jch stjp mcg yht mggs cj cj`sh# @c ta`s tjjgmro s`tumt`jc tah a`stjnrmf sajws tah s`ncmi cjt rhmea`cn fuea pmsttah f`g&pj`ct# Wahrhbjrh ta`s `s cjt m njjg qumi`ty s`ncmi#

Nm`c mt /0gK

Wah a`stjnrmf sajws tah a`nahst s`ncmi pj`ct `s mifjst chmr tah r`nathgnh# Pju emc shh tah brmfh ijjos khtthr# Cj`sh `s st`ii vhry ijw#

Nm`c mt /=;gK !ejrrhet nm`c sht ky MH mcg ejcb`rfhg ky A`stjnrmf)

Wah a`stjnrmf sajws tah a`nahst s`ncmi pj`ct `s mt tah r`nat hgnh# Wa`s`s m fuea khtthr qumi`ty v`ghj s`ncmi mcg cj`sh rhfm`cs ijw#

Nm`c mt /=8gK

Wah a`nahst s`ncmi pj`ct `s mkjvh =<<@[H mcg cj`sh `s fjghrmth#

Nm`c mt /=1gK

Hxehss`vh `fmnh cj`sh mpphmrs pr`fmrìy `c samgjw ghtmì sj yju emchcnmnh Kimeo Ejfprhss tj pusa gmro samgjws `ctj kimeo sj cj`sh wìikh ihss v`s`kih#

@b ms `c tah sehch @ wms sajjt`cn `c m c`nat fmroht `c Fmimys`m tahrh`s i`ttih fjvhfhct yju emc gherhmsh sautthr&sphhg sj tah EFJUshcsjrs amvh fjrh t`fh tj nmtahr i`nat# Ky grjpp`cn tah sautthr&sphhgky amib 2gK ihss nm`c `s chhghg# M w`gh sajt `s khst wahc yju chhg tj

ijwhr sautthr&sphhg# !Wah sfmiihr m fjv`cn jkdhet tah ijwhr `ts ’fjt`jc vhetjr#‖ Wamt s`fpiy fhmcs jkdhets wìi fjvh ihss w`ta`c tahbrmfh waèa wìi rhgueh fjt`jc kiur brjf tah sijwhr sautthr#)

Gj cjt pmc jr zjjf mt sijw sautthr&sphhgs# @b pjss`kihush m tr`pjg#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =5>

@fmnh Ejctrji

Wah AR[&R= bhmturhs m vhry ejfpihth sht jb `fmnh ejctrji empmk`i`t`hs#Wahsh `ceiugh4 Ejijr Ihvhi Ejijr \amsh E`chfmWjch EjijrUamrpchss Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc tamt jbbhrs kjta Kimeo Utrhtea mcgKimeo Ejfprhss mc mgdustmkih Ochh pius E`chfmWjch Nmffm = mcgNmffm ;#

E`chfmWjch Ejijr

E`chfmWjch Ejijr gherhmshs N Ey mcg K wa`ih `cerhms`cn P [ mcgFn#

E`chfm Ejijr Jbb

E`chfm Ejijr Jc






E`chfmWjch cèhiy `cerhmshs kiuh&soy ghpta waìh emus`cn rhg tj pjp#@t misj wmrfs bihsa tjchs# Ajwhvhr w`ta vhry wmrf hmriy mcg imthgmyi`nat E`chfmWjch‐s yhiijw pusa emc turc mirhmgy wmrf rhgsamghs jrmcnh#

Ejctrmst HcamcehMeejrg`cn tj Ujcy kjta tah Ejctrmst Hcamceh mcg Kmeoi`nat bucet`jcsush tah H@\ mkì`ty tj shpmrmthiy prjehss +thxturh pmtthrcs+ !ghtmì) mcg+kr`natchss ejfpjchcts+ !iufm)# Kjta bucet`jcs `cerhmsh ghtmì tamtfmy kh a`gghc `c a`na ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs#

Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc

Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc mithrs fhgùf& mcg gmro&nrmy# Wah KimeoEjfphcsmt`jc bucet`jc jbbhrs tarhh shtt`cns4 Jbb Utrhtea mcgEjfprhss#

Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc Jbb

âhc Kimeo Utrhtea `s hcnmnhg tah rhimt`jcsa`p khtwhhc i`nat `cputmcg rhejrghg s`ncmi `s mithrhg tj `cerhmsh samgjw ghtmì‗ms sajwckhijw# Hcnmn`cn Kimeo Utrhtea emc mgg mifjst mc mgg`t`jcmi stjp jb imt`tugh#






Kimeo Utrhtea

M smfpih Kimeo Utrhtea nmffm eurvh `s sajwc khijw#

^ahc Kimeo Ejfprhss `s hcmkihg s`ncmi jutput `s mithrhg tj gherhmshsamgjw ghtm`i mcg `cerhmsh ejctrmst tahrhky `cerhms`cn mppmrhctsamrpchss#






Kimeo Ejfprhss

M smfpih Kimeo Ejfprhss nmffm eurvh `s sajwc khijw#

Mgdustmkih Ochh

Wah AR[&R=‐s ’Ochh‖ emc kh sht tj Mutj jr tj Ijw Fhg`uf mcg A`na#@c Mutj fjgh tah ochh `s rm`shg `c ijw&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs mcgijwhrhg `c a`na&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs# Mc hxmfpih a`na ochh nmffmeurvh `s sajwc khijw# @t hxpmcgs kr`nathr samghs mgg`cn spmroih tj m

sehch `iiuf`cmthg ky bjr hxmfpih mc jvhremst soy#

M smfpih ijw ochh nmffm eurvh `s sajwc khijw# @t ejfprhsshs tahkr`nathr samghs mcg emc prjv`gh mc mgg`t`jcmi ;&stjp jb imt`tugh#

Ky hcmki`cn Kimeo Utrhtea mcg shtt`cn tah Ochh tj Ijw tah R= emcempturh m imt`tugh jb mkjut =<&stjps# Khijw yju emc shh m smfpih ’w`gh‖ Ochh nmffm eurvh# @t hxpmcgs tah gmrohst samghs !KimeoUtrhtea) waìh ejfprhss`cn !Ijw Ochh) tah kr`nathr samghs#Hsshct`miiy `t bimtthcs tah nmffm eurvh hcmki`cn tah emfhrm tjbucet`jc fjrh iòh chnmt`vh bìf#






^`gh&ochh Nmffm Eurvh

E`chfmWjch Nmffm

Wah twj E`chfm Nmffm shtt`cns fjrh s`nc`b`emctiy mithr tah `fmnh#Wah R= jbbhrs tarhh nmffm eurvhs ms sajwc `c ta`s g`mnrmf brjfUjcy#






@fmnhs brjf tah tarhh eurvhs mrh sajwc khijw#

Cjrfmi Nmffm w`ta Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc Jbb

E`chfmWjch Nmffm = jciy si`natiy erusahs gmrohr samghs# @t misjrhguehs imt`tugh ky mkjut =*;&stjp# Wa`s fjgh w`ta `ts si`natiy bimtthrnmffm eurvh phrbjrfs m k`t iòh rhvhrsmi !Hotmearjfh mcgBudèarjfh bìf) bìf stjeo# ![hvhrsmi bìf y`higs m ’pjs`t`vh‖ `fmnhmbthr kh`cn ghvhijphg#)

E`chfmWjch Nmffm Wyph =






M smfpih E`chfmWjch Nmffm Wyph = eurvh `s sajwc khijw#

E`chfmWjch Nmffm ; erusahs tah gmrohr samghs mcg `c gj`cn sj `trhguehs imt`tugh ky mifjst =#8&stjps# Wa`s fjgh w`ta `ts fuea bimtthrnmffm eurvh phrbjrfs m k`t iòh chnmt`vh !h#n# R@U@JC; mcgHWH[CM) bìf stjeo# !Chnmt`vh bìf y`higs m tjcmiiy `cvhrthg ’chnmt`vh‖ `fmnh mbthr kh`cn ghvhijphg#)

E`chfmWjch Nmffm Wyph ;

âìh E`chfmWjch Wyph ; gjhs erhmth m grmfmtè ijjo yju chhg tjmppiy `t spmr`cniy khemush `t s`nc`bèmctiy rhguehs imt`tugh tj jciy mkjut1#8&stjps#

Uajjt`cn Ejctrji

Wah R= bhmturhs `ceiugh tah mk`i`ty tj g`spimy sautthr&sphhg `c shejcgsjr sautthr&mcnih mcg bjeus g`stmceh `c bhht jr fhthrs# Wah emfejrghrmisj bhmturhs m a`stjnrmf g`spimy jb tah v`ghj s`ncmi sj yju emcmea`hvh jpt`fmi hxpjsurh `c tah b`hig# @ sht Thkrm mt =<<@[H mcg miijwtah a`nahst s`ncmi ihvhi tj phmo dust jvhr tah jrmcnh i`ch#

^ahc yju nm`c hxphr`hceh us`cn tah a`stjnrmf yju emc turc Thkrmjbb#

Bjeus

Wah fjst eamiihcn`cn tmso `c sajjt`cn AG `s mea`hv`cn mcg fm`ctm`c`cnbjeus# Wah tmso `s fmgh fjrh g`bbèuit ky tah `cmkì`ty jb fjst AGemfhrms‐ RB !jr IEG) tj ejfh eijsh tj g`spimy`cn m a`na&ghb`c`t`jc`fmnh# Wah R=‐s <#77&`cea =240 ejijr v`hwb`cghr ams jciy ;8;O p`xhiswaìh tah 5#8&`cea bi`p&jut =240 IEG ams jciy ;==O p`xhis# Jkv`jusiy

`b yju emccjt shh wahc tah `fmnh `s `c bjeus yju emccjt trust wamtyju mrh sajjt`cn#

Wah AR[&R= ams mc `fmnh fmnc`bèmt`jc bhmturh tamt fmnc`b`hs tahehcthr jb tah `fmnh# Pju emc ush `t khbjrh yju stmrt sajjt`cn tjmea`hvh bjeus# Xcbjrtucmthiy `t turcs jbb wahc yju khn`c rhejrg`cn sj

yju emccjt ush `t tj mgdust bjeus waìh sajjt`cn# Wj quèoiy mea`hvhbjeus yju emc prhss tah emfejrghr‐s Jch&\usa MB kuttjc#

Wj m`g fmcumi bjeus`cn tah emfejrghr misj bhmturhs m ’phmo`cn‖ bucet`jc tamt pimehs m ejijrhg juti`ch jc samrp hgnhs tamt mrh `c bjeus#Pju emc ghb`ch tah phmo`cn ejijr ms wa`th yhiijw jr rhg# Wa`s systhf

ams tw`c `ssuhs4 sjbt hgnhs iòh m eijsh&up jb m bmeh fmy cjt khjuti`chg waìh mt jtahr t`fhs hvhryta`cn `s juti`chg# Wah imtthr`cgèmt`jc waìh shhf`cniy uciòhiy `s qu`th vmi`g khemush tah sfmiiEFJU ea`ps erhmth m vhry ghhp GJB# Jkv`jusiy bjr tajsh waj chhg mf`c`fuf GJB bjr tah`r wjro ta`s eamrmethr`stè pjshs m shr`jus

eamiihcnh#Wah R= ams m bmst mcg meeurmth MB systhf# Jb ejursh tamt gjhs cjtfhmc yju emc s`fpiy turc jc MB mcg stmrt sajjt`cn# B`rst yju fusthcmkih MB Mss`st fjgh# Jceh hcmkihg wahc yju shh MB `s cjt phrbhetyju emc fmcumiiy ejrrhet `t v`m tah bjeus&r`cn#

Uhejcg yju fust ocjw wahc tj cjt ush MB# Wa`rg yju chhg tjucghrstmcg tah wmy MB wjros# Mt bjemi ihcntas up tj 71ff waèarhbihets m fjrh tamc mghqumth =;Q zjjf‗tah 58ff hqu`vmihct jb m72<ff Whih‗tah R= wìi fm`ctm`c bjeus ucghr fjst mii ejcg`t`jcs4 `b

sjfhjch pmsshs `c brjct jb tah ihcs? ms tah sukdhet fjvhs w`ta`c tahbrmfh? ms tah sukdhet fjvhs burtahr jr eijshr? mcg `b yju gjc.t zjjf&`c mt a`na&sphhg# Fjrhjvhr ms sajwc khijw MB wìi amcgih sijw jrbmst pmcs brjf jch sukdhet tj mcjtahr‗hvhc `c ijw&i`nat#

Uukdhet =4 Khbjrh \mc Uukdhet `c Bjeus






Khtwhhc Uukdhet = mcg Uukdhet ;‗Uukdhet = Ut`ii `c Bjeus

Uukdhet ;4 Mbthr \mc Uukdhet `c Bjeus

Khtwhhc Uukdhet = mcg Uukdhet ;‗Uukdhet ; Ut`ii `c Bjeus






Uukdhet ;4 Mbthr \mc Uukdhet `c Bjeus

Wah R= ams mcjtahr mutjfmtè bucet`jc yju emc ush wahc chhghg‗

MW^ !Mutj Wrmeo`cn â`th&kmimceh)# MW^ ohhps wa`th kmimceh ejrrhetms yju fjvh brjf jch typh jb ìiuf`cmt`jc tj mcjtahr# Khijw @ amvhhcthrhg m kmtarjjf brjf m rjjf i`t w`ta `cemcghsehct i`nat`cn#Khemush m w`cgjw ìiuf`cmths tah kmtarjjf `ts ejijr thfphrmturh `svhry a`na#

^`ta`c 8&shejcgs wa`th kmimceh ams sfjjtaiy mgdusthg tj tah chwejijr thfphrmturh ìiuf`cmt`jc#

Uhtt`cn MW^ UHCU tj IJ^ wmrfs biujrhsehct i`nat`cn waìh A@NA ejjis`cemcghsehct ìiuf`cmt`jc# MW^ iòh mii M^K systhfs sajuig cjt khushg wahrh sehchs mrh i`t ky f`xhg sphetruf i`nat`cn# !@c tahsh

ejcg`t`jcs yju sajuig fmcumi ^K jr ush h`tahr jb tah b`xhg shtt`cns#

Ujcy‐s Jutgjjr prhsht ams m nrhmt jpt`jc‗yju emc fmcumiiy wmrf jrejji tah `fmnh# Wa`s smfh empmkì`ty chhgs tj kh hxthcghg tj tah@cgjjr prhsht khemush jb tah w`ghiy vmry`cn typhs jb mrt`bè`miìiuf`cmt`jc eurrhctiy ushg mrjucg tah wjrig#

Mug`j Empmkì`t`hs

GR mcg AGR Mug`jGR mug`j `s emrr`hg ms \EF gmtm waìh AGR mug`j `s emrr`hg ms F\HN&=Imyhr ; gmtm !F\;)# Wa`s prheursjr tj F\5 `s iòh F\5 m ’phrehptumi‖ hcejg`cn systhf tamt g`semrgs mug`j `cbjrfmt`jc tamt GU\ejfputmt`jcs `cgèmth wìi kh fmsohg ky jtahr mug`j `cbjrfmt`jc#

@c sajrt `t `s m ijssy hcejg`cn systhf tamt fmy cjt fhht mii b`hig&rhejrg`cn rhqu`rhfhcts# Pju wìi b`cg bmr fjrh ghtmìhg `cbjrfmt`jc jcAGR mug`j `c Eampthr 5#

AR[&R= Mug`jWj fhht tah chhgs jb tah prjbhss`jcmi fmroht tah AR[&R= ams gumiQI[ `cputs w`ta \amctjf pjwhr pius m ejfpihth sht jb fè*i`chejctrjis# Wah fhcu shtt`cns hcmkih yju tj `cg`v`gumiiy ’tr`f‖ `cputihvhi brjf &=2gK gK tj <gK# Wa`s bhmturh miijws yju tj fmtea bjrhxmfpih yjur fè tj tah R=# Xcbjrtucmthiy tah R= ams cj =*1&`cea






sthrhj fè dmeo tj ejcchet w`rhihss fès mcg f`xhrs tamt ush ta`s typhjb ejcchet`jc#

Wah R=‐s mug`j i`f`thr !MNE) `s kjta ucjktrus`vh mcg vhry hbbhet`vh#Pju emc hcnmnh `t hvhc wahc us`cn fmcumi mug`j nm`c# Wah R= jb ejursh ams gumi mug`j ihvhi ejctrjis wahc twj shpmrmth fès mrh ushg#

AG[&BQ> Mug`j

Wwj&eamcchi mug`j emc kh jktm`chg brjf tah kuìt `c sthrhj Fè jr v`mmc hxthrcmi Fè# Wah BQ> prjv`ghs m =*1&`cea f`c`&dmeo mcg `ts mug`jihvhi ejctrji mgdusts tah ihvhi bjr kjta eamcchis s`fuitmchjusiy# Ujfhfmy ejcs`ghr ta`s m g`smgvmctmnh# Bjr jtahrs `t wìi fmoh cj rhmig`bbhrhceh `c tah wmy tahy wjro# Hsphe`miiy `b tahy ush mc hxthrcmi Fèf`xhr# Wah mug`j i`f`thr `s kjta ucjktrus`vh mcg vhry hbbhet`vh#

Uphe`mi Bhmturhs

WE I`co

Wah R= ams m bhmturh emiihg WE I`co waèa hcmkihs yju tj sycearjc`zht`fh ejghs khtwhhc emfhrms us`cn `#I@CO# Khemush mii emfejrghrs emckh sht w`ta `ghctèmi t`fhejgh pr`jr tj sajjt`cn fuit`pih emfhrmsajjts prjgueh tmphs emrry`cn `ghctèmi t`fhejgh#

AyphrNm`c

Bjr chws sajjthrs Ujcy‐s AyphrNm`c empmkì`ty mggs /52gK nm`c tamtemc smvh m krhmo`cn stjry#

Uij&fj

Wah R=‐s sij&fj bhmturh sw`teahs tj semcc`cn jb m rhguehg mrhm jb tahEFJU shcsjrs mt ;7<bps# Wah empturh kubbhr `s tahc rhejrghg tj AGRjr GR*GREMFEMF# âìh tah rhejrghg fjt`jc `s njjg tah 2& jr =;&shejcgs jb 8=;x5;< v`ghj `s vhry sjbt#

Uajt&trmcs`t`jcWah R= misj bhmturhs Ujcy‐s Uajt&trmcs`t`jc empmkì`ty# Jch jkv`jusush bjr ta`s bucet`jc `s tj ghb`ch twj shtt`cns‗bjr hxmfpih ejijr mcgK"^# Wah emfhrm emc trmcs`t`jc khtwhhc tahsh shtt`cns‗us`cn I`chmrm Ujbt Utjp jr m Ujbt trmcs`t`jc#

\ajtj Empturh

Wah R= emc empturh pajtjs jctj m Ujcy Fhfjry Utèo Guj# Wahrh mrhtwj qumi`ty ihvhis !B`ch mcg Utmcgmrg) mcg bjur rhsjiut`jcs4 =77<x1=<

!AGR mcg =240 GR*GREMF) =<1<x1=< 27<x71< mcg 27<x52<# Wahkucgihg =NK stèo emc ajig jvhr =8<< =#;&fhnmp`xhi !=77<x1=<) B`chqumi`ty `fmnhs#

@fmnh \rjbìhs

Pju emc erhmth fjg`by mcg smvh up tj s`x @fmnh \rjbìhs#Xcbjrtucmthiy sajjt`cn Brmfh&rmth emccjt kh ghb`chg `c m \rjbìh# WahAR[&R= misj ams s`x Xshr kuttjcs# @fmnh \rjbìhs emc kh mss`nchg tjtahsh kuttjcs ms emc ehrtm`c emfhrm bucet`jcs !Bjeus @cb`c`ty\hmo`cn mcg Mii Uemc‗waèa g`spimys mii emfhrm p`xhis) kut emfhrmfjghs suea ms m sphe`bè brmfh&rmth emccjt kh mss`nchg# @fmnh mcgXshr \rjbìhs emc kh smvhg tj tah emfejrghr jr tj m Fhfjry Utèo#

@cput*Jutput

Emfejrghr pjrts `ceiugh MR&jut !ejfpjs`th v`ghj pius sthrhj mug`j)mcmijn ejfpjchct&jut AGF@&jut ahmgpajch&jut pius `#I@CO XUKmcg IMCE# âhc tah emfhrm `s jphrmt`cn tah H@\ nhchrmths

ucejfprhsshg =77<x=<1<` w`ta m 74;4; ejijr spmeh# G`n`tmi 74;4; gmtmmrh jutput v`m tah AGF@ pjrt waìh 74;4; mcmijn `s jutput v`mejfpjchct&jut# Wahrhbjrh yju emc rhejrg 74;4; i`vh AG v`ghj brjftah emfhrm w`tajut F\HN&; ejfprhss`jc# Wwj&eamcchi mug`j `s jutputjc tah AGF@ pjrt kjta wahc tah emfhrm `s rucc`cn mcg gur`cn tmphpimykmeo#

Wah R=‐s `#I@CO pjrt emc kh ejcchethg tj Ujcy‐s AR[&G[2< !2<NK)amrg g`so rhejrghr tj rhejrg mc AGR*GREMF*GR strhmf# Ujcy‐s AR[&G[2< Amrg G`so [hejrg`cn Xc`t rhejrgs AGR=<1<` brjf mc AGRemfejrghr jr GR strhmf brjf m GREMF emfejrghr# Wah =#1&`cea`cthrcmi AGG jbbhrs m imrnh empme`ty jb 2<NK waèa trmcsimths `ctj mc`fprhss`vh ;><&f`cuths !7#8 ajurs) bjr kjta AGR mcg GREMFrhejrg`cns# Wah AGR=<1<` strhmf `s rhejrghg ms cmt`vh AGR bìhs!#F;W) waìh GREMF jr GR strhmf `s rhejrghg ms GR&MR@ !typh=) jr[M^ GR bìhs#

Wj tr`nnhr rhejrg`cn jb tah AR[&G[2< fjst AGR emfejrghrs rhqu`rh mtmph tj kh ijmghg# Ajwhvhr ta`s `s cjt tah emsh w`ta tah AR[&R=X#Wah AR[&R=X shcgs tah [hejrg Utmrt*Utjp tr`nnhr tamt ejctrjis `tstmph trmcspjrt tj tah AR[&G[2<# Wa`s bhmturh jbbhrs jphrmtjrs taheaj`eh jb tmphihss jphrmt`jc jr aykr`g jphrmt`jc#

Xs`cn tah IEG mcg RB jb tah AR[&R=X yju emc eaheo tah jphrmt`jcmi

stmtus jb tah AR[&G[2< !ejcchet`jc rhejrg stmtus kmtthry ihvhirhfm`c`cn rhejrg`cn t`fh rhejrg`cn bjighr cmfh hte#)#

AR[&R=X G`spimy ![HE)

AR[&R=X G`spimy !UWMWXU EAHEO)

^ahc ejcchethg tj m \E tah AR[&G[2< `s rhejnc`zhg ms m stmcgmrghxthrcmi gr`vh sj yju emc `ffhg`mthiy meehss mcg hg`t tah rhejrghgbjjtmnh# Wa`s smvhs tah t`fh prhv`jusiy rhqu`rhg bjr g`n`t`z`cn fmthr`mibrjf tah tmph tj \E#

Kmtthr`hs

Wah R= sa`ps w`ta mc C\&B8>< !;;<<fMa) tamt prjv`ghs up tj 0<&f`cuths jb rhejrg`cn# Mc jpt`jcmi C\&B0>< kmtthry !22<<fMa)prjv`ghs up tj 8&ajurs jb rhejrg`cn# Ajwhvhr mt 2<<n `t wh`nas 2

t`fhs fjrh tamc tah kucgihg kmtthry# @ rhejffhcg tah sfmiihr mcgi`nathr !;<<n) kmtthry C\&B>>< !77<<fMa) wa`ea prjv`ghs up tj 5&ajurs jb jphrmt`jc mcg b`ts buiiy w`ta`c tah kmtthry whii#






Eampthr 24 AR[&R= mcg AG[&BQ>

Uhtup

Eampthr 2 ejvhrs Ujcy‐s Ujcy R= mcg BQ> emfejrghrs# Wah fmthr`mi prhshcthg gjhs cjt rhpimeh tah emfejrghr‐s gjeufhctmt`jc# Wahsh

ejcthcts mssufh yju amvh rhmg tah emfejrghrs‐ fmcumi mcg mrhbmfì`mr w`ta emfejrghr jphrmt`jc‗`c pmrtèuimr tah cmturh mcg

ijemt`jc jb tah`r fmcy ejctrjis# @b yju amvh cjt rhmg tah fmcumi pihmsh gj sj khbjrh prjehhg`cn#

@fpjrtmct Ujcy `#I@CO @cstmiimt`jc @cbjrfmt`jc4 Emrhfust kh tmohc wahc ejcchet`cn tah Ujcy `#I@CO !@HHH

=507*B@[H^@[H) `ctj yjur \E *FME Ejfputhr jr jtahr Ghvèh# Wah Ujcy `#I@CO ejcchetjr ghs`nc `s gètmthg kytah @HHH =507 `cgustry stmcgmrg mcg tah sjeoht mcg emkihmrh ejcstruethg w`ta m ohyhg nu`gh tj mss`st w`ta prjphr `cstmiimt`jc# @t `s chehssmry tj v`sumiiy ejcb`rf tamt tahpiuns mcg sjeohts mrh i`chg up ejrrhetiy bjr prjphr `cstmiimt`jc mcg tj prhvhct gmfmnh tj tah `cthrcmi e`reu`tryjb tah uc`ts# Hvhc tajuna tah piun mcg sjeoht wìi jciy b`tejfpihthiy tjnhtahr prjphriy `c jch g`rhet`jc tahrh `s stìipjwhr prhshct `b h`tahr ghvèh `s pjwhrhg jc# @b tahrh `s mcmtthfpt tj `cshrt tah piun @CEJ[[HEWIP !wrjcn pjimr`ty)

tah \E * FME Ejfputhr jr jtahr Ghvèh emc suppiy pjwhr tj tah s`ncmi p`c jb tah `#I@CO# Wa`s g`rhetiy ejcchets tj tah`#I@CO @E mcg emc gmfmnh tah e`reu`t# @c jrghr tj prhvhctmee`ghctmi gmfmnh tah bjiijw`cn sthps fust kh bjiijwhgwahc ejcchet`cn GREMF hqu`pfhct tj m \E * FMEEjfputhr jr jtahr Ghvèhs v`m tah `#I@CO \jrt4

=# \jwhr gjwc tah Ejfputhr*Ghvèh mcg tahc tahemfejrghr#

;# Ejcchet tah `#I@CO emkih tj tah Ejfputhr*Ghvèh kyv`sumiiy ejcb`rf`cn prjphr b`t mcg pjimr`ty#

5# Ejcchet tah `#I@CO emkih tj tah GREMF ky v`sumiiyejcb`rf`cn prjphr b`t mcg pjimr`ty#

7# Wurc jc tah pjwhr tj tah Ejfputhr*Ghvèh mcg tahc tahemfejrghr#

\ihmsh rhv`hw tahsh `cstruet`jcs emrhbuiiy# Gmfmnh tj tahGREMF `#I@CO ejfpjchcts emushg ky `fprjphr `cstmiimt`jc `s cjt ejvhrhg ky Ujcy‐s wmrrmcty#

EMFH[M UHW

\j`cthrs tj wjro`cn w`ta tah AG[&BQ>4

HQ\JUX[H*@[@U

Pju emc shihet mfjcn4

Ñ Fuit`&bucet`jc hxpjsurh ejctrji4

HQ\JUX[H = Fmcumiiy mgdust `r`s mcg nm`c kut cjt sautthr&sphhg#

Hxpjsurh = miijws yju tj ejctrji tah `r`s mcg nm`c mbthr tah MHsysthf ams mutj&sht tah sautthr&sphhg# @b yju mrh wìi`cn tj meehpttah emfejrghr‐s sautthr&sphhg eajèh tahc ta`s `s m bmst wmy tjejctrji hxpjsurh# Wah fjgh ams tah mgvmctmnh jb hcmki`cn yju tjsfjjtaiy mgg nm`c wahchvhr chhghg#

Wah R=X mtthfpts tj ush tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgs kmshg upjc taheajshc brmfh&rmth4 =*2<ta bjr 2<`*5X mtthfpts tj ush tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgs kmshg upjc taheajshc brmfh&rmth4 =*2<ta bjr 2<`#

Wah BQ>H mtthfpts tj ush tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgs kmshg upjc taheajshc brmfh&rmth4 =*8<ta bjr 8<`#

HQ\JUX[H ; Fmcumiiy mgdust `r`s kut cjt sautthr&sphhg mcg nm`c#

Hxpjsurh ; !R= jciy) miijws yju tj ejctrji tah @r`s mbthr tah MHsysthf ams mutj&sht tah sautthr&sphhg mcg nm`c# @b yju mrh wìi`cntj meehpt tah emfejrghr‐s eajèhs tahc ta`s `s m bmst wmy tj ejctrjihxpjsurh#

Wj f`c`f`zh tah pjss`kì`ty jb fjv`cn brjf tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgshtt`cns sht MNE I@F@W tj /=;gK mcg MW @[@U IFW tj B8#2# M a`na MNEi`f`t prhvhcts tah sautthr&sphhg brjf kh`cn ijwhrhg#

Wah /=;gK shtt`cn prhvhcts tjj fuea cj`sh brjf nm`c ihvhis mkjvh

/=;gK# M a`na `r`s i`f`t prhvhcts tah sautthr&sphhg brjf kh`cn rm`shg#

M a`na B&stjp prhvhcts tah `r`s brjf khejf`cn tjj sfmii# @ miijw sautthr&sphhg tj vmry brjf tah ghbmuit ky =*;Q mcg ;Q# Gj`cn sj ohhps tah pèturhbrjf hxehss`vh kiur jr strjk`cn# ^`ta 2<` tah rmcnh `s =*5<ta tj =*=;8tawaìh w`ta 8<` tah rmcnh hxthcgs brjf=*;8ta tj =*=<<ta# ^`ta ;7p tah

rmcnh hxthcgs brjf =*;7ta !52<&ghnrhhs) tj =*02ta !0<&ghnrhhs)#

âhc yju ush Hxpjsurh = jr Hxpjsurh ; fjghs yju chhg tj khmwmrh tamt4 tah Uautthr&sphhg kuttjc !H= fjgh) jr Uautthr&sphhgmcg Nm`c kuttjcs !H; fjgh) mrh ’ijeohg‖ prhvhct`cn yju brjf us`cn

tahsh ejctrjis# Ajwhvhr uctì yju prhss tah Fmcumi Hxpjsurhkuttjc‗tah emfhrm `s `c MH fjgh mcg Uautthr&sphhg !H=) jrUautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c !H;) wìi kh mithrhg ky tah emfhrm ms `tjpt`f`zhs hxpjsurh#

Ejcb`rf eurrhct Uautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c mrh ejrrhet khbjrh prhss`cntah Fmcumi Hxpjsurh kuttjc‗waèa metumiiy gjhs ’ijeo‖ Uautthr&sphhg !H=) jr Uautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c !H;)#

@[@U Ejctrji `r`s brjf B=#2&B==#

MH UA@BW K`ms tah mutjfmtè hxpjsurh us`cn MH sa`bt#

MH Ua`bt fjgh wjros hxtrhfhiy whii khemush tah MH systhf `s spjtjc `c fjst s`tumt`jcs# âìh yju fjc`tjr us`cn tah a`stjnrmfg`spimy‗yju emc fmoh quèo mithrmt`jcs tj MH ghthrf`chg hxpjsurhus`cn MH Ua`bt#

Uht MH [HU\JCUH tj @cthii`nhct mcg tah MH systhf wìi `ncjrh kr`hb ìiuf`cmt`jc biuetumt`jcs mcg yht fmoh sfjjta trmcs`t`jcs wahci`nat ihvhis eamcnh#

âhc us`cn MH Ua`bt fjgh kh mwmrh tamt `b yju ihmvh ta`s fjghtah imst sa`bt vmiuh ejct`cuhs tj mithr hxpjsurh#

Pju emc sht tah MH UA@BW vmiuh ky hcthr`cn m sa`bt vmiuh v`m tahfhcu systhf# Wa`s `s m njjg wmy tj erhmth m ejcs`sthct gmro jri`nat ’ijjo#‖ Mithrcmthiy yju emc ghthrf`ch tah ijjo ky mgdust`cntah MH Ua`bt# âhc yju hx`t MH Ua`bt fjgh tah eurrhct sa`bt vmiuhrhfm`cs `c fhfjry# @t wìi jb ejursh rhpimeh mcy vmiuh yjuhcthrhg v`m tah fhcu#






UHCU Uht shcs`t`v`ty tj A`na F`ggih Ijw#

[JWMWH4

CJ[FMI Eijeow`sh rjtmt`jc tj kr`nathc hxpjsurh#

J\\JU@WH Ejucthr&eijeow`sh rjtmt`jc tj gmrohc hxpjsurh#

UFWA UI^ [HE

HQHEXWH Mbthr shihet`cn Hxheuth prhss tah emfejrghr‐s[hejrg kuttjc tj stmrt rhejrg`cn# Cj mug`j `srhejrghg#

[HE W@F@CN4

UWM[W W[@NNH[ ^m`t bjr tah hvhct tj stmrt mcg prhss tah emfejrghr‐s[hejrg Utmrt*Utjp kuttjc# Pju emc stjp rhejrg`cn ky

prhss`cn tah [hejrg Utmrt*Utjp kuttjc mnm`c jr kywm`t`cn bjr tah sij&fj rhejrg`cn tj b`c`sa#

HCG W[@NNH[ \rhss [hejrg Utmrt*Utjp kuttjc mcg wm`t bjr tahhvhct tj hcg‗tahc prhss tah [hejrg kuttjc tj stmrtrhejrg`cn# Pju emc stjp rhejrg`cn ky prhss`cn tah[hejrg Utmrt*Utjp kuttjc mnm`c jr ky wm`t`cn bjr tahsij&fj rhejrg`cn tj b`c`sa# Wa`s fjgh `s `ghmi bjremptur`cn m njib sw`cn#

[HE W@FH4 ; UHE [hejrg mc 1&shejcg fjv`h !R= jciy)#

2 UHE [hejrg m ;7&shejcg fjv`h#

=; UHE [hejrg m 71&shejcg fjv`h !R= jciy)#

ECW[UW HCAE[

Kjta Ejctrmst Hcamceh mcg Kmeoi`nat bucet`jcs ush tah H@\‐s mkì`ty tjshpmrmthiy prjehss +thxturh pmtthrcs+ !ghtmì) mcg +kr`natchss

ejfpjchcts+ !iufm)# Kjta bucet`jcs `cerhmsh ghtmì tamt fmy kha`gghc `c a`na ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs#

JC Ui`natiy i`nathc f`g&tjchs#

JBB ^ahc yju wmct m bimtthr nmffm eurvh#

\[JN# UEMC

[HN@JC 8< Jbb !8<@) jr ;8\

[HN@JC 2< Jbb !2<@) ;7\ ;7\M jr 5<\

UWHMGPUAJW

JBB jr JC Wurc Jbb wahc us`cn tr`pjg#

UWHMGPUAJW WP\H

Eajjsh tah typh jb jphrmt`jc4 Amrg !fmx`fuf hbbhet) UtmcgmrgUjbt !f`c`fuf) mcg ^`gh Ejcv !ush w`ta Ujcy REI&AN<1>; w`ghejcvhrs`jc ihcs)#

EJIJ[ KM[U

WP\H = @WX 2<= !UG) eamrt sajwc khijw#

WP\H ; @WX ><0 !AG) eamrt sajwc khijw#

WP\H 5 H@M Ejijr Kmr eamrt sajwc khijw#

WJCH JC rhejrgs =oAz tjch mt ―;<gK !R= jciy)

Xs`cn EJIJ[ KM[U

Wah ejijr kmrs amvh mc `fpjrtmct purpjsh‗fjc`tjr emi`krmt`jc#

=# Uht yjur AGWR‐s Uamrpchss mt ’=8‖ tj ’;8#‖

;# Uht Ejijr Ihvhi mt ’;8‖ tj ’58#‖

5# Xsh Eamrt Wyph =# M UF\WH eamrt ams m ’piunh‖ !/>#8@[H) kmr tamt`s pimehg khtwhhc !<@[H) buii kimeo kmr mcg m si`natiy i`nathr!/=<@[H) nrmy kmr#

Cjth wahrh ’piunh‖ `s jc tah UF\WH Ejijr Kmrs

7# Khn`c emi`krmt`jc ky mgdust`cn â`th Ihvhi !Ejctrmst*\èturh) uctìtah wa`th ea`p kihmeahs&jut‗mcg tahc kmeo jbb brjf ta`s fuea tjjkr`nat ihvhi# Wypèmiiy ta`s wìi fhmc rhgue`cn Ejctrmst tj khtwhhc><( tj 1<(#

8# Cjw mgdust Kimeo Ihvhi !Kr`natchss) uctì tah puinh `s vhry si`natiyfjrh v`s`kih tamc tah buii kimeo kmr# Khijw yju wìi shh tarhh

`fmnhs‗w`ta tah f`ggih `fmnh kh`cn ejrrhetiy mgdusthg#

Kimeo Ihvhi4 Wjj A`na

Kimeo Ihvhi4 Ejrrhet

Kimeo Ihvhi4 Wjj Ijw

MB MUU@UW

Mutj Bjeus Mss`st bucet`jc miijws tah ushr tj fmcumiiy mithr bjeus wa`ih`c MB fjgh# Jceh hcmkihg wahc yju shh MB `s cjt phrbhet yju emcfmcumiiy ejrrhet `t v`m tah bjeus&r`cn#

BJEXU FME[JJBB Wah eijshst yju emc bjeus `s mkjut ;#8 bhht !1<ef)# Pju emc

bjeus ta`s eijsh `c ^@GH ms whii ms WHIH# Xsh ta`s fjgh wahcsajjt`cn tarjuna bjr hxmfpih m eam`c i`co bhceh#

JC Pju emc bjeus up tj tah ihcs `c ^@GH kut cjt `c WHIH#

MH UA@BW

âhc us`cn MH tah MH systhf ghi`vhrs m phrbhet hxpjsurh `c fjsts`tumt`jcs# Pju fmy prhbhr ajwhvhr tj k`ms tah hxpjsurh gmrohr !&>)jr i`nathr !/>)#

MH [HU\JCUH

âhc us`cn MH tahrh `s tah gmcnhr tamt sjfh hvhct fmy emush mfjfhctmry biuetumt`jc `c tah i`nat bmii`cn jc tah ihcs# Wa`s `c turc emcemush tah hxpjsurh tj fjfhctmrìy sa`bt#

Wah MH rhspjcsh tj ìiuf`cmt`jc eamcnhs emc kh sht tj UIJ^ F@GGIHjr BMUW# Ky shtt`cn tah rhspjcsh tj UIJ^ suea eamcnhs wìi cjt emushmcy eamcnh `c jvhrmii `fmnh kr`natchss# Jb ejursh mc metumi eamcnh `c

sehch ìiuf`cmt`jc wìi kh nrmehbuiiy amcgihg#

MNE I@F@W

MH `s `c jphrmt`jc ucghr fmcy ejcg`t`jcs w`ta tahsh emfejrghrs4 wahcyju mrh us`cn MXWJ fjgh wahc yju ush MH Ua`bt mcg khbjrh yjuprhss tah Hxpjsurh kuttjc wahc `c H= mcg H; fjghs# âhc us`cn MHtah `r`s sautthr&sphhg mcg nm`c mrh brhh tj fjvh tj mcy vmiuh#

@c ta`s emsh yju fmy wmct tj i`f`t tah mfjuct jb nm`c tj JBB !=1gK)

=;gK 2gK jr <gK# Wj prhvhct tah mgg`t`jc jb s`nc`bèmct cj`sh sht tahi`f`t tj /=;gK# âhc yju mrh us`cn H= jr H;‗mbthr yju prhss tahHxpjsurh kuttjc‗yju emc g`mi `c nrhmthr tamc /=;gK nm`c#

MW @[@U IFW

Wah a`nahst qumi`ty `fmnhs mrh jktm`chg wahc tah `r`s `s ch`tahr buiiyjphc cjr buiiy eijshg# !Uhh ’G`bbrmet`jc @cthrbhrhceh‖ `c Eampthr 7#) MH`s `c jphrmt`jc ucghr fmcy ejcg`t`jcs4 wahc yju mrh us`cn MXWJfjgh wahc yju ush MH Ua`bt mcg khbjrh yju prhss tah Hxpjsurhkuttjc wahc `c H= mcg H; fjghs# âhc us`cn MH tah `r`s sautthr&sphhg mcg nm`c mrh brhh tj fjvh tj mcy vmiuh#

@b tah `r`s `s jphc`cn tjj bmr yju emc mgg ìiuf`cmt`jc tj ohhp tah `r`smt b*;#1 jr sfmiihr# âhc us`cn MH ky shtt`cn tah @r`s I`f`t yju emcohhp tah `r`s brjf eijs`cn khijw B7 B8#2 jr B==# @ghmiiy tah `r`s

sajuig cjt eijsh sfmiihr tamc b*7 mitajuna rhmi`stèmiiy yju fmy chhgtj sht tah i`f`t tj b*8#2# âhc yju mrh us`cn H= jr H;‗mbthr yju prhsstah Hxpjsurh kuttjc‗yju emc g`mi `c m sfmiihr hxpjsurh#

MW^*M^K UHCU

âhc us`cn MW^ jr M^K yju emc jpt`f`zh `ts jphrmt`jc ky shihet`cn@CWHII@NHCW tj hcmkih tah emfhrm tj jpt`f`zh tah MW^*M^K ejijrmgdustfhct#

IJ^ pusahs tah ejijr kmimceh wmrfhr !ijwhr)#

A@NA pusahs tah ejijr kmimceh ejjihr !a`nahr)#

Wa`s bucet`jc gjhs cjt wjro jc sukdhets i`t ky suci`nat jr eihmr soy#

ù âhc sajjt`cn ucghr biujrhsehct i`nat`cn shihet IJ^ tj wmrf tah `fmnh

tj prhvhct nrhhc`sa bihsa tjchs#

BIEO[ [HGXEH

Uajjt`cn 2<Az v`ghj `c [hn`jc 8< ejuctr`hs jr sajjt`cn 8<Az v`ghj `c[hn`jc 2< ejuctr`hs y`higs m =<Az khmt bièohr brjf `cemcghsehct mcgbiujrhsehct ìiuf`cmt`jc# @c tahsh s`tumt`jcs yju sajuig hcnmnh tahbièohr bìthr tj mtthcumth tah =<Az khmt brhquhcey# Ajwhvhr tah bìthrfmy cjt kh hbbhet`vh w`ta ’hchrny smv`cn‖ biujrhsehct imfps#

AMCGIH TJJF

Uht tah zjjf sphhg bjr tah twj&pjs`t`jc Tjjf Uphhg sw`tea jc tahemfejrghrs‐ amcgih#

I Uphhg = !sijwhst) tj 1 !bmsthst)

A Uphhg = !sijwhst) tj 1 !bmsthst)

UAJW W[MCU

@b yju hvhr wjrohg `c m fjghrc i`nat kjjta `c m tahmthr yju ocjw tamttah i`nat`cn bjr m ejfpihx pimy `s jrnmc`zhg ms m shr`hs jb ’euhs‖ Hmeaeuh ghb`chs tah ihvhis bjr mii i`nats# Pju sht&up euhs mahmg jb t`fh#Wahc gur`cn tah pimy wahchvhr yju shh jr ahmr m euh brjf tah stmnhyju chhg jciy prhss jch kuttjc mcg mii i`nats tmoh jc tah`r prh&

mss`nchg ihvhis# Ujcy ams krjunat ta`s ejcehpt tj tah R= mcg BQ># Pjusht&up m Uajt ky mgdust`cn mcy jr mii jb tah bjiijw`cn pmrmfhthrs4

Ñ Tjjf

Ñ Bjeus

Ñ Mphrturh

Ñ Nm`c

Ñ â`th Kmimceh

Ñ Uautthr&sphhg

Ñ Mug`j Ihvhi!s)

Khijw yju wìi shh tarhh `fmnhs# Wah r`natfjst !M) sajws tah pèturhkh`cn empturhg wahc h`tahr UAJW = jr UAJW ; wms prhsshg# Wah

ihbtfjst !K) sajws tah pèturh kh`cn empturhg wahc tah jtahr UAJWkuttjc wms prhsshg# Cjw wahc yju mrh sajjt`cn yju chhg jciy nhctiyprhss tah UAJW W[MCU@W@JC kuttjc tj kr`cn mkjut tah trmcs`t`jc# Wahf`g&pj`ct jb tah trmcs`t`jc `s sajwc `c tah f`ggih pèturh#

@c mgg`t`jc ky nj`cn tj tah emfejrghrs‐ fhcu yju emc sht&up shvhrmitrmcs`t`jc pmrmfhthrs#

W[MCU W@FH‗jciy R=

Eajjsh tah t`fh `t tmohs tj fmoh tah trmcs`t`jc brjf jch pèturhghb`c`t`jc tj tah jtahr pèturh trmcs`t`jc4 5#8 7#< jr =8#< shejcgs#

W[MCU EX[RH

Eajjsh tah typh jb trmcs`t`jc4 I@CHM[ UJBW UWJ\ jr UJBW W[MCU#

UWM[W W@FH[‗jciy R=

Uhts tah ghimy t`fh bjr tah stmrt jb Uajt Wrmcs`t`jc# Wah stmrt t`fhr amsm shihetmkih 8& =<& jr ;<&shejcg ghimy mbthr yju stmrt rhejrg`cn#

@CWH[RMI [HE‗GR jciy

JBB jr JC

[HE W@FH <#8 she = she =#8 she jr ; she

@CWH[RMI 5< she = f`c 8 f`c jr =< f`c

GR B[MFH [HE

Jciy mvmìmkih `c GR jr GREMF !R= jciy) fjgh# [hejrgs 2 brmfhswahc sht tj [hn`jc 2< jr 8 brmfhs wahc sht tj [hn`jc 8<#

KMEOI@NAW

JC @cerhmshs hxpjsurh ky mkjut =#8 stjps# Wah Kmeoi`nat bucet`jcushs tah H@\‐s mkì`ty tj shpmrmthiy prjehss +thxturh pmtthrcs+!ghtmì) mcg +kr`natchss ejfpjchcts+ !iufm)#

Pju emccjt hcnmnh Kmeoi`nat wahc yju amvh fmcumiiy sht

; jb tahsh 5 pmrmfhthrs4 sautthr&sphhg nm`c mcg `r`s#






U\JWI@NAW

JC Gherhmshs hxpjsurh ky mkjut =#8 stjps#

Pju emccjt hcnmnh Upjti`nat wahc yju amvh fmcumiiy sht; jb tahsh 5 pmrmfhthrs4 sautthr&sphhg nm`c mcg `r`s#

AP\H[ NM@C

Wah Ayphr&nm`c bucet`jc hcmkihs `fmnh mequ`s`t`jc `c hxtrhfh ijw&i`natejcg`t`jcs ky us`cn /52gK jb v`ghj nm`c#

G# HQWHCGH[

JC G`n`tmi zjjf ky =#8Q# Emccjt kh ushg `c ;7p fjgh#

BMGH[ @t `s chvhr m njjg `ghm tj mppiy BQ gur`cn sajjt`cn#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =><

MXG@J UHW

MXG@J [HE IR‗BQ> jciy

MXWJ*FMCXMI4

MXWJ M ’i`f`thr‖ `s hcnmnhg tj prhvhct mug`j ihvhis jc kjtaeamcchis brjf rhmea`cn <gK#

FMCXMI Xsh tah IHRHI ejctrji tj fmcumiiy mgdust tah mug`j ihvhi jb kjta eamcchis#

IHRHI G`mi tah ghs`rhg ihvhi#

GR MX# FJGH

R=4 H`tahr BU5;O !5;oAz mt =;&k`ts) jr BU71O !71oAz mt =2&k`ts)smfpi`cn emc kh shihethg wahc tah [hejrg fjgh `s sht tj GR#Uhihet`cn =;&k`t hcmkihs m shejcg gumi&eamcchi rhejrg`cn tj kh gukkhgjctj m tmph# GREMF `s miwmys rhejrghg mt BU71O !71oAz mt =2&k`ts)#AGR `s miwmys g`n`t`zhg mt =2&k`t mt 71oAz#

BQ>4 H`tahr =;&k`t !5;oAz) jr =2&k`t !71oAz) smfpi`cn emc kh shihethgwahc tah [hejrg fjgh `s sht tj GR# Uhihet`cn =;&k`t hcmkihs m shejcgsthrhj rhejrg`cn tj kh gukkhg jctj m tmph# AGR `s miwmys g`n`t`zhg mt

=2&k`t mt 71oAz#

F@E C[

Fèrjpajch cj`sh rhguet`jc emc kh sht Jc jr Jbb# âhc `t `s Jc mc jutjb pamsh s`ncmi jb tah emfejrghr.s fheamcèmi cj`sh `s nhchrmthg mcgushg tj emcehi tah fheamcèmi cj`sh#

QI[ UHW

Wah R=‐s QI[s emc kh shihethg ms `cghphcghct eamcchis !QI[= tj Ea=

mcg QI[; tj Ea;) jr fjcmurmi !QI[= tj Ea=/Ea;)# @c tah imtthr emshtah mug`j ihvhi emc jciy kh mgdusthg us`cn EA= mug`j ihvhi ejctrji#

UH\M[MWH jr I@COHG Pju emc eajjsh tj I`co tah MNE bjr tah twjeamcchis jr ohhp tahf Uhpmrmth# âhc yjumrh rhejrg`cn sthrhj sjucg tah MNE sajuig kh

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =>=

i`cohg# @c mii jtahr s`tumt`jcs yju gj cjt wmctMNE i`cohg#

@C\XW= IHRHI Mug`j eamcchi = emc kh sht tj Fè jr I`ch ihvhi#

@C\XW= W[@F Mug`j eamcchi = ams Wr`f ihvhi mgdustfhct `cjrghr tj mgdust s`ncmi `cput tj tah emfejrghr‐s`cput mug`j e`reu`t mcg prhvhct jvhrijmg`cn# @temc kh sht tj4 &=2gK &1gK jr <gK#

ây gj @ Chhg tj Xsh Wr`f:

Brjf m g`n`tmi v`hwpj`ct `t `s `ghmi `b m rhejrg`cn ushs mii k`ts `c tah g`n`tmi’wjrgs‖ rhprhshct`cn mug`j smfpihs# Bjr =2&k`t g`n`tmi mug`j mc mug`j

s`ncmi `s jpt`fmi wahc `t `ceiughs vmiuhs brjf zhrj tj 28852# Pju gj cjtwmct mii tah mug`j `cbjrfmt`jc kuceahg up chmr zhrj jr chmr 28852#

Fèrjpajchs jutput g`bbhrhct s`ncmi ihvhis bjr tah smfh sjucg ihvhi# Fèsjutput ihvhis mrh sphe`b`hg `c gK# Pjur Fè sajuig amvh m sphe`bèmt`jc#Wypèmiiy Fè shcs`t`v`ty vmr`hs brjf ―7<gK tj ―><gK# Wah sfmiihr tah

chnmt`vh vmiuh tah a`nahr tah s`ncmi ihvhi#

Wah Ujcy‐s Fè `cput shcs`t`v`ty `s sphe`b`hg mt ―2<gK waèa fhmcs `b yjurFè‐s shcs`t`v`ty `s nrhmthr jr ijwhr yju sajuig ush tah Wr`f ejctrji tjfmoh m fmtea# Bjr hxmfpih `b yjur Fè ams m ―8<gK rmt`cn sht tah tr`f tj

―1gK#

Ky shtt`cn tah Wr`f ihvhi bjr hmea F@E tah Fè ’shcs`t`v`ty‖ !jutput ihvhi) `s

fmteahg tj tah emfejrghr‐s `cput e`reu`t# Cjw tah rmcnh jb sjucg ihvhissajuig y`hig tah ejrrhet rmcnh jb g`n`tmi mug`j vmiuhs‗mssuf`cn h`tahr tahemfejrghr‐s MNE `s hcnmnhg jr yju sht tah fmcumi ihvhi ejrrhetiy#

@C\XW= ^@CG Hcmkih jr g`smkih tah ^`cg Cj`sh bìthr bjreamcchi =#

@C\XW; IHRHI Mug`j eamcchi ; emc kh sht tj Fè jr I`ch ihvhi#

@C\XW; W[@F Mug`j eamcchi ; ams Wr`f ihvhi mgdustfhct `cjrghr tj mgdust s`ncmi `cput tj tah mug`j e`reu`tmcg prhvhct jvhrijmg# @t emc kh sht tj4 &=2gK&1gK jr <gK#

@C\XW; ^@CG Hcmkih jr g`smkih tah ^`cg Cj`sh bìthr bjreamcchi ;#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =>;

Wah Fyta jb Fmcumi Ihvhi Ejctrji

Mifjst mii sjucg typhs emc kh amcgihg ky =2&k`t mug`j khemush `t prjv`ghsm 02gK gycmfè rmcnh# Jb ejursh tah hihetrjcès mcg F\HN&= hcejg`cngj cjt hcmkih ta`s rmcnh tj kh mea`hvhg#

âhc =2&k`t g`n`tmi mug`j `s ejfk`chg w`ta tah I`f`thr bucet`jc tahrh `scjrfmiiy cj chhg bjr fmcumi mug`j ejctrji jc `cg`v`gumi mug`j eamcchis#

’Nm`c r`g`cn‖ `s typèmiiy cjt chehssmry#

@c bmet tahrh `s jbthc cj chhg tj fmcumiiy ejctrji mug`j nm`c ms jch wjuiggj w`ta mc mcmijn rhejrg`cn systhf# Waus MNE fmy kh ushg ihmv`cnfmcumi ejctrji bjr jciy tajsh s`tumt`jcs wahc sjucg ihvhis mrh vhry ijug!sj ms tj f`c`f`zh i`f`thr met`jc) jr vhry sjbt !tj hcsurh fjrh k`ts emrry

`cbjrfmt`jc)#

MXG@J EA UHIEA=EA; Jutput gumi EA= mcg EA; eamcchi mug`j#

EA= Jciy EA= !ihbt) brjf kjta Ihbt mcg [`nat jutput#

EA; Jciy EA; !r`nat) brjf kjta Ihbt mcg [`nat jutput#

GR MXG@J F@Q

EA=EA; Uhihet tah jr`n`cmi EA=EA; mug`j#

F@Q F`x jr`n`cmi EA=EA; trmeo mcg gukkhg EA5EA7 trmeo#

EA5EA7 Uhihet tah gukkhg EA5EA7 mug`j#

FXIW@&UJXCG‗BQ> jciy

UWH[HJ \imys Uthrhj mug`j jr Fm`c mcg Uuk&eamcchi#

= \imys Ihbt mug`j jr Fm`c#

; \imys [`nat mug`j jr Uuk&eamcchi#

GR MXG@J F@Q‗BQ> jciy

UW= Uhihet tah jr`n`cmi sthrhj mug`j#

F@Q F`x jr`n`cmi sthrhj trmeo = mcg gukkhg sthrhj trmeo ;#

UW; Uhihet tah gukkhg sthrhj mug`j#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =>5

G@U\IMP UHW

\HMO@CN

JBB jr JCEJIJ[ Wah emfejrghrs. bhmturh m ’phmo`cn‖ bucet`jc tamt pimehs m

ejijrhg juti`ch jc samrp hgnhs tamt mrh `c bjeus# Pju emcghb`ch tah phmo`cn ejijr ms wa`th yhiijw jr rhg#

Wa`s systhf ams tw`c `ssuhs4 sjbt hgnhs iòh m eijsh&up jb mbmeh fmy cjt kh juti`chg waìh mt jtahr t`fhs hvhryta`cn `sjuti`chg# Wah imtthr `cgèmt`jc waìh shhf`cniy uciòhiy `squ`th vmi`g khemush tah sfmii EFJU ea`ps erhmth m vhryghhp GJB#

IHRHI \hmo`cn hgnh w`gta emc kh shihethg brjf A@NA F@GGIHjr IJ^#

A@UWJN[MF

M a`stjnrmf `s m nrmpa tamt g`spimys kr`natchss ihvhis brjf tah gmrohsttj tah kr`nathst mrrmyhg merjss tah kjttjf jb tah nrmpa brjf ihbt!gmrohst mt <@[H) tj r`nat !kr`nathst mt =<1@[H)# Wah vhrtèmi mx`ssajws ajw fuea jb tah `fmnh `s bjucg mt mcy pmrtèuimr kr`natchss

ihvhi#

@b yju hcmkih tah Thkrm mc jrmcnh kmr wìi kh pimehg mpprjpr`mthiy `ctah a`stjnrmf# @b yju ush Thkrm @ rhejffhcg shihet`cn =<<@[H#

^`ta ijw&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs tah a`stjnrmf b`iis jciy m pjrt`jc jb tahnrmpa# @c ta`s emsh gj cjt try tj mithr tah hxpjsurh tj ehcthr taha`stjnrmf# Ajwhvhr `b tah a`stjnrmf `s kuceahg up mnm`cst tah ihbthgnh yju f`nat try `cerhms`cn tah hxpjsurh m k`t tj shh `b yju emcucejvhr `cbjrfmt`jc tamt ams khhc erusahg `ctj kimeo# !Mssuf`cn jb ejursh yju mrh cjt try`cn tj erusa tah gmro samghs#) @b cj `cbjrfmt`jc

`s rhvhmihg rhsht tah hxpjsurh#

Ejcvhrshiy `b tah a`stjnrmf `s kuceahg up mnm`cst tah r`nat hgnh yjufust gherhmsh tah hxpjsurh tj ihmvh sjfh spmeh khtwhhc tah a`nahsts`ncmi ihvhi mcg tah fmx`fuf s`ncmi ihvhi# @b tah a`stjnrmf `s kuceahgup mnm`cst tah Thkrm kmr tah fmx`fuf s`ncmi `s mt mc meehptmkihihvhi# @c bmet m k`t jb s`ncmi emc erjss tah Thkrm kmr#

^`ta a`na&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs tah a`stjnrmf b`iis fjst jb m nrmpa# Jcehmnm`c eaheo tah ihbt mcg r`nat hgnhs jb tah a`stjnrmf#

Hvhctumiiy tah prjehss jb ijjo`cn mt tah a`stjnrmf mcg try`cn*fmo`cnf`cjr hxpjsurh mgdustfhcts khejfhs shejcg cmturh#

FM[OH[

JBB jr JC

EHCWH[ Jbb jr Jc

MU\HEW Jbb 745 =540 =740 =840 !R= jciy)

UMBHWP TJCH Jbb 1<( 0<( !R= jciy)

NX@GHB[MFH Jbb jr Jc

Mii fmrohrs emc kh g`spimyhg s`fuitmchjusiy#

HQ\# BJEXU WP\H

WP\H = Wah `fmnh `s hcimrnhg#

WP\H ; Wah `fmnh `s hcimrnhg mcg g`spimyhg `c K"^#

MIIUEMC FJGH

Mii Uemc Fjgh `s ushg tj fmoh v`s`kih tah hct`rh v`ghj brmfh# @t

bucet`jcs fuea iòh tah +Xcghr Uemc+ jc m fjc`tjr# Wa`s emc kh vhryushbui wahc yju chhg tj kh meeurmthiy brmfhg#

EMF GMWM GU\

JC @r`s sautthr&sphhg mcg nm`c shtt`cns mrh ejcstmctiy g`spimyhg#

MX# IRI G@U\

JC G`spimy tah mug`j fhthrs#

TJJF G@U\IMP

Wah Tjjf G`spimy typh emc kh shihethg tj kh Kmr jr Cufkhr# âhcCufkhr `s shihethg tah zjjf wìi kh g`spimyhg ms m cufkhr brjf < tj00# Wa`s `s ushbui bjr rhfhfkhr`cn tah zjjf pjs`t`jc#

BJEXU G@U\IMP

Wah Bjeus G`spimy emc kh g`spimyhg `c Fhthrs jr Bhht#

UAXWWH[ G@U\

Wah Uautthr&sphhg emc kh g`spimyhg ms `ts [he`prjemi jr Ghnrhhs# XshUautthr&sphhg bjr 8<` mcg 2<`# Bjr ;7p ;8p mcg 5<p? ush Ghnrhhs#

@C*JXW [HE

[HE BJ[FMW

R=4 Uhihet =<1<` jr GR*GREMF rhejrg`cn#

BQ>4 Uhihet =<1<` jr GR rhejrg`cn#

RE[ AGR*GR

MXWJ âhc pimy`cn m tmph kjta AGR mcg GR*GREMF shnfhcts wìikh jutput v`m tah `#I@CO pjrt# âhc rhejrg`cn tah `#I@CO`cput emc kh h`tahr AGR jr GR*GREMF# Jciy tah R= emc pimyjr rhejrg GREMF#

AGR âhc pimy`cn m tmph jciy AGR shnfhcts wìi kh jutput v`mtah `#I@CO pjrt# âhc rhejrg`cn tah `#I@CO `cput fust kh

AGR `c jrghr tj kh rhejrghg#GR âhc pimy`cn m tmph jciy GR*GREMF shnfhcts wìi kh

jutput v`m tah `#I@CO pjrt# âhc rhejrg`cn tah `#I@CO `cputfust kh GR*GREMF `c jrghr tj kh rhejrghg# Jciy tah R= emcpimy jr rhejrg GREMF#

G`sejcchet tah `#I@CO emkih khbjrh sw`tea`cn fjghs#

GR [HE FJGH‗jciy R=

GREMF [hejrgs GR;8 w`ta m =8&fèrjc trmeo p`tea tamt rhguehsrhejrg`cn t`fh ky 8<&phrehct# GREMF ushs ijeohg 71oAzmug`j# Wahrh `s cj `fmnh jr mug`j qumi`ty mgvmctmnh tjGREMF#

GR U\ [hejrgs GR;8 U\ w`ta m =<&fèrjc trmeo p`tea#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc =>>

GR [HE FJGH‗jciy BQ>

U\ [hejrgs GR U\ w`ta m =<&fèrjc trmeo p`tea#

I\ [hejrgs GR;8 I\# Ijcn \imy prjv`ghs =#8Q nrhmthr rhejrg`cn

t`fh mt ijwhr qumi`ty#

Gj cjt ush I\#

GR ^@GH [HE

R=4 Jbb jr Jc tj rhejrg w`ghserhhc !=240) mcmfjrpaè GR jr GREMF#

BQ>4 Jbb jr Jc tj rhejrg w`ghserhhc !=240) mcmfjrpaè GR#

HQW [HE EW[I Hcmkihs hxthrcmi ghvèhs suea ms RW[s jr AGG rhejrghrs tj khejctrjiihg v`m `#I@CO# [hejrg Ejctrji fjgh mcg Utmcg&ky ejffmcgfjghs mrh `c tah Hxthrcmi [hejrg Ejctrji fhcu#

Wah [hejrg Ejctrji Fjgh fhcu emc misj kh ushg tj shihetUycearjcjus jr [himy jphrmt`jc# Uycearjcjus stmrts tah rhejrg`cnprjehss `c kjta tah hxthrcmi ghvèh mcg tah emfejrghr s`fuitmchjusiy#[himy stmrts tah hxthrcmi ghvèh wahc tah emfejrghr `s stjpphg#

Wah Utmcg&ky Ejffmcg fhcu emc shihet khtwhhc [hejrg \mush mcgUtjp# [hejrg \mush emc tr`nnhr tah hxthrcmi ghvèh wahc [hejrg\mush kuttjc `s pusahg# âhc Utjp `s eajshc tah emfejrghr‐s Utjpkuttjc tr`nnhrs tah rhejrghr tj stjp#

AGF@

âhc mc AGF@ emkih `s `c`t`miiy ejcchethg tj mcjtahr ghvèh tahtrmcsf`tthr !`c yjur R=) rhmgs m shr`mi HH\[JF fhfjry ghvèh !HG@G)`c tah fjc`tjr tj jktm`c tah g`spimy‐s empmkì`t`hs# @b tah amcgsamohghthrf`chs tamt tah ghvèh emc meehpt =<1<`‗tahc =<1<` `s shct# @b tahamcgsamoh ghthrf`chs tamt tah ghvèh emc jciy meehpt 71<`*8>2`‗tahc71<`*8>2` `s shct# âhc tah AGF@ ea`p shcshs tamt mc AGF@ `cthrbmehmeehpts jciy >;;<p8< jr >;<p2< `s shct# @c ta`semsh4

=# Wah AGF@ ea`p gjwcsemihs =77< tj =;1< waìh `t up&semihs 87< tj>;<# Wah rhsuit `s >;<p8< jr >;<p2< waèa `s jutput v`m AGF@#

Wah R=‐s =<1<`2<*;7p `s cjt ejcvhrthg tj DRE.s \rjAG >;<p;7khemush DRE ushs [hphmt Bimns‗cjt ;&5 puiigjwc#

;# @b yju mrh pimy`cn m =<1<`8< jr =<1<`2< AGR tmph# Wah 74;4<F\HN&; `s ghejghg mcg earjfm up&semihg tj m 74;4;# Wah AGF@ea`p gjwcsemihs =77< tj =;1< waìh `t up&semihs 87< tj >;<# Wahrhsuit `s >;<p8< jr >;<p2< waèa `s jutput v`m AGF@#

5# @b yju pimy m >;<p5< jr >;<p2< tmph‗tah R=*BQ> trmcspjrt wìipimy tah tmph mcg ghejgh tah >;;;<p;7 \rjAG tmphsemccjt kh pimyhg kmeo#)

EJF\JCHCW71<`*8>2` Uhihet wahc yjur fjc`tjr emccjt `cput mc AG mcmijn

ejfpjchct s`ncmi#

=<1<`*71<`*8>2` Uhihet wahc yjur fjc`tjr emc `cput m =<1<` AGmcmijn ejfpjchct s`ncmi#

Ejfpjs`th mcg U&v`ghj jutput mrh miwmys jutput ms 71<`*8>2`#

Ejcvhrs`jc tj CWUE jr \MI

[hfhfkhr tamt ms sjjc ms AGR v`ghj `s ejcvhrthg tj CWUE jr \MI

mi`mshg g`mnjcmis ms whii ms CWUE erjss&ejijr mcg erjss&iuf`cmcehmrt`bmets wìi khejfh mppmrhct# Mrt`bmets wìi kh hvhc wjrsh `b mejfpjs`th v`ghj ejcchet`jc `s ushg# GR mcg GREMF !R= jciy) wìimiwmys kh jutput v`m AGF@ ms 71<`*8>2`#

@#I@CO EJCR

JBB wahc pimy`cn m tmph kjta AGR mcg GR*GREMF shnfhcts wìi khjutput v`m tah `#I@CO pjrt# !Jciy tah R= emc pimy GREMF#)

JC wahc pimy`cn m tmph AGR shnfhcts wìi kh gjwcejcvhrthg tjGR mcg jutput v`m tah `#I@CO pjrt# GR*GREMF shnfhcts wìi misjkh jutput v`m `#I@CO# !Jciy tah R= emc pimy GREMF#)

G`sejcchet tah `#I@CO emkih khbjrh sw`tea`cn#

AGR emc kh ejcvhrthg mcg jutput v`m `#I@CO ms w`ghserhhc!mcmfjrpaè) GR ms sajwc khijw#

GJ^C EJCRH[W

@b hcmkihg wahc pimy`cn m tmph AGR shnfhcts wìi kh jutput ms71<`*8>2` UG v`m tah mcmijn ejfpjchct ejcchetjrs# Warhhgjwcejcvhrs`jc jpt`jcs mrh mvmìmkih# Ch`tahr tah `#I@CO pjrt cjr tahAGF@ pjrt `s ejctrjiihg ky ta`s fhcu#






U]XHHTH @b yjur fjc`tjr `s =240 tah Uquhhzh !mcmfjrpaè)gjwcejcvhrt jpt`jc sajuig kh shihethg#

IHWWH[KJQ @b yjur fjc`tjr `s 745 tah Ihtthrkjx gjwcejcvhrtjpt`jc sajuig kh shihethg# !Cjt mvmìmkih v`m `#I@CO#)

HGNH E[J\ Wa`s fjgh prjv`ghs m 745 w`cgjw ehcthrhg w`ta`c =240v`ghj# Wah w`cgjw suppi`hs v`ghj tamt wìi bìi m 745serhhc# !Cjt mvmìmkih v`m `#I@CO#)

âhc pimy`cn w`ghserhhc mcmfjrpaè GR jr GREMF v`ghj `s jutputw`ta tah ^`gh Bimn !@G&=) sht# @b yjur fjc`tjr emc shcsh ta`s bimn `twìi mutj&sw`tea tj =240#

M gjwcejcvhrthg mcmijn jutput emc kh ejcchethg tj mc CWUE jr \MIRW[‗jr tj mc hg`t`cn systhf#

WR WP\H‗jciy BQ>

=240 shihet ta`s jpt`jc `b yjur WR ams m =240 msphet&rmt`j#

745 Uhihet ta`s jpt`jc `b yjur WR ams m 745 msphet&rmt`j#






WE*XK UHW

WE \[HUHW

\rjv`ghs m W`fhejgh prhsht bucet`jc# Xsh tah ajur vmiuh tj ghb`ch m ’rhhi‖ cufkhr sj ky ijjo`cn mt tah t`fhejgh wahc ijnn`cn mcg hg`t`cnyju ocjw hxmetiy waèa emsshtth tah sajt emfh brjf#

XK \[HUHW

\rjv`ghs m Xshrk`t prhsht bucet`jc# Xsh tahsh k`ts tj ghb`ch er`tèmi`cbjrfmt`jc mkjut tah fmthr`mi ejctm`chg jc tah tmph#

WE BJ[FMW

MXWJ Xshs GB jr CGB kmshg jc tah t`fhejgh mirhmgy jc m tmph#GB GB `s usumiiy ushg bjr v`ghj wjro#

CGB CGB `s ushg bjr bìf wjro#

WE [XC

WE [XC Emushs t`fhejgh tj mgvmceh jciy wahc sajjt`cn#Xsh ta`s fjgh wahc yju chhg ejct`cujus t`fhejgh#

B[HH [XC Wah t`fhejgh rucs hvhc wahc tah emfejrghr `spmushg#

WE FMOH

\[HUHW Pju sht tah stmrt`cn vmiuh#

[HNHCH[MWH Wah t`fhejgh rhbihet tah t`fhejgh mirhmgy jc m tmph#

WE I@CO Ejcsuit Ujcy fmcumi#

WE*XK G@U\4

WE G`spimy t`fhejgh#

X&K@W G`spimy ushr&k`ts#XK W@FH [HE4

JC Uhts tah Xshr K`ts brjf tah emfejrghrs‐ rhmit`fh eijeo#

JBB Cj rhmit`fh eijeo#






JWAH[U

EMFH[M \[JB

Wah BQ> emccjt stjrh m prjbìh tj m Fhfjry Utèo#

MUU@NC KWC

MUU@NC=4 BJEXU FME[J

MUU@NC;4 \HMO@CN

MUU@NC54 MIIUEMC FJGH

MUU@NC74 R@GHJ jr E@CHFM

MUU@NC84 A@# EJCW[MUW jr E@CH A@# ECW MUU@NC24 IJ# EJCW[MUW jr E@CH IJ# ECW

\AJWJ*HQ\#BJEXU

\AJWJ4 Wah \AJWJ kuttjc empturhs m stìi hxehpt `c ;7p fjgh#

HQ\# BJEXU4 Wr`nnhrs Hxpmcghg Bjeus#

Ejfpjs`th mcg U&v`ghj @cput

Xciòh sjfh AGR mcg fjst GR emfejrghrs yju emccjt rhejrg CWUEjr \MI GR*GREMF v`m tah Ejfpjs`th jr U&v`ghj ejcchet`jcs#

@t `s chvhr pjss`kih tj rhejrg AG us`cn tahsh mcmijnejcchetjrs khemush tahy emccjt emrry AG#

`#I@CO @cput

Wah emfejrghrs amvh mc `#I@CO pjrt tamt emc `cput F\HN&; !AGR) jr

GR !BQ>) ms whii ms GR jr GREMF !R=)#âhc rhejrg`cn w`ghserhhc !mcmfjrpaè) GR jr GREMF tamt ams tah^`gh Bimn sht tah v`ghj `s rhejrghg w`ta tah ^`gh Bimn sht#

Xsh tah fhcu systhf tj shihet [HE BJ[FMW#

R=4 Uhihet =<1<` jr GR jr GREMF rhejrg`cn#

BQ>4 Uhihet =<1<` jr GR rhejrg`cn#

Pju emccjt upejcvhrt UG v`ghj tj AG v`ghj#

Wah `#I@CO pjrt emccjt `cput >;<p;7 >;<p5< jr >;<p2<AGR*\rjAG#

@fmnh \rjbìhs Utmrt`cn \j`cts

Ahrh mrh fy tarhh 2<` \rhshts4

\rjbìh Cmfh OchhKimeo

Ejfphcsmt`jcE`chfmtjch

NmffmEjijr Ihvhi

\\7 R@GHJ MXWJ JBB JBB /=

\\8 A@# EJCW[MUW IJ^ UW[HMWEA JBB <

\\2 IJ# EJCW[MUW MXWJ EJF\[HUU JBB /;

Mcg fy tarhh ;7p \rhshts4

\rjbìh Cmfh Ochh KimeoEjfphcsmt`jc

E`chfmtjchNmffm

Ejijr Ihvhi

\\7 E@CHFM MXWJ JBB WP\H = <

\\8 E@CH A@# ECW IJ^ EJF\[HUU JBB &=

\\2 E@CH IJ# ECW MXWJ JBB WP\H ; /=

Eampthr >4 AR[&R= mcg AG[&BQ>

Uajjt`cn Nu`gh

Eampthr > prjv`ghs m Uajjt`cn Nu`gh bjr Ujcy R= mcg BQ> emfejrghrs#Wah fmthr`mi prhshcthg gjhs cjt rhpimeh tah emfejrghr‐s

gjeufhctmt`jc# Wahsh ejcthcts mssufh yju amvh rhmg tah emfejrghrs‐ fmcumi mcg mrh bmfì`mr w`ta emfejrghr jphrmt`jc‗`c pmrtèuimr tah

cmturh mcg ijemt`jc jb tah`r fmcy ejctrjis# @b yju amvh cjt rhmg tahfmcumi pihmsh gj sj khbjrh prjehhg`cn#

Wa`s Eampthr prhshcts `cbjrfmt`jc `c b`vh pmrts4

Khbjrh tah Uajjt

Mutjfmtè Uajjt`cnHT Uajjt`cn

Nm`c`cn Ejctrji

\hrbhet`cn Ejctrji

Khbjrh tah Uajjt

âhc tah emfhrms mrh ucghr ’mutjfmtè‖ ejctrji `t ushs tah prhsht

vmiuhs `c tah fhcu systhf# Iht‐s ijjo mt tahf `c b`vh nrjups4 EjijrHxpjsurh Bjeus Nhchrmi mcg Mug`j#

Ejijr Uhtt`cns

Ejijr Ihvhi

Uht tj ―1 bjr K"^# ―> !ijw) tj /> !a`na)# Wah rmcnh jb ejijrmgdustfhct `s i`f`thg# Warhh rhejffhcghg 2<` \rhshts4

\rjbìh Xsh @c Cmfh Ejijr Ihvhi

\\7 Cjrfmi U`tumt`jcs R@GHJ /=

\\8 A`na Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs A@# EJCW[MUW <

\\2 Ijw Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs IJ# EJCW[MUW /;

Warhh rhejffhcghg ;7p*;8p \rhshts4

\rjbìh Xsh @c Cmfh Ejijr Ihvhi

\\7 Cjrfmi U`tumt`jcs E@CHFM <

\\8 A`na Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs E@CH A@# ECW &=

\\2 Ijw Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs E@CH IJ# ECW /=

Ejijr \amsh

―> !nrhhc`sa) tj /> !rhgg`sa)# @ gj cjt rhejffhcg eamcn`cn tah vmiuhbrjf zhrj#

MW^*M^K UHCU

âhc us`cn MW^ jr M^K yju emc jpt`f`zh `ts jphrmt`jc ky shihet`cn@CWHII@NHCW tj hcmkih tah emfhrm tj jpt`f`zh tah MW^*M^K ejijrmgdustfhct# Xsh @CWHII@NHCW hxehpt4

ù âhc sajjt`cn ucghr biujrhsehct i`nat`cn shihet IJ^ tj wmrf tah `fmnhtj prhvhct nrhhc`sa bihsa tjchs#

Hxpjsurh Uhtt`cns

MH UA@BW

Pju emc k`ms tah hxpjsurh gmrohr !&>) jr i`nathr !/>)# Ihmvh mt tahghbmuit ’<‖ vmiuh#

MH [HU\JCUH

Uht tah rhspjcsh tj UIJ^#

MNE I@F@W

Uht tah i`f`t tj /=;gK# Wah mfjuct jb cj`sh mgghg wìi kh f`c`fmi#

Nm`c mt <gK

Nm`c mt /=;gK

MW @[@U IFW

Uht tah i`f`t tj b*8#2#

ECW[UW HCAE[

@cerhmsh ghtmì tamt fmy kh a`gghc `c a`na ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs# Wahghbmuit `s JC waèa si`natiy i`nathcs f`g&tjchs# Xcihss yju amvh msphe`bè rhmsjc bjr gmrohr f`g&tjchs ihmvh JC#






Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc

Kimeo Utrhtea

âhc Kimeo Utrhtea `s hcnmnhg tah rhimt`jcsa`p khtwhhc i`nat `cputmcg rhejrghg s`ncmi `s mithrhg tj `cerhmsh samgjw ghtmì‗ms sajwckhijw# @ rhejffhcg hcmki`cn Kimeo Utrhtea `c a`na&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs#@t `s m ohy bhmturh jb tah R= mcg BQ>#

Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc4 Utrhmtea

Cjrfmi Nmffm w`ta Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc Jbb

Kimeo Ejfprhssâhc Kimeo Ejfprhss `s hcmkihg tah rhimt`jcsa`p khtwhhc i`nat `cputmcg rhejrghg s`ncmi `s mithrhg tj `cerhmsh ejctrmst tahrhky `cerhms`cnmppmrhct samrpchss# @ rhejffhcg hcmki`cn Kimeo Ejfprhss `c ijw&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs#






Kimeo Ejfphcsmt`jc4 Ejfprhss

E`chfmWjch Nmffm

@fmnhs brjf tah tarhh eurvhs mrh sajwc khijw#

Cjrfmi Nmffm

E`chfmWjch Nmffm Wyph =

E`chfmWjch Nmffm Wyph ;

E`chfmWjch nmffms emc kh ushg ;7p ;8p mcg 5<p tj erhmth m bìfijjo# Jb ejursh tahy emc misj kh ushg w`ta 8<` mcg 2<` ms m ’erhmt`vh‖ hbbhet#

ù E`chfmWjch nmffms sajuig cjt kh ushg `b yju pimc tj trmcsbhr yjur v`ghj tj bìf#

Warhh ;7p*;8p*5<p \rhshts4

\rjbìh Xsh @c CmfhKimeo


Nmffm

\\7 Cjrfmi U`tumt`jcs E@CHFM JBB WP\H =

\\8 A`na Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs E@CH A@# ECW EJF\[HUU JBB

\\2 Ijw Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs E@CH IJ# ECW JBB WP\H ;

Warhh 2<` \rhshts4

\rjbìh Xsh @c CmfhKimeo


Nmffm

\\7 Cjrfmi U`tumt`jcs R@GHJ JBB JBB

\\8 A`na Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs A@# EJCW[MUW UW[HMWEA JBB

\\2 Ijw Ejctrmst U`tumt`jcs IJ# EJCW[MUW EJF\[HUU JBB

Bjeus Uhtt`cns

MB MUU@UW

Hcmkih ta`s bucet`jc sj wahc yju shh MB `s cjt phrbhet yju emc

fmcumiiy ejrrhet `t v`m tah bjeus&r`cn#

BJEXU FME[J

JC Pju emc bjeus up tj tah ihcs brjct `c ^@GH# Wah ghbmuit `s JCmcg R= wmrcs yju `b ta`s fjgh `s cjt hcmkihg#

JBB Wah eijshst yju emc bjeus `s mkjut ;#8 bhht !1<ef)#

âhc us`cn MB turc&JBB wahc yju chhg tj sajjt bjr hxmfpihtarjuna m chmrky bhceh#

ù âhc us`cn MB turc&JBB wahc chmrky jkdhets bmii w`ta`c tah brmfh# Wa`sprhvhcts tah eijsh jkdhet brjf mee`ghctmiiy khejf`cn tah sukdhet#

Nhchrmi Uhtt`cns

Uamrpchss

< !sjbt) tj /=8 !samrp)# Wah ghbmuit vmiuh jb ’>‖ prjv`ghs njjg ghtmìmcg f`c`fmi Hgnh Hcamcehfhct# @b yju ghs`rh nrhmthr eimr`ty yju emc`cerhmsh Uamrpchss tj ’1#‖

Ujcy‐s E`chfm prjbìh ushs m ’8‖ Uamrpchss shtt`cn waèa `s si`natiysjbt# âìh ta`s `s `ghmi bjr erhmt`cn m bìf ijjo‗`b yju mrh pimcc`cn mtrmcsbhr tj bìf Uamrpchss sajuig kh `cerhmshg tj ’2‖ tj prjv`ghnrhmthr eimr`ty#

âhc sajjt`cn ;8p `b yjur v`ghj chhgs tj kh sajwc uchg`thg yjusajuig sajjt mt tah Ujcy rhejffhcghg shtt`cn jb ’5‖ tj mvj`g mi`ms`cnmcg tw`tthr# Ajwhvhr `b yju pimc tj mppiy m Bièohr jr !vhrtèmi&jciy)Nmuss`mc bìthr `c pjst ush m shtt`cn jb ’2#‖

Uo`ctjch Ghtmì@ gj cjt rhejffhcg tah bìthr ucihss mksjiuthiy chehssmry khemushrhfjv`cn so`c ghtmì fmy emush so`c tj tmoh jc m pimstè ijjo#

BIEO[ [HGXEH

Xcghr mrt`bè`mi ìiuf`cmt`jc wahc sajjt`cn 2<` `c m [hn`jc 8< !\MI)mrhm jr 8<` `c m [hn`jc 2< !CWUE) mrhm‗m =<Az khmt bièohr fmy khrhejrghg# Hcnmnh tah Bièohr Bìthr tj mtthcumth tah =<Az khmt# Wah

bìthr `s cjt vhry hbbhet`vh `c [hn`jc 8< mrhms wahc sajjt`cn ;7p#

Mug`j Uhtt`cns

BQ> MXWJ*FMCXMI

MXWJ M ’i`f`thr‖ `s hcnmnhg tj prhvhct mug`j ihvhis jc kjtaeamcchis brjf rhmea`cn <gK#

FMCXMI Xsh tah IHRHI ejctrji tj fmcumiiy mgdust tah mug`j ihvhi jb kjta eamcchis#

R= F@E C[

âhc JC mc jut jb pamsh s`ncmi jb tah emfejrghrs‐ fheamcèmi cj`sh`s nhchrmthg mcg ushg tj emcehi fheamcèmi cj`sh#

R= QI[ UHW

UH\M[MWH jr I@COHG Pju emc eajjsh tj I`co tah MNE bjr tah twjeamcchis jr ohhp tahf Uhpmrmth# âhc yjumrh rhejrg`cn sthrhj sjucg tah MNE sajuig khi`cohg# @c mii jtahr s`tumt`jcs yju wmct MNE tjkh Uhpmrmth#

@C\XW= IHRHI Mug`j eamcchi = emc kh sht tj Fè jr I`ch ihvhi#

@C\XW= W[@F Mug`j eamcchi = ams Wr`f ihvhi mgdustfhct `cjrghr tj mgdust s`ncmi `cput tj tah emfejrghr‐s`cput mug`j e`reu`t mcg prhvhct jvhrijmg`cn# @temc kh sht tj4 &=2gK &1gK jr <gK#

@C\XW= ^@CG Hcmkih jr g`smkih tah ^`cg Cj`sh bìthr bjreamcchi =#

ù Hcmkih tah ^@CG bìthr ms chhghg#

@C\XW; IHRHI Mug`j eamcchi ; emc kh sht tj Fè jr I`ch ihvhi#

@C\XW; W[@F Mug`j eamcchi ; ams Wr`f ihvhi mgdustfhct `cjrghr tj mgdust s`ncmi `cput tj tah mug`j e`reu`t

mcg prhvhct jvhrijmg# @t emc kh sht tj4 &=2gK&1gK jr <gK#

@C\XW; ^@CG Hcmkih jr g`smkih tah ^`cg Cj`sh b`ithr bjreamcchi ;#

ù Hcmkih tah ^@CG b`ithr ms chhghg#






Mutjfmtè Uajjt`cn

Wah Ujcy emfejrghrs prjv`gh vhry meeurmth mutjfmtè bucet`jcs# @cfjst s`tumt`jcs tahy wìi jktm`c vhry meehptmkih v`ghj mcg mug`j#

Wj hcnmnh mii mutjfmtè bucet`jcs sht tah MXWJ IJEO*FMCXMI*AJIGsw`tea tj tah nrhhc MXWJ IJEO pjs`t`jc# Cjw tah bjiijw`cn bucet`jcswìi kh mutjfmtè4

Ñ Mutj Bjeus !MB)

Ñ Mutj Hxpjsurh !MH)

Ñ Mug`j Mutjfmtè Nm`c Ejctrji !MNE)

Ñ Mutjfmtè â`th Kmimceh !MW^*M^K)

Ghbmuit \rhshts

âhc tah emfhrms mrh ucghr ’mutjfmtè‖ ejctrji `t ushs tah prhshtvmiuhs `c tah fhcu systhf# @b yju amvh cjt eamcnhg tahf tahy wìikh tah Ujcy ghbmuit vmiuhs ms ghb`chg `c yjur emfhrm‐s fmcumi#

Ufmrt Bjeus

âhc sajjt`cn w`ghserhhc v`ghj yju wìi jbthc chhg tj ejfpjsh msajt sj tah sukdhet!s) mrh cjt `c tah ehcthr jb tah brmfh# U`ceh MutjBjeus wh`nats `cbjrfmt`jc brjf tah ehctrmi mrhm jb mc `fmnh fjrhstrjcniy tamc tah surrjucg`cn mrhm‗tah emfhrm wìi try bjeus jcjkdhets `c tah ehcthr# Wahrhbjrh yju chhg tj jut&sfmrt MB kyfjfhctmrìy brmf`cn tah ohy sukdhet!s) `c tah ehcthr# Jceh bjeus `sjktm`chg `t wìi stmy ijeohg jc tah sukdhet!s) ms yju rh&brmfh tahsajt#

Jpt`jcmiiy Hcnmnh AJIG Fjgh

Wj prhvhct ucwmcthg `fmnh eamcnhs gur`cn m sajt yju fmy wmct tjhcnmnh AJIG fjgh mbthr tah shtt`cns amvh mutjfmtèmiiy khhc fmgh#

[h&hcnmnh MXWJ IJEO wahc tah sajt `s ejfpihth mcg tahc ejfpjshtah chxt sajt#






HT Uajjt`cn

âèa emfhrm bucet`jcs emc kh khst ihbt tj tah emfhrm‗mcg waèasajuig yju ejctrji: @c tah njjg jig gmys yju ghb`c`thiy ejuig cjt trusth`tahr MB jr MH# Mitajuna M^K wjrohg ’jo‖ tj nht meeurmth ejijr jch

amg tj fmcumiiy wa`th kmimceh# âìh fmcy wìi cjt trust R=*BQ>mutjfmtè bucet`jcs‗@ `cv`th yju tj ohhp mc jphc f`cg mcg try tahf#

MXWJ*FMCXMI*AJIG Fjghs

MXWJ IJEO FMCXMI AJIG

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Buii Mutjfmtè Emfhrm Jphrmt`jc

Uhf`&mutjfmtè Emfhrm Jphrmt`jc

Buii Fmcumi Emfhrm Jphrmt`jc

Ijeo mii ’Uhf`&mutjfmtè‖ jr ’Buiiy Fmcumi‖ Uhtt`cns

Uw`tea tj FMCXMI fjgh#

Ghb`ch tah Wyph Hxpjsurh Ejctrji Pju ^mct

HQ\JUX[H*@[@U

MH UA@BW K`ms tah mutjfmtè hxpjsurh us`cn MH sa`bt#

MH Ua`bt fjgh wjros hxtrhfhiy whii khemush tah MH systhf `s spjt jc`c fjst s`tumt`jcs# Mii yju chhg tj gj `s fjc`tjr v`ghj us`cn tah IEG

jr RB#@b `t ijjos tjj i`nat yju gherhmsh hxpjsurh uctì `t ijjos ejrrhet#

@b `t ijjos tjj gmro yju `cerhmsh hxpjsurh uctì `t ijjos ejrrhet#

âhc yju ush MH Ua`bt yju chhg tj kh mwmrh tamt tahemfhrm `s `c MH fjgh mcg Uautthr&sphhg mcg Nm`c fmykh mithrhg ky tah emfhrm ms `t jpt`f`zhs hxpjsurh#

@c rhmiiy kr`nat s`tumt`jcs tah sautthr&sphhg fmy kh

`cerhmshg# @c rhmiiy gmro s`tumt`jcs nm`c wìi kh mgghg ms chhghg# @b

chehssmry sautthr&sphhg wìi misj kh gherhmshg#

Wj f`c`f`zh tah pjss`kì`ty jb fjv`cn brjf tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgshtt`cns sht MNE I@F@W tj /=;gK mcg MW @[@U IFW tj B8#2#

✗ M a`na MNE I@F@W miijws nm`c tj kh ushg waèa prhvhcts tah sautthr&sphhg brjf kh`cn bjrehg sijwhr# Wah /=;gK shtt`cn misj prhvhcts tjjfuea cj`sh brjf nm`c ihvhis mkjvh /=;gK#

✗ M sfmii MW @[@U IFW miijws tah `r`s tj eijsh gjwc waèa prhvhcts tahsautthr&sphhg brjf kh`cn bjrehg bmsthr# Wah B8#2 i`f`t prhvhcts tah `r`sbrjf khejf`cn tjj sfmii#

@ miijw sautthr&sphhg tj vmry brjf tah ghbmuit ky =*;Q mcg ;Q# Gj`cn sjohhps tah pèturh brjf hxehss`vh kiur jr strjk`cn# ^`ta 2<` tah rmcnh `s=*5<ta tj =*=;8ta waìh w`ta 8<` tah rmcnh hxthcgs brjf=*;8ta tj =*=<<ta#^`ta ;7p tah rmcnh hxthcgs brjf =*;7ta !52<&ghnrhhs) tj =*02ta !0<&

ghnrhhs)#

âhc us`cn MH Ua`bt fjgh kh mwmrh tamt `b yju ihmvh ta`sfjgh tah imst sa`bt vmiuh ejct`cuhs tj mithr hxpjsurh#

Uajjt`cn `c Cmturmi I`nat

Cmturmi i`nat rmcnhs brjf =0<<˔O tj jvhr =<<<<˔O mt a`na mit`tughs#âhc m sukdhet `s `c ’jphc samgh‖ jc m succy gmy tah ejijr

thfphrmturh `s whii mkjvh 2<<<˔O# MW^*M^K Uhtt`cn

Wah MW^ !R=) jr M^K !BQ>) emc amcgih m rmcnh brjf mkjut ;1<<˔Otj mkjut 22<<˔O#

Ñ \rhss tah Â@WH KMIMCEH kuttjc uctì cj syfkji `s g`spimyhg#

Mrt`bè`mi iiuf`cmt`jc rmcnhs brjf ;=<<˔O tj 2;<<˔O# Mta`na mit`tughs ejijr thfphrmturh fmy kh ms a`na ms=<<<<˔Ohiv`c# Wah Ujcy emfejrghrs‐ MW^*M^K ejctrjiamcgihs thfphrmturhs brjf 5;<<˔O tj >8<<˔O# Wahrhbjrh

M^K fmy cjt kh phrbhet ucghr mii ejcg`t`jcs#

Uajjt`cn `c Mrt`bè`mi @iiuf`cmt`jc

Wah ejijr thfphrmturh rmcnh jb mrt`bè`mi ìiuf`cmt`jc `s aunh4 brjf;=<<˔O tj 25<<˔O#

MW^*M^K Uhtt`cn

Wah MW^ !R=) jr M^K !BQ>) emc amcgih m rmcnh brjf mkjut ;1<<˔Otj mkjut 22<<˔O#

Ñ \rhss tah Â@WH KMIMCEH kuttjc uctì cj syfkji `s g`spimyhg#

Jktm`c Bjeus

Wahrh mrh tarhh wmys tj jktm`c bjeus4 Mutjfmtè Jch&Wjuea Fmcumimcg Buiiy Fmcumi# âèa `s tah s`fpihst tj ush4 Mutjfmtè jr Jch&Wjuea Fmcumi:

Mutjfmtè !MB)

Ms ijcn ms yju gj cjt zjjf tjj bmr pmst tah f`g&pj`ct !up tj m ’T2<‖ rhmg&jut) MB `s vhry meeurmth‗hvhc ucghr ijw&i`nat# Mssufh yju gjcjt zjjf pmst T2< waèa `s hqumi tj ≁71ff# @s m 71ff bjemi ihcntam shr`jus i`f`t: Cjt rhmiiy ms `t `s hqu`vmihct tj sajjt`cn 58ff stìisw`ta m wajpp`cn 72<ff Whihpajtj ihcs# Hvhc wahc yju i`f`t zjjf`cntj ucghr T2<‗yju mrh stìi wjro`cn w`ta m =;Q zjjf ihcs# @c bmetwahc yju gj zjjf fjrh tamc =;Q‗yju wìi b`cg jptèmi stmkì`zmt`jccj ijcnhr ejfpihthiy hbbhet`vh#

Wahrhbjrh `b yju mrh wì`cn tj fjc`tjr yjur zjjf`cn mcg i`f`t zjjfstj T2<‗MB `s tah s`fpihst tj ush#

Ñ Uht BJEXU fjgh tj MXWJ

âhc sajjt`cn w`ghserhhc yju jbthc wìi ejfpjsh sajts sj sukdhet!s)mrh cjt `c tah ehcthr jb tah brmfh# MB fjst rmp`giy mcg meeurmthiyjktm`cs bjeus bjr jkdhets w`ta`c tah ehctrmi mrhm jb tah brmfh#






Wahrhbjrh yju fmy chhg tj ’jut&sfmrt‖ MB ky fjfhctmrìy brmf`cntah sukdhet `c tah ehcthr jb tah `fmnh# Jceh bjeus `s jktm`chg `t wìistmy ijeohg jc tah sukdhet4 ms tah sukdhet fjvhs w`ta`c tah brmfh? mstah sukdhet fjvhs burtahr jr eijshr? `b yju gjc.t zjjf&`c mt a`na&sphhg? jr hvhc `b sjfhjch pmsshs `c brjct jb tah ihcs# @c bmet MB wìi

amcgih sijw jr bmst pmcs brjf jch sukdhet tj mcjtahr#Jch&Wjuea Fmcumi

@b yju gj cjt wmct tj fjc`tjr zjjf`cn mcg*jr chhg tj ush tah buiizjjf rmcnh‗tahc Jch&tjuea Fmcumi `s tah s`fpihst tj ush#

Ñ Uht BJEXU fjgh tj FMCXMI

âhc sajjt`cn w`ghserhhc v`ghj yju wìi jbthc ejfpjsh m sajt sj tahsukdhet!s) mrh cjt `c tah ehcthr jb tah brmfh# MB fjst rmp`giy jktm`csbjeus bjr jkdhets w`ta`c tah ehctrmi mrhm jb tah brmfh# Waus yju sajuig

ehcthr tah sukdhet mcg tahc prhss JCH&WJXEA kuttjc tj mea`hvhbjeus# Jceh bjeus `s jktm`chg `t wìi kh ijeohg#

Bjeus Mss`st

@b MB fmohs mc hrrjr yju emc jvhr&r`gh `t us`cn tah bjeus r`cn#






Nm`c`cn Fjrh Ejctrji



= ; 5 7







@c fjst s`tumt`jcs Hxpjsurh fjgh = wjros khst# @t ams tw`c

mgvmctmnhs4 yju emc nrmehbuiiy mgg nm`c ms chhghg w`tajut amv`cn tjush tah nm`c ejctrji? mcg jceh yju prhss tah Fmcumi Hxpjsurhkuttjc‗hxpjsurh `s ijeohg tj prhvhct ucwmcthg biuetumt`jcs#

HQ\JUX[H*@[@U

HQ\JUX[H = Fmcumiiy mgdust `r`s mcg nm`c kut cjt sautthr&sphhg#

^ahc yju ush Hxpjsurh = yju chhg tj kh mwmrh tamt uct`i yjuprhss tah Fmcumi Hxpjsurh kuttjc‗tah emfhrm `s `c MH fjgh mcgUautthr&sphhg fmy kh mithrhg ky tah emfhrm ms `t jpt`f`zhshxpjsurh#





Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;<<

Wj f`c`f`zh tah pjss`kì`ty jb fjv`cn brjf tah ghbmuit sautthr&sphhgshtt`cns sht MNE I@F@W tj /=;gK mcg MW @[@U IFW tj B8#2#

✗ M a`na MNE I@F@W miijws nm`c tj kh ushg waèa prhvhcts tah sautthr&sphhg brjf kh`cn bjrehg sijwhr# Wah /=;gK shtt`cn misj prhvhcts tjj

fuea cj`sh brjf nm`c ihvhis mkjvh /=;gK#

✗ M sfmii MW @[@U IFW miijws tah `r`s tj eijsh gjwc waèa prhvhcts tahsautthr&sphhg brjf kh`cn bjrehg bmsthr# Wah B8#2 i`f`t prhvhcts tah `r`sbrjf khejf`cn tjj sfmii#

@ miijw sautthr&sphhg tj vmry brjf tah ghbmuit ky =*;Q mcg ;Q# Gj`cn sjohhps tah pèturh brjf hxehss`vh kiur jr strjk`cn# ^`ta 2<` tah rmcnh `s=*5<ta tj =*=;8ta waìh w`ta 8<` tah rmcnh hxthcgs brjf=*;8ta tj =*=<<ta#^`ta ;7p tah rmcnh hxthcgs brjf =*;7ta !52<&ghnrhhs) tj =*02ta !0<&ghnrhhs)#

Kh surh tj ejcb`rf kjta tah eurrhct Uautthr&sphhg mcgNm`c mrh meehptmkih khbjrh prhss`cn tah Fmcumi Hxpjsurhkuttjc‗waèa gjhs ’ijeo‖ Uautthr&sphhg#

A`stjnrmf

M a`stjnrmf `s m nrmpa tamt g`spimys kr`natchss ihvhis brjf tah gmrohsttj tah kr`nathst mrrmyhg merjss tah kjttjf jb tah nrmpa brjf ihbt!gmrohst mt <@[H) tj r`nat !kr`nathst mt =<1@[H)# Wah vhrtèmi mx`ssajws ajw fuea jb tah `fmnh `s bjucg mt mcy pmrtèuimr kr`natchssihvhi#

âhc yju turc jc Thkrm mc jrmcnh i`ch wìi mpphmr jc tah a`stjnrmf#Khijw yju emc shh tah Thkrm sht tj =<<@[H#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;<=

^`ta a`na&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs tah a`stjnrmf bìis fjst jb m nrmpa mssajwc mkjvh#

^`ta ijw&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs tah a`stjnrmf bìis jciy m pjrt`jc jb tahnrmpa#

Gj cjt try tj mithr tah hxpjsurh tj ehcthr tah a`stjnrmf#

@b tah a`stjnrmf `s kuceahg up mnm`cst tah ihbt hgnh yju f`nat try`cerhms`cn tah hxpjsurh m k`t tj shh `b yju emc ucejvhr `cbjrfmt`jctamt ams khhc erusahg `ctj kimeo# !Mssuf`cn jb ejursh yju mrh cjttry`cn tj erusa tah gmro samghs#) @b cj `cbjrfmt`jc `s rhvhmihg rhshttah hxpjsurh#

Wah a`stjnrmf sajuig cjt sajw fuea s`ncmi mkjvh tah Thkrm kmr#

Wah s`ncmi sajuig cjt rhmea mii tah wmy tj tah r`nat#

Uajjt`cn `c Cmturmi I`nat

Cmturmi i`nat rmcnhs brjf =0<<˔O tj jvhr =<<<<˔O mt a`na mit`tughs#âhc m sukdhet `s `c ’jphc samgh‖ jc m succy gmy tah ejijrthfphrmturh `s whii mkjvh 2<<<˔O#

Jutgjjr Uhtt`cnWah emfhrm‐s Jutgjjr \rhsht `s 81<<˔O waèa `s `c tah f`ggih jb tah=0<<˔O tj jvhr =<<<<˔O rmcnh#

Ñ \rhss tah Â@WH KMIMCEH kuttjc#

Ñ Xsh tah Fhcu rjiihr tj shihet Jutgjjr !Uuc syfkji)#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;<;

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy prhss tah Fhcu rjiihr jceh#

Ñ Pju emc ush tah Fhcu rjiihr tj mgdust ejijr wmrfhr !up tj />) jrejjihr !up tj &>)#

Ñ \rhss tah Fhcu rjiihr tj hx`t brjf tah thfphrmturh mgdustfhct#

Mrt`bè`mi iiuf`cmt`jc rmcnhs brjf ;=<<˔O tj 2;<<˔O# Mta`na mit`tughs ejijr thfphrmturh fmy kh ms a`na ms=<<<<˔Ohiv`c# Wah Ujcy emfejrghrs‐ MW^*M^K ejctrjiamcgihs thfphrmturhs brjf 5;<<˔O tj >8<<˔O# Wahrhbjrh

M^K fmy cjt kh phrbhet ucghr mii ejcg`t`jcs#

Uajjt`cn `c Mrt`bè`mi @iiuf`cmt`jc

Wah ejijr thfphrmturh rmcnh jb mrt`bè`mi ìiuf`cmt`jc `s aunh4 brjf;=<<˔O tj 25<<˔O#

@cgjjr Uhtt`cn

M emfhrm‐s @cgjjr 5;<<˔O shtt`cn `s jkv`jusiy cjt m uc`vhrsmi ’`cgjjr‖ sjiut`jc# Wah shtt`cn `s fjst jpt`fmi bjr Amijnhc ìiuf`cmt`jcjr a`na wmttmnh `cemcghsehct#

Ñ \rhss tah Â@WH KMIMCEH kuttjc#

Ñ Xsh tah Fhcu rjiihr tj shihet @cgjjr !Imfp syfkji)#

Mgdustmkih Ochh

Wah AR[&R=‐s ’Ochh‖ emc kh sht tj Mutj jr tj Ijw Fhgùf mcg A`na#@c Mutj fjgh tah ochh `s rm`shg `c ijw&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs mcgijwhrhg `c a`na&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs# Mc hxmfpih a`na ochh nmffmeurvh `s sajwc khijw# @t hxpmcgs kr`nathr samghs mgg`cn spmroih tj msehch ìiuf`cmthg ky bjr hxmfpih mc jvhremst soy#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;<5

M smfpih ijw ochh nmffm eurvh `s sajwc khijw# @t ejfprhsshs tahkr`nathr samghs mcg emc prjv`gh mc mgg`t`jcmi =*;&stjp jb imt`tugh#

Ky hcmki`cn Kimeo Utrhtea mcg shtt`cn tah Ochh tj Ijw yju emcmea`hvh fmx`fuf imt`tugh# Wa`s ejfpjucg eurvh hxpmcgs tah gmrohstsamghs waìh ejfprhss`cn tah kr`nathr samghs# Hsshct`miiy `t bimtthcstah nmffm eurvh hcmki`cn tah emfhrm tj bucet`jc fjrh iòh chnmt`vhbìf#

Jktm`c Bjeus

Wahrh mrh tarhh wmys tj jktm`c bjeus4 Mutjfmtè Jch&Wjuea Fmcumimcg Buiiy Fmcumi# âèa `s tah s`fpihst tj ush4 Mutjfmtè jr Jch&Wjuea Fmcumi: âèa rhqu`rhs tah ihmst hbbjrt:

Mutjfmtè !MB)

Ms ijcn ms yju gj cjt zjjf tjj bmr pmst tah f`g&pj`ct !up tj ’T2<‖ rhmg&jut) tah R=‐s MB `s vhry meeurmth‗hvhc ucghr ijw&i`nat# @s ta`s mshr`jus i`f`t: Cjt rhmiiy ms `t `s hqu`vmihct tj sajjt`cn 58ff stìisw`ta m wajpp`cn 72<ff Whihpajtj ihcs# Hvhc wahc yju i`f`t zjjf`cntj T2<‗yju mrh stìi wjro`cn w`ta m =;Q zjjf ihcs#

Wahrhbjrh `b yju mrh wì`cn tj fjc`tjr yjur zjjf`cn mcg i`f`t zjjfstj T2<‗MB `s tah s`fpihst wmy tj bjeus#

Ñ Uht BJEXU fjgh tj MXWJâhc sajjt`cn w`ghserhhc yju jbthc wìi ejfpjsh sajts sj sukdhet!s)mrh cjt `c tah ehcthr jb tah brmfh# MB fjst rmp`giy mcg meeurmthiyjktm`cs bjeus bjr jkdhets w`ta`c tah ehctrmi mrhm jb tah brmfh# Pju fmychhg tj jut&sfmrt MB ky fjfhctmrìy brmf`cn tah sukdhet `c tah ehcthrjb tah `fmnh# Jceh bjeus `s mutjfmtèmiiy jktm`chg `t wìi stmy ijeohgjc tah sukdhet4 ms tah sukdhet fjvhs w`ta`c tah brmfh? ms tah sukdhetfjvhs burtahr jr eijshr? `b yju gj cjt zjjf&`c mt a`na&sphhg? mcg `b sjfhjch pmsshs `c brjct jb tah ihcs# @c bmet MB wìi amcgih sijw jr bmstpmcs brjf jch sukdhet tj mcjtahr#

Bjeus Mss`st

@b MB fmohs mc hrrjr yju emc jvhr&r`gh `t us`cn tah bjeus r`cn#

Jch&Wjuea Fmcumi

@b yju gj cjt wmct tj fjc`tjr zjjf`cn mcg chhg tj ush tah buii zjjfrmcnh‗tahc Jch&tjuea Fmcumi `s tah s`fpihst tj ush#

Ñ Uht BJEXU fjgh tj FMCXMI

âhc sajjt`cn w`ghserhhc v`ghj yju wìi jbthc ejfpjsh m sajt sj tahsukdhet!s) mrh cjt `c tah ehcthr jb tah brmfh# MB fjst rmp`giy jktm`csbjeus bjr jkdhets w`ta`c tah ehctrmi mrhm jb tah brmfh# Waus yju sajuigehcthr tah sukdhet mcg tahc prhss JCH&WJXEA kuttjc tj mea`hvhbjeus# Jceh bjeus `s mutjfmtèmiiy jktm`chg `t wìi stmy ijeohg jc tahsukdhet#

\hrbhet`cn Ejctrji



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Uht tah Uautthr&sphhg

Uautthr&sphhg‗âmt `s `t [hmiiy Xshg Bjr: âìh sautthr&sphhg gjhsejctrji hxpjsurh‗`t ams m fjrh bucgmfhctmi ush jb mithr`cn tah thfpjrmi

ijjo jb v`ghj# Cjf`cmi sautthr&sphhgs sajuig kh tah rhe`prjemi jb tahbrmfh&rmth# Wamt fhmcs =*8<ta shejcg bjr ;8bps mcg =*2<ta shejcg bjr5<bps#

Jb ejursh yju emc `cerhmsh sautthr&sphhg tj erhmth m ’Umv`cn \r`vmth[ymc‖ strjk`cn ijjo jr gherhmsh tah sphhg tj mgg fjt`jc kiur# Uautthr&sphhg tahrhbjrh sajuig kh shhc ms m erhmt`vh tjji cjt m ejctrji hxpjsurhtjji#

âhc yju pimc tj mgg m sij&fj hbbhet `c pjst yju fmy wmct tj `cerhmshsautthr&sphhg `c prjpjrt`jc tj tah sphhg `cerhmsh#

[hn`jc 8<

Ñ \rhss tah UAXWWH[ U\HHG kuttjc#

Ñ Xsh tah Fhcu rjiihr tj sht sautthr&sphhg#

[hn`jc 2<

Ñ \rhss tah UAXWWH[ U\HHG kuttjc#

Ñ Xsh tah Fhcu rjiihr tj sht tah sautthr&sphhg#

Uht R`ghj Nm`c

Ñ \rhss tah NM@C kuttjc#

Ñ Xsh tah Fhcu rjiihr tj sht nm`c#

Xs`cn R`ghj Nm`c4 Wah purpjsh jb v`ghj nm`c `s tj `cerhmsh pèturhkr`natchss w`tajut tah amssih jb `cerhms`cn sehch ìiuf`cmt`jc#Xcbjrtucmthiy mt a`na nm`c vmiuhs tahrh `s `cerhmshg pèturh cj`sh# ^`ta`cm sehch wh gj cjt wmct sajt&tj&sajt vmr`mt`jcs `c v`ghj nm`c khemushwaìh vmry`cn nm`c vmiuhs wìi rhsuit `c ejcs`sthct sajt&tj&sajt kr`natchss‗

tahy fmy misj y`hig sajt&tj&sajt vmr`mt`jcs `c v`ghj cj`sh#


Bjr fmx`fuf hxpjsurh ejctrji yju wìi wmct tj `cg`v`gumiiy shtUautthr&sphhg Nm`c mcg @r`s#

HQ\JUX[H*@[@U

@[@U Ejctrji `r`s brjf B=#2&B==#

Khemush wh wmct tj rhstrèt sautthr&sphhg tj m erhmt`vh bucet`jc rmtahrtamc mc hxpjsurh bucet`jc‗tamt ihmvhs tah emfhrm‐s `r`s ms tah jciy wmytj ejctrji hxpjsurh#

Brjf mc ’hcn`chhr`cn‖ v`hwpj`ct mc jpt`fmi hxpjsurh fhmcs tah`cbjrfmt`jc kh`cn rhejrghg ushs mii tah k`ts `c tah g`n`tmi ’wjrgs‖rhprhshct`cn smfpihs jb tah v`ghj s`ncmis# âhc m sehch ams buii&rmcnh jbtjcmi vmiuhs yju gj cjt wmct mii tah v`ghj `cbjrfmt`jc kuceahg up chmr

<@[H jr chmr ==<@[H#

âhc tah `cput s`ncmi g`str`kut`jc `s w`gh tah rhejrghg nrmysemih rmcnh jb

tah v`ghj s`ncmi sajuig amvh tah fmx`fuf cufkhr jb ihvhis# Wa`s `s`fpjrtmct khemush tahc tah `fmnh wìi amvh fmx`fuf nrmysemih !iufm)rhsjiut`jc#

âmt yju fmy kh mso`cn mkjut erhmt`vh hxpjsurh ejctrji: Fy mcswhr `stamt ky ghi`vhr`cn m g`n`tmiiy jpt`fmi v`ghj !mcg mug`j) s`ncmi tj yjur hg`t`cnsysthf yju amvh khst qumi`ty s`ncmi w`ta waèa tj fmoh jc&i`ch erhmt`vh

mgdustfhcts#

Wahsh mgdustfhcts uciòh tajsh fmgh `c tah b`hig mrh rhvhrs`kih# @c pjsttahy emc kh twhmohg tj phrbhet`jc#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;<>

A`stjnrmf

M a`stjnrmf `s m nrmpa tamt g`spimys kr`natchss ihvhis brjf tah gmrohsttj tah kr`nathst mrrmyhg merjss tah kjttjf jb tah nrmpa brjf ihbt!gmrohst mt <@[H) tj r`nat !kr`nathst mt =<1@[H)# Wah vhrtèmi mx`ssajws ajw fuea jb tah `fmnh `s bjucg mt mcy pmrtèuimr kr`natchss

ihvhi#

^`ta a`na&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs tah a`stjnrmf bìis fjst jb m nrmpa mssajwc mkjvh#

^`ta ijw&ejctrmst s`tumt`jcs tah a`stjnrmf bìis jciy m pjrt`jc jb tahnrmpa#

Gj cjt try tj mithr tah hxpjsurh tj ehcthr tah a`stjnrmf#

@b tah a`stjnrmf `s kuceahg up mnm`cst tah ihbt hgnh yju f`nat try`cerhms`cn tah hxpjsurh m k`t tj shh `b yju emc ucejvhr `cbjrfmt`jctamt ams khhc erusahg `ctj kimeo# !Mssuf`cn jb ejursh yju mrh cjttry`cn tj erusa tah gmro samghs#) @b cj `cbjrfmt`jc `s rhvhmihg rhshttah hxpjsurh#

Wah a`stjnrmf sajuig cjt sajw fuea s`ncmi mkjvh tah Thkrm kmr# Wahs`ncmi sajuig chvhr rhmea mii tah wmy tj tah r`nat#

Wah s`ncmi sajuig cjt rhmea mii tah wmy tj tah r`nat#

Uajjt`cn `c Cmturmi I`nat mcg Mrt`bè`mi @iiuf`cmt`jc

Ms sajwc khijw tah rmcnh jb ejijr thfphrmturhs tamt yju fmyhcejucthr wahc sajjt`cn `s vhry imrnh# Bjr hxmfpih mrt`bè`miìiuf`cmt`jc rmcnhs brjf =8<<˔O !Emcgih i`nat) tj ;1<<˔O !2<^

@cemcghsehct) tj 55<<˔O !Amijnhc) tj 7;<<˔O !Ejji â`thbiujrhsehct) tj 28<<˔O !Gmyi`nat biujrhsehct)#

Cmturmi i`nat rmcnhs brjf ;<<<˔O tj jvhr =5<<<˔O# Mt cjjc jc msuccy gmy tah ejijr thfphrmturh `c g`rhet suci`nat `s mkjut 88<<˔O#Wa`s `s tah thfphrmturh ushg bjr m emfhrm‐s Gmyi`nat shtt`cn# âhc msukdhet `s `c ’jphc samgh‖ jc m succy gmy tah ejijr thfphrmturh fmykh >8<<˔O# Wah ejijr thfphrmturh jb mc jvhremst gmy `s `c khtwhhctahsh twj vmiuhs mt mkjut 28<<˔O#

Fmcumi Uhtt`cn

Ñ \rhss tah Â@WH KMIMCEH kuttjc

Ñ Xsh tah Fhcu rjiihr tj shihet tah \usa Fmcumi syfkji#

Ñ Brmfh m cjc&rhbihet`vh purh wa`th emrg jr m purh wa`th eijta# Wah

eijta fust kh ìiuf`cmthg ky tah smfh i`nat ms `s bmii`cn jc tahsehch jr sukdhets!s)#\rhss mcg Ajig tah Fhcu rjiihr tj sht â`thKmimceh#

Fmcumi Bjeus

Ñ Uht tah BJEXU U^@WEA tj FMCXMI#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sw`tea Jc tah Fmnc`bèmt`jc fjgh#

Ñ Tjjf `c buiiy#

Ñ Xsh tah BJEXU [@CN tj mea`hvh bjeus#Ñ Tjjf kmeo mcg rhbrmfh tah sajt#

F`c`f`zh Ghpta&jb&B`hig

Pju wìi chhg tj ush m ejfk`cmt`jc jb trèos tj gherhmsh GJB ky bjre`cntah `r`s tj m imrnhr jphc`cn#

ù @b yju amvh mgghg nm`c g`mi gjwc tah mfjuct jb nm`c# Gj`cn sj wìi misjgherhmsh cj`sh#

@b sautthr&sphhg `s ijeohg ta`s wìi bjreh tah `r`s burtahr jphc#Hxpjsurh wìi rhfm`c ejrrhet#

ù Pju emc rhgueh ìiuf`cmt`jc#

ù Pju emc sw`tea&`c mc CG bìthr#

ù Mgg mc mgg`t`jcmi 7Q CG bìthr tamt wìi miijw yju tj jphc tah `r`s ky;&stjps# Wa`s wìi kh chehssmry wahc sajjt`cn `c vhry kr`nat i`nat#

2;ff Chutrmi Ghcs`ty Bìthrs X[I

; stjps <#2 CG 7Q www#mgjrmfm#ejf*K^2;CG7Q#atfi

@b tah sautthr&sphhg mcg nm`c mrh ijeohg mcy jr mii jb tahsh sthps wìibjreh tah `r`s burtahr jphc# Hxpjsurh wìi rhfm`c ejrrhet#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;=<

ù Jphc tah `r`s tj b*;#1 w`ta sautthr&sphhg ucijeohg# Xcbjrtucmthiy ta`swìi mutjfmtèmiiy bjreh sautthr&sphhg a`nahr mcg fmy emush strjk`cn#Hxpjsurh wìi rhfm`c ejrrhet#

ù Ky `cerhms`cn sautthr&sphhg w`ta nm`c ijeohg tah `r`s wìi kh bjrehg burtahr jphc# Xcbjrtucmthiy m a`nahr sautthr&sphhg fmy emush strjk`cn#Hxpjsurh wìi rhfm`c ejrrhet#

@fmnh qumi`ty emc subbhr `b tah `r`s `s buiiy jphchg# Bjr ta`srhmsjc m fmx`fuf b*;#1 `r`s `s yjur njmi#

ù \js`t`jc tah sukdhet ms eijsh tj tah emfhrm ms pjss`kih#

ù Wah fjrh yju zjjf m ihcs tj Whihpajtj tah ihss GJB# Wahrhbjrh zjjftjwmrg Whihpajtj#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;==

Eampthr 14 Cmt`vh AGR Hg`t`cn

^jrobijws

Eampthr 1 ejvhrs AGR hg`t`cn wjrobijws# Hmea wjrobijw prjv`ghs msjiut`jc tj tah prjkihfs erhmthg ky tah `cjrg`cmth ejfputmt`jcmi

pjwhr rhqu`rhg tj wjro w`ta AG F\HN&;# Wah \r`fmry bjeus jb Eampthr 1 `s ’cmt`vh AGR‖ hg`t`cn#

@fpjrt`cn AGR `ctj mc CIH

Wah AGR bjrfmt emrr`hs twj Hihfhctmry Utrhmfs tamt amvh m tjtmikmcgw`gta jb =0Fkps bjr >;<p mcg ;8Fkps bjr =<1<`# AG v`ghj `s

emrr`hg ky m R`ghj Hihfhctmry Utrhmf waìh mc Mug`j HihfhctmryUtrhmf emrr`hs gumi&eamcchi mug`j hcejghg ms F\HN&= Imyhr ;# WahR`ghj Hihfhctmry mcg tah Mug`j Hihfhctmry Utrhmfs mrh wjvhc `ctj ms`cnih strhmf# Bjr >;;<p tmph `s pimyhg kmeo gmtm `s jutput v`m `#I@CO ms mWrmcspjrt Utrhmf# âhc m =<1<` tmph `s pimyhg kmeo tah \meoht`zhgHihfhctmry Utrhmf `s ejcvhrthg tj m Wrmcspjrt Utrhmf mcg `s jutputv`m `#I@CO# âhc h`tahr `s empturhg tah strhmf sajuig amvh mc #f;tbìh hxthcs`jc? kut `t fmy amvh mc #fpn hxthcs`jc#

Wah ush jb B`rh^`rh pius tah bmet F`c`GR tmph `s ushg fmohs `t hmsytj ta`co jb AGR ms s`fpiy ’A`na Ghb`c`t`jc GR#‖ Wahrh mrh s`nc`bèmctg`bbhrhcehs ajwhvhr tamt fmoh AGR hg`t`cn vhry g`bbhrhct brjf GRhg`t`cn# B`rst AGR ushs `cthr&brmfh ejfprhss`jc waìh GR gjhs cjt#Uhejcg AGR mug`j `s F\HN&; cjt \EF# Wa`rg tah cufkhr jb p`xhis `sh`tahr ;#>Q !=;1<x>;<) jr 7#8Q !=77<x=<1<) tah cufkhr jb p`xhishfpijyhg ky GR#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;=;

A R Ejuct Fuit`pi`hr

71<` >;< 71< 5782<<

>;;< 0;=2<< ;#>

=<1<` =77< =<1< =888;<< 7#8

Mii tahsh g`bbhrhcehs ihmg tj tah chhg bjr m aunh mfjuct jb ejfputmt`jc tj meejfpi`sa AGR hg`t`cn#

Emptur`cn Ejcehpts

Wahrh mrh b`vh typhs jb empturh tamt emc kh `fpihfhcthg ky mc CIHsysthf4 @ffhg`mth Empturh Uehch Ghthet Empturh @ffhg`mthFmrohg Empturh Kmtea Empturh mcg Kmtea [hempturh# Wah imtthr tarhh

rhqu`rh tah GR tmph tj amvh W`fhejgh bjr tah AGR v`ghj#@ffhg`mth Empturh

@c ta`s fjgh yju stmrt m tmph pimy`cn `c m emfejrghr jr gheo# @c sjfhemshs yju fust metumiiy prhss \IMP jc tah hqu`pfhct# @c jtahr emshstah sjbtwmrh wìi prhshct yju w`ta m \imy kuttjc# @ghmiiy tah sjbtwmrhwìi prjv`gh yju w`ta buii RW[ ejctrji#

Uehch Ghthet Empturh

Wa`s typh jb empturh `s mc mgvmcehg bjrf jb @ffhg`mth Empturh# Ms tah

tmph pimys hmea sajt `s empturhg ms m uc`quh ei`p stjrhg `c m K`c#

@ffhg`mth Fmrohg Empturh

@c ta`s fjgh yju ijemth m sajt mcg tahc Fmro `ts @c&pj`ct mcg Jut&pj`ct# Cjw yju prhss tah ’Empturh‖ kuttjc tj empturh tah ei`p#

Kmtea Empturh

@c ta`s fjgh yju ijemth hmea sajt mcg tahc Fmro `ts @c&pj`ct mcg Jut&pj`ct# Cjw yju prhss m ’Ijn‖ kuttjc mcg tah ei`p‐s stmrt`cn mcg hcg`cn

t`fhejgh `s stjrhg ms mc Hfpty ei`p# âhc mii ei`ps amvh khhc ijnnhgm eièo jb tah ’Empturh‖ kuttjc emushs mii hfpty !cj fhg`m) ei`ps tj khempturhg# Pju emc sht ’Amcgih‖ t`fhs sj tamt mutjfmtèmiiy mc hxtrmbhw shejcgs `s empturhg mt tah khn`cc`cn mcg hcg jb m ei`p# ^`ta AGR`t fmy kh chehssmry tj sht up tj m 8&shejcg amcgih mt tah khn`cc`cn jb hmea ei`p#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;=5

Kmtea [hempturh

Wa`s typh jb empturh `s mc mgvmcehg bjrf jb Kmtea Empturh# Ajwhvhrtah ei`ps empturhg fmy ejfh brjf twj sjurehs# B`rst `b fhg`m `s ijst‗yju emc rhempturh brjf tah ei`ps `c m K`c# Wa`s `s m aunh smbhty bhmturh#

Wah jtahr sjureh `s tah tr`ffhg ei`ps `c m W`fhi`ch# Wah W`fhejgh jb hvhry ei`p ushg `c m prjguet`jc `s rhempturhg# ây wjuig yju wmct tjgj ta`s: Khemush tah prjehss hcmkihs ’\rjxy‖ hg`t`cn# Ahrh tah b`rstempturh `s jb ijwhr !grmbt) qumi`ty v`ghj‗phramps GR GRE\[J AG jr\ajtjD\HN# Wah mgvmctmnh `s tamt tah grmbt bjjtmnh rhqu`rhss`nc`bèmctiy ihss stjrmnh# Jch hg`ts tah prjguet`jc us`cn ta`s fmthr`mi#

âhc tah hg`t `s ejfpihth tah fmthr`mi metumiiy ushg `c tah t`fhi`ch `srhempturhg mt a`na qumi`ty# Uphe`bèmiiy AGR `s empturhg ms cmt`vh AGRjr us`cn mc `cthrfhg`mth ejghe#

Kmtea rhempturh wjros jciy wahc tah RWH suppjrts brmfh meeurmthempturhs‗sjfhta`cn tamt `s jbthc cjt tah emsh w`ta B`rh^`rh empturhs#Fjrhjvhr yjur CIH fust suppjrt Kmtea [hempturh jb AGR#

Wah kmtea&rhempturh fmy hvhc kh gjch jc m g`bbhrhct fjrh pjwhrbuisysthf# Ajwhvhr ta`s rhqu`rhs tah CIH kh mkih tj hxpjrt mcg `fpjrt mKmtea Empturh i`st#

Ujcy prjv`ghs m suphrk wmy jb suppjrt`cn GR grmbt# @ts AGRemfejrghrs prjv`gh m amrgwmrh gjwcejcvhrt jb AGR# Cjw yju emc

hg`t w`ta mcy fmea`ch tamt emc hg`t GR# Wah t`fhejgh bjr tah GR v`ghj`s `ghctèmi tj tah t`fhejgh bjr tah AGR v`ghj# Wa`s hcmkihs tah kmtearh&empturh prjehss tj sueehhg#

^jrobijw Jpt`jcs

Jch jb fjst bucgmfhctmi ghkmths `c wjro`cn w`ta AGR‗sajuig whhg`t `t ’cmt`vhiy‖ jr ush mc ’`cthrfhg`mth‖ ejghe#

Mequ`r`cn R`ghj

AGR emc kh `cput ms ejfprhsshg g`n`tmi gmtm !v`m B`rh^`rh)ucejfprhsshg g`n`tmi gmtm !v`m AG&UG@ jr AGF@) jr ucejfprhsshgmcmijn gmtm !v`m mcmijn ejfpjchct)# M \E@ emrg suea ms tajsh sjig kyKimeofmn`e mcg MDM suppjrts tah imtthr twj pmtas#

Ejfprhsshg G`n`tmiGmtm

Xcejfprhsshg G`n`tmiGmtm

Xcejfprhsshg McmijnGmtm

\mta B`rh^`rh AG&UG@ jr AGF@ Mcmijn Ejfpjchct

\rjehss M*G Ejcvhrthr

Bjrf @K\&brmfh " F\; Xcejfprhsshg G`n`tmi Gmtm

\rjehss Ghejgh

Mug`j G`n`tmi 71oAz

R`ghj G`n`tmi PXR

\rjehss 74;4< !jciy F\HN&;) jr 74;4< tj 74;4;

Cj Ejghe Xcejfprhsshg

F\HN&; @&brmfh

F\HN&; @K\&brmfh !rhmgy bjr GRG)

GRE GRE\[J AG !gjwcsmfpihs rhsjiut`jc)

D\HN \ajtjD\HN !grmbt jciy)

E`chBjrf ^mvhiht

Emcjpus A] AG

Mppih \rj[hs 7;;

Mv`g GCxAG

K`ts 1&k`t 1&k`t jr =<&k`ts !cjt F\HN&;)

Umfpi`cn 74;4< 74;4< !jciy F\HN&;) jr 74;4;4

Wyph Cmt`vh @cthrfhg`mth

Utjrmnh G`so B`ih

Cjth =4 Cj fmtthr tah ejcchet`jc pmta rhejrghg AGR `s 1&k`t 74;4<v`ghj tamt ams khhc F\HN&; ejfprhsshg#

Cjth ;4 Nrhhc `cgèmths a`nahst qumi`ty? Kiuh `cgèmths a`na qumi`ty?Jrmcnh `cgèmths fjghrmth qumi`ty? [hg `cgèmths ijw qumi`ty# Phiijw`cgèmths m g`rhet pmta#

Ms tah eamrt `cgèmths tahrh mrh fmcy `cthrfhg`mth ejghes mvmìmkih#Cjch jb tahf `cahrhctiy `cerhmsh tah qumi`ty jb AGR‗`c bmet w`ta tahhxehpt`jc jb ucejfprhsshg v`ghj mii rhqu`rh mc mgg`t`jcmiejfprhss`jc sthp mbthr AGR ams khhc ghejghg# Fjrhjvhr`cthrfhg`mth ejghes mrh bmr ihss stjrmnh hbbè`hct tamc `s AGR#

1&k`ts jr =<&k`ts:

Ujfh khi`hvh pime`cn ghejghg AGR 1&k`t gmtm w`ta`c m =<&k`t `cthrfhg`mthejghe wìi `cerhmsh `fmnh qumi`ty# @t emccjt# @t `s cufkhr jb k`ts ushg kyyjur CIH wahc `t rhcghrs hbbhets tamt fmtthr# !^`ta BE\ yju emc wahtahrtah jutput `s rhcghrhg tj mc 1& jr =<&k`t ejghe#

74;4< jr 74;4;:

Mt sjfh pj`ct AGR 74;4< fust mbthr ghejg`cn kh upsmfpihg tj h`tahr74;4; jr 74747# Ujfh khi`hvh `b tah ejcvhrs`jc `s gjch mt tah pj`ct AGR `sejcvhrthg tj mc `cthrfhg`mth ejghe `fmnh qumi`ty wìi kh a`nahr# Jtahrskhi`hvh `b upsmfpi`cn `s gjch ky amrgwmrh `c tah emfejrghr jr RW[ ms `tpmsshs tj tah AGF@ jr AG&UG@ pjrt qumi`ty wìi kh a`nahr# Mcg stìi jtahrskhi`hvh tamt `b tah CIH ushs 74747 `t fmohs fjrh shcsh tj phrbjrf m s`cnih

upsmfpih brjf 74;4< tj 74747 tamc jch brjf 74;4< tj mc `cthrfhg`mth 74;4;mcg tahc brjf 74;4; tj 74747 `c tah CIH#

Kjttjf i`ch tah `ssuh `s cjt ’wahrh‖ kut ajw ’whii‖ tah upsmfpih `s gjch#@t ejuig kh gjch whii ky sjbtwmrh !gur`cn tah ejcvhrs`jc tj mc `cthrfhg`mthejghe) jr ky sjbtwmrh `c yjur CIH mt tah pj`ct jb rhcghr`cn jr hxpjrt#

Iòhw`sh tah amrgwmrh `c tah emfejrghr*RW[ fmy gj `t khst# Pju fmy jrfmy cjt kh mkih tj g`sehrc v`s`kih g`bbhrhcehs mfjcn tahsh jpt`jcs#

Xs`cn mc `cthrfhg`mth ejghe gjhs jbbhr bjur mgvmctmnhs4

=# Gur`cn tah trmcsejgh `t `s pjss`kih bjr kmg brmfhs mcg krjohct`fhejgh tj kh rhpm`rhg#

;# âhc AGR mc `cthr&brmfh ejghe `s trmcsejghg tj @&brmfh F\HN&;tah `ctrm&brmfh bjrfmt emc kh fjrh hbbè`hctiy ghejghg tahrhky`fprjv`cn hg`t`cn phrbjrfmceh# Mppih‐s M@E ejghe `s mc hxmfpih jb mc @&brmfh F\HN&; bjrfmt#

5# @ctrm&brmfh `cthrfhg`mth ejghes emc kh ghejfprhsshg w`ta nrhmthbbè`hcey# Waus fjrh strhmfs jb v`ghj emc kh f`xhg tjnhtahr#

Ajwhvhr khemush hmea brmfh ams fjrh gmtm tjtmi g`so tarjunaputwìi kh fuea nrhmthr tamc mc hqumi cufkhr jb AGR strhmfs#

7# Fmcy prjdhets rhqu`rh v`ghj kh prjehsshg shquhct`miiy ky shvhrmimppièmt`jcs# @ctrm&brmfh `cthrfhg`mth bjrfmts mrh fjrh rjkusttamc AGR# Xcejfprhsshg v`ghj `s tah ihmst brmnìh jb tahsh ejghes#

Mppih !\rj[hs 7;;) Mv`g !GCxAG) Emcjpus !A]) mcg E`chBjrf!EBAG) ejghes mrh `ghmi bjr tmsos tamt rhqu`rh fuit`pih ejfprhss`jceyeihs# @t fmy cjt kh chehssmry bjr yju tj empturh tj jr ejcvhrt tjmc `cthrfhg`mth ejghe‗mii yjur sjureh AGR fmthr`mi# Pju fmyejcvhrt jciy tah fmthr`mi yju chhg tj fjvh tj m ’Wrmcsbhr‖ ejghe#\rj[hs 7;; `s mc hxmfpih jb m trmcsbhr ejghe# @t emc kh ushg tjfjvh rhcghrhg ejijr ejrrhet`jc v`ghj brjf Ejijr kmeo tj BE\#

\rjehss`cn R`ghj

âhc m brmfh jb v`ghj `s chhghg ky mc CIH‐s g`spimy jr hbbhets hcn`ch

tah mpprjpr`mth ejghe `s mutjfmtèmiiy hfpijyhg tj ghejfprhss mc`cthrfhg`mth bjrfmt jr ghejgh F\HN&; tj ucejfprhsshg PXR gmtm# @b tah sjureh `s mirhmgy ucejfprhsshg `t `s g`rhetiy ushg#

Gur`cn AGR ghejg`cn AGR‐s 74;4< smfpi`cn `s up&smfpihg tj 74;4; jr74747# Ghphcg`cn jc yjur CIH‐s empmkì`t`hs jr ushr shihethg jpt`jcs1&k`t gmtm mrh prjehsshg ms 1&k`ts =<&k`ts jr ms bijmt`cn&pj`ct gmtm#

Bjr g`spimy jc m ejfputhr fjc`tjr PXR `s ejcvhrthg tj [NK# Ajwhvhr`b yjur ejfputhr ams m kjmrg tamt jutputs mcmijn ejfpjchct jr AG&UG@ tah gmtm mrh cjt ejcvhrthg mcg rhfm`c `c PXR ejijrspmeh#

âhc fuit`pih strhmfs jb v`ghj mrh ejfk`chg !f`xhg) ky m sphe`mihbbhets !BQ) hcn`ch tah g`n`tmi v`ghj strhmfs h`tahr [NK jr PXR mrhprjehsshg ms h`tahr 74;4; jr 74747 v`ghj# Wah`r jutput `s jb ejurshmisj 74;4; jr 74747 v`ghj# Wa`s v`ghj h`tahr [NK jr PXR `s tahcprjehsshg mpprjpr`mthiy bjr `cthrcmi mcg*jr hxthrcmi g`spimy#

Ghphcg`cn jc tah cufkhr jb strhmfs tah cmturh jb tah ejghe!s)hfpijyhg tah cufkhr mcg ejfpihx`ty jb tah BQ mppi`hg mcg kjta tahejfputh pjwhr mcg g`so tarjunaput jb yjur ejfputhr‗tah jutput jb tah g`spimy hcn`ch jr mbbhets hcn`ch fmy kh prhv`hwhg4

Ñ mt buii&brmfhrmth

Ñ mt chmr buii&brmfhrmth

Ñ mt ihss tamc buii&brmfhrmth

Ñ jciy mbthr sjfh jr mii jb tah hbbhets amvh khhc rhcghrhg#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;=>

Xs`cn tjgmy‐s pjwhrbui ejfputhrs ’rhmit`fh‖ t`fhi`ch pimykmeo `sjbthc mea`hvmkih# Cjth tamt ghphcg`cn jc tah CIH‐s ghs`nc rhmit`fhpimykmeo fmy fhmc mcy jb tah b`rst tarhh ejcg`t`jcs i`sthg mkjvh#

\rhv`hw rhcghr bìhs mrh tah ohy tj buii&brmfh rmth pimykmeo wahcrhmit`fh `s h`tahr cjt pjss`kih jr wahc prhv`hw pimykmeo phrbjrfmceh`s ucmeehptmkih# \rhv`hw bìhs emc kh nhchrmthg tarhh wmys4

=# [hcghrhg rhsuits mrh AGR hcejghg mcg stjrhg `c m bìh# âìhF\HN&; hcejg`cn `s ejfputh `cthcs`vh kjta g`so tarjunaput mcgstjrmnh rhqu`rhfhcts mrh f`c`fmi#

;# [hcghrhg rhsuits mrh ejfprhsshg mcg stjrhg `c m bìh# Ejghe jpt`jcs`ceiugh4 GRE\[J AG Mppih \rj[hs 7;; Mv`g GCxAG Emcjpus A]mcg E`chBjrf EBAG#

5# Xcejfprhsshg rhcghrhg rhsuits mrh s`fpiy stjrhg `c m bìh# Wa`s

jpt`jc rhqu`rhs cj ejfprhss`jc mcg sj `s vhry bmst# Xcbjrtucmthiyw`ta AG kjta g`so tarjunaput mcg stjrmnh rhqu`rhfhcts mrh aunh#

Wah imtthr twj jpt`jcs rhqu`rh tah CIH tj h`tahr miijw yju tj sphe`by m\rhv`hw ejghe shpmrmthiy brjf tah Uhquhceh ejghe jr miijw rhmit`fhhg`t`cn w`tajut sjureh ejghe!s) fmtea`cn tah Uhquhceh ejghe# !Mv`gFhg`m Ejfpjshr ;#> mcg Qprhss \rj 8#> mutjfmtèmiiy rhcghr us`cn tahGCxAG ejghe# âhc us`cn Mppih‐s BE\ mcg Ejijr yju emc shihet `tsjutput rhcghr tj kh \rj[hs 7;; rmtahr tamc AGR#)

Uhquhceh Ejghe

^`ta CIH‐s tamt gj cjt suppjrt ’jphc t`fhi`ch‖ hg`t`cn yju fustshihet mc AGR Uhquhceh ejghe bjr rhmi&t`fh cmt`vh AGR hg`t`cn# CIH‐stamt suppjrt mc ’jphc t`fhi`ch‖ miijw yju tj eajsh m cjc&AGR ejghebjr m Uhquhceh# !@c tah imtthr emsh `b yju wmct tj hg`t `c rhmi&t`fh khsurh tj eajjsh m ejghe tamt emc bucet`jc `c rhmi&t`fh# Cjt mii emc

Fmcy ejcbush m ’Ujureh‖ `cthrfhg`mth ejghe w`ta m ’\rhv`hw‖ `cthrfhg`mth ejghe# Wahy fmy kut chhg cjt kh tah smfh# @t `shct`rhiy pjss`kih w`ta sjfh CIHs tj hg`t cmt`vh AGR bìhs mcg ush mg`bbhrhct ejghe suea ms GCxAG jr \rj[hs 7;; ms m \rhv`hw

!’rhcghr‖) ejghe#Cmt`vh AGR prhv`hw bìhs‗amv`cn njch tarjuna F\HN&; ghejg`cn mcgF\HN&; hcejg`cn‗wìi subbhr fjrh qumi`ty ijss tamc wìi m a`na&qumi`ty\rhv`hw ejghe# \rhv`hw bìhs brjf ejfprhsshg `cthrfhg`mth ejghesamvh ucghrnjch jch F\HN&; ghejgh pius jch ejfprhss`jc# Mcucejfprhsshg prhv`hw bìh‗mssuf`cn yjur systhf emc amcgih tah g`so

tarjunaput‗jbbhrs cj ijss `c qumi`ty ms tahrh ams khhc jciy jch F\HN&; ghejgh#

@c fjst emshs `t gjhs cjt fmtthr `b m \rhv`hw `s cjt buii qumi`ty ms ijcnms `t pimys mt jr vhry chmr buii sphhg# Waus AGR prhv`hw bìhs sajuigkh meehptmkih# âhrh prhv`hw qumi`ty gjhs fmtthr us`cn m \rhv`hwejghe `s tah khtthr eajèh#

Wahrh mrh tarhh typhs jb @cthrfhg`mth ejghs4 Ujureh !mii yjur AGR `sejcvhrthg gur`cn*mbthr empturh? Wrmcsbhr !jciy shnfhcts jb v`ghj tamt wìi

kh trmcsbhrrhg khtwhhc mppièmt`jcs mrh ejcvhrthg)? \rhv`hw !rhcghrs mrhfmgh tj ta`s ejghe)# @t `s khst tj mvj`g us`cn m Ujureh @cthrfhg`mth ejghekhemush `t wìi kh bmr ihss stjrmnh hbbè`hct tamc AGR mcg cjt jbbhrs`nc`bèmctiy nrhmthr v`ghj qumi`ty#

âhc mc AGR Uhquhceh `s hxpjrthg mii AGR sjureh bìhs mrh ghejghg#

Hmea AGR brmfh `s ghejghg jciy jceh gur`cn hxpjrt# !@b Ufmrt NJ\Upiè`cn `s suppjrthg cjt mii brmfhs fmy chhg tj kh ghejghg# UhhUfmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn khijw#)

Wajsh CIHs waèa‗tj sphhg hxpjrt‗fmoh ush jb prhv`hw bìhs gur`cnhxpjrt mrh shcs`t`vh tj wahtahr jr cjt prhv`hw bìhs mrh cmt`vh AGR#Ajwhvhr ky ghiht`cn prhv`hw bìhs pr`jr tj hxpjrt m Uhquhceh mc CIHwìi kh bjrehg tj nhchrmth chw brmfhs brjf tah AGR sjureh bìhs#

Cmt`vh Hg`t`cn

CIHs tamt emc g`rhetiy empturh mcg cmt`vhiy hg`t AGR `ceiugh Fhg`mEjfpjshr Qprhss \rj AG Mv`g I`qu`g Emcjpus HG@XU B`cmi Eut \rjmcg Rhnms# Mii emc empturh =<1<`8< mcg =<1<`2< v`m B`rh^`rh#

âhc AGR `s hxpjrthg tj tmph `t `s rhejrghg ms h`tahr =<1<`8< jr =<1<`2<# @t emccjt kh rhejrghg ms =<1<`8<*;8pjr =<1<`*5<p# Mbthr hxpjrt`cn m ;8p*5<p shquhceh ms=<1<`8<*=<1<`2< tahrh sajuig kh cj prjkihf rh&emptur`cntah AGR v`ghj mcg us`cn `t `c m ;8p*5<p t`fhi`ch#

Mppih B`cmi Eut \rj 2#<#;

BE\ 2#<#; emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p#

Wah R=‐s =<1<`8<*;8p mcg =<1<`2<*5 pius AGR ― =<1<`2< `b yju pimc tj rhejrg yjur prjguet`jc kmeo tj tmph# Ajwhvhr `b yju pimctj hxpjrt m fjv`h bìh tamt yju‐ii shcg tj m bìf imk ush Hmsy Uhtup4

[mth6;8 pius AGR ― =<1<p;8# BE\ 2#<#; suppjrts ;&5 puiigjwcrhfjvmi `c h`tahr jb twj wmys#

Fhtajg =4 Xsh tah Hmsy Uhtup4 [mth6;0#0> pius AGR ―=<1<p;7# Gur`cn empturh ;&5 puiigjwc `s ghthethg mcgrhfjvhg# Empturhg ei`ps wìi amvh m rmth jb ;0#0>bps mcghvhry b`bta brmfh wìi kh gupièmth !Brmfhs E= mcg E;)#

Fhtajg = suppjrts v`ghj sajt us`cn ’;7‖ jr ’;7M‖ fjgh#

Brmfh M Brmfh K Brmfh E Brmfh G

M&jggi`chs

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ë ë ë ìììììì ë

ë ë ë ÚÚÚÚÚ ë

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R`ghj Brmfh = R`ghj Brmfh ; R`ghj Brmfh 5 R`ghj Brmfh 7 R`ghj Brmfh 8

[hejrghg jc Wmph4 8 Bìf Brmfhs `c =< R`ghj B`higs

;&5 Emghceh Ghthet`jc

Ñ Ñ Ú Ú

;&5 \uiigjwc [hfjvmi

ë ë ë ë è â è â ë ë

ë ë ë ë è è â â ë ë

ë ë ë ë ë ë ë ë ë ë

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Brmfh M Brmfh K Brmfh E= Brmfh E; Brmfh G


Dugghr*Upi`t Brmfhs `c [hg# @ghctèmi b`higs `c Kiuh*Nrhhc# Gupièmth Brmfhs `c Phiijw#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;;<

Chw Uhquhcehs wìi kh AGR w`ta m brmfh&rmth jb ;5#0>2bps# Pju fmywmct tj sht [hcghr Ejghe4 tj ’Mppih \rj[hs 7;;‖ ucghr mshquhceh‐s [hcghr Ejctrji tmk# Cjw `b yju rhcghr tah rhcghr wìi khtj \rj[hs 7;; w`ta m brmfh&rmth jb ;5#0>2bps#

âhc yju grjp tah b`rst ei`p `ctj m ;7bps Uhquhceh yju‐ii kh msohg `b yju wmct tj eamcnh tah Uhquhceh tj fmtea tah ei`p# Pju fust smy CJ#

Jceh `c m Uhquhceh tah =<1<`2<*;7p ei`ps wìi kh trhmthg ms =<1<p;7khemush hvhry 8ta brmfh !E;) wìi kh `ncjrhg #

@b yju ush Fhtajg = yju emccjt hxpjrt mc AGR ;7pt`fhi`ch tj tah R= ms =<1<`2<*;7p#

Fhtajg ;4 eajjsh tah Hmsy Uhtup4 [mth6;5#01 pius AGR ―Mppih \rj[hs 7;; =<1<p;7# !Uhh Eampthr 0 bjr`cbjrfmt`jc mkjut \rj[hs 7;;#) AGR wìi kh empturhg!w`tajut RW[ ejctrji) mcg ejcvhrthg tj \rj[hs 7;;#

Fhtajg ; suppjrts ;&5 puiigjwc rhfjvmi jciy `b yju sajtus`cn tah R=‐s ’;7M‖ fjgh#

Gur`cn empturh ;&5 puiigjwc `c ’;7\M‖ v`ghj `s ghthethg mcg Brmfh

E; `s rhfjvhg # Empturhg ei`ps wìi kh ;5#0>2bps w`ta cj gupièmthbrmfhs# Chw Uhquhcehs wìi kh \rj[hs 7;; mt ;5#0>2bps#

@b yju sajt us`cn ’;7‖ fjgh shh ;&5 \uiigjwc [hfjvmiXcghr JU Q `c Eampthr =<#

Wahrh `s cj qumi`ty mgvmctmnh tj us`cn Fhtajg ;# XshFhtajg ; jciy `b yju chhg tj rhejrg yjur ;7p prjguet`jc tjtmph# Pju wìi fust ush mc MDM jr Kimeo Fmnè emrg jr kjx

tj mgg ;&5 puiigjwc mcg jutput mc UG@ jr AG&UG@ s`ncmi#

Mppih B`cmi Eut \rj 8#=#7

BE\ 8#=#7 emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;;=

Wah R=‐s =<1<`8<*;8p mcg =<1<`2<*5 pius AGR ― =<1<`2< `b yju pimc tj rhejrg yjur prjguet`jc kmeo tj tmph# Ajwhvhr `b yju pimctj hxpjrt m fjv`h bìh tamt yju‐ii shcg‗jc amrgg`so‗tj m bìf imk ush

Hmsy Uhtup4 [mth6;8 pius AGR ― =<1<p;8#

BE\ 8#=#7 gjhs cjt suppjrt ;&5 puiigjwc rhfjvmi# Wahrhbjrh bjiijwta`s prjehgurh4

Ñ Empturh tah =<1<`2<*;7p AGR ei`ps us`cn BE\# Mbthr empturh tahsjureh ei`ps wìi kh `c tah B`cmi Eut \rj Gjeufhcts*EmpturhUermtea*prjdhetZcmfh#

Ñ Cjw nj tj ;&5 \uiigjwc [hfjvmi Xcghr JU Q `c Eampthr =<#

Ñ Mbthr puiigjwc ams khhc rhfjvhg `fpjrt tah =<1<p;7 AGR bìhs`ctj BE\#

Ñ Ghihth tah empturhg =<1<`2<*;7p AGR bìhs#

BE\ 8#=#7 emccjt hxpjrt m ;7p t`fhi`ch tj AGR tmph ms=<1<`2<*;7p#

Mv`g Fhg`m Ejfpjshr mcg Qprhss \rj AG

Fhg`m Ejfpjshr mcg Hxpjrt AG emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2<=<1<`8<*;8p mcg =<1<`2<*5<p#

Mbthr emptur`cn AGR v`m B`rh^`rh yju emc hg`t cmt`vh AGR jr trmcsejghtah ei`ps tj Mv`g‐s GCxAG&W[ =;< !8<`) GCxAG&W[ =78 !2<`) ejghe#!Uhh Eampthr 0 bjr fjrh `cbjrfmt`jc mkjut GCxAG#)

Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn `s suppjrthg gur`cn hxpjrt ms AGR# !Uhh UfmrtNJ\ Upiè`cn khijw#)

Ch`tahr Fhg`m Ejfpjshr ;#> cjr Qprhss \rj 8#> emc rhfjvh ;&5

puiigjwc brjf =<1<`2<*;7p v`ghj tahrhbjrh tahy emccjt cmt`vhiy hg`ttah R=‐s ;7p v`ghj `c m ;7p t`fhi`ch#

Pju emccjt hxpjrt m ;7p t`fhi`ch tj AGR tmph ms=<1<`2<*;7p#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;;;

Mv`g I`qu`g

Mv`g‐s I`qu`g >#; emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8pmcg =<1<`2<*5<p# I`qu`g `s cjt mkih tj rhfjvh ;&5 puiigjwc gur`cnempturh# Gur`cn empturh I`qu`g ejcvhrts AGR tj m pm`r jb \EF mug`jbìhs mcg shvhrmi v`ghj rhimthg bìhs waèa prhvhcts puiigjwc rhfjvmius`cn jtahr mppièmt`jcs# Wahrhbjrh I`qu`g emccjt hg`t tah R=‐s=<1<`2<*;7p `c m ;7p t`fhi`ch# Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn `s suppjrthg gur`cnhxpjrt ms AGR# !Uhh Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn khijw#)

Emcjpus HG@XU \rj

HG@XU \rj 7#2 cmt`vhiy emc hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p# HG@XU \rj 7#8 gjhs cjt suppjrt ;&5 puiigjwc rhfjvmigur`cn AGR empturh tahrhbjrh `t emccjt hg`t tah R=‐s =<1<`2<*;7p `c m;7p cmt`vh AGR t`fhi`ch#

Pju emc ajwhvhr empturh =<1<`2<*;7p AGR us`cn tah Emcjpus A]ejghe# Gur`cn AGR empturh mcg ejcvhrs`jc tj A] ;&5 puiigjwc `srhfjvhg# Pju emc hg`t tah A] ejghe v`ghj `c m ;7p A] t`fhi`ch# !UhhEampthr 0#)

Mgjkh \rhf`hrh \rj EU5 Xcghr JU Q

\rhf`hrh \rj emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p# \rhf`hrh \rj gjhs cjt suppjrt ;&5 puiigjwc rhfjvmi#Gur`cn empturh \rhf`hrh \rj ejcvhrts AGR tj m pm`r jb v`ghj rhimthgbìhs waèa prhvhcts puiigjwc rhfjvmi us`cn jtahr mppièmt`jcs#Wahrhbjrh \rhf`hrh \rj emccjt hg`t tah R=‐s =<1<`2<*;7p `c m ;7pt`fhi`ch#

\rhf`hrh \rj EU5 emccjt hxpjrt tj AGR tmph#

Mgjkh \rhf`hrh \rj EU5 Xcghr ^`cgjws

\rhf`hrh \rj emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p# \rhf`hrh \rj gjhs cjt suppjrt ;&5 puiigjwc rhfjvmi# @

rhejffhcg us`cn \rhf`hrh \rj jciy w`ta E`chBjrf‐s Msphet AG#Gur`cn empturh Msphet AG emc rhfjvh ;&5 puiigjwc brjf=<1<`2<*;7p# !Uhh Eampthr 0#)

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;;5

Ujcy Rhnms

Rhnms >#<h*1 emc cmt`vhiy hg`t4 =<1<`8< =<1<`2< =<1<`8<*;8p mcg=<1<`2<*5<p# Rhnms >#<h*1 emc empturh kjta typhs jb =<1<`2<*;7p#Jceh empturhg yju emc hg`t ;7bps v`ghj `c m =<1<p;7 t`fhi`ch# UfmrtNJ\ Upiè`cn `s suppjrthg gur`cn hxpjrt ms AGR# !Uhh Ufmrt NJ\Upiè`cn khijw#)

Rhnms wìi hxpjrt m ;7p t`fhi`ch tj AGR tmph ms =<1<`2<ky mutjfmtèmiiy mgg`cn ;&5 puiigjwc# Wah ’bimns‖chehssmry bjr =<1<`2<*;7 mrh ajwhvhr cjt mgghg#Wahrhbjrh `b yju chhg tj rhempturh tah AGR v`ghj `t fmycjt kh pjss`kih tj rh&hg`t `t `c m ;7p t`fhi`ch#

Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn

Jch jb tah fmdjr gjwcs`ghs jb cmt`vh AGR `s tah vhry ijcn wm`trhqu`rhg khbjrh mc hxpjrt&tj&tmph# Wah wm`t jbthc emiihg ’ejcbjrf`cn‖ `s rhqu`rhg ms hvhry brmfh brjf tah b`rst brmfh tj tah imst brmfh `c mt`fhi`ch `s F\HN&; hcejghg# Fmcy amvh mvj`ghg ta`s wm`t khemush tjgmth tahy amvh jciy khhc hxpjrt`cn UG fhg`m# Ms tah rhqu`rhfhct bjra`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs ghvhijps tahrh wìi kh cj wmy tj mvj`g AG F\HN&; hcejg`cn#

Mbthr hg`t`cn wahrhvhr tahrh ams khhc mc hg`t NJ\ strueturhs amvhkhhc ejrrupthg# Mc hxmfpih us`cn =<1<`‐s =8&brmfh NJ\s `s sajwckhijw#

@c jrghr tj jktm`c m phrbhet NJ\ shr`hs bjr hxpjrt ms AGR tah s`fpihstprjehgurh `s tj s`fpiy khn`c mt tah stmrt jb tah t`fhi`ch mcg ghejghhvhry NJ\ tj m shquhceh jb @&brmfhs# Wahc hmea shr`hs jb 2 =; jr =8@&brmfhs mrh rh&hcejghg# !DRE‐s 8<*2<p \rjAG hfpijys =;&brmfhNJ\s#) Jkv`jusiy tah ghejgh mcg hcejgh jb hvhry a`na&ghb`c`t`jc

brmfh `c m t`fhi`ch tmohs mc hcjrfjusiy ijcn t`fh‗hvhc w`ta tjgmy‐sgumi&ejrh prjehssjrs# Wah ghejgh mcg hcejgh misj ijwhrs `fmnhqumi`ty# @b jciy tahrh whrh m wmy tj mvj`g ghejg`cn mcg rhejg`cn hvhrybrmfh wahc ’ejcbjrf`cn‖ m t`fhi`ch gur`cn hxpjrt#

Ufmrt NJ\s

âhc yju wmtea MWUE AG mt kjta tah chtwjro mcg ijemi ihvhi F\HN&; Wrmcspjrt Utrhmf sjurehs mrh rhmit`fh sw`teahg w`ta brmfhmeeurmey# Jciy tah imst NJ\ jb jut&nj`cn F\HN&; v`ghj mcg tah b`rstNJ\ jb `cejf`cn F\HN&; v`ghj mrh ghejghg mcg rhejghg#

Gj`cn sj prhvhcts tah `fmnh ghnrmgmt`jc tamt wjuig rhsuit brjfghejg`cn mcg rhejg`cn tah hct`rh k`t&strhmf# ây emc.t m sjbtwmrhvhrs`jc kh `fpihfhcthg tj meejfpi`sa tah smfh tmso gur`cn tah hxpjrtjb m t`fhi`ch:

BMUW waèa wms kjunat ky \`ccmeih waèa wms tahc kjunat ky Mv`gghvhijphg m vhrs`jc jb suea theacjijny emiihg Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn#I`qu`g >#; ejct`cuhs tj `cejrpjrmth ta`s theacjijny# Fhg`m Ejfpjshr;#> mcg Qprhss \rj 8#> suppjrt Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn#

@b yju mrh m theacj&pajkh pihmsh bhhi brhh tj so`p tj Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cnI`f`tmt`jcs#

Ijnèmiiy NJ\ spiè`cn `cvjivhs sajrthc`cn mc jut&nj`cn NJ\? jrsajrthc`cn mc `cejf`cn NJ\? jr sajrthc`cn kjta NJ\s# Khemush tahF\HN&; bjrfmt miijws sajrthr tamc 2 =; jr =8 brmfh NJ\s `t wjuigshhf tah tmso `s m s`fpih jch# Ahrh mrh twj hxmfpihs4

Uajrthr Jut&nj`cn4

@KK\KK&@KK } \KK&@KK\KK&@KK\KK eut&jbb \KK brjf jut&nj`cn

@KK\KK&@KK&@KK\KK&@KK\KK spièh twj NJ\s tjnhtahr

Uajrthr @c&ejf`cn4

@KK\KK&@KK\KK&@KK { \KK&@KK\KK eut&jbb @KK mcg ghejgh \KK tj @@@

@KK\KK&@KK\KK& @@@&@KK\KK hcejgh @@@ tj @KK

@KK\KK&@KK\KK&@KK&@KK\KK spièh twj NJ\s tjnhtahr

@t surh ijjos s`fpih# Chvhrtahihss ijjo mnm`c mt tah spièhg shr`hs jb bjur NJ\s# Pju wìi cjth tah rhg @&brmfhs jb tah imst tarhh NJ\s amvhfjvhg eijshr tjnhtahr#

AGR khemush `t `s wr`tthc tj tmph hfpijys EK[ !Ejcstmct K`t [mth)hcejg`cn# Wah hcejghr tahrhbjrh ohhps `ts jutput gmtm rmth msejcstmct ms pjss`kih# Wj fhht ta`s njmi `t wìi smer`bèh `fmnh qumi`ty‗ky `cerhms`cn ejfprhss`jc‗wahc prhshcthg w`ta m ejfpihx brmfh#Iòhw`sh `t wìi gherhmsh ejfprhss`jc‗waèa `cerhmshs `fmnhqumi`ty‗wahchvhr m brmfh `s s`fpih tj hcejgh#

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@&brmfhs pusa rhimt`vh tj \& mcg K&brmfhs m aunh qumct`ty jb gmtm`ctj tah kubbhr# Cjrfmiiy tahsh phmos mrh sfjjtahg ky tah \& mcg K&brmfhs tamt jeeur khbjrh tah chxt @&brmfh# âhchvhr @&brmfhs jeeurtjj brhquhctiy tah kubbhr emc jvhrbijw#

Jch wmy tj prhvhct ta`s hrrjr ms ghser`khg `c m Umrcjbb Ejrpjrmt`jcpmthct jc m krjmgemst F\HN&; spièhr `s ’tj mgdust tah RK[ ihvhis jb tah brjf&strhmf mcg tj&strhmf … sj tah rhsuit`cn spièhg trmcspjrtstrhmf wìi cjt subbhr jvhrbijw ucghrbijw jr jtahr ucghs`rmkih kubbhrfhfjry khamv`jr#‖ Pju emc ta`co jb ta`s prjehss ms m bhhgkmeo ijjp

tamt mgdusts hcejghr ejfprhss`jc ihvhi kmshg upjc eurrhct RK[ kubbhr ’buiichss#‖

U`fuimt`jc jb Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn

Wj ihmrc fjrh mkjut Ufmrt Upiè`cn @ erhmthg m s`fpih s`fuimt`jc# WahWmkih khijw sajws m yhiijw ehii rhprhshct`cn tah imst K&brmfh!ihbtfjst) khbjrh tah jut&nj`cn !pmih nrhhc brmfhs) NJ\‗waìh tahr`natfjst yhiijw ehii rhprhshcts tah b`rst @&brmfh mbthr tah `c&ejf`cn !pmih kiuh brmfhs) NJ\# Wah pmih nrhhc mcg kiuh ehiis rhprhshct twjuc&tr`ffhg 2&brmfh Eijshg NJ\s#

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Meejrg`cn tj tah Umrcjbb pmthct ’^`ta rhsphet tj rmth ejctrji !waèauit`fmthiy ghthrf`chs pèturh qumi`ty jb tah trmcs`t`jc ei`p … guh tjfmso`cn `c tah aufmc v`sumi systhf m sfmii ghnrmgmt`jc `c v`ghjqumi`ty mt m sehch eamcnh `s jbthc `fphrehpt`kih tj m v`hwhr#‖ Wjhxpijrh ta`s ejcehpt @ `ceiughg m nrhhc ’qumi`ty‖ `cgèmtjr `c fys`fuimt`jc#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;;>

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Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn I`f`tmt`jcs

Wahrh mrh i`f`tmt`jcs tj tah ush jb m Ufmrt NJ\ Upièhr#

=# âhchvhr hbbhets amvh khhc mppi`hg tj mc AGR t`fhi`ch miirhcghrhg BQ brmfhs fust kh ejcbjrfhg# Waus hmea AGR brmfh

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7# Wahrh fmy kh jtahr s`tumt`jcs wahrh Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn emccjtushg#

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Ñ Chws trm`c`cn mcg hvhcts? wahrh BQ typèmiiy mrh cjt mppi`hg#

Ñ Ijcn&bjrf wjro? wahrh tah vmst fmdjr`ty jb trmcs`t`jcs mrh euts#!Gj cjt mppiy hbbhets uctì tah rjuna&eut `s b`c`sahg#)

@b ta`s `s tah typh jb wjro yju gj mcg yju wjro mnm`cst t`natghmgi`chs yju fmy b`cg sw`tea`cn tj jch jb Mv`g‐s CIHs‗wìi fmohyjur wjro bmr ihss strhssbui#

BE\‗Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn

Mitajuna Mppih eim`fs BE\ 8#=#7 mcg 2 jbbhr sfmrt NJ\ spiè`cn tah jciyt`fh ta`s wjros `s wahc twj jr fjrh mirhmgy ejcbjrfhg Uhquhcehs mrhgrjpphg `ctj m Uhquhceh# ^`ta`c m Uhquhceh hvhc m euts&jciy t`fhi`chfust kh ejcbjrfhg#

Khemush fmcy a`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRG mppièmt`jcs wìi `fpjrt AGR hvhc`b yju gj cjt hxpjrt tj AGR tmph‗Ufmrt NJ\ Upiè`cn wìi kh mcmgvmctmnh bjr tajsh erhmt`cn a`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs#

Eampthr 04 @cthrfhg`mth Ejghe Hg`t`cn


Eampthr 04 @cthrfhg`mth Ejghe

Hg`t`cn

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Mppih @cthrfhg`mth Ejghe

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Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;5<

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Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;5=

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B`rst qumi`ty `s cjt ijst gur`cn tah empturh*ejcvhrs`jc prjehss khemush

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AGR4 spmeh&phr&ajur

EBAG4 spmeh&phr&ajur

Ijw Gmtm&rmth A`na gmtm&rmth

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Wah EBAG ejghe `s mvmìmkih bjr ush w`ta BE\ 8 rucc`cn jc @cthi&kmshgFmes#

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Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;5;

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GRE\[J AG AGEMF Emcjpus A]

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earjfm `s ijwhr tamc GRE\[J AG#

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GRE\[J AG mcg AGEMF# Wahrhbjrh tah Emcjpus A] ejghe `s khtthrtamc kjta AGEMF mcg GRE\[J AG#

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Wah gmtm rmth‗mkjut =1 fhnmkyths phr shejcg‗bjr tah 1&k`t A]ejghe `s m brmet`jc jb 1&k`t ucejfprhsshg v`ghj tamt ams m gmtm rmth jb =;7Fhnmkyths phr shejcg#

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Fjc`tjr`cn bjr AG Hg`t`cn

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^`ta AGR CIHs ta`s jpt`jc `s cjt mvmìmkih khemush sjbtwmrh F\HN&;

hcejg`cn `s tjj ejfputh `cthcs`vh# Wwj sjiut`jcs mrh mvmìmkih#

Wah Emcjpus CQ suppi`hs mc AG mcmijn ejfpjchct bhhg tj yjur AGfjc`tjr# MDM mcg GheoI`co kjmrgs misj prjv`gh ta`s empmkì`ty#

Ujfh nrmpaès kjmrgs suea ms tah Fmtrjx \mrahi`m M\Rh amvh tah

empmkì`ty tj jktm`c mc CIH‐s AG v`ghj kubbhr mcg jutput `t ms mc AG GR@s`ncmi mcg*jr P\k\r mcmijn ejfpjchct s`ncmi#

Kh surh tj eaheo w`ta mii vhcgjrs jb tah prjguets yju pimc tj pureamsh tj

ghthrf`ch `b ta`s bucet`jcmi`ty `s rhi`mkiy suppjrthg ky mii prjguets#

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amcgih tarhh gmtm strhmfs4 wr`th empturhg AGR tj m g`so kubbhr? rhmg tahg`so kubbhr tj tah F\HN&; ghejghr? mcg wr`th tah `cthrfhg`mth ejghe kmeotj m g`so bìh# Wah `cthrfhg`mth gmtm mrh fmcy t`fhs nrhmthr `c kuio tamctah jr`n`cmi AGR fmthr`mi#

âhc m W`fhi`ch pimys tah g`so systhf fust rhmg mii tah strhmfs jb`cthrfhg`mth ejghe gmtm# Bjr fuit`strhmf hg`t`cn ta`s fmy rhqu`rh m [M@G#

Mv`g GCxAG Ejghe

Mv`g ams `t‐s jwc `cthrfhg`mth ejghe emiihg ’GCxAG#‖ Mv`g rhejnc`zhgtamt waìh us`cn ucejfprhsshg AG v`ghj bjr hg`t`cn gjhs ohhp v`ghj mt`ts jr`n`cmi qumi`ty khemush jb tah fmss`vh gmtm kmcgw`gta rhqu`rhg bjrucejfprhsshg AG sustm`c`cn stmkih phrbjrfmceh `s m g`bbèuit#

Wah GCxAG Ejghe jbbhrs vmr`mkih ejfprhss`jc rmths !81Fkps tj;;<Fkps) mcg jphrmths w`ta h`tahr 1&k`ts jr =<&k`ts# Kjta buii rmsthr!=0;<x=<1< mcg =;1<x>;<) mrh suppjrthg#

AGR emc kh trmcsejghg tj GCxAG―W[ =78 !=<1<`80#07) mcg GCxAG―W[ =;< !=<1<`8<)# Wa`c [msthr `s Mv`g‐s cmfh bjr =77<x=<1<

rhsjiut`jc# Wah trmcsejgh `s phrbjrfhg mbthr tah empturh jb AGR#

Xcejfprhsshg @cthrfhg`mth

Mii tah empturh sjiut`jcs prhshct tj ta`s pj`ct trmcsbhr AGR v`m `#I@CO#Ajwhvhr mc mithrcmt`vh `s tj miijw mc AGR ghvèh tj ghejgh tah >;<pjr =<1<` v`ghj tj4

Ñ Mcmijn Ejfpjchct AG !P\k\r) @b yjur empturh kjmrg amsejfpjchct `cputs ms gjhs tah Kimeofmnè GheoI`co AG mcg OJCMIAh tahc yju emc ejcchet yjur emfejrghr g`rhetiy tj tah kjmrg#

Ñ AG&UG@ !UF\WH ;0;F) AG&UG@ `s m theacjijny jb shcg`cnucejfprhsshg 74;4; g`n`tmi v`ghj mcg jpt`jcmiiy g`n`tmi mug`jmceìimry mcg fhtm&gmtm mt h`tahr =#718Nkps !2<Az) jr=#718*=#<<=Nkps !80#07Az)# Uphe`bèmiiy m UF\WH ;0;F k`tstrhmfejfpr`shs twj `cthrihmvhg strhmfs jch ejctm`c`cn =<&k`tiuf`cmceh ! P) smfpihs tah jtahr =<&k`t earjf`cmceh !EkEr )

smfpihs# Kjta =<1<`8< mcg =<1<`2< mrh suppjrthg# AG&UG@ emc khempturhg ky mc MDM OJCM 5*IAh jr Kimeofmnè GheoI`co AG kjmrg#

Ñ AGF@ Wah Ujcy R= mcg BQ> prjv`gh mc AGF@ jutput pjrt tamtemrr`hs ucejfprhsshg 74;4; 1&k`t g`n`tmi v`ghj pius gumi&eamcchi\EF =2&k`t 71oAz mug`j# Kimeofmnè‐s @cthcs`ty kjmrg `s m sfmii\E@ Hxprhss kjmrg tamt suppjrts =<1<`8< =<1<`80#07=<1<`80#07*;7p !jciy w`ta E`chBjrf sjbtwmrh) CWUE mcg \MIv`ghj#

^`ta tah r`nat sjbtwmrh yju emc ush @cthcs`ty tj empturh =<1<`8<jr =<1<`2< g`rhetiy brjf tah R= jr BQ>‐s H@\# Ky gj`cn ta`s yju emcsajjt mcg empturh AG v`ghj w`tajut F\HN&; hcejg`cn#

@b yju rhejrg tj AGR tmph yju emc misj khchb`t brjf AGF@ucejfprhsshg empturh mcg hg`t`cn# Mbthr F\HN&; ghejg`cn tah74;4; 1&k`t PEkEr ucejfprhsshg v`ghj `s shct v`m tah emfejrghr‐sAGF@ pjrt tj tah @cthcs`ty kjmrg# @c ta`s emsh tah ucejfprhsshgv`ghj `s empturhg ky yjur CIH# @cthcs`ty `s ejfpmt`kih w`ta Mgjkh\rhf`hrh \rj Mppih B`cmi Eut \rj Mgjkh Mbthr Hbbhets mcg Mgjkh\ajtjsajp pius mcy G`rhetUajw jr ]uèoW`fh kmshg sjbtwmrh

mppièmt`jc# @cthcs`ty `s buiiy suppjrthg ky E`chBjrf‐s Ejcchet AGMsphet AG mcg \rjsphet AG#

Utjrmnh [hqu`rhfhcts

Xs`cn mcy AG ucejfprhsshg ejghe m [M@G `s rhqu`rhg khemush bjrhxmfpih =<1<`2< v`ghj rhqu`rhs m gmtm trmcsbhr gmtm rmth jb

==0FK*shejcg# M vhry imrnh [M@G `s rhqu`rhg khemush mc ajur jb =<1<`rhqu`rhs 7=>NKs# Fjrhjvhr ta`s `s us`cn ucejfprhsshg 1&k`t v`ghj#

Wahsh vmiuhs `cerhmsh bjr =<1<`2<? tj =81FK*shejcg mcg m wajpp`cn882NK phr ajur whrh yju tj eajjsh tj g`n`t`zh us`cn =<&k`t v`ghj#

Wrmcsbhr Gmtm [mth Utjrmnh phr Ajur

=<1<`2< 1&k`t ==0FK*shejcg 7=>NK

=<1<`2< =<&k`t =81FK*shejcg 882NK

Amrg G`so \hrbjrfmceh

âhc ijjo`cn mt mcy g`so gr`vh sphe`bèmt`jc rhfhfkhr tah gmtm&rmthsphe`bèmt`jcs mrh typèmiiy phmo vmiuhs# [hfhfkhr ms m gr`vh jr [M@Gbìis tah gmtm rmth gherhmshs ms sajwc khijw#

Wah jtahr `ssuh `s g`so brmnfhctmt`jc tamt jeeurs cmturmiiy jvhr t`fh# Ajwfuea jb m g`bbhrhceh emc ta`s fmoh: Bjr m 2<NK >;<<rpf A`tmea` w`ta mc

1FK emeah tamt wms 7<&phrehct buii‗khbjrh kh`cn ghbrmnfhcthgUhquhct`mi [hmg*^r`th phrbjrfmceh wms ;=FK*shejcg# Mbthr kh`cnghbrmnfhcthg phrbjrfmceh `cerhmshg tj 5;FK*shejcg#

Eampthr =<4 =<1< tj AG Fjv`hs) A`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs) mcg Bìf

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;5>

Eampthr =<4 =<1< tj AG Fjv`hs)

A`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs)

mcg BìfWah R=‐s mkì`ty tj sajjt kjta `cthrimeh mcg prjnrhss`vh v`ghj prjv`ghs

m w`gh shihet`jc jb prjguet`jc pjss`kì`t`hs4

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<‗prjehss bjr m bìf ijjo#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<‗prjehss bjr m bìf ijjo#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<*;8p‗prjehss bjr m bìf ijjo#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<*;7p‗prjehss bjr m bìf ijjo#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<*5<p‗prjehss bjr m bìf ijjo#Wahsh jpt`jcs fmoh ush jb ’bìf ijjo‖ bucet`jcs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<‗trmcsbhr tj AG fjv`h bìhs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<*;8p‗trmcsbhr tj AG fjv`h bìhs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<‗trmcsbhr tj AG fjv`h bìhs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<*;7p‗trmcsbhr tj AG fjv`h bìhs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<*5<p‗trmcsbhr tj AG fjv`h bìhs#

Wahsh AG fjv`hs emc kh pimyhg jc m \E) Fme) jr MppihWR#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<‗ejcvhrt tj a`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<*;8p‗ejcvhrt tj a`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<‗ejcvhrt tj a`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<*;7p‗ejcvhrt tj a`na&ghb`c`t`jc GRGs#

Wahsh prjguet`jcs emc kh kurchg tj AG GRG mcg Kiu&rmy#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`8<*;8p‗bjr trmcsbhr tj ;8bps bìf#

➫ Uajjt =<1<`2<*;7p‗bjr trmcsbhr tj ;7bps bìf#

Eampthr =< ejvhrs tahsh tjpès#






Erhmt`cn m Bìf Ijjo

Wahrh mrh shvhrmi sjbtwmrh pmeomnhs yju emc ush tj mithr tah ijjo jb

v`ghj# Wahsh `ceiugh4Ñ Fmnè Kuiiht !www#rhgn`mctsjbtwmrh#ejf*fmnkuisu`t#atfi) bjr

^`cgjws#

Ñ Bìf Hbbhets !www#cmttrhss#ejf)#

Ñ GRBìf Fmohr !www#gvbìf#ejf*fmohr ) bjr JU Q#

Bìf Ijjo Mgdustfhcts

Khemush tahrh mrh sj fmcy g`bbhrhct bìf stjeos tah ejcehpt jb erhmt`cn m ’bìf ijjo‖ `s prjkihfmtè# Wah jciy jpt`jc `s tj fmoh v`ghjijjo ihss iòh v`ghj mcg fjrh iòh wamt wh ejcs`ghr bìf tj ijjo iòh#Bìf ams tarhh jkv`jus eamrmethr`stès4

Ñ Khemush rhg `s tah ijwhst gyh imyhr jc bìf stjeo `c tahjry rhgsajuig kh ihss `cthcsh tamc kiuh jr nrhhc# Ajwhvhr ejfpmrhg tjCWUE mcg \MI v`ghj‗bìf ams fjrh `cthcsh rhgs# Waus jch jpt`jc`s tj kjjst tah `cthcs`ty jb rhg# Wa`s `s bhms`kih w`ta AG#

Ñ Bìf ams fuea w`ghr imt`tugh mcg sj typèmiiy ams ihss ejctrmst#

Chvhrtahihss bìf emc smbhiy kh hxpjshg mcg prjehsshg bjr vhryghhp kimeos# Wahrhbjrh yju fmy wmct tj erusa kimeos#

Ñ Bìf ams nrm`c waìh v`ghj thcgs tj amvh cj`sh# @c fy jp`c`jc nrm`c`s tah erue`mi g`bbhrhceh khtwhhc bìf mcg v`ghj# @c bmet khemushnrm`c `s prhshct hvhc `c stmtè sehchs `t `s m fjrh ejct`cujus ’euh‖ tamt wh mrh wmtea`cn bìf tamc `s ;7bps fjt`jc dugghr# Wamcobuiiyyju emc mgg s`fuimthg nrm`c tj v`ghj#

GRBìf Fmohr

GRBìf G`n`tmi Wrmcsbhr ijcn ocjwc bjr ijw&ejst trmcsbhr jb UG mcg AG

v`ghj tj bìf jbbhrs tah`r GRBìf Fmohr utì`ty bjr JU Q mcg ^`cgjws#

GRBìf Fmohr `ceiughs fuit`pih bucet`jcs tamt emc kh ushg tj mithr tahijjo jb v`ghj# Pju fmy b`cg hfpijy`cn jch jr fjrh jb tah empmkì`t`hsfmy fmoh yjur v`ghj ijjo fjrh iòh bìf#






Gjwcijmg R;#7 !^`cgjws) jr R;#=; !JU Q) GRBìf Fmohr mtwww#gvbìf#ejf mcg `cstmii# !Wah JU Q vhrs`jc `s ejvhrhg ahrh#)Mgg`t`jcmi `cbjrfmt`jc mt4 www#gvbìf#ejf*fmohr*ahipfme#atf#

Pju sajuig gjwcijmg tah ghfj vhrs`jc jb GRBìf Fmohr mcg try m ejcvhrs`jc tj shh `b tah qumi`ty fhhts yjur chhgs#

@c GRBìf Fmohr ush Bìh 3 Jphc… tj shihet m bìh# !Pju fmy chhg tjshihet ’Mii Bìhs#‖)

Xsh \rjehss 3 R`hw Jpt`jcs… tj jktm`c tah Jpt`jcs fhcu#

Eièo tah Mgvmcehg Jpt`jcs kuttjc#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sht tah mfjuct jb [hg Kjjst ghs`rhg#Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sht tah mfjuct jb Nrm`c tj mgg#

Ñ Wurc&jbb tah PXR \rjehss jpt`jc gur`cn ejcvhrs`jc jb Mppih AGRfjv`hs# Jtahrw`sh turc&jc#

Ñ Eaheo Xshr Uhihets Ejfprhss`jc bjr mc hcejgh tj m g`bbhrhct ejghetamc tah jch ushg bjr tah `cput bìh#

Ñ Eièo JO tj rhturc tj tah Jpt`jcs fhcu#






Ñ Uhihet Cj Ihtthrkjx #

Ñ [hg Kjjst shihet`jc#

Ñ Mgg Nrm`c shihet`jc#

Ñ Ei`eo tah Utmrt kuttjc tj khn`c prjehss`cn#

âhc ^ìi Pju Chhg \rjnrhss`vh:

Wah AR[&R= emc sajjt kjta `cthrimeh&semc mcg prjnrhss`vh&semc v`ghj#Uajjt`cn prjnrhss`vh&semc n`vhs yju v`ghj w`ta ’fjt`jc dugghr#‖ @b

ta`s `s tah ijjo yju wmct yju wìi wmct tj sajjt us`cn prjnrhss`vh&semc# Ajwhvhr tahrh mrh twj jtahr s`tumt`jcs wahc yju wìi wmct tjwjro w`ta prjnrhss`vh&semc v`ghj4

=# âhc yju chhg tj hg`t us`cn m prjnrhss`vh t`fhi`ch4

Ñ Bjr tah khst pjss`kih sphe`mi hbbhets#

Ñ âhc yju wìi empturh fmcy stìi brmfhs brjf tah t`fhi`ch#

Ñ Wj f`x 8>2`8<*;8p w`ta =<1<`8<*;8p v`ghj#

Ñ Wj f`x >;<p;8 w`ta =<1<`8<*;8p#Ñ Wj f`x ;8bps bìf w`ta =<1<`8<*;8p v`ghj#

Ñ Wj f`x >;<p5< w`ta =<1<`2<*5<p#

Ñ Wj f`x 71<`2<*;7p v`ghj w`ta =<1<`2<*;7p v`ghj#

Ñ Wj f`x >;<p;7 v`ghj w`ta =<1<`2<*;7p v`ghj#

Ñ Wj f`x ;7bps !;5#01bps) bìf w`ta =<1<`2<*;7p v`ghj#

;# Pju chhg tj erhmth m prjnrhss`vh fjv`h4

Ñ Wj erhmth m prjnrhss`vh GRG#

Ñ Wj erhmth m prjnrhss`vh strhmf#

Ñ Wj erhmth m prjnrhss`vh AG fjv`h tj pimy brjf m ejfputhr#

Ñ Wj erhmth m ;7p Kiu&rmy GRG#

Ñ Wj erhmth m ;8p Kiu&rmy GRG#

Ñ Wj erhmth m ;7p AG GRG#

Ñ Wj erhmth m ;8p AG GRG !;8p cjt yht suppjrthg ky Wjsa`km)#

Ñ Wj trmcsbhr m ;7p v`ghj prjguet`jc tj bìf#

Ñ Wj trmcsbhr m ;8p v`ghj prjguet`jc tj bìf#

Ñ Wj erhmth m >;<p;7 jr >;<p;8 fjv`h bjr MppihWR

Wj jktm`c m prjnrhss`vh fjv`h yju emc h`tahr hg`t us`cn prjnrhss`vhshquhcehs !shh Hg`t \rjnrhss`vh R`ghj) jr ejcvhrt mc `cthrimeht`fhi`ch tj prjnrhss`vh v`ghj mbthr yjur prjguet`jc ams khhc hg`thg!shh Erhmth \rjnrhss`vh Fjv`hs)# Kjta jpt`jcs mrh ejvhrhg `c ta`sEampthr#

Hg`t \rjnrhss`vh R`ghj

âhc yju wmct tj hg`t w`ta m prjnrhss`vh t`fhi`ch yju sajuig sajjtprjnrhss`vh&semc v`ghj !=<1<`8<*;8p =<1<`2<*5<p jr =<1<`2<*;7p)#âhc yju gj yju iòhiy mssufh yju emc s`fpiy grjp yjur ’prjnrhss`vh‖ ei`ps `ctj m prjnrhss`vh t`fhi`ch# Emc yju: Phs‗mcg cj#

=<1<`8<*;8p

Pju sajuig kh mkih tj grjp =<1<`8<*;8p ei`ps `ctj m =<1<p;8 t`fhi`ch#Ajwhvhr `b yjur CIH gjhs cjt miijw ta`s‗yju emc hg`t `c mc `cthrimeh

t`fhi`ch w`ta hxehiihct rhsuits khemush tahrh mrh cj `cthrimeh mrt`bmets`c =<1<`8<*;8p#

=<1<`2<*5<p

Pju sajuig kh mkih tj grjp =<1<`2<*5<p ei`ps `ctj m =<1<p5< t`fhi`ch#Ajwhvhr `b yjur CIH gjhs cjt miijw ta`s‗yju emc hg`t `c mc `cthrimeht`fhi`ch w`ta hxehiihct rhsuits khemush tahrh mrh cj `cthrimeh mrt`bmets`c =<1<`2<*5<p#

=<1<`2<*;7p

Wah ;&5 puiigjwc fust kh rhfjvhg khbjrh =<1<`2<*;7p emc kh hg`thg`c m ;7p t`fhi`ch# Rhnms >h*1 suppjrts rhvhrsh ;&5 puiigjwc w`tacmt`vh AGR# HG@XU \rj 7#8 suppjrts ;7p t`fhi`chs ky rhfjv`cnpuiigjwc gur`cn AGR empturh ’w`ta ejcvhrs`jc tj tah Emcjpus A]`cthrfhg`mth ejghe#‖ !Cmt`vh AGR =<1<`2<*;7p hg`t`cn `s cjt eurrhctiysuppjrthg ky HG@XU#) E`chBjrf‐s Msphet AG pmeomnhs suppjrt rhvhrsh;&5 puiigjwc gur`cn empturh# Msphet AG emc kh ushg w`ta \rhf`hrh \rjEU5 ucghr ^`cgjws#

Xcbjrtucmthiy jtahr CIHs emccjt phrbjrf rhvhrsh ;&5 puiigjwc# Wahsh`ceiugh BE\ 8#=#7 Mv`g Fhg`m Ejfpjshr ;#> Mv`g Hxprhss \rj AG 8#>

Mv`g I`qu`g >#; mcg \rhf`hrh \rj EU5# Ajwhvhr `t `s pjss`kih tjrhfjvh puiigjwc brjf AGR bìhs# !Uhh ;&5 \uiigjwc [hfjvmi XcghrJU Q khijw#)






Erhmth \rjnrhss`vh Fjv`hs

@b yju mrh ucmkih tj wjro w`ta prjnrhss`vh t`fhi`chs‗yju fust h`tahrhxpjrt ms prjnrhss`vh fjv`h jr hxpjrt mc `cthrimeh fjv`h mcg tahcejcvhrt `t tj m prjnrhss`vh fjv`h#

Mvj`g serjii`cn t`tihs#

@b yjur `cthrimeh shquhceh ejctm`cs ;7p v`ghj w`ta ;&5 puiigjwc tahcyju chhg tj kh mwmrh tamt tahrh mrh `ssuhs wahc yju ejcvhrt tahshquhceh tj prjnrhss`vh# Uhh ;7p ;&5 \uiigjwc Emut`jcs khijw#

Hxpjrt m \rjnrhss`vh Fjv`h

Wa`s `s tah khst jpt`jc khemush yjur CIH gjhs mii tah wjro#

Hxpjrt mc @cthrimeh Fjv`hXsh ta`s jpt`jc `b yjur CIH emccjt hxpjrt m prjnrhss`vh fjv`h# Mbthrhxpjrt`cn mc `cthrimeh bìh tj g`so yju emc shcg tah g`so w`ta yjurfjv`h tj m bìf imk wahrh tahy wìi gh`cthrimeh tah v`ghj# !Uhh \jst&hg`t Gh`cthrimeh khijw#)

Gj cjt hxpjrt us`cn F\HN&; F\HN&7 jr MRE# Pjusajuig ush 74;4; ucejfprhsshg jr m a`na&qumi`ty !ijssihss)74;4; `cthrfhg`mth ejghe#

^jro`cn w`ta =<1<`8<*;8p mcg =<1<`8<*5<p R`ghj

Uajjt`cn ;8p

[hn`jc 8< R=‐s rhejrg fjrh vhrtèmi mi`ms`cn tamc gj [hn`jc 2< uc`ts#Wa`s mi`ms`cn fmy kh shhc ms nrhmthr ’gmce`cn gjt‖ cj`sh mcg ’kmrkhrpjih‖ mrt`bmets# !Uhh Eampthr 7#) Mijcn w`ta mi`ms`cn [hn`jc 8< uc`tsfmy misj sajw i`ch&tw`tthr jc vhrtèmiiy fjv`cn hgnhs mcg ta`c i`chs#Ujcy rhejffhcgs turc`cn gjwc Uamrpchss tj ’5‖ `b tahsh mrt`bmets mrhjkdhet`jcmkih# Gj`cn sj wìi rhgueh vhrtèmi ghtmì tahrhky s`nc`bèmctiyrhgue`cn mi`ms`cn mcg tw`tthr# Wahrh wìi ajwhvhr misj kh m ijss jb ajr`zjctmi ghtmì mt ’5‖ khemush tah Uamrpchss ejctrji rhguehs kjta vhrtèmi mcg ajr`zjctmi ghtmì#

Jch sjiut`jc `s tj sajjt ;8p w`ta Uamrpchss sht tj ’8‖ jr ’2‖ mcg tahcmppiy m Bièohr bìthr jr Nmuss`mc Kiur !vhrtèmi&jciy) `c pjst tj rhguehjciy vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc tahrhky rhgue`cn mi`ms`cn mcg tw`tthr#

Hg`t`cn ;8p

Wj hg`t mt ;8p yjur CIH sajuig kh mkih tj4

Ñ Empturh tah R=H‐s =<1<`8<*;8p cmt`vh AGR jr empturh mcg ejcvhrttah R=H‐s =<1<`8<*;8p AGR tj m =<1<p;8 `cthrfhg`mth ejghe#

Ñ Erhmth m =<1<p;8 AGR jr `cthrfhg`mth ejghe Uhquhceh#

Wj jutput m =<1<p;8 fjv`h yju amvh twj jpt`jcs4

=# Jutput m =<1<p;8 shquhceh4

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;8 Uhquhceh tj \MI4 v`ghjtmph F\HN&;RE&= jr MRE#

Ñ Hxpjrt tah =<1<p;8 Uhquhceh ms m bìh4 F\HN&; RE&= jr MRE#Wahsh bìhs emc kh pimyhg jc ejfputhrs us`cn mppièmt`jcs sueams RIE# !Kh surh tj pimy w`ta gh`cthrime`cn G@UMKIHG#)

Ñ Hxpjrt tah =<1<p;8 Uhquhceh bjr kurc`cn tj mc AG GRG jr Kiu&rmy g`se#

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;8 Uhquhceh tj =<1<`8< bjr kurc`cn tj mc AGGRG jr Kiu&rmy g`se#

Ñ Hxpjrt tah =<1<p;8 Uhquhceh mcg semih tj >;<p;8 bjr MppihWR#

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;8 Uhquhceh tj =<1<`8< AGR bjr m \r`ct&tj&Wmph kmeo tj m R=H jr BQ>H# !Pju emccjt rhejrg =<1<p;8#)

;# Ejcvhrt tah Uhquhceh tj =<1<p;7 !mssuf`cn yjur CIH emc gj sj)#Uhh Brmfh&rmth Ejcvhrs`jcs khijw# Wahc4

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;7 Uhquhceh tj CWUE4 v`ghjtmph F\HN&;RE&= jr MRE# Wa`s rhqu`rhs yjur CIH tj kh mkih tj mgg ;&5puiigjwc#

Ñ Hxpjrt tah =<1<p;7 Uhquhceh tj mc AG bìh4 F\HN&; RE&= jrMRE# Wahsh bìhs emc kh pimyhg jc ejfputhrs us`cn mppièmt`jcssuea ms RIE#



Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;7 Uhquhceh tj =<1<`2< AGR bjr m \r`ct&tj&Wmph kmeo tj m R=X# Wa`s rhqu`rhs yjur CIH tj kh mkih tj mgg ;&5puiigjwc tj jktm`c =<1<`2< v`ghj#

@b yju chhg tj rh&empturh tah AGR tmph bjr ush `c m ;7pt`fhi`ch yjur CIH fust mgg tah mpprjpr`mth F\HN&; bimns

tj jutput =<1<`2<*;7p#

Khemush CIH mppièmt`jcs mrh ejcstmctiy kh`cn upgmthg yju chhg tjohhp trmeo jb wamt empmkì`t`hs mrh mvmìmkih bjr hg`t`cn ;8p# Iòhw`shAG GRG mcg Kiu&rmy pimyhrs mrh `c m chmr ejct`cujus upnrmgh prjehssv`m b`rfwmrh#

Hg`t`cn 5<p

Wj hg`t mt 5<p yjur CIH sajuig kh mkih tj4

Ñ Empturh tah R=X‐s =<1<`2<*5<p cmt`vh AGR jr empturh mcg ejcvhrttah R=X‐s =<1<`2<*5<p AGR tj m =<1<p5< `cthrfhg`mth ejghe#

Ñ Erhmth m =<1<p5< AGR jr `cthrfhg`mth ejghe Uhquhceh#

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p5< Uhquhceh tj CWUE4 v`ghjtmph F\HN&; RE&=jr MRE#

Ñ Hxpjrt tah =<1<p5< Uhquhceh ms m bìh4 F\HN&; RE&= jr MRE#Wahsh bìhs emc kh pimyhg jc ejfputhrs us`cn mppièmt`jcs suea msRIE# !Kh surh tj pimy w`ta gh`cthrime`cn G@UMKIHG#)

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p5< Uhquhceh tj =<1<`2< bjr kurc`cn tj mc AGGRG jr Kiu&rmy g`se#

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p5< Uhquhceh tj =<1<`2< AGR bjr m \r`ct&tj&Wmphkmeo tj m R=X jr BQ>X# !Pju emccjt rhejrg =<1<p5<#)

Pju emccjt pimy 5<p v`ghj jc mc MppihWR#

^jro`cn w`ta =<1<`2<*;7p R`ghj

Mitajuna wh jbthc tmio mkjut ;7bps v`ghj‗v`ghj ams chvhr khhc;7bps# @t ams khhc emrr`hg ’w`ta`c‖ 2<` !71<` jr =<1<`) jr >;<p2<

v`ghj#

5&; \uiigjwc

Kmeo `c tah imth 7<‐s wahc =2ff mcg 58ff bìf wms thihv`shg mWhihe`ch wms hfpijyhg# Wa`s fmea`ch wms hsshct`miiy m tarhh&wmyf`rrjr tamt rhbihethg tah jutput jb jch bìf prjdhetjr mcg twj si`ghprjdhetjrs `ctj tah ihcs jb m WR emfhrm# Mii tah stmt`jc‐s nrmpaès whrhjc 58ff si`ghs# Ky us`cn mithrcmth si`gh prjdhetjrs m shr`hs jb si`ghsejuig kh sfjjtaiy sajwc#

Wah bìf prjdhetjr ahig ejffhre`mis chws bìf mcg fjv`hs# M sphe`misautthr wms ushg tj trmcsimth ;7bps bìf tj 5<bps v`ghj# Wa`sfheamc`sf erhmthg 5&; !54;) puiigjwc ms sajwc `c tah G`mnrmfkhijw#


M&hvhci`chs

M&jggi`chs

K&hvhci`chs

K&jggi`chs

K&hvhci`chs

E&jggi`chs

E&hvhci`chs

G&jggi`chs

G&hvhci`chs

G&jggi`chs

Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg

R`ghj Brmfh=

R`ghj Brmfh;

R`ghj Brmfh5

R`ghj Brmfh7

R`ghj Brmfh8

Khemush ta`s wms ijcn khbjrh CWUE ejijr v`ghj tah prjdhetjr mcgemfhrm rmc mt ;7#< mcg 5<#<bps rhsphet`vhiy# âhc ejijr wms mgghgtah hqu`pfhct rmc mt ;5#0>2bps mcg ;0#0><bps rhsphet`vhiy#

;&5 \uiigjwc

\uiigjwc `s stìi ushg wahc ejcvhrt`cn bìf tj =<1<`2< mcg >;<p2<#Ajwhvhr `t `s bmr fjrh ejffjc tjgmy tj ush mc hqu`vmihct typh jb puiigjwc‗;&5 puiigjwc ms sajwc `c tah G`mnrmfs khijw#


M&jggi`chs

M&hvhci`chs

K&jggi`chs

K&hvhci`chs

K&jggi`chs

E&hvhci`chs

E&jggi`chs

G&hvhci`chs

G&jggi`chs

G&hvhci`chs

Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc Jgg Hvhc

R`ghj Brmfh=

R`ghj Brmfh;

R`ghj Brmfh5

R`ghj Brmfh7

R`ghj Brmfh8

=<1<`2< ;&5 \uiigjwc


Brmfh=

Brmfh;

Brmfh5

Brmfh7

Brmfh8

Brmfh2

Brmfh>

Brmfh1

Brmfh0

Brmfh=<

>;<p2< ;&5 \uiigjwc

Hg`t ;7p ms @cthrimeh jr \rjnrhss`vh

Wahrh mrh twj wmys tj hg`t =<1<`2<*;7p4 us`cn `cthrimeh shquhcehs jrprjnrhss`vh shquhcehs#

@cthrimeh Uhquhcehs

@t `s pjss`kih tj empturh =<1<`2<*;7p mcg hg`t tah ;7p v`ghj `c m=<1<`2< shquhceh# Mitajuna tah R=‐s ’;7‖ fjgh `s ghs`nchg tj kh`cthrimeh hg`thg yju emc misj ush ’;7M#‖

Khbjrh yju tmoh ta`s pmta rhmg ;7p ;&5 \uiigjwc Emut`jcs#

;7p ;&5 \uiigjwc Emut`jcs

@cthrimehg ;7p v`ghj ejcs`sts jb m shr`hs jb b`higs tamt mrh ’dugghr‖ brmfhsmcg ’cjc&dugghr‖ brmfhs# Wahsh b`higs amvh m ;&5 emghceh brjf tah

puiigjwc mppi`hg `c tah R=X#

âhc yju empturh =<1<`2<*;7p v`ghj mcg hg`t `t‗tah ;&5 emghceh ams mvhry a`na prjkmkì`ty jb kh`cn krjohc mt hvhry eut# âhc fjt`jc hbbhets mrhmppi`hg tahy wìi kh emieuimthg jc m b`hig&ky&b`hig kms`s rmtahr tamc ky

brmfh waèa emc fmoh fjt`jc ihss sfjjta# Fjrhjvhr wahc twj jr fjrhei`ps mrh f`xhg tjnhtahr bjr hxmfpih gur`cn m trmcs`t`jc tahrh `s mifjstcj pjss`kì`ty tah`r emghcehs wìi fmtea#

Krjohc mcg f`xhg emghcehs cjt jciy fmy kh v`s`kih tahy wìi erhmth

prjkihfs `c prjnrhss`vh AGWRs# !Ihmrc way `c Mpphcg`x G#) Krjohc mcgf`xhg emghcehs wìi misj kh fjrh g`bbèuit tj gh`cthrimeh w`ta sjbtwmrh#

Ghsp`th tahsh ejcehrcs hg`t`cn mt 2<` `s vhry ejffjc wahc tah rhsuit wìikh v`hwhg ms CWUE# Wahrh mrh twj rhmsjcs way# B`rst krjohc mcg f`xhgemghcehs mrh cjt tamt v`s`kih tj fjst v`hwhrs# Uhejcg thsts `cgèmth tamt

tah vmst fmdjr`ty jb prjnrhss`vh g`spimys emccjt ejrrhetiy shcsh m ;&5emghceh# Waus hvhc wahc tah emghceh `s phrbhet fjc`tjrs gj cjt g`spimyphrbhet ;7p v`ghj#

Ajwhvhr `b yjur tmrnht fjv`hs mrh bjr bìf jr AG gj cjt hg`t =<1<`2<*;7pv`ghj `c `cthrimeh shquhcehs#

\rjnrhss`vh Uhquhcehs

Wj hg`t us`cn prjnrhss`vh shquhcehs yjur CIH sajuig kh mkih tj4

Ñ Empturh tah R=X‐s =<1<`2<*;7p !h`tahr ;7p fjgh) cmt`vh AGR jr empturh mcg ejcvhrt tah R=X‐s =<1<`2<*;7p AGR tj m =<1<p;7`cthrfhg`mth ejghe#

Ñ @b yjur CIH emccjt amcgih =<1<`2<*;7p cmt`vh AGR khbjrh hg`t`cnmii sjureh bìhs fust kh prjehsshg tj rhfjvh puiigjwc# Uhh ;&5

\uiigjwc [hfjvmi Xcghr JU Q khijw#

Xcihss yjur CIH suppjrts rhfjv`cn ;&5 puiigjwc brjf tahR=X‐s =<1<`2<*;7p cmt`vh AGR yju sajuig shr`jusiyejcs`ghr sw`tea`cn tj mc CIH tamt suppjrts =<1<`2<*;7p#

Mbthr hg`t`cn tj jutput m =<1<p;7 fjv`h4

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;7 Uhquhceh tj CWUE4 v`ghjtmph F\HN&;

RE&= jr MRE# Wa`s rhqu`rhs yjur CIH tj kh mkih tj mgg ;&5puiigjwc#

Ñ Hxpjrt tah =<1<p;7 Uhquhceh tj mc AG bìh4 F\HN&; RE&= jrMRE# Wahsh bìhs emc kh pimyhg jc ejfputhrs us`cn mppièmt`jcssuea ms RIE#

Ñ Ejcvhrt tah =<1<p;7 Uhquhceh tj =<1<`2<*;7p AGR bjr m \r`ct&tj&Wmph kmeo tj m R=X# Wa`s rhqu`rhs yjur CIH tj kh mkih tj mgg;&5 puiigjwc tj jktm`c =<1<`2< v`ghj#

@b yju chhg tj rh&empturh tah AGR tmph bjr ush `c m ;7pt`fhi`ch yjur CIH fust mgg tah mpprjpr`mth F\HN&; bimnswahc jutputt`cn =<1<`2<*;7p#

;&5 \uiigjwc [hfjvmi Xcghr JU Q

Pju emc ush ta`s prjehss bjr kjta ’;7‖ mcg ’;7M#‖

\uiigjwc [hfjvmi Mppièmt`jc

DHU Gh`cthrimehr 5#;#; !www#xs7mii#ci*~dhseajt*ajfh#atfi) `s m brhhwmrhJU Q mppièmt`jc tamt emc phrbjrf @cvhrsh Whihe`ch# @cstmii mcg pimehmc mi`ms jc yjur Ghsotjp jr `c yjur BE\ empturh bjighr#

Utmrt tah DHU mppièmt`jc#

Jphc \rhbhrhcehs#Uhihet tah Nhchrmi tmk#

Ñ Bjr fmx`fuf rhi`mkì`ty sht tah Fmx`fuf cufkhr … tj ’=‖ jr ’;#‖

Ñ Uht tah jtahr `thfs ms sajwc khijw ihbt#

Uhihet tah Bìh tmk#






Ñ M ejcvhrs`jc erhmths m chw bìh !’prjd‖) bjr hmea sjureh bìh# @b yjuamvh hcjuna brhh&spmeh jc tah g`so wahrh tah sjureh bjighr `sijemthg eajjsh tah jpt`jc tamt shcgs tah bìh kmeo tj tah smfhbjighr# Jtahrw`sh eajjsh m chw bjighr jc m g`bbhrhct g`so#

Ñ Uht tah jtahr `thfs ms sajwc mkjvh r`nat#

Uhihet tah @cput tmk#

Ñ Ejcb`rf tamt Wjp b`hig b`rst !`c) `s eaheohg#

Ñ Ejcb`rf tamt Nmffm `s ’;#;<#‖

Ñ Ejcb`rf tamt R`ghj rmcnh `s eaheohg#

Ñ Ejcb`rf tamt [hfjvh dmnn`hs `s cjt eaheohg khemush ta`s sphhgs&up tah ejcvhrs`jc#

@b yju shh dmnn`hs jc tah ejcvhrthg v`ghj eaheo tah kjx#

Uhihet tah \rjdhet tmk#

Ñ Uhihet @cvhrsh Whihe`ch#

Ñ Uhihet Utmcgmrg !jutput bìf)#

Ñ Uhihet Jutput brmfh rmth ;5#0>2#

DHU b`rst semcs tarjuna tah bìh ijjo`cn bjr m ;&5 emghceh# Xs`cn tah`cbjrfmt`jc brjf ta`s pmss DHU ghthrf`chs wahrh tah b`rst M brmfh `sijemthg# Wahc DHU ejp`hs tah hct`rh bìh‐s \EF mug`j tj m thfpjrmrybìh#

DHU cjw mithrs tah v`ghj bìh tj rhfjvh ;&5 puiigjwc‗ihmv`cn tah bìh;<&phrehct sfmiihr# Wah thfpjrmry mug`j bìh `s tahc ejfk`chg w`tatah v`ghj#

Wa`s prjehss fmy ihmvh m =&shejcg nmp mt tah stmrt jb tah bìh waèawìi mpphmr ms ’nrhhc‖ v`ghj#

Uht tah Fmro&`c tj tah b`rst cjc&nrhhc brmfh#

Uhihet tah Jutput tmk#

Ñ Ejcb`rf tamt prjnrhss`vh !jut) `s eaheohg#

Ñ Uijwiy eièo twèh jc Hxpjrt4 ]uèoW`fh Fjv`h#

Ñ Eièo tah Uhtt`cns… kuttjc mcg shihet tah ’AGR =<1<p;7‖ jr ’\rj[hs 7;;‖ ejghe#

Ñ Eièo JO#

Ñ Eièo tah U`zh… kuttjc mcg ejcb`rf tah Brmfh s`zh `s AG =77<x =<1< =240#

Ñ Ejcb`rf Gh`cthrimeh Ujureh R`ghj#

Ñ Eièo JO#

Ñ Eièo JO#

Cjw yju emc qu`t DHU# Mii shtt`cns sajuig kh rhfhfkhrhg#






\rjehss Empturhg AGR Ei`ps

Grmn empturhg AGR !jr \rj[hs 7;;) bìhs jctj tah DHU Gh`cthrimehrèjc#

DHU wìi jphc mcg sjjc m \rjdhet ]uhuh w`cgjw wìi jphc sajw`cn mii

tah bìhs tj kh prjehsshg#

Ms hmea bìh `s ejcvhrthg yju emc wmtea `ts prjnrhss#

\jst \uiigjwc [hfjvmi

âhc yjur ei`ps amvh khhc prjehsshg yju mrh rhmgy tj ush tahf `cBE\ 8#=#7#

Ñ Bjr BE\ tj erhmth m chw AGR shquhceh4✗ Xsh tah AGR =<1<&2<` Uhquhceh \rhsht#

✗ Uht B`hig Gjf`cmceh 6 CJCH#

✗ Uht m Brmfh&rmth jb ;5#01bps#

✗ Uhihet tah ’AGR =<1<p;7‖ ejghe#

JU Q \jst&hg`t Gh`cthrimehMbthr hg`t`cn hxpjrt mc `cthrimehg =<1<`8< jr =<1<`2< ]uèoW`fhfjv`h#

Pju sajuig cjt hxpjrt tj AGR jr M@E# Pju emc ush Mppih‐s \rj[hs 7;;ejghe jr eajjsh jch jb Mppih‐s ucejfprhsshg ejghes# @b yju ush Mppih‐s=<&k`t 74;4; ucejfprhsshg ejghe yju wìi chhg 158NKs jb stjrmnh bjr m0<&f`cuth fjv`h# Wj grjp yjur stjrmnh rhqu`rhfhcts tj 2;8NKs yju emcush Mppih‐s 1&k`t 74;4; ucejfprhsshg ejghe# Khemush tah fjv`h wìi cjt

kh ’pimyhg‖ brjf tah g`so‗m [M@G `s cjt chehssmry#

Jceh yjur fjv`h ams khhc hxpjrthg gh`cthrimeh `t mcg shcg `t jc g`sotj tah bìf imk# Wah gh`cthrimehg fjv`h wìi cmturmiiy kh sfmiihr# Bjrhxmfpih 158NKs mcg 2;8NKs wìi grjp tj 2><NKs mcg 8<<NKsrhsphet`vhiy#

Gh`cthrime`cn 2<` v`ghj `s cjt mgg`cn ;&5 puiigjwc# Gh`cthrime`cn`cvjivhs fmc`puimt`cn b`higs `ceiug`cn tah kihcg`cn jb b`higs# Mitajunatah rhsuit `s ;7bps tah ijjo `s si`natiy g`bbhrhct tamc bìf# Mt eut&pj`ctstahrh fmy kh =&brmfh g`ssjivhs#

Pju sajuig gjwcijmg tah ghfj vhrs`jc jb GRBìf Fmohr mcg try m ejcvhrs`jc tj shh `b tah qumi`ty fhhts yjur chhgs#

Gjwcijmg R;#7 !^`cgjws) jr R;#=; !JU Q) GRBìf Fmohr Xtì`ty mt www#gvbìf#ejf mcg `cstmii# !Wah JU Q vhrs`jc `s ejvhrhg ahrh#)

Ejcvhrt =<1<`2< tj ;7bps

@c GRBìf Fmohr ush Bìh 3 Jphc…

tj shihet m bìh# !Pju fmy chhg tjshihet ’Mii Bìhs#‖)

Xsh \rjehss 3 R`hw Jpt`jcs… tj jktm`c tah Jpt`jcs fhcu# Eièo tah Mgvmcehg Uhtt`cns kuttjc#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sht tah mfjuct jb [hg Kjjst ghs`rhg#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sht tah mfjuct jb Nrm`c tj mgg#

Ñ Wurc&jc tah PXR \rjehss jpt`jc#






Ñ Ei`eo Cj Ihtthrkjx #

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy shihet [hg Kjjst#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy shihet Mgg Nrm`c#

Ñ Ei`eo tah ;7\ Hg`t`cn Jpt`jcs kuttjc#

Ñ Uhihet Ejcvhrt 2<` tj ;7\ kuttjc

Ñ Eaheo Jutput ;5#0>2 Hxmet #


Eièo tah Utmrt kuttjc# Wah ejcthcts jb tah fjv`h bìh wìi kh ejcvhrthgtj =<1<p;5#01 v`ghj#

Ejcvhrt =<1<`8< tj ;8bps

Gh`cthrime`cn 8<` v`ghj `s vhry s`fpih# Hmea pm`r jb b`higs `c ejcvhrthgtj jch brmfh#

@c GRBìf Fmohr ush Bìh 3 Jphc… tj shihet m bìh# !Pju fmy chhg tjshihet ’Mii Bìhs#‖)

Xsh \rjehss 3 R`hw Jpt`jcs… tj jktm`c tah Jpt`jcs fhcu# Eièo tah Mgvmcehg Jpt`jcs kuttjc#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sht tah mfjuct jb [hg Kjjst ghs`rhg#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy sht tah mfjuct jb Nrm`c tj mgg#

Ñ Wurc&jc tah PXR \rjehss jpt`jc#

Ñ Uhihet Cj Ihtthrkjx #

Ñ Eaheo Gh`cthrimeh wahrh fjt`jc `s prhshct #

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy shihet [hg Kjjst#

Ñ Jpt`jcmiiy shihet Mgg Nrm`c#

Ñ Eièo tah Utmrt kuttjc# Wah ejcthcts jb yjur fjv`h bìh wìi khejcvhrthg tj =<1<p;8 v`ghj#

AG Fjv`h Ejghes

Jkv`jusiy F\HN&; `s s`fpihst ejghe tj ush bjr AG fjv`hs tamt emc khpimyhg brjf m ejfputhr# Ajwhvhr kjta RE&= mcg MRE mrh bmr fjrhk`t&hbbè`hct# Wa`s hbbè`hcey rhguehs stjrmnh rhqu`rhfhcts kut gjhsrhqu`rh m fjrh pjwhrbui ejfputhr kjta gur`cn pimykmeo mcg jb ejursh gur`cn tah hcejgh prjehss#

^`cgjws Fhg`m 0 !RE&=)

Fèrjsjbt ghvhijphg ^`cgjws Fhg`m 0 ms m prjpr`htmry vhry k`t&hbbè`hct ejghe bjr kjta mug`j UG v`ghj mcg AG v`ghj# Wah AG vhrs`jcams prjvhg tj prjv`gh vhry a`na qumi`ty v`ghj mt mkjut 2Fkps tj1Fkps# @c sajrt AG mt UG gmtm rmths#

Fjst fjghrc \Es emc pimy >;;<) AG v`ghj# \Es tamt mrhfjrh pjwhrbui emc pimy =<1;21 serhhc rhsjiut`jc

=2&k`t sjucg emrg

Uthrhj sphmohr systhf

Ejcb`nurmt`jc !bjr =<1<p v`ghj w`ta 8#= Uurrjucg Ujucg)

5#< NAz prjehssjr jr hqu`vmihct

8=; FK jb [MF

=;1 FK v`ghj emrg

=0;< x =77< serhhc rhsjiut`jc

;7&k`t 02 oAz fuitèamcchi sjucg emrg

8#= surrjucg sjucg sphmohr systhf

Fèrjsjbt ams rhihmshg m ^F0 \imyhr bjr JU Q# Xcbjrtucmthiy? `t `sushihss bjr pimy`cn AG v`ghj# Wamcobuiiy Bi`p7Fme!www#bi`p7fme#ejf) ams rhihmshg mc JU Q pmeomnh w`ta twj`fpjrtmct ejfpjchcts# Wah b`rst `s m a`na&qumi`ty ^F0 pimyhr# Wa`shcmkihs yju tj sueehssbuiiy pimy ^F0 AG hcejghg v`ghj# Wah ^FR\imyhr `s m piun&`c tj Mppih‐s ]uèoW`fh pimyhr#

UF\WH ams cjw mpprjvhg tah RE&= ejghe# Kjta tah Kiu&rmy !KG) mcgAG&GRG bjrfmts suppjrt tah RE&= ejghe# RE&= `s fjst ushg `c tahXUM bjr Ajiiywjjg rhihmshs#






F\HN&7 A#;27

F\HN&7 A#;27 !MRE) `s F\HN&; jc sthrj`gs# Iòh ^F0 `t `s m vhry k`t&hbbè`hct ejghe# Bjr fjrh ghtmìhg `cbjrfmt`jc rhmg tah F\HN&7 A#;27!MRE) s`ghkmr#

Khn`cc`cn w`ta ]uèoW`fh > Fme ushrs emc hcejgh ;7bps AG fjv`hsus`cn ijw gmtm&rmths# Ijw hcjuna tj rhejrg tj m stmcgmrg GRG#Cmturmiiy tah ]uèoW`fh pimyhr emc pimy tahsh fjv`hs kmeo jc yjurFme#

Kjta tah Kiu&rmy mcg AG&GRG bjrfmts suppjrt tah MRE ejghe# MRE `sfjst ushg `c tah Dmpmc bjr fjv`h rhihmshs# âìh MRE `s `ghmi bjrkurc`cn yjur jwc prjguet`jcs tj KG jr AG GRG g`ses suppjrt bjr ta`s`s `c `ts vhry hmriy stmnhs#

F\HN&7 A#;27*MRE

A#;27 khchb`ts brjf `cerhmshg prhe`s`jc `c fjt`jc hst`fmt`jc waèa `s tahohy prjehss jb rhgue`cn rhgucgmct gmtm merjss m shr`hs jb brmfhs# Kyhxprhss`cn `cbjrfmt`jc tj =*7&p`xhi rhsjiut`jc ms jppjshg tj =*;&p`xhirhsjiut`jc ms gj fjst jtahr ejghes A#;27 rhprhshcts kjta bmst& mcg sijwfjv`cn sehchs fjrh prhe`shiy# Waus jkdhets `c fjt`jc mrh fjrh er`spiyrhejcstruethg gur`cn ghejgh prjv`g`cn m khtthr rhprhshctmt`jc jb tahsjureh fmthr`mi#

Gur`cn fjt`jc hst`fmt`jc jtahr ejghes prjehss brmfhs mt tah fmerjkijeo

ihvhi !=2 p`xhis ky =2 p`xhis)# A#;27 emc prjehss shnfhcts w`ta`c mfmerjkijeo tamt emc rmcnh `c s`zh brjf tah =2x=2 tj 7x7 waèa ahipshcejgh ejfpihx fjt`jc `c mrhms jb a`na ghtmì#

A#;27 nm`cs fuea jb `ts hbbè`hcey ky s`fpi`by`cn rhgucgmct gmtm w`ta`c ms`cnih brmfh us`cn m theac`quh emiihg `ctrmbrmfh prhgèt`jc# Wah A#;27hcejghr ams fjrh wmys tj rhbhrhceh ch`nakjr`cn p`xhis sj `t ejfprhsshsghtmìs mcg nrmg`hcts khtthr tamc prhv`jus ejghes# @ctrmbrmfh prhgèt`jc `shsphe`miiy khchbè`mi `c a`na&fjt`jc mrhms#

A#;27 hcejg`cn `s kmshg jc tah ejcehpt jb ghser`k`cn m n`vhc brmfh us`cn

gmtm brjf jtahr brmfhs `c tah pmst mcg tah buturh# M K&brmfh brmfhghphcgs jc gmtm brjf tah imst brmfh mcg*jr tah chxt brmfh# Waus m K&brmfh emc rhbhr jciy tj tah brmfh `ffhg`mthiy khbjrh jr `ffhg`mthiy mbthrtah K&brmfh# Xs`cn A#;27 hcejg`cn m K&brmfh emc rhbhr tj mc hct`rh nrjup

jb brmfhs‗h`tahr pmst jr buturh#

Fjrhjvhr‗mc A#;27 K&brmfh emc kh ushg tj ghser`kh mcjtahr brmfh taus`t emc misj kh m rhbhrhceh brmfh# Khemush A#;27 ushs gmtm brjf fmcyfjrh brmfhs `t ghi`vhrs m fjrh meeurmth rhprhshctmt`jc jb tah sjurehfmthr`mi mt m fuea ijwhr gmtm rmth# @c bmet MRE emc emrry AG mt mkjut 0&tj =<&Fkps#

A#;27 misj bhmturhs m ghkijeo`cn bìthr waèa jphrmths jc 7x7 kijeokjucgmr`hs tj rhfjvh dmnnhg kijeo`cn mrt`bmets# @c mgg`t`jc tj fmo`cnsfjjtahr `fmnhs bjr g`spimy tah bìthr `s ushg gur`cn tah hcejg`cn prjehsstj prjv`gh m fjrh ejahrhct rhbhrhceh pèturh bjr sukshquhct brmfhswaèa misj ahips tj `fprjvh `fmnh qumi`ty# Wa`s mgvmcehg bìthr theacjijnyhbbhet`vhiy hi`f`cmths kijeo`cn mrt`bmets rhsuit`cn `c m sfjjta eihmcpèturh#

@c sajrt cjt jciy `s F\HN&7 A#;27 fjrh hbbè`hct `t jbbhrs bmr a`nahrqumi`ty tamc emc F\HN&;# Cjth4 A#;27 ghejghrs wìi pimy F\HN&;#

A#;27 hfpijys MME mug`j tamt prjv`ghs fuea fjrh hbbè`hct ejfprhss`jctamc jighr bjrfmts iòh F\5# @c bmet `t ghi`vhrs qumi`ty r`vmi`cn tamt jbucejfprhsshg EG mug`j# MEE tmohs mgvmctmnh jb tah fmcy mgvmcehs `cphrehptumi mug`j ejg`cn mcg ejfprhss`jc mea`hvhg s`ceh tahghvhijpfhct jb F\; mcg F\5# MEE suppjrts up tj 71 buii&brhquhceyeamcchis w`ta smfpi`cn rmths up tj 02oAz#

\rjbìhs mcg ihvhis

Wah A#;27 stmcgmrg ghb`chs m sht jb \rjbìhs mcg Ihvhis tj sht pj`cts jbejcbjrfmceh# \rjbìhs ejcs`st jb Kmshi`ch Fm`c Hxthcghg A`na A`na =<

A`na 74;4; mcg A`na 74747#

Hxpjrt A#;27*MRE tj MppihWR

MppihWR ushs Fm`c prjbìh w`ta m fmx`fuf rhsjiut`jc jb =;1<x>;<jphrmt`cn mt h`tahr ;7p jr ;8p w`ta up tj m 7#1Fkps gmtm&rmth# Xsh Mppih‐sEjfprhssjr bjr hcejg`cn# Gj cjt hcejgh us`cn ]uèoW`fh#

✗ =<1<p;7 prjguet`jcs emc kh ushg w`tajut ejcvhrs`jc

✗ =<1<p;8 prjguet`jcs emc kh ushg w`tajut ejcvhrs`jc

✗ =<1<`8< prjguet`jcs fust kh ejcvhrthg tj =<1<p;8# U`fpiy ushEjfprhssjr w`ta m ;8p Brmfh&rmth#

✗ =<1<`2< prjguet`jcs fust kh ejcvhrthg tj =<1<p;7# Brjf BE\ hxpjrt=<1<`2< us`cn GRE\[J AG mcg tahc ush GRBìf Fmohr !shh Ejcvhrt

=<1<`2< tj ;7bps mkjvh)# @fpjrt tah GRE\[J AG bìh kmeo `ctj BE\mcg Ejfprhss# Wah fjv`h wìi amvh ;7bps fjt`jc dugghr#

MppihWR ushs MEE mt up tj =0;okps phr eamcchi wahc sthrhj mug`j `s

hfpijyhg# Wah smfpi`cn rmth emc kh h`tahr 77#=oAz jr 71oAz# Xsh tah

jch tamt fmteahs yjur prjguet`jc#

Brmfh&rmth Ejcvhrs`jcs

Bjr tajsh jb waj mrh ushg tj wjro`cn w`ta jciy CWUE jr \MI brmfh&rmths4 ;8bps mcg ;0#0>bps‗tah rmcnh jb rmths hfpijyhg wahc wjro`cnw`ta bìf fmy kh `c`t`miiy ejcbus`cn# Wamcobuiiy hxmetiy tah jppjs`th `struh# Xpjc jrnmc`z`cn mii tahsh g`spmrmth brmfh&rmths wh shh tarhheihmr pmtthrcs hfhrnh‗ms sajwc `c tah Wmkih khijw#

WmrnhtBìf [mth

[mthG`bbhrhcehbrjf ;7bps

R`ghjBrmfh[mth

R`ghjBjrfmt

Cjf`cmi[mth

Uemcc`cnWyph

Bjrfmt

;5#01bps & <#=(

;5#01 ;7bps prjnrhss`vh Rmrèmf >; 5<bps prjnrhss`vh DRE4 AGR >;<p5 5<bps prjnrhss`vh DRE \rjAG >;<p5<

80#07 2<bps prjnrhss`vh Rmrèmf >;;;<p2<

2<#<< 5<bps `cthrimeh AGEMF =<1<`2<

;8#<<bps /7#;(;8#<< ;8bps prjnrhss`vh Rmrèmf >;<p ;7bp;8#<< ;8bps prjnrhss`vh DRE4 \rjAG ;8bps

8<#<< 8<bps `cthrimeh AGEMF =<1<`8<

Ñ Wah tarhh emthnjr`hs `ceiugh m tmrnht rmth jb ;7bps mcg twj jtahrjpt`jcs‗jch si`natiy sijwhr mcg jch a`nahr# Wah ijwhr ;5#0>2bps

rmth `s <#=&phrehct sijwhr tamc ;7bps# Wah a`nahr ;8bps rmth `s7&phrehct bmsthr#

Ñ Warhh bìf brmfh&rmths mrh prhshcthg `c tah Wmkih4 ;5#01bps ;7bpsmcg ;8bps#

Ñ Wah b`rst brmet`jc !―<#=() `s bmfì`mr tj mii jb us `c CWUE imcgkhemush `t rhprhshcts ajw fuea 5<bps v`ghj wms sijwhg tj hcmkihejijr `cbjrfmt`jc tj kh ejfpmt`kiy emrr`hg w`ta m fjcjearjfhpèturh# @t `s misj tah g`bbhrhceh `c prjnrmf gurmt`jcs khtwhhc grjp&brmfh mcg cjc&grjp&brmfh t`fhejgh#

Ñ Wah shejcg brmet`jc !/7#;() wìi kh bmfì`mr tj tajsh waj ush \MIhqu`pfhct ms `t `s tah g`bbhrhceh khtwhhc tah brmfh rmth bjr \MIv`ghj mcg tah [hn`jc 8< bìf brmfh&rmth#

âhc mbthr tah trmcsbhr brjf v`ghj tj bìf wh prjdhet tah bìf mt;7bps jciy tah ejcvhrs`jc gjch w`ta m tmrnht rmth jb ;7#<< wìi khphrbhet# Mug`j wìi pimy `c phrbhet syce mcg mt tah ejrrhet p`tea#Wrmcsbhrs w`ta m tmrnht rmth jb ;5#01 wìi kh v`sumiiy phrbhet# Rjèhsmcg sjucg hbbhets wìi misj sjucg b`ch# Fjrhjvhr fjst `c tah mug`hcehwìi cjt kh mkih tj ghthet tah vhry si`natiy a`nahr p`tea jc fusè# Jb ejursh tah bìf wìi ruc <#=&phrehct sajrthr tamc hxphethg‗waèa `shmsy tj ejfphcsmth bjr gur`cn tah hg`t wahc yju ocjw `t `s nj`cn tjampphc#

âhc ajwhvhr wh prjdhet tah bìf mt ;7bps mbthr m ejcvhrs`jc w`ta m

tmrnht rmth jb ;8#<<‗cjt mii wìi kh whii# Wah bìf wìi ruc 7&phrehctijcnhr tamc hxphethg‗mnm`c hmsy tj ejfphcsmth bjr gur`cn tah hg`t#Wah jr`n`cmi sjucgtrmeo wìi pimy mt tah ejrrhet p`tea kut 7&phrehctbmsthr tamc tah v`sumis#

Wah sjiut`jc `s ejfpihx# Wah jr`n`cmi sjucgtrmeo emccjt khemush `trucs 7&phrehct bmsthr tamc tah v`sumis kh ushg w`tajut ejfpihxprjehss`cn# G`mijn mcg sjucg hbbhets emc kh sijwhg ky 7&phrehct mcgtahc p`tea ejrrhethg# Fusè ajwhvhr `s m prjkihf# @b yju gj cjt amvhfusè ms m shpmrmth hihfhct yju wìi amvh tj i`vh w`ta tah g`stjrt`jcerhmthg ky tah p`tea rm`s`cn prjehss jc sustm`chg tjchs#

\jst&prjguet`jc bjr Bìf Kjucg \rjdhets

Ms yju hg`t yju chhg tj kh mwmrh tamt tah fmx`fuf gurmt`jc jb hmeabìf rhhi `s ;<#8 f`cuths# Waus yju wìi chhg tj erhmth ’rhhi&eamcnh‖

pj`cts `c yjur v`ghj prjguet`jc# Wahsh pj`cts sajuig kh grmfmtèmiiyijnèmi mcg cjt amv`cn mcy jcnj`cn sjucg# Pju fust misj suppiy m i`stjb t`fhejghs bjr tah rhhi&eamcnh pj`cts tj yjur imk#

@t `s v`tmi yju ejctmet yjur bìf imk tj wjro jut tah ijjo yjur v`ghjsajuig amvh mcg tah ijjo tahy wìi erhmth nj`cn tj bìf# Bjr hxmfpihtah typh jb bìf stjeo tahy wìi ush#

âhc yju amvh b`c`sahg hg`t`cn m ;7bps jr ;8bps prjguet`jc yju wìichhg tj fjvh `t tj m bìf imk# Pju amvh shvhrmi jpt`jcs4 Pju emc rhejrgtah t`fhi`ch tj AG tmph mcg shcg `t tj tah imk#

Mithrcmt`vhiy yju emc shcg m amrg g`so!s) ejctm`c`cn yjur =<1<`8< jr=<1<`2< fjv`h tj GRBìf jr fmcy jtahr v`ghj&tj&bìf imks#

Wrmcsbhr tj Bìf \rjehss

Eurrhct v`ghj&tj&bìf trmcsbhr prjehsshs mrh vhry sjpa`stèmthg#R`ghjtmph ejcthct `s ejp`hg tj amrg g`so# Mithrcmthiy yju emc shcgyjur amrg g`so tj tah trmcsbhr&ajush# Gur`cn m trmcsbhr shvhrmi v`ghj

brmfhs mrh puiihg brjf tah amrg g`so mcg ushg tj emieuimth tah brmfhtamt wìi kh rhejrghg jc bìf# Eurrhct rhejrg`cn theacjijny rhqu`rhs mshejcg jr twj tj hxpjsh hmea bìf brmfh#

Hmea trmcsbhr&ajush ams m prjpr`htmry minjr`taf tj nhchrmth tah tj khrhejrghg brmfh# Wah fjst sjpa`stèmthg minjr`tafs amvh khhcghs`nchg tj amcgih `cthrimeh semcchg v`ghj#

@cthrimehg fmthr`mi ijjos njjg wahc pimyhg khemush hmea b`hig `srhfjvhg brjf m brmfh mcg prhshcthg jc `ts jwc mt m prhshctmt`jc rmthtwèh tah brmfh rmth# Waus yju shh =<1<` v`ghj mt 8<*2< `fmnhs phr

shejcg# Wah hyh `cthnrmths tahsh rmp`giy mpphmr`cn b`higs `ctj sfjjtafjt`jc# Bìf jb ejursh gjhs cjt wjro ta`s wmy# M bìf prjdhetjr‐srmp`giy sp`cc`cn sautthr jciy erhmths m 71Az jr >;Az bimsa`cn tamtrm`shs tah bièohr&bus`jc brhquhcey a`na hcjuna sj fjst bjios shh msthmgy `fmnh# Wah prjdhetjr‐s sautthr gjhs cjt mithr bìf‐s grmfmtèmiiyijwhr ;7bps thfpjrmi rmth#

M trmcsbhr tj bìf rhqu`rhs m smt`sbmetjry sjiut`jc tj tarhh prjkihfs#B`rst mc `cthrimehg brmfh w`ta `ts fjt`jc mrt`bmets sajuig cjt khtrmcsbhrrhg tj bìf# Uhejcg m b`hig‗waèa ams jciy amib m v`ghjbrmfh‐s vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc‗sajuig cjt kh trmcsbhrrhg tj bìf# Wa`rg`cthrimehg v`ghj‐s a`nahr thfpjrmi smfpi`cn fust kh ’rhsmfpihg‖ tj m

ijwhr thfpjrmi rmth#Wah sjiut`jc tj mii tarhh prjkihfs `s tj emieuimth tah pj`cts `c mshquhceh jb v`ghj b`higs wahrh m bìf brmfh chhgs tj kh nhchrmthg#^`ta =<1<`2< bìf brmfhs mrh fmpphg tj 2< b`higs#

Wah fjt`jc jb p`xhis `s mcmiyzhg tj ghthrf`ch tah`r fjvhfhct jvhrt`fh# M p`xhi tamt gjhs cjt fjvh khtwhhc twj b`higs `s pimehg `c `tsprjphr pimeh `c tah brmfh&kubbhr kh`cn nhchrmthg# ^`ta stmtè v`ghj miip`xhis brjf twj b`higs wìi kh ijmghg `ctj tah chw brmfh waèa wìi tausamvh =<1<&i`chs jb rhsjiut`jc#

âhc fjt`jc `s ghthethg tarhh jpt`jcs mrh jphc4 tah p`xhi `c tah hmriyb`hig `s ijmghg `ctj tah kubbhr? tah p`xhi `c tah imtthr bìf `s ijmghg `ctjtah kubbhr? jr twj p`xhis brjf kjta brmfhs mrh kihcghg w`ta tah rhsuitkh`cn ijmghg `ctj tah kubbhr# Wah rhsuit jb ta`s prjehss `s ijwhr vhrtèmirhsjiut`jc bjr jkdhets `c fjt`jc#

Mug`j `s trmcsbhrrhg brjf tah amrg g`so brjf tah v`ghjtmph jr brjf mGMW tmph# Xs`cn m vmr`hty jb theac`quhs tah sjucgtrmeo `s fmrr`hg tjtah bìf kjta bjr prhv`hw v`hw`cns mcg bjr tah b`cmi pr`ct# W`tihs brjftah v`ghj fmy kh ushg jr fmy kh erhmthg jc bìf#

Ajwhvhr tah fjst `fpjrtmct rhejffhcgmt`jc @ emc fmoh `s tj stmrtwjro`cn w`ta wajfhvhr yju pimc wìi gj yjur trmcsbhr‗khbjrh yjustmrt sajjt`cn# Fjrhjvhr ejcsuit w`ta tahf tajuna jut tah prjguet`jc#Gur`cn prjguet`jc mcg pjst&prjguet`jc yju fmy wmct tj sukf`tsmfpihs bjr thst trmcsbhrs# Mii tahsh prjehgurhs mrh ghs`nchg tjprhvhct ejstiy surpr`shs wahc tah er`tèmi t`fh ejfhs bjr yjurprjguet`jc tj kh trmcsbhrrhg tj bìf#

Ajw tj \rjehhg tj BìfPju sajuig kh mwmrh tahrh mrh fmcy jtahr imks tamt wìi trmcsbhr v`ghjtj 58ff bìf# Ujfh mrh imrnh waìh jtahrs mrh ijemi imks tamt amvhghvhijphg tah`r jwc prjehsshs# BìfWhmf ijemthg `c Must`c Whxms `smc hxmfpih jb tah imtthr#

Mpphcg`x M4 Ejfputh \jwhr bjr

Hg`t`cn AGR

Wah `cerhmshg ejfputmt`jcmi ijmg rhqu`rhg bjr AGR `s bjucg mt twj pj`cts `c tah hg`t`cn prjehss#

=# âhchvhr ’cmt`vh‖ AGR `s v`hwhg jr prjehsshg ky sphe`mi hbbhets‗tah F\HN&; gmtm strhmf fust kh ghejghg# @c tah emsh jb fuit`&strhmf hbbhets mii strhmfs fust kh ghejghg#

;# M bmr fjrh s`nc`bèmct prjehss`cn ijmg `s rhqu`rhg wahchvhr AGfust kh hcejghg us`cn mc `cthr&brmfh ejghe# Jkv`jusiy jch sueaejghe `s AGR !jr QGEMF AG) kut tahrh mrh jtahrs# @c fy

hxphr`hceh Fèrjsjbt‐s RE&= ejghe ghi`vhrs tah a`nahst qumi`ty mttah ijwhst k`t&rmth# Chvhrtahihss `t rhqu`rhs mc hcjrfjus cufkhrerucea`cn empmkì`ty gur`cn hcejg`cn#

@c mgg`t`jc ms fmcy jb us ocjw hxpjrt`cn m t`fhi`ch tj AGR emcrhqu`rh m pm`cbuiiy ijcn hcejgh t`fh# ^`ta Kiu&rmy kurchrs mirhmgyjc tah fmroht‗tah cjw chmr rhmit`fh prjehss jb erhmt`cn mc CWUEGRG‗wìi kh rhpimehg ky mc jvhrc`nat hcejgh djk#

Ghsotjp \rjehssjrs

Hg`t`cn =<1<` AGR jc ghsotjp prhshcts bhw prjkihfs khemush tah`rs`zh fmohs `t s`fpiy m fmtthr jb ejst tj jktm`c tah amrgwmrh rhqu`rhgbjr a`na phrbjrfmceh# ^`ta m imptjp ajwhvhr `t ams khhc fjrhg`bbèuit tj jktm`c tah phrbjrfmceh chhghg# @cthi ams bjur Ejrh ;prjehssjrs tamt mrh ushg `c ghsotjp \Es mcg Fme \rjs4 tah =#12NAz tj;#22NAz Ejrh ; Guj !ejghcmfhg Ejcrjh)? tah ;#<<NAz tj 5#<<NAzQhjc Guj !ejghcmfhg ^jjgerhst)? tah ;#22NAz Ejrh ; ]umgrj!ejghcmfhg Ohctsb`hig)? mcg tah ;#55NAz mcg ;#22NAz Qhjc ]umgrj!ejghcmfhg Eijvhrtjwc)# Mii prjehssjrs ush m 28cf prjehss#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;><

Ejrh ; Guj !Ejcrjh)

Wah =#12NAz ;#=5NAz ;#7<NAz mcg ;#22NAz Ejrh ; Guj !Ejcrjh)ams m ;FK jr 7FK I; emeah mcg jphrmth jc m =<22FAz Brjct U`gh Kus!BUK) w`ta m kmcgw`gta jb 1#8NK*s# Mitajuna GG[;&855 [MF ams mkmcgw`gta jb 1#8NK*s `t fmy `ctrjgueh ’wm`t‖ stmths sj GG[;&22>

[MF !\E;&85<<*87<<) sajuig `ghmiiy kh `cstmiihg# Wah Ejrh ; Guj ushsmc @cthi Krjmgwmthr pimtbjrf 028 jr Kmg Mxh pimtbjrf 0>8 ea`psht#!Mppih‐s Fme `Fme hfpijys rucc`cn mt =#15NAz ;#<<NAz jr m;#=2NAz Ejrh ; Guj prjehssjr#)

Qhjc 8=<<&shr`hs Guj !^jjgerhst)

Wah ;#<NAz ;#55NAz ;#22NAz mcg 5#<NAz Qhjc 8=<<&shr`hs Guj!^jjgerhst) ams m 7FK I; emeah mcg jphrmths jc m =555FAz BUK w`tam kmcgw`gta jb 1#8NK*s# GG[;&22> [MF !\E;&85<<*87<<) sajuig khushg# Wah Qhjc Guj ushs mc @cthi Kimeobjrg pimtbjrf !8<<<&shr`hs

ea`psht) ea`psht# Mppih‐s Fme \rj hfpijys twj ;#<NAz ;#22NAz jr5#<NAz Qhjc 8=<<&shr`hs prjehssjrs#

Ejrh ; ]umgrj !Ohctsb`hig)

@cthi‐s ;#22NAz Ejrh ; ]umgrj pmeos twj Ejcrjh g`hs w`ta 1FK I;emeah# Wah bjur ejrhs mrh pmeohg `cs`gh m s`cnih pmeomnh mcg jphrmthjc m =555FAz BUK w`ta m kmcgw`gta jb =<#21NK*s# Wah 555FAz eijeo&sphhg rhqu`rhs GG[;&22> [MF !\E;&85<<*87<<) [MF# Wah Ejrh ;]umgrj ushs mc @cthi Krjmgwmthr pimtbjrf 028 jr Kmg Mxh pimtbjrf0>8 ea`psht# [hpjrts eim`f A#;27 mcg ^FR&AG hcejg`cn phrbjrfmceh`cerhmshg up tj 1<&phrehct wahc m ;#22NAz Ejrh ; ]umgrj `sejfpmrhg tj tah ;#22NAz Ejrh ; Guj#

Qhjc 85<<&shr`hs ]umgrj !Eijvhrtjwc)

Wah ;#<NAz ;#55NAz ;#22NAz mcg 5#<NAz Qhjc 85<<&shr`hs ]umgrj+Eijvhrtjwc+ ea`ps `ceiugh twj ^jjgerhst g`hs w`ta 1FK I; emeah# Wahbjur ejrhs mrh pmeohg `cs`gh m s`cnih pmeomnh mcg jphrmth jc m=555FAz BUK w`ta m kmcgw`gta jb =<#21NK*s# Wah 555FAz eijeo&sphhg rhqu`rhs GG[;&22> [MF !\E;&85<<*87<<) [MF# Wah Qhjc]umgrj ushs mc @cthi Kimeobjrg pimtbjrf !8<<<&shr`hs ea`psht) ea`psht#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;>=

Mppih‐s Fme \rj emc kh pureamshg w`ta h`nat&prjehssjrs# Mc h`nat&prjehssjr systhf ushs m pm`r jb ;#<NAz ;#22NAz jr 5#<NAz Qhjc]umgrj +Eijvhrtjwc+ ea`ps# Wah systhfs ush m =555FAz BUK w`ta mkmcgw`gta jb =<#21NK*s# Wah 555FAz eijeo&sphhg rhqu`rhs GG[;&22>[MF !\E;&85<<*87<<) [MF#

Imptjp \rjehssjrs

Bjr tah imst amib&ghemgh GR mcg GRE\[J !;8& 8<& =<<&Fkps) amskhhc rjut`chiy hg`thg jc imptjps# ^`ta tah grmfmtè `cerhmsh `c tah ushjb F\HN&; kmshg AG hg`tjrs mrh ijjo`cn bjr imptjps tamt prjv`gh tahphrbjrfmceh chehssmry bjr cjc&i`chmr hg`t`cn# Wah =<1<` vhrs`jc

i`thrmiiy ams tah smfh gmtm rmth ms GR# Wahrhbjrh stjrmnhrhqu`rhfhcts mcg g`so kmcgw`gta mrh `ghctèmi tj GR GREMF mcgGRE\[J# Khemush jb tah cmturh jb ijcn NJ\ F\HN&; fhg`m tahrhqu`rhfhct bjr prjehss`cn pjwhr `s s`nc`bèmctiy nrhmthr tamc tamtrhqu`rhg ky `ctrm&brmfh ejghes‗cj fmtthr tah`r k`t&rmth#

@cthi Ejrh Guj !Pjcma)

Fjv`cn tah hct`rh AG prjguet`jc prjehss tj m imptjp wìi rhqu`rhs`nc`bèmctiy fjrh pjwhrbui imptjps# Mifjst m yhmr mnj @cthi emfhkmeo tj i`bh w`ta m vhry pjwhrbui ea`p ejghcmfhg Pjcma# Pjcma ams

=8= fìi`jc trmcs`stjrs m ;FK I; emeah mcg bhmturhs twj E\Xs jc jchea`p !gumi&ejrhs)# Mii Pjcma‐s mrh 5;&k`t prjehssjrs# Wah fmroht`cncmfh bjr ta`s theacjijny wms emiihg mpprjpr`mthiy ’Ejrh Guj#‖ Mppihfmgh `ts fjvh tj @cthi&kmshg prjehss`cn us`cn Guj# @cthi.s Guj `s m28cf pmrt tamt jbbhrs jpt`f`zhg phrbjrfmceh phr eijeo eyeih waìhgrmw`cn cj fjrh pjwhr tamc m \hctùf F#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;>;

@cthi Ejrh ; Guj !Fhrjf)

Imptjp fmcubmeturhs qu`th quèoiy upnrmghg tj tah shejcg nhchrmt`jcGuj emiihg kjta ijnèmiiy mcg ejcbus`cniy Ejrh ; Guj# Wa`s prjehssjrwaèa ams ;0= fìi`jc trmcs`stjrs `s misj kuìt us`cn m 28cf prjehss#Ejghcmfhg Fhrjf `t misj ams m =<22FAz BUK w`ta m kmcgw`gta jb

1#8NK*s# Mitajuna GG[;&855 [MF ams m kmcgw`gta jb 1#8NK*s `t fmy`ctrjgueh ’wm`t‖ stmths sj GG[;&22> [MF !\E;&85<<*87<<) sajuig`ghmiiy kh `cstmiihg#

Hxehpt bjr tah hctry&ihvhi vhrs`jcs mii fjghis amvh m 7FK I; emeah#Mcg mii suppjrt @cthi.s 27&k`t `cstruet`jc sht !HF27W) pius UUH5# HF27suppjrt hcmkihs JU Q tj rhturc tj 27&k`t jphrmt`jc#

@cthi rhihmshg twj shhf`cniy `ghctèmi prjehssjrs `c m i`ttih jvhr 2&fjctas khemush @cthi‐s njmi `s tj ghs`nc prjehssjrs tah emc prjehsstah fmx`fuf pjss`kih cufkhr jb `cstruet`jcs phr eijeo eyeih mcg tah

f`c`fuf `c hchrny ejcsufhg phr `cstruet`jc# Wa`s rhqu`rhg b`vhmrea`theturmi mgvmcehs tj tah wmy m prjehssjr amcgihs `cstruet`jcs mcggmtm4 ^`gh Gycmfè Hxheut`jc Mgvmcehg G`n`tmi Fhg`m KjjstMgvmcehg Ufmrt Emeah Ufmrt Fhfjry Meehss mcg @cthii`nhct \jwhrEmpmkì`ty#

^`gh Gycmfè Hxheut`jc hcmkihs m prjehssjr tj hxheuth bjur pmrmiihiprjehsshs s`fuitmchjusiy# Mgvmcehg Ufmrt Emeah s`fpiy fhmcs tamtkjta ejrhs emc meehss tah aunh 7FK I; emeah wahrh gmtm‗tamt mrhkh`cn ushg `s stjrhg# Hmea ejrh emc jktm`c jr hxeamcnh gmtm w`tajut

amv`cn tj meehss tah Brjct U`gh Kus jr [MF#âhc `cstruet`jcs jr gmtm fust kh ijmghg brjf jr stjrhg tj [MF‗Ufmrt Fhfjry Meehss# M Ejrh prjehssjr ams h`nat ’prhbhteahr‖ uc`ts4twj gmtm mcg jch `cstruet`jc prhbhteahr phr ejrh pius twj prhbhteahrsms pmrt jb tah samrhg I; emeah# M prhbhteahr jktm`cs gmtm tamt f`nat khchhghg us`cn spheuimt`vh minjr`tafs#

@cthii`nhct \jwhr Empmkì`ty turcs&jbb ucushg prjehss`cn uc`ts mcghvhc s`cnih trmcs`stjrs# Misj ohy tj smv`cn pjwhr `s @cthi‐s HcamcehgUphhgUthp tamt rhguehs tah eijeo&sphhg wahc tah systhf `s `gih jr

ucghr m ijw ijmg#Jb fjst `fpjrtmceh tj v`ghj prjguet`jc Mgvmcehg G`n`tmi Fhg`m Kjjstsuppjrts hcejg`cn trmcsejg`cn mcg ejfprhss`jc# Wahsh bucet`jcs miiush vhetjrs‗m shr`hs jb vmiuhs tamt mrh fjg`b`hg ky tah smfh UHHjphrmt`jc# @cthi ams hxthcghg UUH `cstruet`jc gmtm&w`gta tj =;1&k`ts#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;>5

Wahrh mrh tarhh a`na&pjwhr vhrs`jcs4 W>;<< !;NAz) W>7<<!;#=2NAz) mcg W>2<< !;#55NAz)# Wah Ejrh ; Guj‐s eijeo !BUK) sphhg`s 855FAz jr 22>FAz# Ejrh ; prjehssjrs mrh mkih tj sautgjwc pmrts jb m prjehssjr wahc tahy gj cjt chhg tj kh met`vh# Meejrg`cn tj @cthiEjrh ; Guj jbbhrs m nrhmthr tamc ;< phrehct phrbjrfmceh `cerhmsh bjr

prjehssjr&`cthcs`vh tmsos‗ejfpmrhg tj prhv`jus&nhchrmt`jc imptjpsw`ta Ejrh Guj prjehssjrs#

Jb ejursh E\Xs mijch gj cjt fmoh m ejfputhr# Hvhry imptjp `s kuìtmrjucg m ea`psht tamt ’niuhs‖ tah prjehssjr ejfpjchcts tjnhtahr# @cthijbbhrs tah 078NF mcg 078\F !pmrt jb tah eurrhct Cmpm pimtbjrf) mcgtah \028NF mcg 028\F ’Cjrtakr`gnh‖ ea`p# !Wah 078NF mcg 028NF`ceiugh tah @cthi N\M#)

Wah chwhr 028NF !pmrt jb tah Umctm [jsm pimtbjrf jbbhrs tah mkì`ty tjruc GG[; [MF mt 1<<FAz !bjr tah ;#7NAz W>><< Ejrh ; Guj tamt wìiamvh mc 1<<FAz BUK) suppjrt bjr ;NK fhfjry ea`ps !miijw`cn 7NKus`cn ; UJ&G@FFs) G`rhetQ =< ejfpmt`kih nrmpaès mcg up tj m 8<&phrehct `cerhmsh `c v`ghj phrbjrfmceh jvhr tah 078#

Uuppjrt bjr 7NK jb [MF w`ta`c m imptjp `s nj`cn tj rhfjvh jch jb tahimst jkstmeihs tj fjv`cn ejfpjs`t`cn mppièmt`jcs brjf m ghsotjp tj m

imptjp# Wah Umctm [jsm pimtbjrf‐s Ujutakr`gnh !@EA1F ea`p) wìisuppjrt tarhh Uhr`mi MWM @@ !5Nk*s gmtm&rmth) pjrts mcg thc XUK ;#<pjrts#

\E@ \E@&Q jr \E@ HxprhssWah typh jb ejfputhr kus `s typèmiiy uc`fpjrtmct hxehpt wahc yjupimc tj ush m AG&UG@ jr AGF@ @*J kjmrg# Ejfputhr fmcubmeturhrsamvh rmp`giy sw`teahg brjf \E@ tj \E@&Q tj \E@ Hxprhss !\E@h)#

Nrmpaès Kjmrgs

Eurrhctiy fjst AGR hg`t`cn mppièmt`jcs gj cjt fmoh g`rhet ush jb mnrmpaès emrg# Wah emrg `s s`fpiy ushg tj suppjrt m a`na&rhsjiut`jcg`spimy# Chvhrtahihss tahrh mrh tarhh er`thr`m bjr shihet`cn m nrmpaèskjmrg# Gjhs `t suppjrt G`rhetQ 0#< jr G`rhetQ =<#<: Wa`s `s `fpjrtmctkhemush `ceiughg w`ta`c kjta empmkì`t`hs `s m bucet`jc emiihg GQRM#Wa`s bucet`jc miijws mppièmt`jcs tj meehss amrgwmrh w`ta`c tah N\Xtamt suppjrt F\HN&;# Jch bucet`jc mc `cvhrsh g`serhth ejs`chtrmcsbjrf !`GEW) suppjrts F\HN&; ghejg`cn‗waìh tah jtahr mg`serhth ejs`ch trmcsbjrf !GEW) suppjrts F\HN&; hcejg`cn# Jchajphs tamt Cmt`vh AGR hg`t`cn sjbtwmrh `c tah buturh wìi fmoh ush jb kjta bucet`jcs tj `cerhmsh phrbjrfmceh#

Wah shejcg er`thr`jc `s tah mfjuct jb N\X [MF# [MF s`zh emc kh`fpjrtmct wahc mppièmt`jcs kubbhr fuit`pih brmfhs jb v`ghj tj suppjrtsfjjta pimykmeo# Wah f`c`fuf yju wmct `s ;82FK# !Jkv`jusiy yjugj cjt wmct tj ush mcy nrmpaès sjiut`jc tamt fmohs ush jb ’samrhgfhfjry‖ cj fmtthr wamt phrbjrfmceh eim`fs mrh fmgh bjr tahprjguet#)

Wah ta`rg er`thr`m ejvhrs m cufkhr jb ejcs`ghrmt`jcs4 5G hgnh&bìthr`cnmppi`hg tj v`ghj tj `cerhmsh qumi`ty? w`gta mcg sphhg jb tah pmtakhtwhhc tah N\X mcg N\X [MF? suppjrthg fjc`tjr rhsjiut`jc?suppjrthg fjc`tjr ejijr&ghpta? fmx`fuf fjc`tjr rhbrhsa rmth?

cufkhr jb fjc`tjrs? typh jb ejcchet`jc !RNM GR@ AGF@ mcmijnejfpjchct AG&UG@ U&v`ghj ejfpjs`th)? suppjrt bjr [NK CWUE mcgAG v`ghj jutput brjf mc jvhrimy? mcg tah s`zh jb tah jvhrimy kubbhr!CWUE jr AG)#

Mpphcg`x K4 Mcmijn Mug`j

Ejcchet`jcs

Mpphcg`x K ghmis w`ta prjkihfs typèmiiy hcejucthrhg wahc yjuejcchethg fèrjpajchs mcg f`xhrs tj yjur emfejrghr#

Mug`j s`ncmis mrh typèmiiy shct jvhr m ijcn g`stmceh khbjrh tahy mrhg`n`t`zhg w`ta m emfejrghr# Mcmijn mug`j `s trmcsf`tthg us`cn h`tahruckmimcehg jr kmimcehg seahfhs# Ejcsufhr hqu`pfhct ushsuckmimcehg ejcchet`jcs wahrhms prjbhss`jcmi hqu`pfhct ushskmimcehg ejcchet`jcs# Wah purpjsh jb us`cn m kmimcehg ejcchet`jc `stj rhgueh tah pjss`kì`ty jb cj`sh ejctmf`cmt`cn tah s`ncmi‗hsphe`miiywahc tah mug`j fust kh shct jvhr ijcn&g`stmcehs#

Xckmimcehg Ejcchet`jcs

Wah s`ncmi `s shct gjwc m s`cnih `csuimthg i`ch tamt `s ejvhrhg kykrm`g# Wah krm`g waèa `s usumiiy ejcchethg tj eamss`s nrjucg mt hmeahcg ams twj bucet`jcs# B`rst tah krm`g mets ms m +sa`hig+ tj ahipprjthet tah s`ncmi brjf cj`sh `cguehg jctj tah s`ncmi ihmg# Uhejcg tahkrm`g prjv`ghs tah +rhturc&pmta+ bjr tah s`ncmi# Cjrfmiiy uckmimcehgejcchet`jcs wjro b`ch# Ajwhvhr `b tahrh mrh strjcn sjurehs jb cj`sh `ctah hcv`rjcfhct tahy emc pmss tarjuna tah sa`hig# Uuea cj`sh emcejfh brjf 8<Az*2<Az pjwhr&i`chs =<<Az*=;<Az +kuzz+ brjfbiujrhsehct i`nats mcg [B s`ncmis brjf hqu`pfhct !hsphe`miiyejfputhrs) mcg rmg`j*thihv`s`jc stmt`jcs# Wah s`ncmi pius mcy cj`shtamt ams khhc pèohg&up mrh `cput mt tah rheh`v`cn hcg# Ms tah mfjuctjb cj`sh `cerhmshs tah ejcchet`jc.s s`ncmi&tj&cj`sh rmt`j `s gherhmshg#

Pju emc rhejnc`zh uckmimcehg ejcchet`jcs ky tah bmet tahy mrhthrf`cmthg w`ta [EM ejcchetjrs# \ajch&piuns !=*7&`cea) mcg f`c`&piuns !=*1&`cea) emc misj kh ushg ms uckmimcehg ejcchetjrs# Wah piunsushg amvh twj&ejcguetjrs# Pju emc pureamsh uckmimcehg&tj&kmimcehg

mcg uckmimcehg&tj&kmimcehg ejcvhrthrs# Kh surh yju eajjsh tajshtamt amvh m whii&sa`highg `cthrcmi trmcsbjrfhr# @c mgg`t`jc kh surh tahejcvhrs`jc brjf uckmimcehg tj kmimceh `s gjch ms eijsh ms pjss`kih tjtah uckmimcehg jutput ejcchetjr# Xckmimcehg ejcchet`jcs mrhthrf`cmthg `c m a`na&`fphgmceh !jbthc emiihg +a`na&T+) ijmg#

Kmimcehg Ejcchet`jcs

Wah s`ncmi `s shct gjwc twj `csuimthg i`chs tamt mrh tw`sthg mrjucghmea jtahr mcg ejvhrhg ky krm`g# !Wah i`chs mrh tw`sthg tj hcsurh mcycj`sh `ctrjguehg `s `cguehg hqumiiy `c kjta i`chs#) Wah s`ncmi `s shct

jvhr tah twj i`chs +jut&jb&pamsh#+ Wah krm`g waèa `s usumiiyejcchethg tj eamss`s nrjucg mt hmea hcg ams twj bucet`jcs# B`rst tahkrm`g mets ms m +sa`hig+ tj ahip prjthet tah s`ncmi brjf cj`sh `cguehgjctj tah s`ncmi ihmgs# Uhejcg tah krm`g prjv`ghs tah +rhturc&pmta+ bjrtah s`ncmi# âhc m kmimcehg ejcchet`jc `s `ffhrshg `c m strjcn sjurehjb cj`sh jr wahc tah sjureh mcg ghst`cmt`jc hqu`pfhct `s mt g`bbhrhcteamss`s&nrjucg pjthct`mis cj`sh `s `cguehg hqumiiy `c kjta s`ncmi i`chs#Wah cj`sh `s `cguehg `c&pamsh# Mt tah rheh`v`cn hcg tah s`ncmi `sjktm`chg brjf tah +g`bbhrhceh+ khtwhhc tah twj i`chs# Wah `c&pamshcj`sh `s emcehihg mcg sj tah s`ncmi&tj&cj`sh rmt`j rhfm`cs a`na#

Pju emc rhejnc`zh kmimcehg ejcchet`jcs ky tah bmet tahy mrhthrf`cmthg w`ta QI[ !5&p`c) ejcchetjrs# !\ajch&piuns !=*7&`cea) emcmisj kh ushg ms kmimcehg ejcchetjrs# Wah piuns ushg amvh tarhh&ejcguetjrs#) Pju emc pureamsh kmimcehg&tj&uckmimcehg mcguckmimcehg&tj&kmimcehg ejcvhrthrs# Kh surh yju eajjsh tajsh tamtamvh m whii&sa`highg `cthrcmi trmcsbjrfhr# @c mgg`t`jc kh surh tahejcvhrs`jc brjf kmimcehg tj uckmimceh `s gjch ms eijsh ms pjss`kih tjtah uckmimcehg `cput ejcchetjr# Kmimcehg ejcchet`jcs mrh usumiiythrf`cmthg `c m 2<<&jaf ijmg‗mitajuna m a`na&`fphgmceh !jbthcemiihg +a`na&T+) ijmg sjfht`fhs `s ushg#

U`ncmi Ihvhis

Ejcsufhr s`ncmis mrh shct mt m ijwhr vjitmnh tamc mrh prjbhss`jcmis`ncmis# Wahrh mrh tarhh ghb`chg rhbhrhceh ihvhis4 &=<gKu &1gKu mcg/7gKu# Wah bjrfhr twj mrh tah ijwhr rhbhrhceh ihvhis ushg kyejcsufhr hqu`pfhct# Wah imtthr `s tah a`nahr rhbhrhceh ihvhi ushg kyprjbhss`jcmi hqu`pfhct# Imrnh chnmt`vh cufkhrs mrh sjbthr tamcsfmiihr chnmt`vh cufkhrs#

Cjth tamt fmcy p`hehs jb prj nhmr amvh sw`teahs tamt emc sht kjtajutput mcg `cput rhbhrhceh ihvhis tj h`tahr /7gKu jr &=<gKu# Wahsw`tea fmy kh h`tahr mc hxthrcmi jr mc `cthrcmi paysèmi sw`tea‗jrfmy kh sht v`m m fhcu# Fè ihvhis typèmiiy rmcnh brjf ―7<gK tj&2<gKu#

Ejpyr`nat ;<<1 ky Uthvh Fuiihc ;>>

Mpphcg`x E4 @cejrpjrmth Ihnmey

R`ghj

@c mc `ghmi wjrig yjur AG prjguet`jcs wìi kh ejfpjshg hct`rhiy jb AGfmthr`mi jr bìf tamt ams khhc trmcsbhrrhg tj AG# Chvhrtahihss

hvhctumiiy yju wìi hcejucthr m s`tumt`jc wahrh yju wìi chhg tj`cejrpjrmth CWUE jr \MI v`ghj#

@b yju mrh iueoy tah sjureh fmthr`mi wìi amvh jr`n`cmthg jc G`n`Khtmjr KhtmU\# Wahsh mrh ’ejfpjchct ejijr‖ bjrfmts sj yjur pr`fmry `ssuhwìi kh `cejrpjrmt`cn 745 fmthr`mi w`ta`c m =240 prjguet`jc# Wahrh mrhtwj jkv`jus wmys tj meejfpi`sa ta`s# B`rst pimeh jch jr fjrh 745`fmnhs w`ta`c tah w`ghserhhc brmfh# Wa`s jpt`jc ams tah mgvmctmnh

tamt v`ghj chhg cjt kh semihg up#âhc yju wmct tj semih&up CWUE tj =<1<` m i`chmr semih wìi rhqu`rh m;#<<Q mcg ;#;8Q ajr`zjctmi mcg vhrtèmi zjjf rhsphet`vhiy# Khbjrhyju try tj phrbjrf ta`s ihvhi jb semi`cn yju chhg tj ejcb`rf tah qumi`tyjb semi`cn phrbjrfhg ky yjur CIH# Mv`g‐s I`qu`g jbbhrs m eajèh jb shvhrmi semi`cn minjr`tafs‗sjfh wjro khst bjr mc upsemih waìh jtahrswjro khst bjr m gjwcsemih#

Ejijr&ucghr mcg Ejfpjs`th R`ghj

@b yju mrh cjt iueoy tah sjureh fmthr`mi wìi kh jc m ’ejijr&ucghr‖ v`ghj bjrfmt# Warhh&qumrthr&`cea !X&fmtè) A`1 RAU mcg U&RAU ushta`s rhejrg`cn systhf# Khbjrh rhejrg`cn earjfm `cbjrfmt`jc `skmcgw`gta i`f`thg# Wah earjfm s`ncmi `s tahc Mfpi`tugh Fjguimthg kym +emrr`hr+ s`ncmi mcg rhejrghg# Wah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi `s BrhquhceyFjguimthg ky m fuea a`nahr brhquhcey emrr`hr !khtwhhc ≁7FAz mcg≁>FAz) mcg rhejrghg# Khemush tah earjfm s`ncmi.s emrr`hr `s ijwhr `cbrhquhcey tamc tah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi.s emrr`hr ta`s systhf `s emiihgejijr&ucghr rhejrg`cn#

Wah ohy tj jktm`c`cn fmx`fuf `fmnh qumi`ty bjr ihnmey tmphs `s tj ushm RW[ tamt ams m ejrrhet sht jb bhmturhs# !Pju wìi iòhiy amvh tj rhct mgheo#) Wahsh bhmturhs `ceiugh4 81&fèrjc ahmgs WKE GJE E[@ mFjt`jc Uhcs`cn 5G P*E shpmrmtjr 5G GC[ mcg 5G EC[#

Wj prjv`gh sphe`mi hbbhets m ejcsufhr RE[ typèmiiy ams jch 5=& mcgjch ;2&fèrjc w`gh ahmg# Mc `cgustr`mi RW[ wìi amvh twj 81&fèrjcw`gh ahmgs tj prjv`gh m s`nc`bèmctiy a`nahr U*C rmt`j#

WKE mcg GJEM W`fh Kmsh Ejrrhetjr !WKE) empturhs tah pèturh ejf`cn brjf m RE[mcg stjrhs `t `c g`n`tmi fhfjry‗brjf wahrh `t `s jutput# Wa`s prjehssrhfjvhs i`ch&ky&i`ch pèturh +d`tthr#+

Fhfjry misj prjv`ghs tah kms`s bjr m grjpjut ejfphcsmtjr !GJE)# MGJE fjc`tjrs tah [B s`ncmi mrr`v`cn brjf tah met`vh pimykmeo ahmg#âhc tah [B s`ncmi `s `cthrrupthg bjr tah gurmt`jc jb tah `cthrrupt`jcprhv`jus +njjg+ `cbjrfmt`jc brjf fhfjry `s sukst`tuthg#

Ihnmey Ujureh

âhchvhr yjur ihnmey sjureh ams jr`n`cmthg brjf CWUE krjmgemstmcmijn emkih jr mcmijn smthii`th‗jr ams hvhr khhc rhejrghg jc mejijr&ucghr bjrfmt‗jr mt mcy t`fh ams khhc fjvhg ms m ejfpjs`ths`ncmi yju amvh m prjkihf tj sjivh# Wah sjiut`jc `s tj g`n`t`zh tahv`ghj us`cn hqu`pfhct tamt ams m sjpa`stèmthg P*E shpmrmtjr# Wahshpmrmtjr emc kh `c m RW[ !w`ta tah jutput v`m h`tahr mcmijnejfpjchct jr UG@) jr `c yjur CIH‐s g`n`t`zhr#

P*E Uhpmrmtjr

M s`fpih P*E shpmrmtjr hfpijys m a`na&pmss bìthr tj shpmrmth earjfm`cbjrfmt`jc brjf tah s`ncmi waìh m 5#81FAz cjtea bìthr hi`f`cmthsearjfm `cbjrfmt`jc ejctm`chg `c tah ejfpjs`th s`ncmi# Xcbjrtucmthiytah a`na&pmss bìthr miijws b`ch iuf`cmceh ghtmì jr ejcvhrn`cn cjc&pmrmiihi i`chs tj mpphmr ms rhsphet`vhiy m rm`ckjw pmtthrc !’erjss&ejijr‖) jr m Fj`rà !’ahrr`cnkjch‖) pmtthrc# Wah cjtea bìthr eutsiuf`cmceh kmcgw`gta tj jciy mkjut 5FAz y`hig`cn jciy ;8<&i`chs jb ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc#

Ejfk bìthrs mrh tah ahmrt jb fjrh sjpa`stèmthg P*E shpmrmtjrs#Mithrcmth i`chs jb earjfm `cbjrfmt`jc amvh jppjs`cn pamsheamrmethr`stès# âhc twj i`chs mrh mgghg earjfm `cbjrfmt`jc `semcehihg&jut waìh tah iuf`cmceh s`ncmi `s munfhcthg# Ky suktrmet`cntwj i`chs `c&pamsh iuf`cmceh s`ncmi `s cjw emcehihg mcg earjfm`cbjrfmt`jc `s jktm`chg#






âìh m ejfk bìthr prhshrvhs ajr`zjctmi rhsjiut`jc `t `s cjt hbbhet`vh `cprhvhct`cn h`tahr erjss ejijr jr Fj`rà hbbhets# Cjr gjhs `t prhvhctajr`zjctmi ’amcn`cn gjts‖ mcg vhrtèmi ’ermwi`cn mcts‖ brjf mpphmr`cnmt tah ducet`jcs jb jkdhets tamt amvh ejfpihfhctmry !h#n# kiuh mcgyhiijw) ejijrs# Wahsh mrh emiihg ’erjss&iuf`cmceh‖ mrt`bmets#

âhc erjss&ejijr mcg erjss&iuf`cmceh mrt`bmets mrh semihg up tj AGtah rhsuit `s m thrr`kih pèturh# ^`ta sjfh stmt`jcs AGWR krjmgemstsmcg h`tahr UG jr AG i`vh chws mrh eihmc# Ajwhvhr hvhryta`cn tamtpmsshs tarjuna tah pimct ms ejfpjs`th v`ghj !fèrjwmvh upi`co HCNtmph fjst ejffhre`mis) ijjos ajrr`kih# Iht ta`s kh m rhf`cghr tamtyju mrh `c trjukih hvhc wahc m v`ghj sjureh ejfhs tj yju rhejrghg jcmc mcmijn !KhtmU\) jr g`n`tmi !G`n`Khtm GR GRE\[J jr hvhc AG)ejfpjchct bjrfmt‗`b `t wms hvhr emrr`hg v`m m systhf tamt f`xhs iufmmcg earjfm# Jceh f`xhg erjss&ejijr mrt`bmets mrh pmrt jb tah earjfms`ncmi mcg erjss&iuf`cmceh mrt`bmets mrh pmrt jb tah iufm s`ncmi# @c

tahsh emshs yju sajuig nj kmeo tj tah jr`n`cmi fhg`m#

Wah ;G 5&i`ch mgmpt`vh ejfk bìthr prjv`ghs `fprjvhg ejfk bìthrphrbjrfmceh# @t ejfpmrhs hmea p`xhi tj tah `ffhg`mthiy mgdmehctp`xhis jc tah eurrhct i`ch ms whii ms mgdmehct p`xhis `c tah upphr mcgijwhr i`chs# Kmshg jc tah cmturh jb tah auh mcg smturmt`jc jb p`xhis‗g`n`tmi ijnè hcmkihs m P*E shpmrmtjr tj jc m p`xhi&ky&p`xhi kms`sjphrmth gycmfèmiiy ms `b `t whrh m purh cjtea bìthr !bjr f`c`fuf ejijrmrt`bmets)‗tajuna `cthrfhg`mth stmnhs‗tj m purh ejfk bìthr !bjrfmx`fuf pèturh rhsjiut`jc)#

âìh tah upphr mcg ijwhr i`chs brjf tah smfh b`hig mrh eijshthfpjrmiiy‗tahy mrh cjt spmt`miiy eijsh# Wah spmt`miiy eijshst i`chs mrh`c tah prhv`jus b`hig# M 5G 5&i`ch P*E shpmrmtjr hfpijys b`higfhfjry# Khemush `ts earjfm&ijnè wjros w`ta p`xhis tamt mrh spmt`miiyeijsh `t prjv`ghs khtthr pèturh ghtmì w`ta bhwhr earjfm mrt`bmets#

âìh ejfpmr`cn tah eurrhct i`ch w`ta tah upphr mcg ijwhr i`chs brjftah prhv`jus b`hig usumiiy prjv`ghs jpt`fuf shpmrmtjr phrbjrfmcehwahc mc jkdhet `s fjv`cn rmp`giy `t gjhs cjt# Ky `cejrpjrmt`cnfjt`jc&shcs`cn ijnè m 5G P*E shpmrmtjr emc mutjfmtèmiiy ush tah

prhv`jus b`hig jr eurrhct b`hig# Xcghr fjt`jc us`cn thfpjrmrìy eijsh`cbjrfmt`jc brjf tah eurrhct b`hig prhvhcts tah `ctrjguet`jc jb fjt`jcmrt`bmets#

GC[ mcg EC[

Jceh earjfm ams khhc shpmrmthg brjf iufm hmea suk&s`ncmi fust kheihmchg jb cj`sh# \èturh cj`sh `s ucejrrhimthg `cbjrfmt`jc# G`n`tmiCj`sh [hguet`jc !GC[) ghimys v`ghj jch&i`ch phr`jg mcg mggs `t tj taheurrhct i`ch# Iuf`cmceh cj`sh `s emcehihg mcg tah s`ncmi munfhcthg# M;G ;&i`ch GC[ e`reu`t emushs m si`nat kiurr`cn jb vhrtèmi ghtmì# Bjr ta`srhmsjc GC[ `s mvmìmkih w`ta tah smfh mgvmcehg fjghs ms mrh P*Eshpmrmtjrs4 ;G 5&i`ch 5G 5&i`ch mcg fjt`jc&shcs`cn 5G 5&i`ch#

Wahrh mrh twj typhs jb earjfm cj`sh‗MF !Mfpi`tugh Fjguimthg) cj`shwahrh hmea p`xhi ams rmcgjf smturmt`jc mcg \F !\amsh Fjguimthg)cj`sh wahrh p`xhis amvh m rmcgjf vmry`cn auh# Wah smfh typhs jb g`n`tmi cj`sh rhguet`jc e`reu`ts tamt rhgueh iuf`cmceh cj`sh emc khmppi`hg tj m earjfm#

Ahmg&sw`tea`cn Cj`shWahrh `s jch jtahr cmsty yju fmy chhg tj ghmi w`ta? ’ahmg&sw`tea`cn‖ cj`sh# Bjucg `c tah ijwhst 2&1 i`chs jb v`ghj brjf mc mcmijn RW[ cj`shemc kh hi`f`cmthg ky s`fpiy fmso`cn tah tjp mcg kjttjf 1&i`chs#Mithrcmthiy yju emc erjp tah v`ghj mcg tahc si`natiy semih `t#Ajwhvhr khemush ta`s `cerhmshs tah mfjuct jb semi`cn rhqu`rhgpèturh qumi`ty emc kh gherhmshg#

Ujfh RAU mcg U&RAU tmphs wìi emrry m A`B` mug`j trmeo tamt jbbhrsa`na qumi`ty sthrhj sjucg# Ajwhvhr `b mt mcy pj`ct tah tmph wms

pimyhg jc m RW[ w`ta wjrc A`B` mug`j ahmgs yju fmy ahmr m =8oAzahmg&sw`tea`cn cj`sh# Ajphbuiiy yjur CIH ams m =8oAz cjtea bìthr sjyju emc rhgueh tah wa`ch#

@c fy hxphr`hceh tah RW[s tamt ejfh tah eijshst tj fhht`cn fjstrhqu`rhfhcts `ceiugh tah \mcmsjcè MN&>><<*MN&>2<< jr MN&>28<*>>8< tah \mcmsjcè MN&GU17<A jr MN& GU17<A !waèa jbbhrkjta U&v`ghj mcg ejfpjchct jutput) pius tah DRE K[&U1;;X*K[&U2;;X !RAU*U&RAU) gheos# @b pjss`kih ush m ;;&shr`hs RE[ tamt amskjta mc UM&W;; WKE mcg mc UM&C;; GC[ jpt`jc# Jtahr gheos `ceiughtah Ujcy KRX&08< !X&fmtè) w`ta m WKE ejcchethg tj tah GXK pjrt

Ujcy URJ&81<< !RAU*U&RAU) mcg Ujcy HRJ&018< !R`ghj1*A`1)# Mt mfuea ijwhr prèh pj`ct tah DRE K[&U5>1X mcg \mcmsjcè MN&GU888RAU*U&RAU gheos wjro whii#

Mpphcg`x H4 Eajjs`cn m Bimt&pmchi G`spimy


Mpphcg`x H4 Eajjs`cn m Bimt&pmchiG`spimy

\rjnrhss`vh AG g`spimys mrh cjw tah cjrf yht `cthrimeh AG `s fjst prhvmihct# Wj prjphriy g`spimy `cthrimeh v`ghj `t fust kh gh`cthrimehg#

Bimt&pmchi Jphrmt`jc

M E[W&kmshg AG g`spimy wìi jvhr m b`hig&t`fh jb =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg grmw mpprjx`fmthiy 87<&i`chs jc tah serhhc# Jur hyhs`cthnrmth tahsh twj 87<&i`ch b`higs `ctj m s`cnih =<1<&i`ch brmfh#

Bimt&pmchi g`spimys w`ta =<1<&rjws jb p`xhis bucet`jc vhry g`bbhrhctiy#

Hmea =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg tahy prhshct =<1<&rjws tj tah hyh#\jthct`miiy ta`s `s twèh ms fuea `cbjrfmt`jc# Ajwhvhr tahrh `s tahquhst`jc jb wamt phrehct jb tahsh i`chs mrh bìihg w`ta metumi v`ghjghtmì#‖ ^h chhg mc ucghrstmcg`cn jb gh`cthrime`cn tj mcswhr ta`squhst`jc#

R`ghj&fjgh Gh`cthrime`cn Whsthg

@c tah Fmrea ;<<2 `ssuh jb Ajfh Wahmthr fmnmz`ch Nmry Fhrsjc

thsthg 87 ;<<8 fjghi AGWRs jb mii typhs# Wahsh AGWRs whrhprjnrhss`vh g`spimys w`ta >;<&rjws >21&rjws jr =<1<&rjws# Mifjst amib jb tah fjghis thsthg bmìhg tj prjphriy gh`cthrimeh m =<1<` s`ncmi rhsuit`cn `c m ijss jb vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc#

Fhrsjc ushg m =<1<` UF\WH =55 thst pmtthrc# @c tah ejrchrs mcg tjtah r`nat jb tah f`ggih jb tah pmtthrc tahrh mrh kjxhs w`ta mithrcmt`cnajr`zjctmi kimeo mcg wa`th i`chs m s`cnih p`xhi a`na# Wah AGWR shcgstah wa`th i`chs !jgg cufkhrhg) tj tah b`rst b`hig mcg tah kimeo i`chs!hvhc cufkhrhg) tj tah shejcg b`hig# Wj mgg m fjt`jc tj tah `fmnh meijeow`sh rjtmt`cn wa`th i`ch `s pjs`t`jchg jc tah ihbt s`gh jb tah

pmtthrc#

@b m n`vhc g`spimy prjphriy prjehsshs mii jb tah i`chs tah pmtthrc.smithrcmt`cn ajr`zjctmi i`chs sajuig rhfm`c `ctmet# @b ajwhvhr tahg`spimy jciy ushs 87<&i`ch b`higs !mii jgg& jr mii hvhc&cufkhrhg i`chs)mcg tahc upejcvhrts tahsh 87<&i`ch b`higs tj tah AGWR.s vhrtèmi

rhsjiut`jc tah kjxhs wìi mithrcmth khtwhhc mii kimeo mcg mii wa`th#Wa`s strjk`cn `s fmrohg ms m ’bmìurh#‖

Buii AGBuii AG fhmcs tah g`spimy pmchi ams =0;<x=<1< hihfhcts tamt mrhprhshcthg mt 8<Az !8<p) jr 2<Az !2<p#) Wahrh `s jb ejursh cjta`cnchw mkjut 8<p*2<p s`ceh bimt&pmchi WRs amvh miwmys rhbrhsahg miip`xhis mt h`tahr 8<Az jr 2<Az# Wah prjf`sh jb Buii AG `s tamt tahshAGWRs amvh tah p`xhis chehssmry tj g`spimy mii tah p`xhis emrr`hg `c m=<1<` krjmgemst? jr stjrhg jc m =<1<p Kiu&rmy jr AG GRG g`se# Pjufmy mirhmgy amvh hcejucthrhg tah Buii AG ijnj#

Uj ajw gj Buii AG AGWRs phrbjrf: Xcbjrtucmthiy ms Fhrsjc rhpjrts`c tah Jetjkhr ;<<2 `ssuh jb Ajfh Wahmthr tah bmìurh&rmth `c a`sshejcg thst wms hvhc nrhmthr# Cjt njjg chws#

@c a`s Cjvhfkhr ;<<> mrtèih Fhrsjc rhpjrts tah bmìurh&rmth g`g grjpms WR fmcubmeturhs `fprjvhg gh`cthrimehr qumi`ty# Xcbjrtucmthiy jciy28&phrehct jb tah thsthg AGWRs pmsshg# Khtthr kut cjt nrhmt#

Fmcy amvh rhspjcghg tj Fhrsjc‐s thsts ky ejffhct`cn tahrh `s ’cjwmy tahy wjuig cjt cjtèh suea m rhsjiut`jc ijss#‖ Wa`s rhspjcsh `skjta vmi`g‗mcg `cvmi`g# Xcihss yju ush jch jb tah chw Buii AG AGWRs

yju amvh chvhr amg m eamceh tj shh =<1<&i`ch v`ghj# Fmcy `b cjtfjst eurrhctiy `cstmiihg AGWRs amvh jciy 71<& >;<& jr >21&i`chs# @ctah b`rst emsh hmea b`hig `s semihg gjwc tj 71<&i`chs waìh `c tah imtthrtwj emshs hmea b`hig `s semihg up tj h`tahr >;<& jr >21&i`chs#

Fhrsjc ams ajwhvhr jvhrstmthg tah shr`juschss jb tah s`tumt`jc kyerhmt`cn tah ejcehpt jb m ’bmì`cn‖ AGWR# Wah rhmi`ty `s tamt WRs vmry `ctah ghnrhh tahy prjv`gh tah v`hwhr w`ta mii pjss`kih `cbjrfmt`jc# âèarm`shs tah jkv`jus quhst`jc‗ajw fuea vhrtèmi `cbjrfmt`jc `spjss`kih:

Wajsh thst`cn g`spimys mssufh m b`hig emrr`hs 87<&i`chs jb `cbjrfmt`jc#Gjhs ta`s vmiuh ghb`ch tah fmx`fuf pjss`kih `cbjrfmt`jc tamt emc khg`spimyhg hmea b`hig&t`fh:

Cjt hxmetiy# @t turcs jut tamt ghphcg`cn jc tah cmturh jb mc AGWR‐s

gh`cthrimehr fjrh `cbjrfmt`jc emc kh prhshcthg# @c bmet `t `s pjss`kihtj prhshct =<1<&i`chs jb v`ghj `cbjrfmt`jc hvhry =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg ky us`cn m gh`cthrimeh theac`quh emiihg ’whmvh#‖

^hmvh ejfk`chs hvhc& mcg jgg&i`chs `ctj m s`cnih =<1<&i`ch&brmfh‗hvhry =*;8ta jr =*5<ta shejcg# Hmea brmfh `s shct tj tah pmchi twèh gur`cn m brmfh&t`fh !=*;8ta jr =*5<ta shejcg)# Ky shcg`cn hmea brmfhtwèh tah AGWR‐s rhbrhsa rmth `s 8<Az jr 2<Az# ^`ta =<1< WRI ms tahkhceafmro‗m AGWR tamt jciy prhshcts 87<&i`chs `s ghhfhg kyFhrsjc tj ’bmì#‖ Wajsh tamt bmìhg‗ushg ’kjk‖ gh`cthrime`cn#

R`ghj&fjgh Gh`cthrime`cn Wheacjijn`hs

Wahrh mrh fuit`pih wmys tj meejfpi`sa gh`cthrime`cn tahsh fhtajgsbmii `ctj twj emthnjr`hs4 cjc&mgmpt`vh !kjk whmvh mcg ;G B@[) mcgmgmpt`vh !brmfh&mgmpt`vh mcg rhn`jc&mgmpt`vh)#

kjk*i`ch&gjukihg*b`hig&gjukihg

!=) Wj ejcvhrt `cthrimeh v`ghj tj amib&ah`nat prjnrhss`vh hvhry jtahrb`hig `s s`fpiy g`semrghg# Gj`cn sj grjps vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc ky 8<&

phrehct# Wj sjfh tah ejcstruethg `fmnh shhfs tj v`krmth up mcggjwc? ahceh ta`s prjehss `s emiihg ’kjk‖ gh`cthrime`cn#

!;) Wj ohhp vhrtèmi brmfh ah`nat ejcstmct ms hmea b`hig `s `cput hvhryi`ch `s gupièmthg mcg `cshrthg ms mithrcmth i`chs `c mc jutput brmfh#Wahsh gupièmth i`chs pius tah jr`n`cmi i`chs erhmth m prjnrhss`vh

brmfh# Rhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc `s rhguehg ky 8<&phrehct ejfpmrhg tj tahjr`n`cmi brmfhs# Wa`s `s emiihg i`ch&gjukihg gh`cthrime`cn#

!5) Ms hmea 87<&i`ch b`hig `s `cput mc `cthrpjimtjr nhchrmths tahchhghg !rhg) p`xhis brjf p`xhis !kimeo) `c tah i`chs g`rhetiy mkjvh mcg

khijw erhmthg i`chs#

Wah rhsuit `s m syctahtè =<1<&i`ch brmfh tamt `s shct tj tah g`spimypmchi hmea b`hig&t`fh‗hvhry =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg# G`mnjcmis mrhcjt amcgihg whii khemush tah `cthrpjimtjr emccjt erhmth p`xhis s`cehtahrh mrh cj p`xhis mkjvh mcg khijw tah ijemt`jcs wahrh tahy sajuigkh pimehg !yhiijw ehiis)# Hbbhet`vh vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc `s i`f`thg tj 87<WRI phr b`hig&t`fh# Wa`s `s emiihg b`hig&gjukihg gh`cthrime`cn#

^hmvh

^hmvh ejfk`chs jgg&i`chs brjf tah eurrhct brmfh w`ta tah hvhc&i`chsbrjf tah prhv`jus brmfh `ctj m =<1<&i`ch ’brmfh#‖ Chxt hvhc&i`chs `ctah eurrhct brmfh mrh wjvhc w`ta jgg&i`chs `c tah eurrhct brmfh `ctj m=<1<&i`ch ’brmfh#‖ Waus m syctahtè =<1<&i`ch brmfh `s erhmthg hmeab`hig t`fh# Khemush `cbjrfmt`jc brjf g`bbhrhct fjfhcts `c t`fh `sejfk`chg fjv`cn jkdhets wìi amvh ejfk`cn jc tah`r hgnhs# M shejcg&stmnh `sjtrjpè bìthr `s er`tèmi tj kihcg`cn p`xhis mt tah hgnhs jb fjv`cn jkdhets `c jrghr tj rhgueh ejfk`cn#

Wah rhsuit `s m syctahtè =<1<&i`ch brmfh tamt `s shct tj tah g`spimypmchi hmea b`hig&t`fh‗hvhry =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg# [hsjiut`jc thstswìi `cgèmth mc hbbhet`vh vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc jb up tj =<1< WRI phrb`hig&t`fh#

;G B@[

Ms hmea 87<&i`ch b`hig `s `cput `t `s vhrtèmiiy semihg tj m =<1<&i`chbrmfh us`cn m ;G B@[ bìthr# M ;G B@[ bìthr emc amvh m sfmii jr imrnhcufkhr ’tmps‖ wahrh hmea tmp `s m smfpih !kiuh ehiis)# Eurrhct bìthrsamvh up tj =<;7 tmps? waèa wjuig suppjrt m 5;x5; w`cgjw mrjucghmea tmrnht p`xhi !yhiijw ehiis)#

Wah nhchrmthg p`xhis !rhg gjts) y`hig m brmfh w`ta rhimt`vhiy bhw dmnn`hs# Hmea `cthrpjimthg =<1<&i`ch brmfh `s shct tj tah pmchi hmeab`hig t`fh‗hvhry =*8<ta jr =*2<ta shejcg# Rhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc wìi kh uptj 1<< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh khemush ;G B@[ bìthrs emc `cerhmshrhsjiut`jc ky up tj =#7Q#

Brmfh&kmshg Fjt`jc Mgmpt`vh Gh`cthrime`cn

Brmfh&mgmpt`vh gh`cthrime`cn ushs ijnè tj fhmsurh fjt`jc khtwhhcb`higs# Bjr stmtè brmfhs‗brmfhs w`ta i`ttih jr cj fjt`jc‗whmvh `shfpijyhg# Bjr gycmfè brmfhs‗brmfhs w`ta fjt`jc‗h`tahr m kjk`cthrpjimtjr jr m ;G B@[ bìthr `s ushg tj nhchrmth brmfhs# Bjr stmtèv`ghj vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc wìi kh up tj =<1< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh# Fjt`jcv`ghj wìi prjv`gh up tj 87< WRI jr 1<< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh#

[hn`jc&kmshg Fjt`jc Mgmpt`vh Gh`cthrime`cn

[hn`jc&mgmpt`vh gh`cthrime`cn ushs ijnè tj fhmsurh `cthr&b`hig fjt`jcw`ta`c ’rhn`jcs#‖

@cthr&i`ch [hn`jc

Hmea =<1<&i`ch brmfh `s prjehsshg jc m i`ch&ky&i`ch kms`s tj b`cg tajshi`chs tamt mrh emrry`cn fjt`jc mcg tajsh tamt mrh cjt# Bjr stmtè v`ghjvhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc wìi kh up tj =<1< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh# Fjt`jc v`ghjwìi y`hig up tj 87< WRI jr 1<< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh#

@ctrm&i`ch [hn`jc

Hmea =<1<&i`ch brmfh `s prjehsshg jc m p`xhi&ky&p`xhi kms`s tj b`cgtajsh p`xhis tamt mrh emrry`cn fjt`jc mcg tajsh tamt mrh cjt# Bjr stmtèv`ghj vhrtèmi rhsjiut`jc wìi kh up tj =<1< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh# Fjt`jcv`ghj wìi y`hig up tj 87< WRI jr 1<< WRI phr b`hig&t`fh#

2<` vhrshs 2<p Ejcchet`jc

Wah quhst`jc jb wamt typh jb v`ghj emc kh `cput ky m g`spimy ams cjrhihvmceh bjr =<1<`2< v`ghj‗ms m =<1<` ejcchet`jc `s mii tamt `srhqu`rhg# Wah quhst`jc ajwhvhr `s rhihvmct bjr ;7bps bìf mcg ;7bps

v`ghj rhejrghg jc Kiu&rmy mcg AG GRG g`ses#

Fmcy Kiu&rmy mcg AG GRG pimyhrs jbbhr kjta =<1<`2< mcg =<1<p2<jutput# @b yju jwc jch jb tahsh pimyhrs `s tahrh mcy mgvmctmnh tjkuy`cn mc AGWR tamt ams m 2<p `cput: Fmcubmeturhrs eim`f tahrh mrhkhchb`ts tj us`cn m 2<p ejcchet`jc#

Ajwhvhr sohptès jb ’2<p‖ ejcchet`jcs pj`ct&jut tamt yjur AGWR wìighthet ;&5 puiigjwc !mppi`hg tj trmcsf`t ;7p jvhr m 2<` ejcchet`jc)mcg bìf&fjgh gh`cthrime`cn wìi kh mppi`hg# Wahrhbjrh tahrh `s cj rhmichhg bjr m 2<p ejcchet`jc# âj `s ejrrhet:

Bìf&fjgh Gh`cthrime`cn

Wj ejrrhetiy g`spimy ;7bps fmthr`mi !usumiiy bìf) m gh`cthrimehr fustejrrhetiy shcsh tamt tah 2<` v`ghj strhmf `s emrry`cn ;7p# Wj gj ta`s `tfjc`tjrs tah bijw jb b`higs#

Ms sajwc khijw wahc m gh`cthrimehr hcejucthrs m strhmf jb =<&b`higs`c waèa4 tah 5rg mcg 8ta !kiuh) b`higs mrh `ghctèmi pius tah 1ta mcg=<ta !nrhhc) b`higs mrh `ghctèmi‗tah gh`cthrimehr sw`teahs tj +bìf&fjgh#+


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@c bìf&fjgh 87<&i`ch b`higs = mcg ; mrh ejfk`chg tj fmoh jch =<1<&i`ch prjnrhss`vh brmfh‗waèa `s tahc g`spimyhg twèh#

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Brmfh M Brmfh K Brmfh E Brmfh G Brmfh H

Cjw 87<&i`ch b`higs 5 mcg 7 mrh ejfk`chg tj fmoh mcjtahr =<1<&i`chprjnrhss`vh brmfh‗waèa `s tahc g`spimyhg tarhh t`fhs# Bjur b`higsamvh cjw khhc ejcvhrthg tj b`vh brmfhs#

B`hig 8 `s so`pphg# Wah chxt 8 b`higs mrh ejcvhrthg4 87<&i`ch b`higs 2mcg > mrh ejfk`chg tj fmoh jch =<1<&i`ch prjnrhss`vh brmfh‗waèa`s tahc g`spimyhg twèh#

B`hig 1 `s so`pphg# Wahc 87<&i`ch b`higs 0 mcg =< mrh ejfk`chg tjfmoh mcjtahr =<1<&i`ch prjnrhss`vh brmfh‗waèa `s tahc g`spimyhgtarhh t`fhs#

Hmea shejcg 2< brmfhs mrh prhshcthg jc tah g`spimy? tahrhbjrh ta`s

ejcvhrs`jc fust kh rhphmthg =; t`fhs !2< þ 8 6 =;)# Gj`cn sj wìi

ejcvhrt m tjtmi jb 71&b`higs !7 Þ =; 6 71 þ ; 6 ;7 brmfhs) waèa `s ;7brmfhs# Wa`s prjehss ejcvhrts ;7p tj 2<p us`cn ’;&5 puiigjwc#

Khemush tah ;&5 emghceh thiis tah gh`cthrimehr hxmetiy wamt tj gj ;7pemc kh g`spimyhg phrbhetiy# Hmea g`spimyhg brmfh wìi amvh =<1<&i`chsjb v`ghj `cbjrfmt`jc#

Bìf&fjgh Gh`cthrime`cn Whsthg

Wj thst ajw whii AGWRs ghthethg ;&5 puiigjwc Fhrsjc mnm`c ushg mUF\WH =55 pmtthrc# @c ta`s thst tah ’emfhrm‖ rhphmthgiy pmcs r`nat&

tj&ihbt mcg kmeo# !Wah rjtmt`cn wa`th i`ch `s cjt prhshct#) Wah thstv`ghj wms fmsthrhg mt =<1<`2< us`cn m ;&5 puiigjwc waèa `s tahtrmg`t`jcmi wmy ;7bps fmthr`mi `s trmcsbhrrhg tj v`ghj#

âhc mc AGWR ejrrhetiy ghthets mcg mppi`hs rhvhrsh ;&5 puiigjwc tahkjxhs w`ta tah ajr`zjctmi i`chs rhfm`c `ctmet# @b cjt h`tahr tah kjxhs

wìi strjkh khtwhhc kimeo mcg wa`th jr vhrtèmi kmcgs wìi mpphmr jctah s`ghs jb tah kjx# H`tahr strjk`cn jr kmcg`cn ejcst`tuths m +bmì#+

M bmìurh `cgèmths mc AGWR `s ucmkih tj rhi`mkiy ghthet tah prhshceh jb ;&5 puiigjwc# âhc mc AGWR `s ucmkih tj ghthet ;&5 puiigjwc `t ushsv`ghj&fjgh gh`cthrime`cn rmtahr tamc bìf&fjgh gh`cthrime`cn#

;7p Ghejghg `c R`ghj&fjgh

âmt ampphcs tj ;7p fmthr`mi wahc `t `s gh`cthrimehg us`cn v`ghj&fjgh: Ms sajwc khijw brmfh 5 ejctm`cs twj b`higs tamt ejfh brjftwj g`bbhrhct bìf brmfhs h#n# K mcg E# Brmfh 7 ejctm`cs twj b`higstamt ejfh brjf twj g`bbhrhct bìf brmfhs h#n# E mcg G# !Wahsh mrhjbthc emiihg ’dugghr‖ brmfhs#) Khemush tah b`higs `c tah !yhiijw) v`ghjbrmfhs mrh cjt pm`r&fmths‗hvhc `b whmvh gh`cthrime`cn `s hfpijyhg‗tah rhsuit `s ghnrmghg qumi`ty bjr tahsh brmfhs#


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Fhrsjc rhpjrts 1<&phrehct jb thsthg AGWRs bmì tah ;&5 ghthet`jc thst#^jrsh jciy ;8&phrehct jb tah thsthg AGWRs pmsshg kjta tah ’cjc&kjk‖ mcg ’;&5 ghthet`jc‖ thsts# Khemush Fhrsjc‐s thsts `cgèmth tahfmdjr`ty jb tah thsthg AGWRs bmìhg tj ghthet ;&5 ghthet`jc tah 2<pejcchet`jc sohptès mrh `c tah rhmi&wjrig `cejrrhet# Eihmriy `t `s`fpjrtmct tj kuy mc AGWR tamt pmsshs kjta thsts#

Dugghr

Wah wjrg dugghr fhmcs ’tj v`krmth w`ta `cthcs`ty‖ jr mc ’`cstmkì`ty#‖ Waus tah wjrg `s mppi`hg tj mcy phr`jgè !h#n# v`krmth) g`sturkmceh jrucsthmg`chss !h#n# `cstmkì`ty) `c m bijw jb `fmnhs# Khemush tahrh mrhfmcy pjss`kih emushs jb dugghr tah thrf `s mppi`hg tj fmcy msphets jb tah ijjo jb v`ghj#

Ijw Brmfh&rmth Fjt`jc Dugghr

Wah wjrg dugghr `s fjst jbthc mppi`hg tj tah imeo jb sfjjta fjt`jctamt rhsuits brjf tah ijw ’smfpi`cn rmth‖ jb ;7p ;8p mcg 5<pempturh# Wa`s typh jb dugghr `s `cahrhct tj ijw smfpi`cn rmth v`ghj mcg`s pmrt jb wamt‐s emiihg ’bìf ijjo#‖

\uiigjwc Dugghr

^h ocjw ;7p fmthr`mi ams ;&5 puiigjwc mgghg sj `t emc kh krjmgemstmt 71<`2< !CWUE) mcg =<1<`2<# \uiigjwc fust misj kh mgghg tj ;7pAG v`ghj tj shcg `t jvhr m =<1<`2< ejcchet`jc# Wah rhsuit `s sajwckhijw wahrh b`vh `cthrimeh v`ghj brmfhs mrh sajwc !kjttjf rjw)#Brmfh 5 ejctm`cs twj b`higs tamt ejfh brjf twj g`bbhrhct bìf brmfhsh#n# K mcg E# Mcg brmfh 7 ejctm`cs twj b`higs tamt ejfh brjf twjg`bbhrhct bìf brmfhs h#n# E mcg G#

Ghsp`th brmfhs 5 mcg 7 jbthc kh`cn emiihg ’dugghr‖ brmfhs tahy erhmth dugghr khemush tahy mpphmr `c m shquhceh w`ta ’cjc&dugghr‖ brmfhs#Uphe`bèmiiy wahc twj ’dugghr‖ brmfhs mcg tarhh ’cjc&dugghr‖ brmfhsejct`cujusiy rhphmt tahy erhmth m ;&5 pmtthrc# Wah ;&5 pmtthrc `srhphmthg 2 t`fhs phr shejcg ms ;7 brmfhs khejfh 2< `cthrimehgbrmfhs# @t `s ta`s pmtthrc !emghceh) tamt `s \uiigjwc Dugghr#


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Khijw bjur prjnrhss`vh v`ghj brmfhs mrh sajwc !tjp rjw)# @c tahshejcg rjw brmfhs mrh trmcsbhrrhg !ä) jr rhphmthg ! ã )# Wah ;&5

pmtthrc `s rhphmthg 2 t`fhs phr shejcg ms ;7 brmfhs khejfh 2<prjnrhss`vh brmfhs#

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Wa`s erhmths tah pmtthrc sajwc `c tah kjttjf twj rjws4 twj !kiuh)rhphmthg brmfhs bjiijwhg ky tarhh !nrhhc) rhphmthg brmfhs# Jcehmnm`c \uiigjwc Dugghr `s erhmthg# Upi`t Brmfhs mrh cjt erhmthg#

Upi`t Brmfhs

Brmfh 5 mcg Brmfh 7 ejctm`c twj b`higs tamt ejfh brjf twj g`bbhrhctb`if brmfhs# Ghsp`th tahsh f`xhg brmfhs jbthc kh`cn emiihg dugghrbrmfhs tahy rhmiiy mrh Upi`t Brmfhs# ^`ta fjt`jc m Upi`t Brmfh emcejctm`c twj vhry g`bbhrhct b`higs jb tah smfh jkdhet#

Hyh Wrmeo`cn Utrjk`cn

âhc ;8p mcg 5<p v`ghj `s sajwc jc g`spimys mt 8<Az mcg 2<Azrhsphet`vhiy tah smfh brmfh `s bimsahg twèh# [hphmt`cn tah smfhbrmfh twèh emushs fjv`cn jkdhets tj ’strjkh#‖

Utrjk`cn `s mc ìius`jc erhmthg ky jur hyhs wahc tahy mutjfmtèmiiybjiijw !trmeo) m fjv`cn jkdhet‗mcg tah fjv`cn jkdhet `s bimsahg twèh#Wah hbbhet emc kh ihsshchg ky bimsa`cn tah `fmnh 5 jr 7 t`fhs# Jbthcemiihg dugghr `t `s cjt# @t `s mc ’hyh trmeo`cn mrt`bmet#‖ !Wah hyhtrmeo`cn mrt`bmet misj jeeurs wahc ;7bps bìf `s prjdhethg w`ta m twj&kimghg sautthr rmtahr tamc m tarhh&kimghg sautthr#)

Utrjk`cn `s cjt m prjkihf w`ta fjst bìf jr`n`cmthg prjnrmff`cnprhshcthg mt ;8p# Emfhrm jphrmtjrs ocjw ajw tj ejctrji tah fjt`jcjb tah emfhrm ms whii ms fjt`jc tarjuna tah brmfh sj ms tj f`c`f`zh

hxehss`vh dugghr‗waèa iòhw`sh f`c`f`zhs strjk`cn#Bjr hxmfpih ky trmeo`cn m fjv`cn sukdhet mc jphrmtjr ohhps tahsukdhet `c tah smfh pjs`t`jc w`ta`c tah brmfh tahrhky f`c`f`z`cnBjrhnrjucg Utrjk`cn# Jb ejursh ms tah emfhrm pmc w`ta tah sukdhetkmeonrjucg ghtmìs strjkh# Kmeonrjucg Utrjk`cn emc kh f`c`f`zhg kyrhgue`cn Ghpta&jb&B`hig !GJB)#

;7p Ejcchet`jc

Uhvhrmi Kiu&rmy mcg AG GRG pimyhrs jbbhr tah jpt`jc jb m =<1<p;7jutput# Wa`s ejcchet`jc g`rhetiy pmsshs tah ;7bps fmthr`mi jc mc AGg`se# Gj`cn sj hi`f`cmths tah chhg tj mppiy h`tahr typh jb ;&5puiigjwc# \uiigjwc dugghr mcg Upi`t Brmfhs tahrhbjrh mrh prhvhcthg#

G`spimy [hbrhsa [mth

M [hn`jc 2< AGWR typèmiiy emc jphrmth mt 2<Az >;Az jr =;<Az#CWUE mcg =<1<`2< v`ghj emc kh g`spimyhg mt 2<Az jr mt =;<Az# ^`tasjfh AGWRs =;<Az emc kh g`spimyhg us`cn tah WR‐s ’Brmfh@cthrpjimt`jc‖ e`reu`t turchg Jc jr Jbb#

Brmfh @cthrpjimt`jc nhchrmths tah brmfhs khtwhhc metumi brmfhs# @b gjch vhry whii `t emc fmoh 2<` fjt`jc ijjo fjrh ’biu`g#‖ Brmfh@cthrpjimt`jc sajuig cjt kh ushg bjr ;7bps fhg`m w`ta ;&5 puiigjwctamt `s `cput ms 2<`#

âhc =<1<p;7 `s `cput m g`spimy tamt emc jphrmth mt >;Az wìi s`fpiytr`pih tah brmfh&rmth# @b ajwhvhr m g`spimy emc jphrmth mt =;<Az=<1<p;7 sajuig amvh `ts brmfh&rmth qu`ctupihg# !Mvj`g g`spimys tamtmgg ;&5 puiigjwc tj jktm`c 2<Az mcg tahc gjukih ta`s brmfh&rmth tj=;<Az#)

Fjst AGWRs sjig `c [hn`jc 8< emc g`spimy kjta \MI !8<Az) mcg CWUE!2<Az)# Wj hi`f`cmth bièohr `c kr`nat sehchs fmcy [hn`jc 8< uc`tsrhbrhsa mt =<<Az# Bjr tahsh g`spimys \MI mcg =<1<`8< v`ghj mrhbrmfh&gjukihg tj =<<Az# !Bìf `s krjmgemst mt ;8bps waèa `s emrr`hgky \MI mcg =<1<`8<#)

Wwj jpt`jcs mrh mvmìmkih bjr g`spimy`cn =<1<p;7 jc [hn`jc 8< AGWRs#Jch sjiut`jc `s tj jphrmth tah pmchi mt =;<Az‗`c mgg`t`jc tj =<<Az#Wa`s `s smfh sjiut`jc ushg ky [hn`jc 2< uc`ts# !Mcjtahr jpt`jc `s tjsw`tea tah g`spimy tj 02Az mcg qumgrupih tah brmfh&rmth#)

Wah Chnmt`vhs jb =<<Az mcg =;<Az [hbrhsa

AGWRs tamt suppjrt m =;<Az rhbrhsa&rmth gj kmc`sa ;&5 \uiigjwc dugghr# Ujfh bjios eim`f tahy sajw bìf hxmetiy ms yju wjuig shh `t `cm tahmthr# Ajwhvhr fjghrc tahmthr prjdhetjrs ush 5&kimghg sautthrstamt nhchrmth >;&bimsahs&phr&shejcg# Wa`s ’rhbrhsa rmth‖ `s bmr ihsstamc tah rhbrhsa rmth jb m =;<Az g`spimy# Wahrhbjrh mitajuna ;&5 emghceh `s cjt prhshct tah g`spimyhg v`ghj `s cjt rhmiiy tah smfh mswmtea`cn m prjdhethg fjv`h# Uj gjhs g`spimy rhbrhsa&rmth fmtthr:

âhc wmtea`cn bìf jr`n`cmthg prjnrmff`cn jc [hn`jc 8< WRs tamtrhbrhsa mt =<<Az rmtahr tamc 8<Az tah rhsuit `s m sa`bt brjf bìf&v`m&

v`ghj ijjo`cn s`fìmr tj bìf tj bìf&v`m&v`ghj ijjo`cn fjrh iòh v`ghj#Wah sa`bt `c ’ijjo‖ `s cjt m pjs`t`vh jch#

Bjr ta`s rhmsjc `t fmy kh khtthr tj shihet mc AGWR tamt g`spimys CWUEmcg =<1<`2< mt 2<Az mcg =<1<p;7 jr >;<p;7 mt >;Az rmtahr tamc mt ma`nahr rmth#

Bjr ta`s smfh rhmsjc m [hn`jc 8< uc`t sajuig suppjrt \MI mcg=<1<`8< mt =<<Az !bjr v`ghj jr`n`cmthg prjnrmff`cn) pius >8Az !bjr

bìf jr`n`cmthg prjnrmff`cn)# CWUE mcg =<1<`2< wjuig g`spimyhg mt2<Az mcg bìf jr`n`cmthg prjnrmff`cn mt >;Az#

Ujcy AGEMF

\r`jr tj ejfprhss`jc =0;< p`xhis brjf tah =0;<x=<1< hihfhct EEGsmrh prh&bìthrhg tj y`hig =77< p`xhis# Wahc =77< p`xhi iuf`cmceh s`ncmi! P) `s tahc rhejrghg# Wah Ek mcg Er ejijr g`bbhrhceh s`ncmis mrhg`n`t`zhg tj prjv`gh 27<x=<1< smfpi`cn bjr hmea earjfm ejfpjchct#Wah =>4242 smfpihg v`ghj `s rhejrghg mt =7<Fkps#

Ujcy E`chMitm

Ujcy‐s E`chMitm ushs +\rjnrhss`vh Fjgh w`ta Uhnfhcthg B`higs+theacjijny# Wah emfhrm prjnrhss`vh semcs mt =0;<x=<1< w`ta brmfhrmth jb ;7bps# Hmea =<1<&i`ch `fmnh `s stjrhg `c m kubbhr# Wahc hvhry=*71ta shejcg mithrcmt`cn shts jb 87<&i`chs mrh wr`tthc tj mc AGEMFrhejrghr# Wah rhejrghr trhmts tah `cput ms 71 b`hig&phr&shejcg `cthrimehv`ghj# Jb ejursh tahrh mrh cj `cthrimeh mrt`bmets `c ta`s =<1<`71 v`ghj#Wah ghs`ncmt`jc bjr ta`s v`ghj `s ;5#0>2\sB#

Ujcy AGEMF U[

Ujcy ams `ctrjguehg m a`na&ghb`c`t`jc ucejfprhsshg g`n`tmi 74747 [NKbjrfmt# AGEMF U[ empturhs tah buii ghtmì jb tah =0;<x=<1< w`tajutprh&bìthr`cn jr suk&smfpi`cn# Wah AGEMF U[ rhejrg`cn emp`tmi`zhs jctah uc`quh chw semimkih F\HN&7 Utug`j \rjbìh ejfprhss`jc minjr`taftj mea`hvh m fìg ejfprhss`jc rmt`j# AGEMF&U[ rhejrgs mt mcmstjucg`cn 77< fhnmk`ts&phr&shejcg# AGEMF&U[ ams tah mkì`ty tjrhejrg =0;<x=<1< prjnrhss`vh AG v`ghj#

Ujcy QGEMF AG

Ujcy‐s QGEMF AG bjrfmt jbbhrs tah eajèh jb rhejrg`cn UG v`ghj w`tatah GREMF ejghe mt ;8Fkps jr AG 74;4< v`ghj us`cn mc F\HN&;ejghe mt =1 ;8 jr 58Fkps# Mcg mt 8<Fkps QGEMF AG rhejrgs 74;4;F\HN&; v`ghj# QGEMF AG `s rhejrghg us`cn kiuh&imshr theacjijny tjm =;&ehct`fhthr !8&`cea) rhwr`tmkih g`se w`ta`c m prjthet`vh emrtr`gnh#

Ujcy QGEMF HQ

Ujcy‐s QGEMF HQ emfejrghr rhejrgs ;8 !U\) mcg 58 !A]) F\HN&; tjUxU bimsa fhfjry HxprhssEmrgs !1NK =2NK jr 5;NK) tamt amvh mtrmcsbhr rmth up tj 1<<Fkps# Wah QGEMF HQ emfejrghr rhejrgs

=<1<p;7 =<1<p;8 =<1<p5< =<1<`8< mcg =<1<`2< pius >;<p;7>;<p;8 >;<p;7 >;<p5< >;<p8< mcg >;<p2<#

Mutajr

Uthvh Fuiihc \a#G# ams jvhr 78 yhmrs hxphr`hceh wjro`cn w`ta a`natheacjijny#

\r`jr tj bjucg`cn G`n`tmi R`ghj Ejcsuit`cn ah wms tah Fmcmn`cnG`rhetjr jb \èturhWhi Dmpmc? G`rhetjr Ms`m*\me`bè*Mfhrèms smihs bjr\èturhWhi Ejrpjrmt`jc? mcg G`rhetjr jb KKC Mgvmcehg Uuphrejfputhrs

@ce# Dmpmc#

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